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Electrical Installation Estimating and Costing PDF

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1K views270 pages

Electrical Installation Estimating and Costing PDF

Uploaded by

Inam ulla
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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be | 7 COURSEEN ee 22 Sect arate : ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION _ ESTIMATING. AND COSTING 3.B. Gupta BEE Bee Engg): C. Bag. Ys PLE ining ALLS | se gi ser te vets eee ed eo SORT Ree Faia epntoy moragaatg gt : saucy ong ‘Sy oi oi Jo teem | ; . syuaguory mang we S608 me Riga pw sed joo sey top Rersopont 08 4004295 Bap ny pest Ns © sg a yong 9) 30 Fee ny sogeNgRE At [ATEN AIG FeO am aNg AY Suocand ua 0 uv pe ween ome; set IOGEAR POH OGY “ewe UHI oN ak qa M5 Hf “wos Buia we “Syn oy TE BE aE sores py AHH ono FoLOM Losg Se tne ne [Pee peg. ERPEOI poazbs po a wponpe NAG. JoepLIK sta sede weet {od ang at sooty Jo Sea 6 xy omy Wy pepnfes soNEED HT sqeue wage poganen -yoog qeas na Burredaut wf mess peg euieeys9 pee Bayes Buoys ape say ang Og, AINPES RUE Bog m pSuo cou pa. “copureop AeA SHPO “AupeD pe Fae PHP, 20 POL Ns yw gn NE spose po tonraroerg Sieg -g "waeldg seek ey Donde Se ee ‘aymmpeas ip JO shusmcomben omy qaya yoou cy mE yooq ATR BuRLoDoUM jo z0Iq0 ATEUTaM ea uOLpy Isany ayy 9x43 sovfas 209. Foo Bests and Gene 10.0. Go and 10.38, Harting of Rossninion Lines 1038, Guarding ef Onehead Linea 1038. Clearance of Cnaare From “ya0m ofp ho Basket Sgensoo ‘9 x 04 Joana 4909 pay swe suameGFP Jo sem Sugnuigsy fo apdiourty pouousey a sepia ad souoRIPCOgAAY oH ‘oF swords FuRLeRIpIOQ.AY Jo sodA, oor or tonne 90 pue sSnyd yet “saa1s JO 2800 sy} Z0N09 01 poppe ” cama WE Inq “epr09 aEQULAH} Ozu saeN ofan DAIMOUE aq fA suEeAL asoqy Ye se ADETO ‘surepuod ‘soxoq zips Soups yo 307 ¥ sro oor jeu y ) 81 yep sew 9 “aoe __ Samy wo wry «pu npae Jo UYAKA| >No peNDEHD 4 oUD Ge Spsodar verte 204 a Goyoe9 npg Ia sABUO BH Ut Gj Powole ag Sam sxog Buea [eUOIDE as ¥ pt mes oy fimo 24 a sox0q 24, “porgeop 99 1, eeurarvoR fel oq) 68 Szojoqpuco omy aq a ax>y9 pum ‘399205 Yes soy qeNomDyRANEos v Jo yeqaUOD Tm BEE iq, meas m0ay 395 By some Oy © 5 PahOTT 9g prRoys somes ureU pO sp ‘nsomop any alxane poad £288 99 04 punoy qu axxo ogy sx npg 10 ueyog ‘tudes ‘one afeanae me aca oy Ssanx naz Butnysy ‘op9p ry Tau thBua pew ae ous tasop Aza ‘psvoy Wane TomeUDD 0 GaN of 9429788 OTH WOH 3 UAH spUA| 30 sIMOITO Ans oy ¥E 48 of sNOKe| PEpHOP 8 30} ge 40 ae pre (Mp 20 sayyeK) Supdeo Boxee Ree in ¥ Sam 209) {2eqqe pus sympa yo 300 zneaid ato ‘wusuamnsront oy 7m Aso ota POD OF ot Gays way af) Gof BEE 2 ME ‘un on agora oy -Seodand apo arms 2095009 yep off a “EASES UM ION Bf oOR JEOT OS Y ' uy aeqgaoy yay 828-899 aged aout Suurodaed ay pom 9 ony 2202 ogysvod Axo ane Yona ZAAG8aNG ‘do fequnssuoeqeo perro os Wim Dswduon fre aur 9 UE gt rico oo ere eng pee PE Sew aon Uo Prot STE 5 dp oasis eae tog 2900 oS aoe Ho ee ‘Aogy ‘prawinem OA cov oiar guar st imate is Ibou, and thers are several fators ia the ‘nsruction of ling wich affect, Thais where esereno is required an the helphal eof dats cal from-other jobs, [be buliingibeing, xed during the consicutional or carcasestge, then the rou seta earning lan seater ay ten he och to indar the wae and wary fow awkowac corners tht are be nae ‘Ne that the specication says ll cutting and asking god wl be done by ths bing ‘cotricier,s0 that n labour allowance is required to cover thie, Toctsore excomy of tie, the chases thould be marked ct and the builder's spervisor vised welt inte 1 hat cutting does not holdup the vork progres. i shou be reatied, Bowover, that carcae xk wil ha slong break ser the rough work hos been finicbed tchos and pendants is nearly the last part to be completed, 30 that tey cay not be spoiled with paint or distemper In any cae the job must be thoronghiy tied oat first. z in ecctions may necessitate an eatza allowance for time, bat thie is is kind of work. 4 ‘completed house takes longer time then «carcass job, Floosboars have el end rare deviations occur in the rune owing to obstructions, bat woually the aur be completed without interruption, totaling. If any serial typeof ft 2 ‘have to'be sent tothe manafscture fra quotation. ‘the material required. ‘mai toard and dae point tobe installed Then find F126 per point for cleat, ‘Table 2.4 ond then estimate the total labour ‘ven in Table 1.1 below 5%, 20% oF 25% of material ast, and labour cost provide some peroantage ofthe above wgenciee and arvve atthe final coxtof the wiring ware ‘oat under the healing of cont 1 ea Ga ne an ‘tse ra mie cn [Jeet mis cr {Bib fer vag and unforeseen items. The amount ie provided under the bead of tingmcios ute euch as to cover extra cots on aeaunt of delays in Te is ueually labour east) say, 5%, terial et, labour coat end ober allied. noes may be due fo natural ealamition business cover all expendifure necessary to sxpoauiture, incu is port ut of the job, a definite percentage (10 to _suconge pun amy sq ompmoa aergund 24 -a9f9Q “woneqae ‘evn empyema eat Sa Yor ot oso ayant “aso ay ako SapEmS PEE ‘saucy a poacye way sey aepnased cyuyDAoyRutaoe pamfond mee omy OME -ao'os pur qofseqnorzed v amses 07 Sipe ST (a) us zaaouans Jo sami 2H, 6) -uonedaes jo dod) "DN EM QoCoM yo oe aos) Sop om Ae, pour4ed porn LOIS arg pus ‘so;UHHO ‘8p Jo dopazoa oy; uo Spd junoare ays, “got ag} Jo sad Sms oy suc 2p w Gol og) 700 on so suo exp og oPryEaCed Jo Ung am MH Durhates. The enquiry shall bo carefully prepared indicating requirements in clear terms, (@ The eoauiny tender shall indicate complete description and speifctions ofthe required vosteriale © Drawing, wherever availsblé, chaltbe encksed with the enquirylerider. to ISSbther standard specications as fer as posible, logy such as Best quality, commercial quality’ or I be used. (Where wo droite is'available aid which cant be cect Usteribag a sample fs tobe shown to the vendors or they may be requested to submit their sample. (@ In casco where an option to supply materials to be exrened the tanderers must be asked to give slternative offre with their own eupply of materials and with ‘supplied materiale. 7 (Delivery expected shal! be realistic and spoxally indicated, @ Incase quantity required isnot readily marketed, Minimure Order Quantity stipulation shall be reqqacted inthe tender enquiry, L141 Separate Offers Por Te Feuiremeniaspecifications are not bert I containing technical de lendzetifrms be informe! elaarly is elected on the basis of | ng. The usual modes of tendering are: (Commercial Quotes. In cases where technical ‘estbliched oltre shoul be obtained in two parts — part I containing prie/eommercial details, The ymensal offer would be opened after the equipment whereby oven non registered dealers are cnown and posable seurces for the iuirements end slowed ta quote, ee leading Fnglish language newspapers of All nits, also inthe Indian Trade Journai/fndian imultaneously copies ofthe advertisement may be snown and likely courees fer a p be procured are not indigenously avi isaments may be released in leading Export Services Bullet eto the Indian Embassies in potent tries . ae-on the basis of ingle offeror an fer from single fource is invited, tis is called Single Tender Purchase’. Common sessions of tos ‘alegary are given below: i 6 Mien masks eserch revels that hare a aly oe known rll oun of pay, © Whes the managemoitin the interest oval og tera economy end cua asoumees and assured service standards of delivery ote. standardices cn a particles brea rake. (© More i a single party ready to undertake the isk of provconine!4evelopmont of ‘tem requited and the value of order is such that itis not emmomical fe dowon llernative sources of supply. (2 Tho manofactureriGoverasient has canalised the supply cal through a cingle saree. (0 Te item is koown tobe in short supply and ite stocks happen tbe avilable only with one source atthe ine of purchan. shops, super bazars, Government, Semi-Government, Co- (@ Diseet purchase from reputed mazsufecturoe or their acredited dealer, A far as possible offre shall be invited from the manufacturers/their authorised agoat Froprictary tender is a tender which is addrosed only toa proprictary manfscturer! Us authorised agent because no équivatent ot near equivalent ls availabe from aay echer Ye suppliera quote only the product of one manufacturer, be resort only foc emergent requirements. ll the realy approachable S are requested to assemble and their offers are obtaived efter the . hes on the spat rest Purch: of urgent piuduction/project {Smal offers are invited. The canoeraed person i authorised to record rt three suppliers snd approve the pure item may be restricted to & 1,000. ‘iis is an important document to evaluate the offers recoived aguinet an Enquiry. Utmost preparing the comparative blighted. A sample of 8) is given on next page omg eg ae eoutraodor ysorayA 30 “01 poaite se uinets uoroodecy “OL "299 stmoonIp ‘eounape ‘ey pasty se peated Jo apopy -g "9920 my px oy oy SOK “2 wonrppe poastoacz0—te9 ey 44 poyonb ev-stioy oy Jo smeared pomTeieC, % sab eaeciy © ~2H8P PE UN 30prIO grEHPING “T essay ereczpat on -n0 porubatag poe fo ep 9 sardnsazp app afar taaeeRNsey °5 ‘roe py 0 souhugrenyysed soueape toy Nba MULAN OMAN), (S49) INSWALVES HOS TALLVUVARO 11 LYWIO ‘8 esos which are shvays scaled, ar ivacably invited in the moe open. ‘manner, eg by advertisement in the Coveramunt Onztte or eal papers or by tice ia Hal, Hindi, or Vernacular pasted in pablie places and by circle ‘emmricaons othe reputed dealers ae contractors All teaser hare ber seooss to the ota documents, 4 The tendoratce always states The ee where andthe tnie when, the contract documents canbe san, and {heen forms of tender obtained; to the amoant ian. tobe pil fr such forms tinder. @ To pe where, the date on which, and the tine when the tenders ae to bo submited and are tobe opened. *" (9 ‘The amaiat of eamest wioney tobe deposited and she amount andibeaafure of thierry depot required in the case ofthe acopted lender (6) Wit whom what authority the acceptance ofthe tender wile. 5: In he caw oftarg contact at lone ons month's time fom the te of svtemsnt ‘tice alowed fr receiving all tendere, Authority i always reserved to veject. sy or allo the tenders oo received without giving any reason and thie cloaly stated inthe advertisements. 6: Al tender rerived fr the seme contract are, opened by the competent aithrity in Berson al the advrtod time and placo inthe presence of euch f te into ‘possible aftr the dispoal of tenders. 8, Usually the lowest tender is nevepted, vin ofthe contractor, tho sseurity depo allcaes whee the loaoet tender ire Tn selecting tho tonder to he aocer' ‘ofthe individual ‘Grmo, who have tendered, is tals into considaratian in edition to ober ralevant factors. Specimen Tenden Spesiak conditions of the conte alow: 1. Only theee coatrastora, whose names are on the approved list af the Becta Inspector {0 dhe Government ofA” State, may tender and not more than one tender shoul be submittet by one firm, 4 Cement can, however, be ireuod to contractors on deunand ape actual requirement wineer hereinafter called as Bngineerincharge @ empty cement bag from the PWD ters, The cost the PWD store to the nite af werk willbe barne for aletrical weks axe given” sed bythe contain the Fekete piv ratoa 0 pring heen ogni share in ths conection, wl be neato ar fnaland ede 5. Conditional ‘earnest : % Contin tenders and tenders not accompanied with ioney are Hiable to be rejected. i Pe " 6. Contactar il nt be pai extra for slo any fhe tae 1 Tenders nt be ubie onthe preseribed form duly sone by the tinder on ery page. : ° ° 8 AMeatrisytbotnderer haul be none ink only Bases and onerings are 2 pominale AReanesltians, ores and injttone sae be eee tes itei of work, sepatately in-warde anid im gates. In sae there i any dilference in rates between word and figure the lowest the te will be taken escorrect. : ae 10, Power is reserved toreject all tendete or eccept any tender ot part there without assigning any reason tothe tenderer. 12, Curreney ofthe tender ehall retain valid for 8 month the contract bond inthe office of tof its aceptance, ling which general security is Hable to be im straight formation, only one set the board or block. in-hole pass befoeerosing through ‘The coiling wil not be eraned by tho walls only, at 29 em below ly such as CCI, Universal, Finoex, Gloster wil be used ‘and accepted in works, unless otherwise approved in tender docursenh, ama wos SY, | a “suoyssoyTodg gy sed ae auop ‘9967 MAT 84) peda te a waa ose swerve maar war Sader | SasI60 fg yo reso ase sxe pale p perm 9 ogo 989 ayo BuLnOLe Uns ayeteae ovat sage enaag eadee 9 eta AnH J0 969 Jo ap oy of MONE HE PRI FONT “poussou> seommdop Zoen ox 85 pou np may creat ed emp Zox0 Bpueyy @) sas0y E pte et @) -amynie9 UEP oN "MEG s10Ky Laue syaemvop BuLwcHoH AY HeagNE [BIR esONDNFBD a, “Lz Tao pao sua uops ‘ponrarqns aq ea pape iso: ny pow Fats ove tt soyDUsREOD “Po sungtpo Se Pees 04 (THe ue tog aN 34 aed a099p & Aa yuoursedap somn of oy 00 popcoy og Ue Ere ToUMVN poLTMEUMETD PIO "96 Petes pow soy pod pu teams mo stand on Sq hake ete ee ye 2 Aq oun sedap sos ony 240 pops og ej ‘TeV Per EUSP IO ‘rancor [cuss woneod 2 sar oor x00r 7 [iow peptone x0 08 vst z [denoure peruon 30 245 wos % 980 OF “poynoexs fem mee Sp any ease om 2» uon a9 np apres 9q Yous oes ‘2 atomtced ou 082099 fse}p U3 dooérasaopRnuoD Ry 38 polSnooa! OWE 20h porexBoad uray ops 70 Oss) Jo SING op wd paI>npop oq TA Aone wro;Uy SaEMOTpO aU y “eovoas pow sarees ‘Bhyd sowed o4ets PEPHAL, x0 BIBLE rr og Jo sprOOg wOHIEGENFC. oe ovpaeye om. 0 sypum omy pre foqSHAS wet POR epreog omny HOLIMATEIC, stom a ay pase oq eae uma sanesboo SeyMoqTOy OAL, YE peer 99 fu uo smpGoY dum] aeRO 20 SEI LZ “8 5410 yf oom yp Saga Hara om MeN ed Fee 000 MM ener wp rasnbes pty aONTAT een fo pose mde pes cae om ag wy 09 sre > SR eo souepIODNS uy gpndoar TE My I paRLT 99 TTS UH eIp “aEED GET t pomewou ay At OHS og un sopuo at Saou Kew fe {som ‘wonvagizods tons ou Susy sip op eais aq UE PUR SuOWAMHEdS CL Seqpowas 6 sacone ye ate fayy oy “ees 4 ou oraourioa w way wags + #2439 40 eds soecen yo ston scp Poke sroniraoarens sesrenran 5 uke ay, tneg, af oy ott a80 a, 5s euoyeec soda 09 por vets {wop869 sum Jo oe ag apeON apr Iso send nf roop ssouton. mes ff ang pounbar ges 20 axus yo Agus Boys vs aa Boos poqpout sy uy "yn Se 40 sxopatc ager jo sue £9 2409 eNO! ut epee ‘aol gBnorga epee axe sda ay 0} uormrute oy ‘waojeks x09 qf Gf "UAEKS 2a, Jo xo IUIOL “LEZ 2520.) aus 7 paw pazEDoy 28 oh anny: SOI om He ‘ye Jo souauz220 jo esto UE (ed) ‘pauayess ow soon) qworp éiax9 ur poajoar ox suf jo ssqame y () spre] ut dasp azo, Bou 609) as0y 857g eden 3 ‘sian 9 ye sane 330) 2p paadey aso ox ot toy aourtp a\qezgpssHoD © 48:99 9 ao uo sasowoy “eSumpring eS prog ony "oar eum ts ou po “ae hy nap ena ‘bog 2enf 90 waoay AYdene sounyouie “prve {opinip «wo sy podnadl om egaxp sues jy seong oxy “up e Asc poussey yo aOR STP ST any pordope dona oar of Yanga “ups P00 ‘ciation WOHMQUID GL BHNSKS proog TOR MAREE “Te 7 Hrom ouo unig ato 2urany hy top 99 011 WoRG Ans ang oy perDaWI9 84.9 poarnbar are syuvcd 20 Boy azo ast Ur feea Qoe SESMaND ¥ Pha UE poyoouNToD WG LD 360 pa urns ay po gt tyra oan uLpeRENNO oy UM RG RINE OS Y SPP Soy sv eed sagen uaa omy preg upp pepper td SB 3 ae "anid phase Wirer'af the foed cable enter in a In this tem of looping both the neutea jnetion bazand three cables are looped out ‘tom thisfmctioa box to the ewiteh, lamp ‘nd fo. ned junetion bor, The ‘onneetioar in the junetion box are'aiade with aerowed brass‘ sconectors embedded in black 08 of Fooping in. ‘with thee o€ pate celling re from which two wires are fala to tae ewitch to eamplete thecireat nd third pair comes ut for the next feed Fa 8? Looping Brom Thre Fae ailing Rose 2 Wooden encing and capping wit 3. CTS or TRS or PVE Fig. 28 ‘api put over it and whole of itis thon ecreweden wooden phigs gutted previously comented into tho'wall and cling. ‘Thus the cables are firmly gripped betwoen the two halves. & tthe dats and sorured to the supporting wall and calling ‘The scons uned ato of size 98 mm, The wooden guties used portant a ‘masiderasion, This system is not suitablo for use in donee premise, should be inserted in walls wth thei greater tection tho wall and should be spaced at an interval rot excesiing 6Oem vi ‘horizontally wotsds Bane smpuao pu pays “enusae ue peasy op seg EET 0 pasedien ev 3009 wy doo) 1 az i Sons snows ur oygyest ‘rrjeubd scepuaoy, “ponpar oq att sP184 ff Zopum steap oxy woaugog Suxoeds UR pus Hap Oy PINON SpEEG regs “{T “Bupuogae dua, ‘Sapen Jo esnesoq pallrurep wd sda prnogs bomernewy ayy wo|qeo Sune ana “OT ’ "aso es possoaino og mys pNogsSS|NE 9y Burpee you yeasty OH pooede og prnoys pow 94 oF st uonTea qo oy snl ae sa Wpoom sy ‘CoP anos 1 we) pogsuama Toa 9y PoE wo} oR +200] 38 ws OF ‘Semert Pwpona ast wate Ateayod pure ponoewe jag yr pn Ueto oA, I Pasegg 2g 01 suopsnDd0ug ssansaads— - pret | Se Aor em ean pee spo aa omy aes Sopa yo ode uy, a) ° S| FUL SU, OM oqrDORT UY fo eppoug =. ra oasnsped oy yey Ane mae eanuansu esoqun 30} pepwouscios: oq youu Ro 7 9463 st # punos » oxers ey peumbas 5 SiySUPETAZON poop “T 9 20 ssuoding Az0] snoqoT a SBaLAes pus FMD poe ERAS » & Theeables should not be run over damp glace, 1, The ead sheath must be continuous elecilly and earthed at some suitable point, preferably at the point of entay, : & Sharp tends should be avoided und ateocners'a round hend of adits not loss 16 cm, should be sed, makes the neateet job, and 2.7 end 2.8 chould be employed. Advantages. ae should be properly protected where lise to mochenica} damage. bles lipped thes hould be dreseed with apiece of hard woot - “ : iin ried sopacstely fom the witing for fans and Tights ote. © _ ct with. ipes, exept a of finite bond to the watar'mains at the point of ent be avaided. : 245. Conduit Wiring. Io this nystem of ‘wiring stel tubes, known are conduits, aa ‘installed on the surface of walls by meaps of adds or pipe hooks or bur CS slags insalations CESS ‘Sxponed to pun ed en Matveag Usd sone Ret plc wit prt es ting in conact with t should not be eed in places where acide and alkalies may be hits. While pessing through ntinued to height ot ess than 1.5 metres above the aqeums ats 98 pempee Guedosd puw enone Spedtsze 9 Jone MPL “ERpUOD a "smpao> ur ‘uy, aayoy pat ap Surmoap azojoq word oqo wv “sprung sen] etooeg ou Zoey 329 0 iy Pay trea oy panacea gs pd oman aptn pag ae spc a wt “eptog (628 aen aq prog seg uopouN 20 “spuaq woRsedsu", uaRade * 22330 2 someot -epi0 Ur PEyNNTOA oH 9 PH ENP eT 270A JO WOTITUEPCD prose oF sopse UE “paas9899 2g 0 suopynnoang “ssouge 40) Syuo Bugsy QA pao Sua {usps som oreo omonbot comm ay yee Uma opvond be oy oy ot Sp] Sx eo sooo (poresunn Sefarned) ea;sG9 RULNAL TIPLOD DAT ‘sHarpring aan pov penepuas gj poujaud Atay ympaco oy poomoed NA, “Hen sora ony of someswodde emg ssp and pus Tedopar () “oor pitoor¥ se yn slay say etzoumno9p FacHodaH o1oqa ‘cud 2 “auptat yo woyece 6 aon 5131 T ‘u0p éredond 5 Bapaog pu Bunypava # espe Joosespo0qs dard = “afanzey oxy oy ouosd suo sa.) GSN 204 8 NICO QA OMY amEAKTN, “a euoneus G anp auomosom NPE A JO EAA KIER ogy, HLH FEET suouto'z0 ag oy pong og ns Sng,“ s!OU Pee “SNOT Ow cy MEE sayHd S2RED OPE ROOK P BORED 1} NEARS Jo Ayoede> unuRy: TEM npc Po ATE NE ONT On oy PeAEdUND 5g, OF HEN Ses th the metalwork chould be avoided and conduits shot, 1%. The bending of pipe ehould'be dane by pipe bending machine, should bene throughout the run as far as poscible even if the ese numberof cables than its eapacity or duplicate conduits 18. Conduit pipes shou be fted by heer geage andes, secured to suitable wood slags ‘approved manner at.an interval of nat couplers or bonds or similar fittings should tice of 30 em frm tho centre of such fittings, - His one of the mast important factors to he considered. Sometimes poor ‘workmnanship may lad to dangers results. The firet and foremost consideration a oraom using elotisty aginst leakage or shock. For instance, in factory fumes are produze, cet or casing-capping wiring eannot be employed, ra ia poesbility offre bared, conduit wiring must be used. The type of wising to be selected must be durable and st must be of ‘Proper specifications an als in cordance with aesessed example cleat wiring suitable for temporary buildings ing. Tho wiring ehould be able to wit 8 Appearance, The wiring mutt prove a good look after its installation. tn cave leat ‘F casing-capping wiring is vse in modern beautiful of the building. From aesthetie point of view, conoealed conduit wiring syotom provider Doautiful and good appearance buts costs. PVC wing aystem also provides good ih Protection. The witing sunt be protected from mechanical damage ring must not deteriorate unduly by action of weather, fumes, TEER) comparsan sotcon Yl Systeme of points to be considered. The wicng: 8, Maintenance Cost. The wiing ost: of Sate read ‘Fite hazards and insurance siandards must be kept i mind ix case of large factories ee soap pees 4] uv ogy a} spa “STIBVO NiGASA SWRELINOLIAGNGT ee ‘adem poqumyao wea oeTNEUE 0 305 Buna sazeadd 99) s0}7npuo0 oy Bey WOLD sansossoooy Pup sprispoyy Supeayy ME eg Pong a Be ese “aT TE tuna 7 meio anoqe om 30 #44 fn AqPpSp ea peORTE foe ro ee Seg ee aemt Sen sn ep Hee yD Po Sanger pm ay hmte Yeotenecoa see wepaeE pe comand “welmmuptay poe ecacape ‘Hr uopseu pst campo Bm wy UD “Hoye ON 0p peee seg Bata Jo SU) OLN OL {nec ios Sep0g ¥ SeneE eI “aA EE ‘and high temperatunss It can be easily soldered and welded. Th s a 8,900 kg/m! at: fits mel int is 1,083°C.. {90kVinin) and high ineul "nomena ay Eee tinned nectar on {pene ielation gre V1 vat ais compas att andl pliable ond ae mt sale fr ner and ona ek flint wthtand higher , tn The ol a ‘sar fed m prison. Hard tran cope eatcir, wich hee vee tae Freie heptane nd even ifs ingrepnatad with eompoun, stereth GOlginm?, ar used as oveioad wires manly inthe bars fa, Sat pic, ohh iver naan "Tat wh pos inated 4, Alumisiom, Aftuminium is: ‘woed in place af copper fur beire electric cables ‘ore always provided with some protective covering and are never left unsealed. sed re tne poe dato Teecgactoaleney eine a inlated cabo aro rarely sed nevada tw PCAN TLPE maaad aie as Sm hat appr Geaativiy be 2.87 x10 heat 9 C) mfr eae roan og ie : ; 45.5 and Coton. This is ued a ow ling els, Tecntor may hve & singe layer or nile layer covering depenstng pn th mgeitinse fae a oe stra tal cayjroect eaage of coment se ben var wpa irae at coved wire usuely ted fer instruments and ote naka sulting mer adn ere cable st sss 6 Highly resistive to moisture, aids or alkalies # 7 Capability to withstand high rupturing weltagée and Migh tempseatures without much deterioration. : re provided with an exteroal co ing nn additional protection sainet damage and moisture may be divided into differs ‘used (Gi volisge grading a in cable, these may be dived into two classes luminium eondutar eas, lefore providing conductor to pro ‘ables are of the falling types: “A.008 oqaq “saseyio4 rout ung) 39K0] Dg Jo couwsaysas jon Api Your ABB SOLAS DAT ou poqyynsur are sai ey, aio sary 20 Ui "309 re ty m0 A 8809 AS ena wang (0) ~Avapoodsee a pee oh {wre moe vp panne spo oa agg Pa ote NS x ‘aoe oz sgn ATA putes WoKos aso offs pw oan WTA puose oes ‘Pow ORL. PES aos STH/OVE Uy ayguTyEAD oe cLgu SeEUL =O]GED PONPLOUS PUD . epuans oe FoF he says 28r9] ang pasogdmo oq few euys AIA DUELS pfu am osu Y somag apa ang . iA 963 ewoypedses ecoum Jago Pu 9p aun “gdje 7 ee, ee Oe eet ea aerate tees sev ees “Septal ena a od Spsdap dopyoeesut sod fo aN eH, Joa emgsoUT 9qE SEY = Seren gj pump BuO So dane Bo Xoa wet Paved MEAP ame HAN SS ovo sHasnioopoqreags ade uso MeH PINS eg 1349 WORE og Hep = >= Portuwrd p 966] © yim Yotaaoo aozonpuod rodeo pauUN soe yo td eTae> NIA S| oe eG 7 ee al oa ‘urge _sovotbnae io. 7 kas EER. HOS STOKE mE STqmTEAS ax See ETA “EGO CATA) ZEAE MEIPLY PozTUEaTAA"T mua orm samt “t M0 SUL BIOS sans B00 PES) a SL pumas a B109 oS 6) : “eoavo pas guns aygeTE 9 ‘sige paadaogyee ys “FIR? (OAD) epHOM weRacog y . ‘Sage pON WINS Per] ae “2182 ($10) porwons a2 qo 2 Gu PoRGE-AEMNE Beng, @ | ST PRET GEL GGT WoT eA T oa = 4 Be BD Current ratings of Copper Cantar Se Cow Cables (VIR, PVC oc Polythene fst Ibchiing, TRS, PVC or Laad Svea) as Twin, Trbp and Four Core Cables (Ron mee ene al (un orPolghene seesgeuses sen] peaacomace ape ‘iomadnon ye pus Bupunsno | sxeyTe Oe ogee etme oe “Th a Imus ep rene peo won ROME AMER pt “(ebriumape oe ease mG parts comma gona Tepaeun yoo coud Suny seul at pene ‘sopsoi0ud 4204200 Jo Bulges a m axguuns oer “somans yi ‘ous 25 (ememen) gogr pune wm "| sa FG] -p uyyes yuan gnons qe ia 19 S98KY OTOH PUY OA WOAH HOR RL PONTE ION “9 -sopsuaeemp fa8e poy 9 ‘engea Sonos 034) yuopooes Qua yee goTSeANBNOL, ans ersenppi fot oof0 - -sjmaatese Se wile PIROGS PUD pensHscE 83]qNo Jo sBaUTHJERN-9 205 sun eat ay ase “SEeLTHEER TY poe Paso ao GEA AE po 1 SEY LU MNT PetCo Teuoare ssi cowvisyeat aon, “omjon73s.zwo;tiog? God uo Ppo jeulede oouwyarecr or Aipasep weePuo une epouny 2 sowie oy Jo ops! uO ayy, -efoutouca yo 9 28 ppd a aa sxohodoy svowrouous feoxyuopt yo suoeaeal A ‘srouujudos pay stonsjemoy ay papratp are ate UT portale: oe 0 sopoojoa sus jo dn sng soymaoqoqiolsese Sol Jo ButsIsee Ny “eros Jo speu uosereat Jo 3M a0 or roan i “Novimaagnetie (AD) Strip Armour ty XLPE cableo are usod extensively for high tasion and low tension work, Even’ ation york: at S-phase 415 V industry is using XLPE cables. Gable Specification Codes fox it g Round Steel Wire Flat Stoel Strip Armour Dyuhle Round Steet Wire Armour Double Flat Steel Strip Armour ‘Non.magnetic (AN) Round Wie Armour MES ggweu> PYC Outer Sheath : Operating Characteristics of XEPE Cable : Maximus conductor temperature frmtinuous opera: °C ‘Anibient ir temperature: 7 ac /BSSRRESRERRE x ve got the lowing strate with epee the gle old cond ‘and hence preferred, an (© Tho molt strand cabteg are more flexible and durabl and, therefito, can be handled comveniently. © The surface area of multi-strand cable is more as compared to the surface area of gle nol cotductor, co het raining capacity, being proportional tothe lors are apralled round tha central cendutor and whess then one layer, albermate layers axe spiraled in oppnsitediretone, This ro aging” when the conductor is bent. Since the length of each spiral conductor ia greater than the oentra? cteand and the ‘current ows slong the vasious conductors resistance ia increased and 0, we should be particular in the designation of the xsection, ‘The sominal xeection, defined as and having the came re cosa sept beeatse of incr length due to spiralis ote in terms of otal crs gctiinal area of the ands, As 191.12 mm cable has a coe section to a5 4 19.35 mat cable, {PHOS PID we mag ara (a) PhS PID 40M eg ENE ey ees ‘aay teas pay pouonde gy MOND peor paomeyeg sey Fo5yy 108 ‘omy SPH OTA, Pues ser oe 2 90109) Vz ‘A 009 MQ 9q ooorta oS Old VST “A0KG “samo gy asws somes su aq ten Sm "proeg auto any A;ERIEA Atsnoounyans Buysindo yea Y) Pomourm poqreeye OAd iam OA A: Beymepo0 AE Dd PE A OOL Yo “x09-urAg ae TOLINpOD UMETUNTE YE *aojoq wang x eoygnep suomabeds Ao] Y fi me ‘Suypag Suemocxe Peppy moyeusey SeypreGax woRuSsep soH_ A TGR IO adc Oo i “Cepbad 4 GOTT AS9 20 A OtR/0F2) eper3 atteyo, (a) : “3 90a Me ax> ; aay a oo ui a pi elo eon yes wey ooo ato emg 0 soko) oopqe pan soar prada “we e200 yo vor on Sut so ‘pens Ho oan Se (98 OF WL FTI OL FOTN Gre ws Seyg02 eg peste wo qgRD iQ JO xe B08 s.cmgp 2p dors ston 9 om segpodh a, © 2 Thenwiaicendonresballbedust and weather. © ‘rovfendhaveanusting rangement en wall ‘8 The metalic enlocure wll have an easthingg terminal 4 Thecovershallbintriockd with the actuating lever prevent ces to the interior whit the 6 Thesctuating levershall bein etfctiveclectrical ‘mat with the corr and fully insulated from theeieut, 4. For Moree-Phase 4Wire Circuits. ‘approred TPIC switch fase with neutral +h, main fuse board and submain dstsbation hoards indicating the method cf ditibution to different Hor level to sacionane to whine, ‘Various types of, fse boards are-shown ia Figs. 8.9 and 310, or Sessena fre sytaed smu ayy AyaRaY 2,698 04 ‘rate apg mgm gr oe needs RTD “ympueg tars ap mVBIT“L = Er wom eos ancy (Q) sia pesoudde oxwin Aww JO AGOT AH TeayMee (Moy go) WHA eIOT srdiny, "Y 008 ‘A STP “Aang “suORREYTERSHT eNO 205] “aida pescado eH WP GEOL AOKG ‘VOT “HegL9 AeiyprM teHTapHON ong wmEpaRY 20m -no{0q Won axe sprog ary yo sunneogpods aq] ‘yommatreare ~ eygan ean ypivie ew eaomsearnbax Pej Cindi oc) Si Big Terminal Bit) Back Bary Terminal Boe "Reise “emia Se 7 “Re 224 alee aca ate hore are used thes called ternal box is used when only ewe entry ie required. One of these has side and the albertaakentne eee "The ales eros i aig ia io cae ata. bere theseght ran of ond oa. higher level then the bx for ines of cables ‘four way) with euitable ny 20 cs with plain sides and drilled a called rectangular adjustable the vad. fixing for the fitting ohduld be enongh to iron boxes may be made, The disadvantage of shallow wiring ang! looping in, turers wil give mel anu shoul be reject to by the studente. Various types of itches, cling rose, socket outlets, hig ad lamp halare are deanrbod bebe. Gi) Toe ey Cenire Of Switches, ‘Tia witch i jut lke a two wey swieh bt having resking ster Gv in «convenient way Le. by the simple motion o «Meco hnde ty ‘Pages tester ov aleconnect two terminals to which wites or shies am commited The ‘she ints of a ordinary single pole single way evitch frothing pe os ee oh Jhe.niteis may be classed in various ways, Aezarding tothe type of tase ties either whit or back or brown coloured clascified as one-way switches, two-way witches ee, © One-Way Suite. Tis rom ths back ede. three opertions. Inthe centro it becomes off. Such swizches are used when two lamps are to bo operated alternately (Go) Double Pole Main Sitch ‘are used for controling the electri bells. completed and bel rings and as soon as the Such switches project ound and oblong base. Round ate switshes ae cheap, 8. Oblong sutfae switches are good in appearance, but being only are > + Hono sun ‘ome oy ‘dey aygey “emp ‘qeaqe eating any os aq satote 9 225 po oot ein yrs wal 900] 0 10g pense oq Aon No WEL Ong TE 1 seo urenos omy Stary oseq se¥se8 30 {27P08 9442 wd om, tad aor pe 054 saga uoRpoRtoo fae Ade oy Poon “31 1G prooutts you in Jo "toi ano 40 sau). “mop wan 200 904 Spee © fo eu é “uoRbauip as tr ponaine s fo409 9g 9909 Pepsamm om 9 a0y ‘snot peususey omy mo “po Gwe "OppoY Gay a fo Blon DUET Jo soo oy i supp of TL, wa run any op auoRDon Burg sage uy posed aes ofa wen NANT SON 8a TULA poPTASAA SBpug FurImUSNL ayy, HELE yNOE ‘a go Sooo 9 0H 08 | ov 1 os varimg Ages CQ) ae he » 2B. UU pany Sw ame tO on go e “oMNEAS HNL RCH Yon @. pee cH f we a. peers * soyoning Joyqumy 10 aon}ng epemotin a ou pgedp apo sauna a amo yuou seg sw paeprop 00, fi anny epee ene se amouD owe UbnanT AUIMOG RoE oy Hoge do ato up soaimno axe 2s Jo yay Sue9y a aa es ae es Sure ym suo 2 4 00r 07 an) ae see te i929 pu messy poa.g LantarI0 Monee) sandopy pao xerox cary Pen agEiY oF © agua yor aoe ong, stor oan ur porn eqn Ane etek oy wo poty ase { * esom Ayensy “Buey 0: ops 20 Joos ay uo poy eq eu aay, Oe ET |, sto 0 oo ou a8 HON 8 cH poem am pO eUEL ONE ePIC ADOT () my erqnasy 3 soop pus pees rerenva ayy wo pesuao4o e248] {s2pre padeys pasty sopens uae Suoys pom ame spEg due] Fong pong a5 ‘epzvo SaueH ape wo poxy 04 wb po a8 901 ‘yea ye MR 09 Kea paw ody ues ae map A Yong “87 smear az spon dary yong ays we ea PRE 4 pony 99 4 o7e stay te aoe por. axe sO Easentals, fee consists cfs ment in the form ofa metal condustr of speselly select smal cone sectona areas or crtidge obo the fil looms, ad res tion i inherently completly automatic unlike a cireut breaker which requires te equipment far automatic action. 86 enoemoae short czcuit currents without noise, lame, gas or seaske. imum timo of operation can be made much smaller than that withthe creat lor sides of fuse elerbentimpose'a eurront Emitng effect under short cnt caouts ects motor onslatswikat owing. and yet be eapabe of owing cart Seay 2 tel exomsive winding temperatre de lo verond anda theses ee ‘quickly in case ofa short cireuit Modern HRC cortidg oss rove relalediseiminetion and aczuratechareteitice. In some respects HRC furs are superir to circuit breakers. Sea Rue Rlemont Matetial The matorial se fr Fuse elements must be of lw meting point low ohoxic los, high conductivity (ar low rsiatvity), log eae ros thos deetaratnn (©) Owing to its high condhetvity he mas of melten metal tobe handed if minimum and thus operating speed ie fast 1 perwompur se °| aarp og) 9505 tp 50 Po om wadn Sapuate Aids oy a Sep de om ree We Seta Ae a ny a 30 5: ym Boyd pow yy nus SimPTING Je Busy sp son] rasa young yraap.qne ex tou 2x ony opsavies y ‘aye Supocoad wy pa ‘SON -qne 7 seqME OL popLAD sy eT bruno ya sung fey SMe soy Jo Imeoyeep we pos eg pO ‘1 oogp zope omy ayo I moKEas0y a pas amasser YAR ApaNeTOEeACD woniod] eam eo eon (0) Tyroterclcure employed wd eerie he fsingcurent fo seandd fe wilt than the poet of ‘ifising current frome strand and thenamberefseanks caterer Rens Naber of Wie [a ‘Fig Goent t © eet actor. Tri fw alg eave a elemento Known a futing ctor ott it alae rater than ta aees Minium fusing cuceat ‘The omiller the fusing factor, the groatar isthe diffi in avoiding deterioration doe teovetbeating and oridation a rated carrying cuneat. Fora semenclce ot ewirabla fase which employs copper wite as tho fuse eleient fuling Erctor is equal to 1.9 #0 20, For the siandaed duty cartridge fuses Fusing facior is equal to 1.45 1. Breaking Copacity. Breaking capacity of «fuse isthe rating eorreaponding to the +m vale of fhe ac component of the masimuni preepedtive current aul the system voltage. A fase almost never actually passes a current, equivalent to its rupturing or breaking ‘expacity. Wo, however, assign this higuer valub lo a fuse because it prevents the s cutoff action, seta current to be cxered the vollage deop in the ts, then the size ofthe fuse must be decided as per eh cable, 008 sopiaord sopand Say ayy, yofdaioa sopyaoad 300 saoqy 200 060 Wns Wy} asoWr sf omy Suee ng, pA ‘vey one an ges ot pasojdan oxy amb ee ON “UoTTD, ‘ “aunyong Bu qq uaz Hany pene OU, “PB ‘umgesamye ‘tdoo pac ‘pes, o oq ews I Bupqeaag e aaeq qu9dis yemaoe y O9g oF dn soma pte YH g Jo ‘sam guaimo[oaion Y OF je cory ope EE ANE: SLO AUNT ‘pen “fase Semaine x Supysiag Pony oxey se MEATY fan) Fema pom owe | ‘Bi Aquos jo sosry seotun “a9 ey yong ‘eogEdED “aotNAN| ‘gesndo Go Sums pre eubjom Jo Serv xp Samp papuonn aoe Yor eyo. ‘wasuen SB YA #oja Moo Bosry Yon So our pu aE eH ong BOT aus jpows (2) ve9 | VF 30 oeny» tn we Em ¥ 06 Jo omy w 4S oe cory tase oy Suet ay say se HoTy eng ¥ Seen HP J0 OxnzwoE oD onayre OF A m4 I TOAD pork “agesnum soetcoeg v9 WogbuLLONp "waged ea ON oH sant Joo saeeae mp ony oS : “ryan ae cx pct axe soy a “spits myo of cod so supe 04 aa 9 ‘areas ini dua aouramo wy sna mone een yo Due SP 7 mip iemineties 5 ‘ojos ‘pow poet eae emer ruan oy jo eee ple au swOMER Stee 2 22,2 eoemmapesg Blo SN tiene uo of Sema BABES ees esiy as ov Si ganadeg saa ayy DoNEAATID eyeaNIN Sep Sa ogy, worg usoaaoq ala ome APTN eu catm Poreswos So imate WHoLAND sou PUTS AIeo UPA soOT TUMORS aK ed ee So reasod = go Esso yum amg adh eR UA aon ody, pl m0 aug uaa poyduaiyar oy Ae ‘suwey sty ot : insulator because le fault current ‘a tupturing Capacity (HRC) Fuses. With « very heavy generating efpaci ign : fie aya el uy curets wo ft th tain” Specs ag whe ge eee et aE {he fa by th ti exces) fin lect a rend ered ical Sey geek iva, ena created ate inant oat ene oe ~ brocees. es fuse may not be usefullin this case-and, therefore; hig ‘rupturing ? Team shed release of A forane nections cat eae et grat medvlpe ater ictoverearch | Toei pheromone ewig the fing incline «sudden rio fern mois aig aug intaleioefare coc ee Tynrepnee sempre adh ort nerd pre ne ode alle ise of capacity 1 high as 50 MVA up to 66RV and Above. The main edvantagos Of HRC hace L tra Chilbride ARC Fy it easentially consists aie: : Ft ~ tarbon tetrachloride solution and seal! at Fesntance fae wire said at. © Thy ae’ cheaper as computed with ane types of ccc interrupters of une Ineaking capi, ysarbn tetrachloride vapote, | 5. Semiconductor Fuses. These are very fat fc is - Ate Fuses. very fast acting fares for protaction of thyristay andl ( Rolonsiinieteninias (0) They have inverse time-current characteristic. 1 (i) Tiey are capable of clearing high as well as Jow currents: “+ (a rege et aed ee tat, ‘HRC fuses suffer from the following disadvantages. ivity di of : I ot yeaa 0 te were tla ort iden nee i (@ Interlocking is not possible. vs an oF steel wire or rod or any other suitable coin “ao psd pee ape ateyon yo ames as I ‘0 3 sn “pnn anonpes ood pe ana Joa Puen! pleas as er “say gg. sso puoi sen tanoapes poe “FEY asd pm ave svinpacs’ plese yee SA 3 = (qe UF pms Hee Bad ew RAL. onpaed ea Tove eo a8 frum Ben, WH pasa smn my, “SEY ermamem donee plone} AoeMpS AE 2 oR og po 2 pene poe ren an op af BORER My psn W589 one "ae Sag wey <1 puD ape nag SSC TEE ‘we 8 For eTMENEN ENPUED Sea et SS Og em ‘see ie oF te Jo thn apmeey YU) PRN mee pm Ba 2 MoH pK aU AOvE ‘MOD PME mf Et Y "WH me 628 ay oe #3 pen 99 on aE ey A001 Pe wey poe WA prHEOND Jy ae Snead see je 6 as OS ar uso anon a9 30 eany agua jo press, ee 5 RD ey pam me Wiser Seo sons09 ¥ summons wonmaree Ea ewe) su aE IG, ered Fs eR Bone 9 Busewnes “ewereM an Feel Sua ines porn ey pater WUNEOY wap owe ss et oun cept wBneP ony pa gue aued yy Haug ‘nega. 7 Se (sey eH pom Aeon wy 30 Bajo Lege wise at wes “espero 9 oven emu sts pom REN Pn Nd eens fy “me ATE ‘ANTEC siunn odeyos yo pus “2 ¥ 051 "y 009 3 auras suasma pat oso, “pouINe KqhOp Ot Simm onouy, Le Pam 1.9 YBNou} popoomsED Ox asoqs pL {ETT UO posh kaMjeR oN, Boxy zoand pa oppo a0] porn Auouen are ae, "oseGd-samm) A gTY < Ue ona ott) ane suse stig pe eae 008 PoE OR ee Ot 2 2 sap qtsaano yo are aoa, arm} 6) Ys re oan sou any, (te “ets (0) 6 paytsse sey axe pus odds wogompi fo 8H8 SOON, A219 CBee OV “soa gogogz Je stapes sBvyos jo paw snmodire 09 pow oz ‘6g ‘OL 'g “ez go shines azo oq Jo ors ony, “ody, aope RUN 2 oly yoy anoxap4 jo ase pus eazy: 3p vA aon a Seog “LzAfY Basa oe] “sajeut {Broce Qy poe rein ABioue gq: sadly omy 3o Alou ozm stojeut Cha Saar Bute ena99 049 2 poowyd at zoo 1 pus soyou Gove & pouoeaTE s aup ‘smapOR SSkermino peer =p mes ee EK EH og Napa ENN gD ‘srouma oquasip (uypory 41999 srowey) aR pue upon .9reyy ZDWOINY) wAY sesodind Betnaeyé paw SUNG 2 STI 199 90 possoo0nd of wyep efocd pooy ou cams omy JO suRETALTMbAS DUO} 9 eT 2 etiaretmes fm memo tnd one ner fnte cha hrc ection bra ‘G32, Wont bat oy 4 eh? 7 Ase Fi ndag eget MN ine es ed smn ap 8, Wat fe enting soe ie wed dvs, SRSA SIGE Opt es at enh none ‘axe plat or ilk eevee we 7 ‘© nent by o tac? jot That ti" tia cc be ssi ep ai at gy ant cia 936, On what pincipie dae the fe opsie 1 As, The sin of 1a RRR teeta heard ty ln aking ot foe eee ‘se bea th creas GE COLR Mtn 4 neh pg en or See fre dt ct ceabemy ele hr nos A ecures a ponte or cine fete a st Bean ce a a G22 Snot an St The wine guts wad ws el staal he sins fH nt SO ea Sa ia crn of BN ha ay ‘at le sae igh nese ic Saag wel beth nd ite. 40 wd wha odin caer dott Me heb te de catty te Ss ress of lage endo ea ead Se goq, rede a omar Pe © Mita wher cen ts ate Sr ido ree eight sind ag tical energy takes place without to-a potential with respect to, 99 Prnog® syxooe Sn sod uty paw ety] Gime wea. you Azessa39u 90K oF 3] S fo sep puna Aaya pu asoge Peunoay Sayeoqey op wodn sprodap woyeze Gave jo saga oy, uae ag TERM MENTS” SSORVISER HRW DNONEM NOE i req emt od any ae ere tha peau pt 09 enema w sod ya 404 “poue9 aq PNT eAoNUDS onqzeao SurSans sped pera ome aug; ‘sown oN CONPENISIT fsre PORN (mA) “we eto ow PORNO TONS OIepND aEPIU om Wana age ee TH) pee yu saat {unstp pus opezndas ans fy pases oq prnoys soxgeo,yons Jo rONpeeD [ous on ots opptoouno Sng soy Ajdans apxseja Autszdmea wooyeKe wo ses ayy my) “sesrmoad ¢zeomstc op 38 oy AVG YET THO TM woTooTICe Lu ey LOPE Setatzs 20 waeste MoANALAT 2x3 BeOpw eyuTOd sao 20 cH Bo ong oy ay “torte Aap Samp tape pow ‘Hoe a yo qeyAOD emIeENT oxy un pep 43450 ‘soqyvon agp qu safe yng Fuso tax 4OW Ho9p SRTMON YsTED PTA Gy, Seg ave ae o yous gy sn ADR 20 hex aato2s0ud 9M peIOKD oy mA sms 7 nog ofa owe ano no soueassed ze on yy sy anaes ‘Fugpaedor oped urea oy, yar yn pow prey ou 9t0N YANG Jo EouRASIoE “eats amonpeoo woRTRER oT Heg 20 (O48 ¥1) zon 67 eR 0s oq sou PrHo|s rOZoNPLOD ZyeMyRED ATES JO UOTE ‘8029 oxy, “o}NpUEe KysimUR Uw TeHeds w éq 30 eo[qNO poyLYeys [wyaUT yo TaMTEANS see ce Rene pu eezndes on q porproo oq pmo suaezedie Seu ‘ABsouo ofexpx empom yp pw Coo Beoupo9 so Sus typ ato au pus ezomaoene eo (a Repeal ct) sed pect om poe edd 20 scot fo Se, TNO MN FO SZ “porpire Suyaq vf woess woRMEW asoHA SeIPTNG OTP Woy wg Tyo sO UU ovens 09 tow Tus apansap aay Wy ‘FeIpHME Wosg YEG FTIOTEING T -- ase wi a0 spre wep £4 peptone Sngyioe Sprecos uo togrode kana tate a, Suwa porsoue 24 Prnoye. “oye eTTap ax29)9‘Su0N AUTOS jessie oe ys sogezede agen Jo suis ery "game on pervouaco 99 page? ( Pepat undp mp SALUD QA 20 BA SxE|OUS uMpLOD EE adhd MonqUARe PHP Uo ‘SqBHEas pelo tout ee 4 ‘snjecodde 3909 {fap Banpayaud 20 Stmgeyu09 eBa;ren09 ioe ey he oad ‘Bod will reduce the enrth resiatance, ‘The additional Resistance of Wactrodes ot Various Pepths ond Soil Resets fo Rig dd 7 viiog fe shown in Fig. 4.1. megs i wd pra, te mens ir the arpa of making an tative ‘rnase of earth is known as earth electrode. ae enh wiwor ny the pena be gabe ihe galvanised eel anil perforated, Dermonent we sil a5 shown, ier Dm and 2.5 metres erty esa Wg ose TE om sawed etre Adapmnoms psy dat A ay a do prod og nsorayy Heng noe “er uenemiad a yu Ppa an 20 sro ston pe mut red apm the mest the eh Tipe plae at pth 75 oe nny ‘onpe povdel wh ated eg heloece ieee ae ‘iepive tthe hao is rounded by broke pce of ceo sharcea fora distance of aba | | | 16 cu around the pipe. Gonerally alternate layore of coko and ealt are used to increabo the PloMEHIIA ey RH teduppundop “aera sie rysono9 ov orjue aM woREsKOS emai by i ais ee me eel ied id HD Baa wacoy ST Budaddde i smears ting 241 19 soo xe; ‘oagoedgax nota pu ee Vi 9 POE YG eR Panos Ses wx wer pr s2[eut povinide way oq pon juste 9, 68 oc mal bea ads lei ped al. "F IC” ig a7 swans aro a ae ge Sei on “stein Pe eet a 1 2 0q ate sy Asiesmpeiags se 2pm soo us es orgs Jae ate (0) 29s ma eq orien na 2 TA“ sont rexoyp evwFagy at oh eed Mepues emg Lompepenuyrenony Wf ea spt Krone yoy Cag -9 maa sug(pne Supsedot scoseede gt serous stp (ooee m1 Fommea etanag ade oe “a “EAE “sanimape of sreong LeMHMHEN OMEN Sie fe THULE foot tog aepeeg yo Sermon ‘HRN “DL : uae ITE LAIRD Pet gare provided on the lire ci 7 (©) The cletsical resistance from the point of coaaction arth cleetrodo to any eint on LOC in the completa inetallation is uct mare then gas che, (0) The metellie frames of ail ‘Power equipment sre earthed Ato. ‘independent earth Inspection and Testing pT wis coming of ron ” of Installations 4 awiteh, distribution board, submain dictibution. ‘boards, GI pipe, conduit pipes ‘Vitor PVC cables ara propery earthed. 1 the installation has heen earrid i \ 8. albequipmonts are efficiently arth eleciodas, 4. the required ground clearance to live terminals is provided, 6. suitable fencing is provided with gate with lockable errangemente, 6. the required numberof enuti Airetighting eq ‘upand ensue thas (the cables are properly sealod are earth connections to itehboard check and thin permieibe imite res are clearly marked for identification ther Ieeal language is placed. riers, bus ber ooveralshrouds, sutons Jhandle interlock fr cafe and reable operation in all ce between conductor an ‘Pore than permissible value as per IE rules, and betiveencondavesze is sides of the switchboard, are adequate, size of fase ste adequate, a6 ramones ann ge ay meng | : “pamseom Sa eg (oxsce9 om Jo eBEvos ema pUE onTSAD'pe ogy Jo Ks agate ot -G 0 ‘ponneeom aq eG sryHO9 sOjjos pu Lye Jo muHteT pepe = Sen60 61 re pesos op at¥ zed say ox 01 “Popuond Aodond axe qusuudyabp “Sqodoad powiava axe soqqes af TeyE sproogyenes Tet ies SPrOORMAS TES ‘tyeqtoyp 20 paBvonep 99 on Sng are ay exo soaxe HS ‘fyetead aresom orga 76 Boyeg axe quay ‘poo si Jo sursyA0ud oF msapr09 yyupreo v ut SONU > aoquI ft Dus ‘swopoouuos pua ZupfeM 40) ya ary szoyoen Bats ino pu 0 ‘ruey jo oxo vaze snopaezay ot ae ‘woponipeuoojoasdaoyzeen Jo epOAH OTe ypLG OE AaegS -E “sono (eiponod oj aqusony oxw mos Sumtee ota on suopoacte® BS E ‘pasower aze = edna ‘storejuoo “ezeedqcas oy aoRetiodemen 0s of poon az HORROR PRINT STEN “A N99 Sexposorg “eawseeoau se “soyrqas ox spstod UMBNTgRS ree emmmecnia pmnainntectn ag el ee ‘Serene saree te span ge ee “avon po eon na 9 ‘5p pam ony 3 umea wo dad ay ou enempco pie ‘ougacn esa ta agama at Pee ‘saojampace uy ape og oF are spot s2aazoqts poen ae ene L ‘sopuo ty axe ssocczoyoun; Ut oqax 968 02 suopoectD ‘topio woo 0 emer eg as stomiqewn jstatompe ud 205 Serpane spuced e wpm SemiBy om mun ene, tyee sible peer enya pe iene ate ane “poem sr Suze o7qup pounomze “Ayapiecaayye 3b poses equipment: M+ Ca: Einlatons sal be Cbeckad as lid down in 18: 12551983, 5.8.5. Mieiesscedtither Equip ‘Fanfpment. The following tests sxe made on nator ‘and dither ©) inom eit nse of ech phase winding agai Minding emsscred. Mogchin ater SOV o. ‘Doin shat igmanaectad, Minin accoptable with the ag ‘alie oth onlton san ranit the rated voltage of the motor. a ‘The fat “eemlition may serve asa reasonable gui ‘ERs phaoo ophase voltage end Pa = ‘Rated power in kW. Se measured at atomperature different from 250, tha vabie shall be tween the wiring and earth with al fog and lems nbd tn rst tren honda witha lassi ana ith of olny ofnentinked single ple awitehes of ast ei pth of Insulation Resistance Between the Wiring and Earth, The resistance leakage from coniuetors to earth is known as i and earth. The value of insulation resistance are au fio ion of the Inrumeae Mere rr to “A Colpo tn and Messing sents by J. Gages PAOONT = OOL x» +09 02 a ‘PEE TH, Fu OFE = A “Beso Ayden i100 39 mosses gore ¥ amy aas¥e os sous SRE snes 30 mum ¢ pee sisal nea ep Je SNS ge Gaia ain Aca eee ETRE {WEY A) v soadey 01 pontoeep ApoaaTy “oom “orgies fzodoud uaaq you sey 59 WN xp argo oto Jo anjsa oy powanD 3M page sam0d ogy, ynpuco ao gba won kes Se ap oy ‘eeeam a pao aaxao ova pa ie yeapoep eo) aeons g}aaey AyRNOD 28a ay; Jo PD 24 “opi entzadsar nor wt oderey pee WopIsOd Uo Ut somes soy wasp ery ue ‘pauoo aq Prooge yours ujsar 9824 Aymuatoa ypz08 dog aoe yy ut Suninees +R AIO} Hossa 9 9) yooqs exasze Suva uns Tm uae BBes 99 “wonepiaty yo oBecrep xp uo seuaegio qe 8 Prem A7pqa8 aq yen 49 GoHoRES Jo exaeD TOU “eampnoo oe yous eBaszasoo 20 saved [wou ath epee eg aed SmERUED WpIUg Jo SaNSAL“y {ans se a ant oxy wo 4 “eymuo> a3 ayp 40 suo to soy ane 99 ap “amy ° {Apts yo¥D Jo For;DE ToD “nso POL pony pao aaqo 9 PUB Tet¥9 of poronca ag €or, 8 oe 30 pid uo “pear rt no yo ag owse 9q sna aouryetear uonesN ‘ease Ac Jo ex69 Hy “aye ‘Wap oo uo¥s axons og oy YOU oa pus 5 ESO MEAS SEH 9 IR PINOW anya ox avED koe eq jo sequen uy: 80799 90 RO 9 susan 2 Fa Te 91 99208 ays pa ae ‘Gaojompuo9 remnyva nopmyy pee wos sega oy ‘won “Saeppy dure] omy wory poxowzar axe monet ot JO Sos omy ogy UBEIKI9q suoHooMUOD MIDE AE pu SATB, On TH (A . Dur porous qos wes oa 4 doy 29 tomy doo ‘rg Sug uy umoye sv ‘oars oy) muqrues mesBEp amt orp 9669 sy “wa nsan999 abmyoy of qutonads 8 sar fe toqy g0R9 os srepMpIOD Oy eayoq pUNEE mE ROIS OMG 3UHy EUS ors ie sp olgo omy, samPApUOD wooaqod eouRIsIEG UOTY[REK] Jo TUS“ iH “DNS Tey) sa9{ oq Proys sew on soaryasas nomenon ou 3g au SarquOm NNTP ES ee sl OB eo “ym meg SRPMS spo gun ey rego Hoy 08 ‘wow nm; 09 jou prnoye sources Kone pasnawoe i uOReLTer ay ey Fuypaoaoy Mesias pormistble leekags curent = 1 = $351 oust Supply wget arth ‘anu permisibla leakage coreat Minimum pemissible insolation reietanes = Phe energy consusnption recorded by the energy mer may esceed the actual consumption. ‘due tothe following renone Creeping of Dise of Energy Meter. This detec cna be detected by putting of the main «witch off"and observing tho movement of the dis of energy meter. When the main switch is ff, the tse ‘The insulation resstanes test described in Art. 54 may be conducted ore than pennisstle one and insulation resistance between veen conductors are not leoor thea that prescribed under IE In completing 8 revelations when a lead f 260 wate fe er fs 1.200 revolutions per kWh, Determine the pexeontege = Nunbere!rvlutions madeby mtr ise ‘Calbaton scar af eter a ae energy consumption = Lad a wats tine in Beas 1,000 = 26 war-bours = 208x © = 20 matt 7 200% = 20 watts, * 100 = 95% Fiat Ane 2% Baga ehy ov always LEX UE. Isao, Eaimatng & Cot 4 What do you men Dy insulation rsietenes ofan iaaallation and nai, ‘celta of ab lewalaon Deve bilby thatch how jou wil pet te ae by mgt ad eat ices ‘West masini Jsbagecurvent Me permisile earn 118 fle? Psev BegprB ag azteca resins of a extn tds 7G Shs of et sree SRE EESIS OSS S o eeet e sien w Saad ? WE Debi Bootie saltie, Dsen & Drowing. 198] ip te tests are ‘8 someone with ght and fo iinet fds Hi proce Ll ary sere 9 caper to ‘ori co withthe sine cogneied lout end cate ain hears Mia woe ced var ee fad exe? sand : en the wing and cart i ota whates the wirweter ty steed tte nage are A the eves seep apse er ecreing af ees amigo by anergy matey? IE eosin a 8 ther dct easog reusing of exeitive ensvey asa “% zoyerp ut poqssas9p ua09 ApwazTs at pouyep wotoatuee-y 8 poemasrp snap ays uy uaoge 99 Se) se preOG won ‘ae Suowadceame amy j e}mnoayy Se poche ce Ay ge weg en So, valve] [sotine Be perf 0g Te sod StesmaL om aay, aBeyan ‘an amg oy ont pan ted aug Set GY motsemear emo wow tee Drop one oH 9 st yuousTIA BEN jo adeuespeetp 94) fq {29 Sur er wiowe ov ero ous wy pense eed SEPM Seryby oy sata pseu 94 me ong om HOP ON CO “Monod (bo, omy Ur SatAUES ay). TE ay onsen oa 3 Me 81 Ke 309 7 spd emma ‘soon sdeooeenespe ov 29 Ek ne PepmuuED ae sO FUTRPPE T= 0 pausiua ogo pasa axe es a aodeaay wo pores 2 orn TE omg O sudeqacapeerp Suvsoyoy Ste anp swan Fate seco ‘ (oco8 5 pos ou pu rane Haga aoe ? rom all oio008 my spon Tun eR, ‘Bu Lair, SoUaNaatoo wnempeut 30) pod poTepoees om oy per upear Adans-oMy OF “aige> Ky ae SHNIND-Gng Susgysry Big 67, @ Three Lamps an + Controlled By Individual Switches, The wi oi, connection dingrain of 8 lame and one cet ole ‘onteolied by Sniicual witehes innings aystem, & is shown in Fig. 68 7 2, ) @ Ono Lamp, One Fan and One Socket Outlet’ an “ GontroHied By Individual Switches. The Tivo Lamps Conrolted By coaneeton diagram of on lain one fan and cine dual reese “* aocket outlet controlled hy individual switches is ne'er _ Shown is 82 EE se 3 Lamps and One Socht Outlet Conelad One Lamp, One sand One Socket ‘By Indiuiuat Suatches utes Cndrted By Iedviuad Suatches Fg 68 iy 69 [eA TWoWwaveSwinichiN: BATWOWANSwiTCHiNG: diagram will be described in connected aa sho. ee uty es EUR aa o sd eee og ty “Yevsocnp est ving oy Soames sy wo azef pos pe sah puw souayos Surgy diy bu ty serum 129 Pepe () joa ems {is woie- ood your ue yaaa gg ax ae iq sod sama ‘wonszociena 33 top Sez, ‘boo'e wer annus amesdenoy Futyaow abe Anscoon a 3 fauororgo sou a0 “damm f, SI PHIG pae ApInb so 1 ‘selucer] porna sep % sgh. aosrodoad Sp sopump oy) amqviodltiog ames om We Sry pear sures jo syuowneTy omg 20, Feouy on Pes yormy 30 aay ituoy Burpee 944 ‘Souda oy yuazan quoureyy ey 7 exe + 4 =F ol Wr = tome 9 bg youeHgy toned oy, eRpes 6a 6 go49 ae pares ou wena 68 2 punoy sy BoE oT wo Heme xy jo rauTeIp () suas oY €8 (faME ge 24 fees guoLs pao oByou exp andy Sczpuatig, sunesdae, 83 % 9 Jo uoponpar “pueg oq F870 "09 Aq due amp Jo a7 94 STP HOS FH S508. sino EEDA, ap som: uy -aBeyos femeselo: gp tame may reden asys 94jSuope 901 apLsoil ey 9 odp )sHIe {womppysr oy spene Soop Says aggro ee outdo ~0a.ygeruapy uopoy “Ret ns oven pepe em Uv RG epg wpe ge Bla ewe elgdiare PS efop‘ainuges ‘aerzeo ye AEWA eqs wy epEOA Sopa doary—> giOK SF RU Runes Jeped pe son op en rya soe ses ae pas expend “quo, SER Larios remote spo. dae) “etd so 1h poRONE Top erg aSey pk ‘SOW TONERD 6 SSEAER > Ppa mG p.m. mola inde You AU bese GaO FBI i : i og $8 NED HMI. 20 avy aay a2e og | es Sno 3 le v-myc PAA coral oun ag’ aoe ‘wmnuaepan speaH) speuny G aon 9 muneacens pee RN spe © ALON #9) woernday 2p p> sem pe etog Sp pe ny @ SLON 20 spre pre pee mde ‘ogee oneae sig %” sta Guidoncs—A. good vial guinoe f required epi in lng ezelches of tho ‘ead and even nore om completed nteazetins oundaboita, ele Mot ofthe fog raneo auidancoioffered by the lemiacires.S, 1304. Design. “s : {nyo For Roade—The design pacing aud whunn heights ce governed by the rond-widch ani th lactation ofthe road. 5 _Leyout Por Pyovere—(6 Th desig and column bsght fr fyovers aro governed by the ligoat of yer height above normal ground level ani th wth the low level zoude, The spacing may be govarmod by the structnal desig. (©) Lighta mounted on the electric pole pylons sbal nat uso an obstruct Foc giving and parting aircraft rom an aeroomein.trms of etc inet pi i= SS ee (Olt epertalanty itportant to cai that light eam over vith the ground lighting of th Right othe by the pilots. Pllewing condense In care roads are not parle to landing tip. (0 Wain design and spatng of ehimas isnot recommended. landing: strips, no lighting should be provided on the streteh of roed near the landing strip. ko, rver or ona an ithe iting i ited, if poral, on he watende @) Economy (determined by hum and @ Dinessone ofthe ghtoeurenesd Ms 5, 5 Coloureharactritics ‘Te sates nnrsally eed in publi lighting ae + @ Incendesount lames, : © Met cnet and bich jerry apar lng © High presoure inercury vapour amps with clear or Huorescent bulbs. sometimes Be employed in need for ballast required for $e ssc 18 Gorn» as wee» Es» —_"suoroniiaye pus avon ae monejo 20a fyepnda ‘Kouaiats oreo pnee ee ae ‘seoune seaadeun 2 EAB NOE we se 6 py, ; ea tn Bg ait cn pale roeN oar oe ee pepees oan ee Fe geass ME Bras Sento wee aa eee Foes vox pogunnErbauaop am way oe bo aor Spc eters (iting by eummntonal ert ghtng fethaige Gop jars (0) Goes princes w ‘Boge mises on, bigh mats ie $6 2 Aeagy rel of itumonace (tay in tex] $10 7 } ‘18. Power Installation Requirements Th ign apts of public Highg ‘notallatinn.notonly. take Sula :acoaunt the ‘lumina principle Wat. uo coouaiis ‘sanilerations giving allowance for cost of oletrical coca nits, alle dust, switching, ete. 2108. Lamps and Luminaives. Al! lamps end lumiasires an other fittings ueed in public lighiagintaBations shall confonea to the relevant Lin Sunda lighting ae differnt ftom that of intevck ighting, Alias bt, hence of Supjon ap x0 woMuanyE macy of 91 oxy Sase>ae0y9 0 ogea ne Buneay paw Sa] swonvoRdde oxoss stomps gi vonireaey to 30 ssc cpsnao oy soqem sda] mi oye NY ot Fo ren "pe aN o noUlY wend w 1] woNdaTIU JAN TEL OOM ‘uno seven Bony ase acy sakeye/pe Zed wy out oy pute) Ua Stu oBueop umpor paw node sano RuiyBe7 s90sh9 404 sduiny Jo sade, erp qa oe pan 2598s ipo a 29801 205 9H OY 1:9) yy oxo. 4 [P89 topeamNgY‘suoRouRE poos pav saute Suyddou suezzodur “24 “euenere}oe, Y S388 a seenotrmees Sunyds soon jo sey a wdn eptedop poambos aout Sh “Sdary Jo wySpoE Buptmoyy pus PupytyT wows tox pour] uoROumT

‘Pia soap amr sin puotey son remaca pu ane re pss acme nua bone oD. “BPR on 9g ae fa 4M ST £0 prasudte oxo dex jo prsoq wonnaee aed sgmey pons eng eva wpe een sq Tu gy pons agen See Jo sry ‘PH OLY A ve pasa oat ie aay pee tape one pot eatatens oe ‘ited 1 Bushy map Jo oe ‘ton omg any asa ou gg go ‘Pwr ret uci PU of paso eu yal MGA e ent on nue ae sagt 28 SOMOAESPEP Weve puEpxvoq ye tata por 4 Jen sendy G1 tad Seesmic te Te 0 4 aopwo aN ape O59 ew eee ae yy on say VE gece vo ay AO sbi Slds Bopumesy ee Laag Cire Chow: Leng imag + lease tron booed to Ly = ‘Rlatpposit ag wed in jints 19% = 1269 metres SRA PIC cma ei 43 + 8 oictor, a Semrstadaen rat intbond 0, =2429+15 4202790 rom yw Fy = 15 #14 Circuit No 2. "MORNIN BO aotanE agp gj Ye +) name, i une —____ fs e089 3s Im agyewey aq [cof eove] Tek pry xnav [fea] sestibnn on "anc | core} ee 20's aor] td ten 8 x ene 3 ole iL a eu 'elel ala] « IE geen on op ees ae farlal w|@| on Sete nn ier wo oe ea ee ae = [s/s] & CONS: Ang. o 08] 9872) Frog pune) pee (eet eee (aes 5a] xem on] ours) ey. ee jae fw ee | | oo] 06 ama joe | = is - 00) ot} o> foo] ore Aedes joa} op Jantar | op ols srsecey ater ola |» cles | lal eu : eye ioe |e i 00} con! 9p | eo} ose Ailing, led | | foot | wo] afr | se 5 @] ct | mmmtacognn cipal 4 “89h W309 of pepo joo Je faye | oe] os Seatemnsesgeetp ag | wa. | 0? Foot oe aamy is eee ofan | Lo fig + om] 5 ioqeg wren poses] = foclee ] | oor ‘ evww'vsconmenentn | ¢ oad hg lp |= Jal» oa cowrselealo | fale fe] + i ] 0] | & La 29 eee ‘ ened | sl sieved o : eh ee same + | win sea} oofos | op ‘gee epg poom x0H5| 4 4 Pesoaurg ear rtig| saax| oo} oco | oe Jolene oh ' whe | wlele . . ‘gum aaj o0|oce | ep | onfaoe | op ‘pavog connquasi ad pgp i 00] sar | eo} oof say Aiag > peasy : 8 5 saad} F ‘ ore {+ |eyetinmntiates cola |refafer.[] | sera cue vt eas Bel 2 ; SS ao Yar naaypnsee | x c ‘SHYLA TaAN8 20 SISVa ANE NO sEVINIEE > SALYL SAN NEKO SiSVa AHN. NO AUVNLLSA a i Seem pnts coma 4. then sa nd 3 ‘Ato ra, we set on od Sant et ke iad ocet, = 22-24 Hw 20¥, 14, DE ee oy Sane ny ea ‘eid tearm saniion oie Sir ore GOV pe PV ce tvng fi cnn 1 sop a Stet cia coc somo i the oight of main boned snd ewiteboard = 2.6 metres Hight of easing cepging rim = 8 metres ‘ ‘eight of bricket light point = 24 metres ‘Tho dstoce of miter board (MR) from the frout wall (in hall) = 0.2 metre ‘The wing plan is chown in Pig. 86 + “Length of PVC Casing-Capptog um moter board to main board =0.21m ram meter board to ewitch board SB = 15-42 {15 = 6m ‘Veréeal um to ceiling in hall (above 6B,) = 36 - 302 Vertes rn to eiing in oom = 0.8 metre ‘un along coding im room = 2.7 strat ‘Pola Ingth of easagcapping = 0245 +064 72412412 442 +06 . 27 43 = MAI metre 7 Wastage and lagth ued in jint (5%) = 2.6 mates as) ‘Total = 211m = 281m Gay) Senmetina ara taken from SB, to SB, and trom light yt to by through 19 rm conduit. ones Lngth of cond Sastre Brom SB to ight plat Ly «26-4 08 + 1 + Length of Neuteat Wire (15s, shuminiu, conductor, ‘tal length = 08445+81 4-8, : 5429 metres ‘Wastage and ext wire at distribution boards 86 memes - ‘Total engeh = 81.5 metres 0.28 +42+445 48% singe dore 850 V grade PVC cable) From meter tour to esi board = 0. ‘rom maia bord lo fen peint F 64245 66m From faa pint F to Fgh pont 1, Pro int Ly tit pint 2m ‘rom light point Iw owitahbcnd SB, Salm 1s 585m Tots ‘Tota eneth neutral =515 4 Length of Earth Wire required (14 WG From mete! board to main beerd = O-setre From math boatd to switchboard SB, =154 2416 © 5m From switchboard SB, to switchtoard SB, = 0:26 m “Teta length ruled including wastage = 6m = puny aoe fefafefa asa nmeporengnias accra y et fret stan na soge pon ameeey | 9 re. le a ons oa Poco a (= oa SNe aw oop oe | op | oe “fool oe | dot fools foe | cor oly lalate wl « 1 yom pee % \ yore \ oetlates (iel)atael | Ml eee eal Sap | siae fa] racism)» L 2 ao femlay sx [me] feomrstns ena se tga ola |= fle fo] w | neeaartrmrees| rea 2 x 3 ca =o — al a Eiole [elelee few] «| nremremcntoame| » oo} rs | 84 joola | ay | co ‘fora ter} 94 19 pag PT] joe | falar |e | S| aeathereameonsn| = st o}oe [o=lelae [=| 1 | wormairtret| ‘Mier ef ight points = 8 unbr of fn pints = 9 E ‘Nambi ofplag dockets = 4 ‘Total somber of pointe = 15 - sent Bt ISesmmendaton of ISI tho wastage of each Neotel 8 pointe (rom no. 2, Maxim lad So 171.80 mm fr 2:6 curren carping capacky of 19 6A, DPIC sei en with ductor, single cre, GSO grade PYC cable Beving supplies metar board t eoneume’s sain tend ink of any. make approved by IS wl be used es main 2 rar, 20¥, 168 IC dtribution board (MCB type) of any make approved by 18 will te sed ‘8 tin dhtibation bon rom light pit 1y io svuaboord 8, From toke of point for Khan ight by to ent 9m of siso 19 nmi x 18am Cireuit No. ‘rom masin board t take of point fr 291 m of sie 180m x 19.00 rom take of pit Sr Bight point. tres of sie 19 mo X 12m rom take of eit frit. From. ght pont yo ami 3 ripe Siete ra 86 tense 29 0 ogo eu | T Bia feel ely foe] yp cole |e} ofe || joofse | atfemjan | ay | moist | ilo | ae | om a ole |x| ola [ety ele | elmle |» | o ols |elole |e} & ale folals | a! & ole Lonlole | | } lost | ox} ola | oe | ee oj [late || % wle felon | a} t ote pas Bie zloty ae 2 | craiaoantn tear wlac slate |e | § ‘Sopot ana soe ae] copes | wef ala. | | st | canara ys cotmctera| UE roa ras real eLee | Swix fw | se | eps sor sear oro peg ‘as; ola | | wie elitr 4 FT x BD ST (a) aS Ee] | oz {P| wie |e] ge sesin) o}sa Jew) olen |S] f : moore fas «fag wong te | alae |s) a fypeet+90+ ete Sas 0 prom eae agg cof | elo fa | Sr = prog mer oy poy aa wag oo]se fmol wie | ain |g (Uk 19 OMS FD) 81m mse yo wu 1.60 050m o¢t = Seer = BOL + OtIt = paanbes pHUMY [Hey : roy ser | Be colo, fw | ae eee iapoomaoe pus aesua. 0) of Sawony 00) 008} Fonte fom | ogy I= : ir+ t= 7 maa] > Wee Sey . 908 « | SE [Spel | =| so | “ectctemesnetmecsay | a po x 6+ 4 8 DPI jo + 6 + (aaveq wm gy MEER Yo HPBUAD x Z= ex00¢ 2} co|co2 |» | oofom | @ | (008 GosD pr vegas eae 3 enemas ofa (QuIUT ST) WE OR: YL yo GUE nea ‘Orvor nore Sal aoe S| ro NE pmcmen em | | 1 | wae oan yor ope sey 1 91@82 OA aranpue ante 209 ous (GHEE Oe) WHOOP TA pCO erm orate Rea ere blige pnd eae seupaan ty FO vee Sec ae ere ara te enn IVE wag ‘load ata Ktrel plas to be provided "lew “A Height of disribation board = 2m above fot level 2 Height of switchboards =1.5. shove foe level 2. Height of batten ran = low the ceiling except in bath and verandahs where below the etn tion ‘Total ws pointe = "AG per recamendation of SE the mcketa) maybe taken a 60 W for the Connected load = ‘Since maximum namber of points ‘F800, to ieta wil be vsed. Cir sn Kien) and 9 hua lsd of 430 W ‘and bth Verandshs gn be connected in ose cireut is 10 and main Yad ‘a. 1 wil conto 7 pointe (Baom No. t, sastway, sone ‘and circuit no. 2 will ented & pointe Qtare Neg Bak ctor single core 650V gra aad neutral wines beyond Foams fot ate ES] “eran: veto Pos of Bing We eit saemnte crete poo ANyoeyy en aS GET) ERO T/L JO GELS BPN 1MND Leg woWPENT AHEM Bray 6p su as sr 3) Og Jo ABU me 7 a sss = peg top URE oF BoA ZqEHG 1 oq tat aya poms aNeHR oR, 1 Gteuteal Wirey 7 ‘From main diviribation to switchboard 8B, ‘From switchboard $B, to ight point’ Ly ‘eo light point Ly to fem pot ¥, From joint bon J to stale ght pont ly = 2.6m ‘ro joint tox J, to light pont Ty fa store © L0-+ 1.5 = 2502 From light poit L, to switttbened 8B, = 2.0 +104 20= 4a ‘From ovizehbuard SB, to light pot Dy = 20+ 0.5 = 25m, ‘Total length of neusal wits used in cnt no. 2 = 064 2.54 9445425425 eae . HAbSa om Girt N2 Otondsa Winey) 7 7 7 ‘ro min distribution board to joint bor J front, vecandsh 1 S1S+549=05m, ‘rom foint bor Jf smithboard BB, = 1.0+20 = Sm From joint hoe J, to Bight point Ly = 2.010 ‘ rom jeint bor Jy to owitchberd SBy = 3.0 + 20= 3m From switchboard SH, to Tighe yoint ly = 20+ 20 4m Brom light psint Ig to fan point Fy = 2.600 From light point 1, w switchboard SH, =20+05 +202 45m From evitehboasd BB, Hight From light point by to light pi ‘Toial length of noutal wire wed in crit Length of Birth Wie (4 86 OF Wire) From mer bdo msn itruton Boned = in Great. 2 rom main desibuton bad to aiehhard 8B, = stove the eiehtond SB) te eikuar? SD = Cixi No ‘Total length of eth wire = 05495 + 120+ 180425465 oe Say about Ske 240 grads, 164, DPIC ewitch 2:Way, 240. 28,1 dintsbtion beard (HCE typ) Sa 60 Vem somthconnhn moc e PV Cie 0 ts 14.20 ‘Lah simishomccer cng 6S Gt wierd win) Bietigdebe wth mats dba Rigid onde 68 WO 1iundimater EV Ceondatipe wien tenis, eoupings coder Yak woud boards complete with PYG shee ee () Rou ek em 286m Piaaoewitcbs., omy, 2407 sure ype Plogsoe 8 pia, 2904 Bras brarkta wi holders Cairo 2 te SABVC etter aege PVC Peak wd gation. 2 cn Comes sand, pan arih, aie che aoe) = ead ese 3 * iw es Eres. (2 & 8 = & & e eeeep 5 Ses Seess fF setts BEE Exwes eee S686 & BbEEE Ses sseee Ff sesee mpm I f ? boar dag 9 00 por po Contigo 5% Bees les as= 1 eit a ti poniag sa esau pus aroye ee posn qT 1982 ad "eR AO oa Aides auo9tg 9 64 poEN oF MUA sae 980 Soo “PERO! tidy Soa ‘em any SF wane ype 3 prey og of fate pUE Sonim et BF 9004 BJO MEE ‘sod ouaiste 2 7 step aR egoteAH at =HLOS ‘sn o¥G 1 ens oF oaeyd aS “QUE 3) sorea wan sing wf Wangs.er om Jo Lele Gy ay ony 0 Rapes PPE Uenisepres By aurana yA aor pasnbax aera zyomy pow (visser Zo Astyeend oy emer z woes» -%4 08 tn0 somoo, 2300 pnrumee jin om o© “Pump om HY eeonod auUHE aay eee man LEN Seats OES Height of bation fm = 3 metres Fight of main oard = 1.5 metres, ae given Bight of awitcher and avtehioerd = 19 metres 7 Hei it brackets =2.0 metres, ap givon Position of sppior meter oar, comsuer tsi board, owitehbosrda an light pint fs pointa sre shown inthe wining pln (ig. £16) Length of Batten From mer bord to main bard = 02 metre of size 19mm x 19mm ireuit No.1 to take of peat far evtiboard $B, - = cs SEBS 124 26 = 58m thai mm AS er nt fo, emitehBonrd SB, to Ut brackat Ly ‘ < SS241= 99m of sae 19mm an rom tabo of ‘rom take off prot for ovthboand SB, 10 18m * 1am ‘rom awitchbourd 8B, to ight brace: rom light bracket Ly ofan F, "Bro fan Ft ight bruckt fy = 25 41.5 = 4 mettes of size 19mm ¥ 18m Ciceatt No.2 ‘rom main board.to tae of point for Hight bracket I 154194725 9.06 m of wee 18mm x 19.0 ‘rom tak off point for ight bracket fo Uibt racket ‘1 metre of sie min x 18m ely Veit dp for _Hoviapts rm frit pi Land rea joo 19mm % 13m Horizontal ran fae ight pint by and vextal drop to ght point Ly | js an fllowe: ~~ 9.9 = 05.2 > 50 métree (ey) 1.0 = 48.00 metre (oy) 28 am 246m = 2.5 metre (3) oon 03 = 1.7 m= 2 matzo (ay) 0.3-= 8.9 metres Wastigs 10% = 0.4 metro ‘Total Hust required a 4.8 metres a 1 Lenath of 2.5 mm single cor, Al ender, 80 V grade PVG soho | : = DB matre Tk Length of 11.40 ming coe, Al niduter, 656 grade PVO eae LT BRAT SOx 400440 FOxDe Te Les OKs, Allowing 16% for wastage ind comes ‘Toil lergth required = 350.2 m; sey 950 motroe Length of Barth Wire (14 SW0 Gt vip ugh x 9 9¢ 2218 36 Brw03 PHIM ou, cy a co © =a sm ea ah clon for] x cols slo lo) olor fo) @ |» | co ole ele || colort tafe |e | cy fom ma ou.sor seer C9 res are 4 sire tng joke | a fole fm | art nt S80 OME = 08 x 8 + 09. TL = Pee FooURIOD ese ey || 3 ony 08 Ch Ticino f° sant ore cle [Set] 11 sae aga yo sega ‘ eyed we Bus owt | op fools | {PEL P¥9 Fee 09 7 TST. porconmioas va EDA we; pe ay Jp Su Sores + ee oe | jels | : 7 sole ann 3a : sito | er i 7 cole: | pe eakes {2 jae colsce | oor Joo]sz | or | oe ojos | oe foolee | op) + oles | om fooler | or) > color | on feolsr | oo | x fore | op Joo} aa | op | ox ofee_[erelacler [xox] oe | stn arame non vs renee oma peters Uisng pei chown in Wig 17 from where number snd types of end bane can Ye easly secormined. Fy tu 1C board with masonite cover of size S0em x AS may be wot Naber of Poros roqured'= at pointe masked inthe wiring plan} [Number of anglobares zequired = Number of straight though bores required = 6 Number of vay intersection bres required = 2 (et Fy From Fy to Ly (19 ma carrying 2 wies) = 810 Length of 19 um conduit = 0240246241414 1549447 *1S+S6415 42+ Seer s48 Nanber af recangular br 750m x 15x =1 Provided on the cling ia WC a loping bx), Tt hes two entries fr conduit. ide, one for conduit from professes rom andthe seco fr ‘nduit oawich in WC, On the oor sie it has entry for conduit to Heh plat 5 Assume ‘sight cua = 25 Height of min board = 1.6 m : light of eviteh boards = 2.9 fx eight of pindant lights = 25 m ilght of pendant fare = 2.6 ‘Thickness of walls = 0.3 Length of 18m conduit soquivad © 72.6 + 1.75 = eS eapio2on Length of 25 mm conduit required = 18.9 + 2.30 = 16:30 Length of Conduit. Frown metro board (191mm carping twin care cable) = 0.2m ircait No.1 ‘From iain distribution board fo 8B, (19:om carrying 2 wires) = 03m. From $B, to ee box 19m Frou Thx to intarostion box at rom pot P to opi ‘ows dep fiom cling switch From by oboe in Jeers Fre ‘Aiding 15% for vastage and leogth ws Teagth of 25mn#, PVC alueiatun, From Ly to P, (8.2mm carving 2 ‘| From Thor in lecture hall to $B, (25 mm eatryng 7 winea) = 1.84-47= 62m Circuit No.1 From muin distribution board to 8B, (19mm carving two wires) From swith board SB, to Fy (25 a exsrying 30 vite 25mm conduit will be onsested to that 4 reducers willbe vomited tg ere sh prmucdeosiy mows eZ Pe eee eee ee Sree PUNE oer spenrfcuy te ar feuip-ofwy pour afoot Preteneneioucor| ay | og : nae seoneeomecmpe| gp | a eo ¢ 6 @ seusupasipreaee| op |e Provan] @ | © 6 © @ | Nes] oe fot Tasemtasmy| oe | x eo @ @ 6 | aft eo © @ © a] eo o @© @ @ roy ee wep lgguer gag” ag woa yagi we'pisemaet| oo | ot ‘won faery jo wanna yo wens “PERG 4 THM “A OOT 29 Hone ‘ode, oy Oe, ial ele * 4 wee 0 "as batted 2 rm as 95 e005 ‘eoproaesareme peng | pong so mae "eserves Palnbaiaigeaagy ~~ SM PHS BO eBoy NaSP= EN cmaIq Sh = .6 = pountar sau Jo segue poy Pear oaseees ea tie eg exer 9 eg = OP MPR oN ue Se 7 ts] @ | = 26 0 i pena sss so 0 eeenps9 | = Gp = SBE BN, oY Te adam Jp aA, . | + seer gt cams sesso mp | 1 By So eeastxee oe |: weatxmmg asqamauepey (| oes US x wie ANE = ede cay woeasoy SUMED EEN wie saree fea OO = GET = pambes sda] Jo afeye8 ecleee aoe Gaaae = Pemba tren pray we |e seq wean nares Cn] emo isa x 228, ew |e sey 6) wm U8» Sasa * RY * zit mo) : o anpuco msn gr agen pe | aa huptretrsass00} op | ‘ened soon duet apeag | ‘epee spt yor agocg |op dae. ted sitting | 3. pe Omen] me |r | diangmsapnacaniqan Bearond'g Fe ya 8 ¢——+——_ vor | at | Gets eng) sae actu Sune Ae YA 9, dete eect eexersext| @ bow mmgsrorzsmnonesy | 9 ce ce | a» | aeqnasrengceosngusge no se serge |g a |e spam gr pimpias sid axon |» sonoe | st ‘pu gzjeampa toa aot ¢ ‘2apye jo 1909 squmneo pun Busta Jo rosy ee ma (egy enb0 peg _petdaat sda 79 eoseSuease wi noms pee dom Gor * massi nerep e477 OT'AOvE S| Suleg sutual{maenrcton ye atana os aeeoueg sang woiesetany pase Me SBD aaa ne nde gene ounesy “id Boho Waal Seen ee atage = 4500 Bums tage = 220 Gomme) Patent cnet = 488 0 rsa Sic the anima mabe et ina cit jo nob to xed en aml wim ad nace nf ‘ela ncn OW, ec cet nt ntling 1 pints hy Lp by gly td Ly), cat ne 2 cooteling pity Ly By ay Dy 881, tos na, Beitrag at yp Ly ky Ig ng and Ly) creat 20, & emtrling 8 poets Es Gap lay ap ag lng play andl) and 5=3 x 1, Brava X44 Bx 442 xex HA A50u For coat om 4 end 0= 38K 154940744064 043 x442x4% 62 400m [Tt ogi raid = 82 + 16 3.82 + 456 + 420 = 1056 ‘astage and for sonetoes 10% = 108m" ‘Total 2,162 a 324. 240V.-DEC evs vat. haes |. | aw}. 900 [a0 fron Pech Gewas, 240, 404, flan MCD opi spate with ion tra monet | 1° Ta |n00'1001 ae | nscale me Layo Tigy Ing tnd 1g) wile wand Wing plan i shows in Fig 820, ‘Since maximum load curent ie 18.75. aad there NCBs SA, 200%, 8:4 tating |g piven i 8 5 = se sx crt, 40, 24, DPI ewich fsb of mg make spproved by 15 may be used as asain vtch and @:may, 240, 16 Asay IC dicebation beatd of [MOB type of sty make nprved by 15 wil be word as ‘ain dsteibeton boasd. FOr PF FOL Oe @ 2 ‘ 6 G 1 8 1.80 am (or 25ma®) engl care, 50V grado, ig. 820 sluminiun emactar PV cablabaving crest carting ‘capacity of 15, willbe ued beyond the dition Doar, Length of 2 mm dlamcier heavy gauge rigid conduit rom meter bosrd te mein board rom mi toad to switch Fourds 1 and 2 * eight of win bard and switch Hoard trom ground = 1.6m ‘nd length of down Qropa = 3 = 1.5 = 1.52 ‘roma sais board to itch baiede 8 and 4 = 4m eee fees § e * 6 ™ Length of PVC eae of sine an? Length of PVC cae of sive 25 ma? rom main board to switchbornds SB, and SB, = ¢ x 2 From mia board to evitchberde SB, und SB, = 4 = 4 rom main bord to sitcharda Si and SB, = 4 > 20, cation of th above ines hall providiag, agreme entey of mata, Fe gece Seqoyns ny proto 9 ane es poe gE 3 “pas 8 OW rg hy wt ua a oy eMou 32009 34 pew 0g pues rev ng ue 8.98 OH maERND eng prRaUD Jo = 1 oh SELES ee ees ope one pee ome aoa paapeatous yea og ° 3 i SNOT Peg woRNGLeN HN of punog ioe WON) weep sal HUET oe : : we hy yee re raat Stax 9 doy 1 Jo v4 ‘ a Gy eee G car RVC cle, 11.12 man wil be wad fae dacs of eli Tihs and exe Groin. ect i pinn, Sy peered ats satan ies ni ete te ach baving 8 points) ta be eonoled Be om ‘Brough individual evitohes fe ii vty Ss sitehbonris SB, By SBy and SB (our im a on sech bea. The pest of Sih malas we a, 2 OHH o boutde end fang ia shown fn Pigs 821 ois, are Hf 20d 822 respectively ry sie Giseuit agra for 4 fans, Py PB Fy __™ A Af To, sorts ff sSareN ay eee sy BRE, ‘GRGLITHDH FoR GRD RLGOR aha a a 1 Gow aot Tagtnt Gn cma depts Sr Dram Ts Gand Pr stn ne Aah the ln ep eng : tan rm einen ig 22 Bor sheraing the 24 al btery trough ante eker Batary wil usd for spy ting hl tad xt ht 8 on ech nce are x90 foo a hs ceue gram vl be one as shown in Big. £24 PVC el, 10818 mm siglo, S80V ga, oe wil be an fam meter ba tp MDB Droit aa ch ti Bi 4 ade m0 ‘long the walls 1218 +06409409=533.m 6 +202 = UBT | VO cable, 20.736 mm 65DV grade i conduit. Wires for eet Nes 18, © of 18mm. The wires for cuits No.4 6,6 nd 7 wl be faeat Bex8o9 por Boers wnesNE Fa Le) t+ tse A on frond gn ES is6t Hon Rormesg pee sym tee A “a See 1 0 3 9 srt Sena p Ay LOH BEEN Ra pouNbAS TED =m ARR. YP ‘PRA em a) Soper ung esd uomaenes Sepa ae ‘yesnbar Bizz. omt ge eee af anmapd gy awe meng 30 austen pep moo op “snaa fo t Hoe moma ena] ‘swe sora] me Srey w 95 86 on er | san 9 {Wied Pak Bae Gin wo 3 ‘Ga 19 DAD om eae onic eg secon pan Spey Gav) tein Sop ‘er Fa 17 So) aiaialal | aiel a CUO = oO xg +90L x =a oR we GY ARE OAIP WT "Gam sony = weap = poate cao, fy, 10 = ot “suoproduns ey paon porate Tuo Fee xe osx 4 ouRe = "om oer me ona Her os) woge't = STI = Ore + 6TOFT = Panes EE, (OL, sanowrore = SL suop2OIN wy pom PEN oS ROTO = xexYSxEeomREFIEXEs BYKEFEDKEHTE SE xGe TERPS Waxes gt xz = TBESGLOIE 1 Oi ‘Om ate 30 REET (6s move mgy ET s= “wir ate ees on 0 hun > to, 6 Death cnc chet and pepe etnata with cot for guany of matrl sued Beg. ‘ing wig In «hats. Pie ef bona i even In fap ee tps TEE. UP. Mlctrieal Design, ‘© Me leno hn ign in ig sed w pide the pen! TF smc OF CeRING «3.5 or Re ma. Sudan .h movil wid 2b ihe, 2 bbe ad ene fan of rang a teat av Sketch the whinging, prepare th lt af sataralroquined and coach ooe 10, Plan of seal house sais ia Pig. Te hes syste. A100 W pg sl ale tb eve BTR UR, Hetil Design, Drs Batiasog—h 20 f= sot tp cor —— weogsinaso semicon ou ooo : ~ : uest 1 Sener pee Souurag apo LS a EL et } “ousiew nag) nee on “REN gp a eT epanaeg, NT shee gt Gt ary ona “ow 1 sent or yepot sm eR Tem op a ‘Electrical Installation Power circuits ean bo divided into two main eategoriea, 6) Power cinenita for heaters, coolers, refrigerators air-conditioners and other siiar Toads Tr aetoinnined wate, For Power Cirenits - (© cach incomingfoutgong circuit controlled by a euitable means (automatic circuit braoker or linked gvitch and cutouta), id eath outgoing creat may ‘controlling a single S-phase lnid or a group of such ircults feed different aab re agus us a0 ey wo f oysor3 oq pum mo ojo a9, “paods ‘NYA mcd 19 91 ag) anod ease, saod 99/9 pam Aoustoug a ad 09 sees: Suguyesaz jo au9sm pon ry md aes) aye ovo ‘samo 30 dnox8 w Susoriues ysnae awa SF wopssasdxe Suymoyes so wan saoju 0 ary 0} uBLINO ged Jo HON 0 yonbo 09 oy 9nd eowton 4 go ps AnoaIome OL 1 A OVE ‘oH “aeeyd apdins dy g yo sng on 30 Bape wane a 0 atmo 30 oygso paw Ajejes quesma Bunz" ks 9 Same ‘omy quoting Butrens 081%] Afon 8 ont Boye a z1 04 -yaosaro Suits soo wo smn Jo Same quazana ue stoyour Jo ung twetzoc uo pore og [gm ag OSU auDE=TO atp POOL Ry Feaiaon sng Wey soseo} suet Supe ey aoe ApeddD JO sxezem og) “pause oq set eTEIOd RuyMOTEY a 3 ‘sige oxy 30 Super oRY cous Um ayaxd aq amy aif Jo AUTTE! om Placye sft ow uy "uoxmo Suz wo pose og Bons Fue AG ING Jojo ome yo yNaLIND Props wsaou q3-uo posng oq Kea pmo} edes 29 SEU Jo BeyET FOsITo oH] OL ee ~ Saga Zoacd 2 porn 9 guuNo vanquTaUnE uN OBL {Pio doo ura 916° 0rg roy a {8 so 9p (ouyox) dy OF “HDA goa © Yonnbax guseang om 4 (r6) “a ang pouty Joao ae por aTZOAA HOUR “(oNspUorDn JTS erqus-avioupuoo' redo: ay pera gry pal safes Zoronpucs. waren {8 97 Bugsy sossrt 205 poen aq ee HH eNpaNE yo WORN oeox9 uA “sioqou opeandas 2 eynpun eee w 04 oT SoG Jo SULT (8) ¢ oamesorssojesado ert oy SoTUAN paste wy 9 CgssN|AE pos pA og) “SMono} £€ won s em ua op od 28 300 zou 48 s1oou asodnd yopade noun eaopOM"saAain 06 0 do ftrrepesd soot puo dy g pre ¢ wooaseg sfemes Jo ur 1 noen30q SduyEE Jo sxoice ay KEL 01 MOL tay “dy Fee MN TT soveq pray guy 9170 onoge 444510 oy du Dae, (rojo weryompuy Htna-diys Jo asvo us sann, eomegRSae MyOX 40} exeyrayS-roMTANJSTON Se ‘4 Tho main evitch, motor switch aad tarter shall be mounted round lvl, - & Bee cuth wire willbe rm sie by sie for earthing the mor, sare aad ethan Suen caving copay 28, “6 The motor ehall bo failed im sutala foundation, 0.2 m above the Noor lee, carrying capscity 15 A, 1280 mm abueinivg, 1. Mota tian 855 an power fr 0.8 fanned 27 8 or 1/1.80 mm alumina conductor cable S604 power facta 08 Ga ‘of current caning capacity 1 copper conductor abo cf eoreateayiag ‘capacity 20 Aor 72.24 mm, luctor cable of curreat carrying capacity 208 Le f | ‘capacity up 10 0.75 kW, between 0.75 kW and 11.0kW and above 11 EW direct-online _ appre rer ade ame: dae ape For staring Fe nt ‘of slipringindaction motors of high ratings rotor resistanoe starter i U etc arai ‘From mtr board te main bard = 03 m ‘From main board to moter swith (mounted Indetio’ motor ic to be lata in workshop the pla ‘Length of 31mm HG Condit Fron metar starter to Below proved Along greed up to nation Up t top of saat ounation or ola [a Taye > eles fo ae : s: wiles fon Leelee | : colsiee! 2 18/3, oe ee fonfewe |e fon se « |e Ia a ; ms alo i aye ae hag 5 fe o| see | pea ve eee. : | so Sanva ovequitwans 0 sisyaaiino ‘Peiuviusa ees el = [=| rou cane a ‘ution els Ef] we gare ag ete gr melee 0] ore | Sy ens eger | tos ene i Choe co] are wm | on ova] coz |g -| sae ol oe Simon meu peewee owe ‘ony ayn ence ee | xe exo Twine Sat | ue oor Jax joke | ae | ee es) Sie jae jaye fren | se WRG! JOSIYESILNO FeanvmUss to} fewfoadas face] oa ane gua pera] 6 ‘suv aon Se jeejoals, [soe] °F | ama guns yp eared 2 (es) sn 09» renee en = (4 SEO +E Hee) = aon “fw feo ann fame | $ = to] Lok ue |e a ofow Pe yeoee | eh jem | oles | elo cto] wt srt et pc i mon ae {a+ | Jot] owe] oe | 2) | anoexmnon recs anne | ales ma aoaane Henan nn Sj Re Oy Poe Se ae jx}sex_ foe fon] r= Yom] ont 2 sae mma | see ee Se grees a cofost Jor Joolar Jor | ct | apg yoe anc cine | 2 (in) spe Ge = gE = oe sols “heel olee oe |e ond wes st ete = 101 soem yp ati cof fos | ws ex seg among! 9 GEE sap mee : Terman sn | Ht Sap =F EOE = mq nmin Age ates ej ve fom on se emp reevear oag Fee OED ES mar me LZ cola || : ‘n= 10 ons e| = “ees ary pg oes oo ie? ost fo | tz ond yon | mses ena eos | poem oma wr gnamma ang Gancy 10 oad monpaos inca ume) tar oP A elt ole ye Neo asear{ = snout ot ypace seed fae Soa ny poten sages Seam gr =e oo Rees Repos ams oe neal (highest rating) a 45 A, therefore, at of om, to Saar use from contol hoard tomer 15 hy, equze a accommodate ‘enducter, 1100 V gexde wil be of oe Sac. wed from min distribution bard cable of Sram}, sluninfam ei i at ef tee 50s and 33 mm salva fr esting TG candi to 15 hp ‘10 mote respectively. Teaath of HG Rigid Conduit of 60 mm sie From meter board to main beard = 03m From contol bon to 18 hp motor to ground, fm Ylow i and then to metr foundation SEM 252m= 36m Gey) * Notes Gales of higher ratings ave takon from mk pln vow 2se2 e6 B85 28 2 838 328 398 se 828 S88 882 888 898 882 isa 383 438 283 382 853 888 888 58 883 ae 82g RAR 82 eae OQEE 242 7-5 cae een one nas 353 33 ‘any wu sp poy aang AO OIA ay eo ae 8 88 saaa on | ool se | o| ov | o| ov | | n 35 (ee 1 DAS 9) 0m Hm ae” 408 (41 WasEBT = SOE + GOST = 301 em towmpuco mye “re 9 J. go> ‘emo ¢ ‘eponpuoo emu “yas g 7o pt] 0 9 oh np OH eaMCND my YoABOE yNPEED ICD HE Og HT. wore ot 59 snow o opus OH Bumpecana an panhon PHC Sfgry MM g 5 HiT +s mgo=srox t= - sinc jx 0 sonia Santis paar WRU RRO Ege po RO ‘ wT = Lé ore rar OND Le Or fess ‘570m O17 pg ozs os pz LoRNEEIND Me ese Bee oes 391 pag fs3t09 0 pv NORGE BRU pw 5c fo rp809 OM fo bey Ges) WEES Bre = 6E0 + Ee TOE - mero= sa see, woz=+rvsteroset= sonepanoy ron corp pres og Bugs cog "pone oy 09 dy Oo Prom RED wa seer tus re Jo mnPweD PiPaL BH JO =) 8. [0 mitts with btw acd ts 27 | oo | asco] an] ae foo 2% | Comm paar a fa] sleo] aot iteloo 9 ew tein nm dae 18 [Sioa trent cart 1 | so | asf0o] & | ss loo Sons | at | de | aslo} ae {os oo 10 | Beige 2 [ot jaa fo] 2 aso foo «fessor vests 10 | | "a fo 81 | Gil Pognceing works Quapenm | se Co Ba ale ecm ete dg aca af He] | asia Iatou cage fr Dying exten | 3000 {00 7 oa soy | 2 Le] soe: Tater Ene eter | nf sah sinofinespttoetines ke 2m fo eh 0 fn Zs “eer char fr ong [A [90 7 6: [sick iinet tamed sis | x | gp : “heal RTD envi na opie Contingencies 8% | 3,908 $38" A y 7 ms jor Pi 63 foo Grae Toft far fe |e Sere eee 7. | Stoply and Ging of 600 x 000 x mm 2 | noo Sy € 0000 fe very wn tay ‘ESTIMATE S2 ONTEDASIS OF SUPPLYTEDANG RATES amp eum as 88 38 Fase 2 | Saaey and fixing of 2m, has ibetn toa GA wi roneee |" | no & 56 See 868 es 88 ee ep 3 = Cmta. eo ne sepatend rato Benn, oan xe doy p09 wo any age wenpLes ET veDs ep jo yum per y ocd Bue asta tone anaaroSuszege ogy ypu ufo wi jp Bese onumaene “Davog ume oy paneg aes nny poe 24 Gee eds tat ance ha he wg bid eal old na ret a top dow asa Fao cntt ed moet ti egal ss 4% Length of core, 2.5 ma" aluminium conductor cable tired. ie Ye Billed up neatly ater ‘es sain onto motor evitch and acer andr moe trtrt enals of ctor wo 8 1 Lang o 251mm dleible cod om in boerd tain svitchboad «0.814 : UT = I31m ‘ength of 25 mim seit edi fom mun sweard to tbuion bowed eOSun Watege 18% = 19 red = 08 Tost = 15m a ipacoiecern Length af Barth Wice (8 SWE GI Wi sound f eee =2 elma of condita = 2* (03 F038 = 132m 2 Length o 10mm conduit um Pg 27 ed 9 Wastage 16% = 230m (From smnin board to switehhoard 1 5409410802418 =1404m . ‘Total = 176.2 (From motor starter to motor terminals (in, 0.2 below ground and then to motor foundation i 7 899 J00'm oF 18 ke. DS m shove Do} S+ 0220+ 02405 44m {ii} From ain Boer to sib 3 (=) From motor starter to motor terminals = 4.4m (i) From asin boned to switehboard 4 (er 1 hp. Td w oy 0m 2 Levgth of 19 mm flexible conduit required fer cmnecting motor itches to motor starters and 10 conduit t» motor torminals, = 4x0844%10252m Wasage 19% = 0.8m Bticnerees were ‘wd eon i 10 [lee pin wt in 10.0! seni snr eo mttaer sosm Wasa 1 as ‘nalseee ‘2 Length of Score, 2.5 min® aluminium senductor. 1) rom at omar sede ss Bebtereerien ae [| Fe ae bene et the ea ato nm cer ls 4 x54 = jor} do | 32 [0 i oda wh td ted mt actrees © a4 =20im foo} do] 24 joo q eneth required = 25.5 +185 +201" [5] | 226 Joo ol | axe Sle] ae fy NOMS A 9 J og song easpomore bog BH Go} poo epee pease “une eiep re NY or myers 0} ps EE woe Woy por og HERE Zz J ADEE S12 smtp umussnge eu Boom OA '9PBEd A QOL ae "potey crea ‘atin wa Baum woman one arf esas seess ¢ 3|ealesle nag © wweg 7 asec Resed i 28 aon 8 ange. ee saddae t¥ € Z Nentocaoi 9 ——— 35 ‘o_o | : pvc msucarepesinata, | =! Fu. 240 a Yeats ad Lend eae st 25 mt shaminm tate ap 6 ea starr and bom starter of sae 5m? clusion condor i & sine r Arrangement of Power Supply To Machines Fy. 313 8. eogth of 18 mm Ronble condit required for coun al the four machines and HG eondlt ta motor ta 9c = Sr md aby oy od 2am wang Ot = ot +e 80+ 09 = “Umeda 04 tou proggoye wong srateses soy oy ans spot wi Pow sates por eae on SSYSST OT ¢ ots 1 v0 pons 0 pneg vorsater mts eg Von nau 999 = preog worngunstp ura of prec “sireap Sera Ts iu Si or G0 eee go) da epommmn o Gee he pn 99 09 st sass Fay Ba a MRE one smo poet oe peop if gk AY Dad oust ong ho ae oppacs sng en pga pn ve way resin soy son aoe esl) martiesiscoswusotsdsorszorste eas m > + g-9u onmpoa 79 prmegqeas oy preoq- uN oly iy optus oan se ad woe=srszovarestezorse aes Herpes pues pow ey sts vega Jo aces Sota ee X= pool yd sey, HON = Oot x 8 = prot dutey “peimee Duets pepuna o fs unas Ut papas pqwonse yp eae MEPS RCI or popuodens aq Tea se oopees “OSC neU 2 cage Ie ne oe IH Yep wa EE : ‘aprersnopdumesy ory Soper XE srapno jo gaunt x 2 = Peanbes er TD OMS &) capa qica ys wary my M=+¥0)x8+004 spore ~ £25 Sener 0 wt way poe mar pes ner mie ata may pte go sanyo mm ae PIT ess. yas = wen, woe sear stm 891 S046 + aber + O11 = pater eno any SEU -OUsyOxtscorera=. toemee 2 Se se cacy ew th Bee St pnd mee eit Ole ves tos sou =z oxcumene stems so dy eH soe, ow oy prog us ag "Pom ght it Light pune Ly = 2.612 rom Uiht pit yf Wpkepint Ly = Bm Steult No.2 rom rain distribution bard to ovilcbnardwn.2= 10 +5 + 1.5 = 15m From swiibond a, 2 ont br dy =45 + 20 = 6.5 m rom joint bed to ight pint Ly = 2.0 m hom jt bt Jy 19 HE: pct Uy = 2.0m + _Foom ont er wont bor, © 20m, From jit ot J ight pity = 2.0 m rom jon br 45 ight pont y= 2.0m * ‘Total lng of emit ih onsets = 4.50 ae Wastage 15 % = 6.68.0 etl = 59.4818 Say 640m Length of single core £6 men aluiisium conductor 656Y grade PVC cable. ‘aay be akon thre tines of conduit leg we in general practon. Hence the length Fquired fbr phase and neutral wire wil b = 3* 640 162m or ny 16D a eusth of exible cord require chang the pendant prints Gig in wrksb the leben af sas 20.168 mm wile ues. ‘The Kage of Hebe crd roid =8 X 2.78 = 22.0 Wasiage 10% = 2.2m eet ‘etal =242 m eas 25.9 ma Length of 18 SWG GI Wice (Barth Wie) ‘ae earth wire in ght conduit wring rat trout slng te conduit ent. So length exch ‘iw used i conduit wiring call equa the length of en ed. 4 Vy, 2.5 ma alueinien Score conductor PVC tle ete G8 ee Fete eb ee teesdivest eeesee sete on hs. aio lo be ee the fe 6 th eh pg e i a8 2 3 Se 888 8s 82 = g ge se Fe recany “egejnn WP yo aoe fag oad 2989 4 O58 ‘nsw “amenpues emer West vg Puweg w Aeumanoeg WORM gy erat ‘Pom 9 6; sony om) ane ip ‘Sot on inenuny depen © age We 1 EE LONOKE Hap mH OAR Je S16 are ein “KORE St gam aE YY 8 em oronap eonmg-reg SEY 4 em mone eee Bure tery 2 area gm ow oon eee caused ©. Hat a} pen oq ue wees congas eames pp mscna “ov srry Sey ool APE MPH SemNI OR poms ken MES Ele Ore ee 1 J ans a9 MON RES Z 1 mt mead set osng esses 2 e 88 228 88 # = gaege @ 08 8g 4898] ee, e2 682 23 2 2 eases 29829 2 3994 404 FE RE aot a ad i dda & a so yy drwy. 9 eno aE | “srpey Ger eye worzey —-—— inna crt wring, state tarda Gannett tom starter send roqed and prepare an etna ef Ul tet 7 RUE IP. Retrial Dasgn, Drang and Raman 19 1A mew Blok of Mate aving Sve Mor inal, and tee ne on each foe is eeppied widen 4@¥, = ‘Satan, 4 wie supply. A 14, glo svi tobe given to cae Dat tough a SOA apc "Bua ented ited sch uk. The ares 2 thes peaoe mols ef egy 21 RW seapectniy, Deere ie fara of dblon you would ital tom the ining 2 rs iovunkeager a seen eons mre io casas onion TE UN Rlecrteal Design, Drawieg and Haat al - 1 Ben of 2 12m X 12m si satel worse nba is ehown in ig 2. Pulling machin howe ‘een installed in the Iaboraay. ‘ Beery machine ie egsipod wih ted evi In the ebrtoy Te a te fal etinate the tlt owt. Hl Plax of Hearse! Machines Laboratory fe Overhead Transinission and Distribution Lines Benesetion voltage ATEY. The primary transmission vl poyreneuesy 09 oy soned yuo] 9x9 wodn Bupasdap ggy 0 opp 24 Leu ae uo 9 par aug umpaxastes ssc depose ayy SPARIp aU Jo, ESE UTA AEE MAG -f0). A 1 ouoave st iy, “Golayonput 28] : AB 09 07 BH OT GOT 30 SS00R9 buoy Sulamy sorz}sapi fuk eauxppq oqqnd “suosyysTHUAIO yeasoIMMOD ase “LOAaKOH | etd aU 39 5704 OE pUE spo] ODeYA-E 20) spon STF 48) aByon s0| Ye Homo porjddns are suoernsueo juunsnpua ayeos T[EUS PUR ferDEOTTUED “t\eoRMOp ous f0 39) sao gens om A498 pue spear oun Buope pre] az” “e107 Arepooes OY, "A STy 0} Usop poddays 9¢ xomod TIGA Yaw ayy UF SADE a|qestns 4 poysoo] axe suorspisqns MoKINqLAsIP OW, “AA TL VF SOU] WoRINAETSIP (aBeOX 40) Geemid wane suOREISGNS KONMGNASEp oF porfadns s sowod ap puD exowsEpIUIN, Jp suoGr 4q Ay TTF wsop paddoye aoyyany st afvypon OW suoNIEGHE £xepUOD0S TV "SuoREEGN WOTETUISUEA; AAEpUCOOS SNO1eA 04 (SOGLD BOS Ut AY ZEE 0 99} AI CO jojssunsueay (qs 40) AiNpucoes YBnonp paymweuey s soNed fwaeNPOTA suONEASENE Sap WEY-SDuiIOjetIEN unop-doge Jo etrnouT KG Am AY ZET-EE O}.Uunop podons aBiyjoa ayy suorneequs fast ureI0U08 24 Woy JOM TROL SY ‘Stod9 HEN amy Jo suDOU amp are SuTwIG aayUOg “eHINYY seeUA ‘rmorgy uF oxp aBleyjon ox Jo ata yo gutod ayy Woy poutsep ame sioinquisiqy taBua; sy Suope euzua zosnaunET 8 Jo Suypuoy auavand aug, “wore ame sretmsNoD ayy 0% AI sins ot 10) slutddtoy erozomne Wogan aro sxO}ONPUED aH axe suomnatneta “suornquAsiC (2) ror oral dang jeaseyy adh v fo wnsBoxg ovomny yaoumo oman ‘ayy mony Aurew pousisap “auiogy sy Foye ates up su 98 x0p09} 030 Suypuoy uo ‘saoyasoys ‘Srounsuca omy 0 woes Bude ou exapo3 nas Ayeroudy, “suore@ 90% 54 pay aq 04 seaue ay ov (suoms ‘Bunyezoud cose amos tn) S40 pomaoe gone S2oIoNp suoo au oxy suopo9g “s4apany ‘ajqusn a, "A 1 St 20N9 fanjen onan w0Ur “A TL 10 99 ‘Ge are wolnaunyrp Argued 303 sadeaj0a “aos ee EE 30} 199548 9p pur uoRaLNSEP puP HOT EIOWas 20} wo,S4s 9 KofdUD Gt poroU! 3609 3 a BSA Venera” poe USTESIRTL peau | Banca Bue CapeneS vonBRES NTE ma 238 | EiecticalInstllaton Estimating: and Gast Se vera nisi Dis ins H 239] 4 Conductors. Copper, alumininin or AOSR oof anche emposiaon upon the current tobe carried an the span at the line, i 5. Guys an races oF cables. ae fstened othe ple tthe t ‘or angle poles & [Ughining Arcesters to discharg excessive voltages built upon the line, to earthy due to lighining. 7 , J. Kuses and Isolating Switches to isolate diferent pars of the overhead svetem 8 Continuous Earth Wire is run on the top of the tawers ine against lightning discharges, * Yoo Guards are often provided below bare overhesd lines running along or aceoss public streets to make the line eafe if it should break, 14, Guard Wires are provided above or below powerlines while costing tla Lines. The guard wires and steel structures aro oolidly connevted to oun the various phases, f ebonite with rounded top is fixed near the ff dt to birds pecking on the eonductors (on 1e or telegraph lator on the cross 108 with pin inet 18 Danger Plate. It is provided on each pole, asa warning meas ago of the line and the word ‘danger’. It is provided at. a ting the working Wt of 23 m from the ‘re is wrapped ona pole ata height of about 2.5 m from the ground is prevents climbing by unauthorised perso 18. Miscellaneous Items such as vibration dampars, op hampers, bea pers ete, 104,;LINE SUPPORTS ue {Bi fntion of line support is obviously to suppor the condacors. Line support must be Sprable of carrying the load du to insulators and conductors including tho tee and eind ctors along with the wind load on tho support itself. The line supports are ling wood, steel and reinforced conerate poles, and stoul towers flexibio type. A diitinctio is drawn betwoan straight poles which lin direct line of trane ormally only support the conductors and the special poles teconductor tension. These latter supports misy be angle towers towers, towers at fceofl parts, anchor towers, or towers for some special purpose tuch ne fee crossing the “ivers. The dimensions of these line Supports are governed by IST regulations. In case of \elegraph or railway line erossing special requitements are to be mot with lock Diagram of Typical AC Electrical Power Supey Syicm Fig. 103 Tysnt jubstations right up to the promises of such consumers and connecting it to an 11 KV/415 V stepdown transformer. HOS. HAIN COMPONENTS OF OVERHEAD Liki RENTS OF OVERHEAD LINES: H ‘The main requiroments of the ports ar: ‘The main components of an ovérhead line are e 8 below. {High mechanical strength to withstand the weight of conductors and wind load ete 1 Supports Poles or towers depending upon tho working cage en the region whero these i 2 Light in weight without the loss of mechaxtical strength, feel ‘The function of the line support is cbvioualy to support the conductors co aces 8. Cheaper in east. keep them at a’buitable level above the ground. 4, Law maintenance cost % 2° Gross arm and Clamps. These ato ether of wood dt otesl ange section and are used 5, Langer life, on pole structures to support the insulators and condustore t 6. Good looking. % Insulators. Pin, strain or auepension types, as the ease may be, fr supporting the con 1. Easy aecessibility for painting and erection of line conductors, Actors and taking strain or suspending the conductors respectively. so sor my aitey wo 10 sug, sy¢09 fe Bunjowos, Pmedtns 0104 4, La tages B88 2, jod ay }owo99 og phos 3B WYN YASUORyE eesOAsENEN JENA BA W SadGa j 20 V yo soumanans ap aqquog “sin Jo suvoin aa ¢ wosy a oy ‘Panodano aapearasasd dup 20 (10 2 apsjoud are sojod vspooss nade 0 aip ese pouoseas sjredaud DEA Yam Buon aise 0q Soil DainnE BF RET aS ns Sood aon, paen ase tonog oui 38 > ug 0 Tantus a GAT a8 W120RD aig amg aeYG rq, wapoa a9 10 [6S ONNOW OSL 70 + Pevepmsee Sous uous) a Suede obuaaNe PL AY GST AP soderon : ae Bupezodo sous, poorioa0 10) posm vaoy ‘nog soo, pue ais HY 9 azo9N09 [aeys nodewen Jo 1809 at axayym pur sour tm eu Jo BurppEaIg Jo yUNODVE to peo] paoureequn ayy purrstpta ot pauses ap 51 MOT AtoA9 pire SvoHseNEp oALOAsKTEDy ue empress; ays ypog U2 pepiaaitsIpensn sr ypduauys [ena samyonins 2239 peasg [oye ‘or omy 66 tps suodds pis Jo age Ul ‘po wo syioddne a4 Jo Suyptag yo gun tbr vs at asnasouy we 4g poquoage sjgorn st peor poouvqea oyqeRoy) YaIM “anssoxd puvn seaansunN key Sse0¥e tH any 94 ‘so2npuieo axou 2 940 Jo Be7w039 39 nu09 ¥ £94 10 uw Jo us ‘9 ton epuadap uoreane za pits 900 ‘980YI0 ued v 204 syioddns aun Jo oot0y9 ax, Guisoy pus Bigllnes vopETEIsH jeOUDES Bere Italien Extmatng an Selig se together by steel or Wear are to be mounted on ts in the form of a mers and ewitehgea cequized, iiaaaatse 4-Member Pole Construction With Traneformer, Switchgear and Fuses. 7 Four-Wire 3-Phase Distributor is Tapped Off Transformer Secondary To Supply o Village Fg. 107, ‘The height of a woodan pole depends the ground surface and secondly, the ma and other equipment to be attached, Nor wooden polo is 10 to 12 m, irambarks of wooden supports ate: tendency to W the ground level, comparatively smaller life, sarance above reas ame the height of caesar run oie ae) tubular poles are of roun hape of track used for oe esac (0) Triangular Formation (©) Horizontal Formation Wooden Poles For 11 XV Lines Fig. 10.9 err hg arene om way uoRUAAP au jz oF dn poe may pg) vf) ws P aut «Zz 09 dnp som) J Suna 348MEN8 4a posn Sq Ho samen i], “toM0 WOLAIp Paw eioKO) ue) Se payiésep Sipoaag ag ue sienoy tomy “Hoon 1940) wo scaad pute pu suopnpaos ao arnssaed pun “ies 22H) pus afamy ‘acyeeu zo; FeuAOA aus 2940 jo ANB ats Ut jumnoso ona xe 99 oF Sun oA stEpUNGS ‘oz0u09 puso sake oan J0 894, “uede jo wily pu eBeyos say ay vo. apuse -2P Jomo) 9p JO TY oN, uo syne yo dyrmaryuco an Bu sayedau 3n0 A1i% 0 ajqood et 41 Ena oe 1 wnopyeara 0 a0 1 “dans 0 dyrnumywoorp ouqeBe oowearoM Zocy Autts mar a|qNOP 9y pedisop 2 eo aboqy Ro aresopoUt YY vadaye inthe ground (about one-sixth ofthe total length im in. place of eopper. 2. Aluminium, Aluminium is chospor in coat and lighter ideumight bu in poor in sunductiiey and tensile strength as compared U copper: Tr Sunday i 6% to'tnet of copper and density 0.209 times that of copper. An aluminium eondagtadag ¢ aeaninnl 128 af copper conductor of equal resistance bu! dae ta © FLiroige dstnbannanieninhetnet ‘weight of aluminium is required to that of cop for transmission and distribution of eeteep have th oa co hat of the difference to some extent, an ive, low speci in order to withsta sravity in order to give low weight per far iad pepe and otpeing ‘ terse In many cos nga high omen gt eae fi iH ‘tors than would be required with copper conductors having the sexmedintl of sp: i ‘esl a th siico waring stan here ae bei Cosson of expansion of sums et aluminium The aw ble totwings.saspires larger x-arms. Yoln of aluminium i cannot vithstantaio eters et Seine ! rer nh nowinir atari, bcnase fo anno aan a5 the eqUHateneoper eared por considersbly es. All lumiiumeammed ord requiraménta, Hence a compromise. made between the cost and the desi ines are copper, aluminium, steel-cored srRMEED CONDUCTOR im, galvanized steol and cad: se ‘ee ‘ iteibution overhead liges havingshamagans of up to 65 c1 ductors sed fr overhe Stel. Cored Aluininiumm. Ste-con tinea & (canine ote lersizes, are difficult to rounded by a number of im strands, The st¢el condutiors-amed are galvai in mgepans tndtacryt fad Cocca order to preventing and electrolytic orion thf coasanetonadticeee are Drittsofeupor beaucesfowinginais ats ‘aio 0 bat incase of igh iongar tendon then oto ae ae bat) O.6r st att ye a aed oy aroun s00 i wiatps| yay | je sora savin | oms. | ce ec nips Sibieaiaum Sees Date Game suve | woo | oeut00 oe ove | 7 poppe aze anuorg soydsoyd y spunzys autos sozonpucy feroEw ayguams yeot sey son ‘srogdoomye wy yuosoad due equctuUre 9 Yond SSe¥8 fa {uy aonpao9 aay uo] Ajanyxe oxv sweds ow pus ny WYN “ozuoag xoydsoud ", ‘panjoa 930 40 SBuesor9 t04H 309 ayquyNS KzeA 94 0% sem poo zaddoo 30 set Jo 469 0) OF SF aN 8058 pre xoddoo jo uoriodord any, ‘suozampuo ioddos ued ze fIausopysueo & osny pu ‘papueny dqesajaid axe [oon pe 5 apdur sioronpito aur] ‘a1 oun pais wo Sum09 tao & Jutpfam Ay paurvig PHS plam-seddeo 10 pojoeddeo se uaouy ‘ais ayooduco y o93g Pip todo; Loc Sy EE ER poe | | | | i | | ‘srosonpuea YsOY Aq PauTHI uo szOxONpLCDedao wREIMp “2addod Jo $4152008 03 bane porpoaut swoyzno axota sour YdvaSoye9 pure anoydayay 20) uno zadoo wneuspee “28 eqa0ddns yo aeys oy UOSLZedWOD UE TES poonydas 8ioq are sou Bao “readmopy “tem duo osye ae jereduzoo 5 [eLZeyeM xo.aNpuOD Jo s09 ayy AsONpA “a"| UoHZes aFoRD|LeIEE pure sues Buoy "8 40} jworaoutose 0qfyH8 Jadoo ummm jo ase) “radon ound weyp 2oMTIs09 st zaddod faxoNOH “Taddoo aand yo yom} mojoq sep. 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The ACSR conduetar of size not less than nm should be used for service Hines. Coe Word 2 F ‘Conder ‘Agprosinate Curent Currsing Capo ih drmeeres Ae Arbint | At Ambit Temperature] Temperature ode Word i 2. iy amperes. hind | A abi fcpaat ee fae i wan 7 we [Townker [oa aoe op F Wena [Beaver «398 er) 0 oa a ‘art x 2.36 ea =e a Maybug Panther ‘aT x 3.00. 482, Seorplon Lion ‘art * 3 us Beer ‘M07 x 335 8 107. DETERMINATION OF SIZE OF CONDUCTOR FOR OVERHEAD TRANSMISSION LINE Goat | owe an i nica lanes apa ve een ee aa — 10.8.. CROSS ARMS. each other and from the pole, Croes arm is a cross-piece fitted to the pole top end portion by means of brackets, known as pole brackets, Tar supporting insulators. bn Sn any “utoyoaaod yo aBewaug yo aseo Uj -Ynd of2e] v pud} ‘uopssaudmoa zapurn st zo;e|nsur 9x3 30 1 papeaay 918 And Jo spun ow} ay, “H0d oa Key soos a SI2]08 30g @aUH An ay UL 0} anp aanoor 94 soy So any mp et ao ou Soop ‘sub hn amp 384 08 [249y prmnoxs ow st pou soyoue au, pasemrep 468 fous oma Ss Jo spans sey ajo {P25 pay wojsun pastor aqy en po soqaie paw nog Aeye 8 sk Ay pounce 40 eye og, enpoxdsns do oy 3008 pro oPpllN oxy th pouosut yong Leet pos tacit uraqa etn st ponds yo scat dure ce ap yp tor0g tp 38 ou Koso pou an S30 pus 90 os pnoad oxy ono pps pas op eo ‘9-30 qian, Indony 49 wow 89 ou 30 Gulp v oF Se exaBUeD wots ey poate st pou eng poses ab eed soo Team om NMooxy“acien a ar eiag ener awoq ume ssh ane om 19 pH Ame se ee 1 9S S98 oe eas dee ‘sq y 4 1p WY GT Jo pox SW J0 stEUED 498 a ah 9q Prous dey pur oped ayy uasayaq ede yeoqaz0a4) ayy, “IOHMpTiCN Nap oe AREY SeIOd 24 88 suonysod joao pus afd 4e ewzoddns aur] pearpos0 Seis 6 ferzuessa Seuooeg 9 “SAYLES QNY SAND “OOF arora ay 2, a0 004) Bee fo poyeRy He ort fy tung we0-ss019 (Q) ‘P)STor "Buy ws ways se ‘uondoe ofa, we qu poptad pa 298g oper st SERB emt Po auo ‘sour aoqsis Jo oowo ay m9 vue sok eras SoeNR ee aieg ‘so Sea cog anizoe Sere x0 Suny 4g pean as puv won zy yo ope oe ty 7 2 STOR Rid wr usoys ave sou sesaynp 7 sioqpnsg og SOND ANY Saya Hod wor (ieee ae) war TO aA we of B99 -noqeq uaa ae45 w st9{ 912408 pot SuBurs wou “sioronpu0d Yooayoq Butoeds ex “pes resem apt 3M ons va. pHoys su S029 oR jo rons} on BEAD Osa yap a sr or By wien in sg woe wane) REG (p) wo sg paousen 2) ——_pedousen (gli oman gg fD Ad ‘pod 943 03 wae se019 283 song 2990420 daveo ann zou paw mw sso oy £4 uoyE af so;pUED ax Jo PEN ey 84g ameM ype ajo an oy paxy sx eaxE coors ayy “ste 80.9 ayes 3 Pioae ay 9 sywomypesye ao unset ow puEININ oy YsrioUe I ‘rods 249 209 2,9 x thu gx tama ge ie aie agp ue 2e2uons ax em 9019 1-9 Siaeo rays Seoap'o) “SuOIpUCD z8yyP9M4 OWN Sup oou sue F019 uapongy “SAUNT AY gf SGI x mw eet xu gt Pare anu $800] jonen oq, ‘fupmig oy anp zaso-4o4 S02 reavoys pouosves " AYLTL wo pedoydsa sjuourmuea aze ig TH Mieays sO “paduys ez: Bee 20 pa i 20 Wort aps ouurys gqy se yon sad EE aang pa tocemror eame SD be Sadia coe a ecal nstatin Eta Cain sy sow sane our ~ Seige tea dik Complete Stay Set Fig. 10.18 ay wires are galva- having tensile strength of 7 tonal stranded section. angle poles, termi- ‘Qveteat Transmission ‘and: Dibulon Lines 255 To. a ©) Siny Toa Pale With The Help of Slay Pale and Stay Wire er Bead Crossinge) smant Whore (€)Doubie Stay ile For ‘Armangement Stay Arrangements ig. 1020 CONDUCTORS CONFIGURATION, SPACING AND CLEARANCES and more lightning hazards, There are places where both horizontal and vertical are applied ‘wASuaT}s oaypeRORP YBTY apysoud oy Se O8 AnpIRWAAd antOpeA YS “g . “Awe jt Stxpeo 994 pure 2020p puta, ‘sroronpuoo uy Jo t9m 945 oom PooT op 2609 Op SB Os yHbuaLs fooruDYRu YAlEE “L JoTv sessod ysum soyepreut eu puowsoao ue aes sensedosd 9 "uogeAs uoRngiys uo apissinstres} peoysaae Jo noryEedo [yssecONs om 20; oouyTOdUEy yeoMNAN Jo et ‘soja Ledoud ‘ax0joz0ip ‘paw aoqgead wornqins pul UorseTstas) Ly dueejiodan asour 949 30 940 sipayqnopun st iyeinset sy, “xOroNpLD mm ay [Roqueyoous Sawssozou oprsoud pre ssozonpaos ooqd yuasoyp aya wooannoy BuTyMas 04 eral ospe SuoseImeKY OW, papotqns oq oF AL st aUY ay TPIUia 07 SHON IpUED ayy cme gsa0H wx oF }fon asoysry ay SUA SHOU ArBs999—u pu UoIqO[NsuT aodoad apta '8] aif, HOw Foy ue exojanpuCD Woow og SaakTEw|9 AUSSO2—U opLAaId "pteus Jodoad exojampuoo op apiaoud cy se os SIOPEIMSTH OM 03 poysN axe SAO} mpi ue sunze sora aip uo paymnow axe exosjneuy syz0ddns our yBnow Ypse {, 2yto1 afeyeay yuazzno ou a oxoqa apy pao mt ‘svospynsus oxy poqiea‘soumaxyy BurgeyAs Jo susou 4g founionsas Sumaoddns 243 04 paunons‘oxoazoqy ‘aw szozonpuoD ou o4y, SUNEhD aviosco Baeyneuy kUw Gye pasosod you pus aivq ae sioyonpuica sin, peatland ey, ENSMTOVERIGNO SU x padoglna ‘orgies u20q ane 0640 w ggg 0 dn suds Bue ppuoRdcoxe ono Butssox>- TON xoge pe wt QQH- 00g : SOME faa HaEAL KP) 81 008-08 = #9108 DOM WHIM O} oq aswaroU ony yy BATE {p sis0q 2 Yo Guta] weds puss xinddns ou nos yiSuay els ayy dutseaIDM1 paw 'zo}onpuo> iaBOs9s 4g out] yo 3800 [eOH aap sonar oy op SHO 8 EMS rouse no saLNED oaqe MO Pauaep ozs sIMpuCD at yeIp suaddey ‘uodn spuedep ued ay; ‘Bueds pasvaoui dn axe 04 poswos 30m gj moqe 03 dr OB tk aoddns 8 nse saswassep eyoddns pu ax i 2 JO 1509 [[B19K0 uMMRETEL OF 3 ef o7OU oF SessaequE sua “9pM01 Jo Spey coo a Ee SUOEPUD> oo} Yons Jo muy weds ayy oda sotangN Bt ve] ob te [ os | «| oy [or sey BRO Fe es | es Twang BuoRy By pong wADY : WontS axe sansa asa, “ow as gy apts papuoaruooad exw xoronpuoo aq pL unois ap usaMqaq seoueanoy> peosas RUMEN aty, “S9OEBABLD AOIONPUOD |ILOL apa] we [tt vo | ak er eiegse ann Ww 1] 09 | se Seupoar oy Supe su [oor | ov | eer os 3 sitar SF gp « Bases ‘mojoq uaa} aug 105 239) siojnpu09 yo SurseUe yo woxrMuRMAD;OP 205 Poso|diwe AfuourTOD TM spresoy Bums uoyetodsms ay9 jo Sans oF © a 0} souez99;9 emmeaTaRUE ayy szoH ‘royazeyp “ured 1 Jo uonoe at 03 889] 9q 30 ‘wzoduto) UMUTPEUE 2) UOHpUOD WHOM ay) Z9pITA sio}IMpLeD ta995KF2q SB0UE mag Booeds NOLO ay SuIpses2 UoryeIApISUOD a:FEq OT, ‘wuozco Jo woryupsaad eya yal {WarsBUDD se IaNIeHO9 aF0p> Ev 94 Play sIO,INPLED siquuosvas 07 104 06 “foap ofy04 a4 estoy, pue aut ius asacoUr sosne9 Buds JOB] suopezopisa09 9 pouer28n9 4p 9|gnop 30} Joa uv ‘eaenyd enous. ye posodeuresy Aopr0 Ut] syesoqur ropnan jafwane peorjaanuLewn op Eg Bing Bie eS eIaEEa ABO, Ea ‘Becca Instafetion Etinating and Costing 2n resistance in order to prevent. leakage of currents to earth trength to lash-ouer voltage aa should not erack when a during eummer and low temperature during winter. The dielectric strength should remain unaffected under different conditions of teraperature and pressure, ‘The material used in the atmosphere. Sim fot bo porous and should be ism ously it should be free from is ¢ lower the value of dielectric strength to a gre usta the luids and gates impuritios and oracke ee 10.14. INSULATOR MATERIALS and quartz, is Tess euscops On tho other hand, i of a porcelain 8 trouble from leakage, and it affected by diet dopasts. ‘not so heruogeneous as glass, owing to the fact that each component ulator is glazed during manufacturing process and ita sat ‘ce depands to a considerable extent on the preservs the order It cannot be detectad easily ‘weal and does not withstand 2s exooeding The dioleetric strength and compressive strength of ‘mm of its thisknese and 700 kg! facture homogoncous porcelain in the fore, for a particular opersting ‘each pices is fred and glazed thickness required voltage, a two or more piece e separately and then they are cemented together this insulating material is manufeetured at lower temperature, its mechanical prope ertios improve but the material remains porous and on putting it in service it may deterio. rate. If this material is manufactured at high temperature, its porosity is reduced but the Iso reduces’ts disletrie results in a lower diletrie trength and-the porosity ofthe th the irregular shape, may result in internal ins after cooling, Glass insulator however, can be used up to 25 kV under ordinary atmospheric conditions and well up to 50 kV in dry atmosphere. Steatite is a naturally oocurring magnesium silicate, ucually found combined oxides in varying proportions. Ithas # much higher tensile and be Oveti¢ad Transmission ‘and ‘Ditibution Lines and can advantageously be weed ab tension towers or when the trans sharp tura, ‘The special artificial material is used in {important advantage that these can be stress, Met 10.15. TYPES OF INSULATORS Various types of insulators used for overhoad transmission and distribution lines are de- seribed below. 1. Pin Type Insulators, This type wae ainongst the earliest designs, end Used for support- ing line conductors. It provides the most economic, simple and efficient method of eméuetor sand bus-bar support for voltages up to end including 83 kV, Modern pin type insulators are werent cracks in porcelain are very rare and never occur with toughened fo of modern porcelain insulators is relatively Jong (expected to be ulators are available for uee up to 60 KV. 7 tor in designed to be mounted on a pin which in tuen is secured to Aiciently mechanically stronger the weight of tho conductor, wind tages generally one pisee type of insulators are used. For high: lines, stronger pin type insulators are used, in construction from low-voltage type in that they iain cemented together. These pigees form what we shells or petticoats are provided in order to have an adequat rnd the insulator pin is increased, 3, that even when the outer surface is wet due torain, suficiont leakage resistance is still provided by the inner dry surfaces. It is desirable ‘that the horizontal distance between the tip of the lower most sheli is lees in comparison to ‘the vertical distance between the same tip and the crass arm, otherwise in ease ofan wre. vor, the discharge will take place between the line conductor and eross arm rather than lino conductor and the pin of the insulator, thereby, the cross arm will have tobe replaced rather than the insulator. ‘Many engineers have « preference for one piece insulators up to and inehuding 11 kV and uuse the multi-piece type for high voltages while othore prefer muli-piece for all vellage. One-piece insulators are more prone ta cracking, because of rai fore, their use interruption of supply during the very first rain after the lines is commissioned. tors have an advantage that a defect on one shed does not seriously affect ength of the insulator, and it generally functions electrically at normal voltage until the defective unit is traced and replaced. For rural 11 kV lines, earrying less load and therefore, using light conductors, single pioee insulators are employed for reasons paced 9 uso ‘Buus aoqa aipyo peewsr ‘nm ouo “roye|neM} Ue jo amt 3 uaN8 ae (1) ‘uajoa Bunqiom oxy dodn Supedap reoo Aq, pos oq eo pur (694 QonTT 3n0q3) enidun> oj pondicep ef sxo,e[asut 4 uowsuodsns yo sea Yea Ct) “0 000'08 rs szopepnsut oy uoxodeng (9) "0104 sofenmeape wou ayy, ‘Buys ojo ap Hpydas yoqya pooujdas of weo ‘Sotnsa tou 2 um sures woleuoens 3 Hut28 & we Aamo Bost He, =nst ont om por ononsjeaoo uoisermeuea yo oA aa SUN pUOD samHeo af esON Sunpom 049 eodn spuodep jo ewisuco Suis ayy eIOVe EMT Au MoHf “PuLye © pens {ur SaoyeInsuy wastadons yo ym astyze ogy ut, oy on alo pe Ay 32m sionpueo oy pur une seo ora tosaioy doueSTp Aue Fd TE oS ]Gor ued et suo ‘meq -pue Joao] so} poyseye st opanpuoa ak oq puL eangonaye BeRsOddnS Jota $901 2m toy suey IOVMeaEaopiedsne ou, ‘BULHS ¥ o uo} oN UFO TBH fy oo 1B pooduieo Kqsay sop tejaoued Jo saquint w Jo yore Suojqusnt aL wotsoaeng geo ty sory od uoqeeocens sraquan of “eaxse8 ut tao 8 ‘abe9[04 mof ‘koge saliejon Susniedo ay 309 TH redwouD Sy DPoyezomnua ase sevo 944 wl 940 sroqejnsta od hy uoxsuods godoteop et pil ed my “ops saityjon acoyp yy “eidare a [anal isuadsng “G 6 aperpaso}ut vo pasn exw 9 id yrod oBy09 Bu ewano.e ays Oy BND $17 soos yep POUL oF a0 hyp yo sogepneny “pays 20 oype ‘re exoymnsut ap ayes sp apuo wy pare aap 3 ‘Biv compang -pammaund yo asayy ox0joq oonya #9376) a reg ae ous 3NG OL aHoGR tse, aBeAYOA WAY 4oy ENA aBwaOA ot A0y YAN 84 IST sv unouy Soren) oBe;fon SenfiOM ayy op aBEy[On raA0-ysEds a JO 0g ‘AY G8 puOKaG SIOFETATUL ody td aen oy jot | aoHoKad eABpONL a, era auton] 0} Spo} Te SeoxD ay} 0} sKOUAYDENW Jo IuIOd 943 ARP juOUTONN AuIpLDG otf mid Stmanddns axp jo ypBuoy za8ue] oqy-oF Hurao pure ‘soFeyn a04By ogy 16 paths 9p aq aossoquina pw Sng Azan aeBo20q szopEyNEEE ody Ug “J>rMONDeUM SNE. ‘fo goo'og J alton Suxgezodo puosoq ash oremadsns oy o7tya UE SS0%9 94 yanoi3 i axoqe Bourke XoianptoD aUree ayy DA op afd soqzONS w eatrubad Lope ‘2dsa wid ogy sIpuooag “suoyeinsuy woysuedsns oat) Jo %t0M af) Op LED 20p (00 sosvo Suvmr ty tadeayg SE 94 eM) Sf ZopBpstEr ads tM oxp 30 aegURAy Jo opts zouuy op dooy 0} apeus‘ozogaroyy ‘axe spays ures amg suorepnsty Azp yo os 9 pazedaoo ee eo sxyejnsu om Jo to toot ZoA- HOY Yt oes 2+ 0}0= msul YOM 10} SEOUEISI seAO-ySH Pe2494 25 (PP 8-01 “Big WH eaoys sv “exopepnsuy dap soy HOUEIID ZeA0-|SEGE 1Z0r Sy or waogs.sv “sx ror y aay 1 A499 (0) adi wg AY 88 (PP y 4e ' i pepeg 8g og 2997 soRMp HE ‘ik worpneuy aay (2) ite ng ase Hg 240 () ou ox8 eoneynsu ogy NoMa UaLORE Os) ue (P) IS OT By UE UMOYS Ae A 99 PU AY EE one sped a8ey99 1") re-OT poe ‘OF “Sig UL ways ate sieqensey aoard-au0 ony, ‘ojqurjod oxow Suroq“pamnajaud ase saoremsuy a9td-rym“speoy yeisnput Barpooy Sjpeloeda ‘spe Ar TY wegan 104 KeIDUGN® JO io hin mam ER Sy Etectical instalation Estimating ard Costa: a pension type insulators give more flexibility to the Tine and mechanical stressoa a such that the ing is free to swing in any direction, and thus takes up ® in case of rapid inercase in load on transmission line, the increased demand can be inet by raising the line voltage (oi) In ease of conductar Joa to be sustained, two disc insulator strings can be yoked (Fig. 1028). Buch an arrangement is YO yo007 salotorSirings pin type insulators, ed st Sir of suspension type insulators that lange Sombie Figure) spacings between conductors are required than with pintypo Fg. 10.29 insulators due to large amplitude of the swing ofthe conductors, but this is not a serious disadvantage. ‘There are three types of suspension insulators genorally used namely, Hewlett or inter linking type, eomontod-cap type and core and link type. ing Type Suspension Insu- ssulator is shown in ise the central bul- ‘vo curved tun- each other. The iin planes at right angles short ctool stripe forming the connection between indi: vidual disos are threaded through these tunnels and ths Joop through each other, being separated by a layer of 1 porcelain which is toially in compression. ‘The main advantages of Hewlett type suspension Haslett Type Suspeision Insulator ig. 10.24 Gi) No risi of breakage owing to the difference in expansion or contraction of the can- necting links and the insulating material (®) No risk of interruption to the service in caae the poreelain between th accidently broken, since the links keep the other units beld together, However, the Hewlett insulator appears to be rather more Hable to puncture than other ‘types of suspansion insulators, owing to tho high electrocati izess in the material between the links, (b) Cemented-Cap Type Suspension Insulators. Cemented-eap type suspension insula- ‘or shown in Fig. 10.25 is the most commonly used type and eansists of a single dise-shaped piece af poredlain grooved on the under surface to increase the surface leakage path, and to ks gets Heat road Tari Cb trae ms] sepension incu combines the advantages of hath of the above two types overcome their disadvantages. In euch a construction, each ins iced and it conforms to the electrostatic lines of the dise to be of one piese only, Added to the other advantages such an insulator hes a high puncture atcength. 8. Strain Insulators. Whore there is a dead end ofthe line, or there is a corner or a sharp sanyo 6° 0 sanju ¢ Jo 72:04 © Ie popiaoad 6138 Ws | weaj ae xy punoss sx oy eoxpou o°g Mog Jo 1UBtay ¥ 12 Sapod stp 1 on pequeg. 0 ‘08zed posty nen &q Rayquiy ayy sured paensayes a, ‘S500 SwaWOAiNY “eror 0t8 oxy wo Saueu yz 4900 3 Jo NFOY wy Yoplansd S| caBuEP, PADM pu ouy oxy Je aBeion Straom op BaxeopuA yey Ze v ou woSeIMISUeN Iq Jo LOMO} 40 3fod yABD UO, ‘Sa1v1a WaONVG “EHOF aptaod axe (oniq pus motjes pas) ‘ose muszeyp ap Sup eomper soqeyd cebu sour uoqsepmsteR 3y Jo 9%} 70 ofod ed Ug ‘SBLV1d SSVHd “Zh0b wxdng “ap fq wowooqoag ua aesSaIMg oF spout aq Svur souarajeN sap 20g ‘aBOyfOA Y~Ny Jo SuLrweddostp uo uERSE wong Srojsaue SumLAYaN WOpOW [Ty “AjaATANA| aBNTOA 1d anpadia nol & aplaoad siowsoure But ‘aos v wouyy UAE raK04 OWN 7 MoKyEIodD 104 3uuanp anon wodo 904 29780 Powe] ay yoav0Ud oy soo1Aep 09a ou soq pHE® suo; IpLS ‘¥ Huunysy 0} anp eBeuep way yee reo he ‘rtm Sys yo yyBaazy 9 adap pasn (9828] 20 fem) oyeous jo oats aus, jonoy puroxd a1 v8 paproad axe exoqypnat ony sdsey SIL TEOL By gina ‘oye Hla jo ore suoqeynsul Yong “SsoqeNSUT KEI “g 1098 vue ayy WoRRARp ,09 sp980x9 opBue orp aay stoN i804 srg, 31a fs Tan i pa TTT DEMS eeor iy Re ab Pom Sem adh, eAaOUS, @ 7 ” worms too snes WA" SEOI9 94} 07 ZO 2I0q & YIM aod oy 01 oxy Stoan aq WED LeU, “{eLZAKEAE JO}INp:OD op oy Surpro20e oan, Satpurg armor so Jadoo Yoo 30 svat S2A0028 ax poy 326 cwusttiver assy —~ He sown nogNasS sour soe tn Sv ot 2 OL ‘SLY parexnyl se ‘pos eaoyopRUt ody worouDd Baise Po Bases DaRERAL Fee a nto Estranged Cosi 10:20, BIRD GUARDS top of the cross arms, just hove the strain insulat 10.21. BEADS OF JUMPERS ly is most frequent. At s jumpers ‘The mulls are made of 8 Dottom and 30.5 em € 30.54% th Act poles oF sheet in two pieces, detachable 46 om *'4Bem at the the top and overall length 1.8 metees. For tubular poles ‘throughout and of length 1.8 metres, These ate used for 10.23. POINTS TO BE CONSIDERED AT THE TIME OF ERECTION OF OVERHEAD LINES 1, Continuous ground wire earthed at the substation should be provided. Every 4tb span ofthe pole and first and lst pole should be properly earthed and wire shoul be joined properly to the continuous earth wire 2. The clearance of conductor from the ground and adjoining should be socording to ER 71, 78, 79 and 80. : perks line components (except the main Tine conduetor) shouldbe earthed according to TER 80, rmissible spacing between the conductors should be maintained throughout the 5. Anti-limbiing device and danger plate (or Caution notice) should be fixed on each ole” 6. One-sixth of the pole length should be properly buried and rammed in the sil “7, The joints of the conductor should be mechani 8 The conductor should be tightened on 8. Guard wires should be provided where esse 10, Polo steps should be provided in the tower 1, Proper jumper should be used wherever required. ‘The points to be kop: in view in the design of an overhead line are 2. The line should be able to mect the desired load demends efficiently 2. Th le to withstand adverse atmospheric conditions. thin prescribed limits (IER 54). be talarable, strong and in proper sleeves, Tineman to limb the poe. Este Tansieon and Dito Les p27] 10.24. ERECTION OF SUPPORTS sxcavation work and then ereet the poles, Exeavat and botton brace blocks is used, ks hove tobe fitted near the eusface, separate holes are excavated, As already mentioned, the depth ofthe pole tobe buried ‘Stee! Pole With Muff Rg 10382 erection of the pole, the pieces of bricks, stones and rammed well with a crowbar. After ‘that earth stiould be filledin and again ramming is done. ‘Steel Tubular Poles, Braced Channel Poles and Rails. A suitable pad of cement conerete, stone, or steel is provided at tte bottom of the pit. Ths sta be done before erection of poe. Accoment-concrete mialf extending 0.2 m above the ground with tapered top to shed rain water is provided so that corrosion. avoided and botter grouting is achieved. Prestressed and RCC Poles. ROC poles are usually of Z “larger crosé-seetion than PCC poles and, therefore, there is no =» need of providing base plates ar muffs for such poles. However, Deadman Structure in ease of PCC base plete (40 em X 40 em x 7 em) Fig 1038 eonerete block is provided, Erection of Supports. Fer carrying and as expediti structure, 2 ~ 6 leg hammers; 1-1 kg hammer; 1% X14 mm spanner; L~ 22 mm and 1~ 14 mm box spanner; 1 has 2 earth rammers; 1 buckot and short rope; 1 cant hook for twisting po 1 plumb bob; 2 skid boards} 1 pai ples, * The dead-man structure b « tamparany xahaped structure grade of bwo wooden Gros arae Pg. 10.83. seo o iy a4eG 9 PEN! YOU LH BLEU PUL SP 0 yO ‘ovata on a e-53Ppen ese ey pemaN e Si esos ayy uo penal tp Spesino S wo GL Saye pou ay 36 womod pousine aos on Stuoe wou, ea a syod ey wom aouesip 100009 a 42 punotl ayp jo no auoo je pue uonexrpr Basso on 240 maps fs 3 a HO a vod ayy ayes sy, ‘poaizeyp stystx S punrB Oy 1 sae gS 30 oer sere tgp Fone neste es oh 9804 UE Sogo! a 30 UoT]OSNORD ay “aOKATOKD an 0} fo Jo Iu ‘OOF 1 8 paquds9p uoDg Speane AE Se ‘wonsod wy suyeuas anya ‘poxy are yous doy pre Supp oer a funy 0 Benen a7) prying 0 fos H 408 aunionans 3904-1) ae on 08 porjend sr ood ou, fod ay 30 Saran ow pow Jo coord ¥ pus wd wor eplng ay) JO 49K, ssagans 419A Ua0g Seq powsate aod PLAIap 44 2 90d ayez0u00 J0j poem epoyyou Enotes axe as9q4,‘NoRs039 pu Spey Satzmp 195) BuTOMTG Pue VaREMNBUEIL peoNRAG ___ P82 1404 217 waxy 20d yo edu ap 30 yg ‘ways 9q pinoy aBleyasape paw ‘pee UL Vg uo axe sau Uys srew auy.ssoio8 amy US Fw S3fod 2y222U09 pet Ie ae seu ny 21g Jo wore Jo a og gona, saiat a38u0H paraitnitunoys — uepsodh ABBR ‘uy “soiator tx paoanizadxs og 09 SaHL, neonate 3989 ox typ womDALs UH SessaNS TayeIA8 Yon eet Sess 09 pave gns og ue ad ayy THUGS JuLod AeptOM Be 290m ati, “eBvurep 36 yo 8 op ued ado youn 20 oton “soon Reap a Roow endure = “gin os oa Fx Pa z ‘uSton aren ovonp ray ed eae Etna ae ttn ieee eae aa opoaie oy, “saJ0q o1229N00 30 WoO. ‘pavaoy dxom pee soy pur sodas And omg ath saoties vet pus Buguunws pao FamTY Yox9 eM ay2|eUHGo ponds xp 30 9e mE, UONOA 14 ‘sored pue 2008 Aressioon ous yi aod ax2u oy 01 pienso sao pens Sta sfey panout wa ¥ Aq poreyg a1 30 ong, poqurrydas pre 400 1388 0F 97 4514 105 oysoyp wor s fed a pus pomutes pus Zang aya punos gad et aZ¥e ow eg INO ‘shn out Yatss yo 4 partnbor amy our soprys ang ay a8 ‘Seine worDoarp ¥ us quin|d aqp Go OF o4 powtoye st oYod ou, vem '84 dopoom y2oys # 329suI 0 spousal asap ap 19 U3 BT "panrend 2 puroype 19919} ‘Susiues wou aod waded o4 pousyy ‘overpeap ayy, Peonpas;u st axtd zo zappel Ul Ey 2 oy oy, ‘P2E 40} ponom sy WELL PHO ay 83) 9tp 053 0 padoyduca s zope voor hy uy, “aoeyd 51 2yep UPD axpd ajod 20 oppor Og ag $0 wo2315 Jo poy wou: poage aumonas wear-peap xusoreuss amen OH PUE postes st ojod any, -¥e-0T “Buy of UNOS Pe mouroNp ws Ze puw suonpsatp yuasayrp aon Ur red weddn ay 04 poysene are ones vou Sng) uur S9[08 sony jo uor2030 103 paKoqdwte #1 pow sofa oyn29y uaaze 25 psn Ayensn 5 porpau spod ¥o1120q “oq osm axe ‘pogo wow-posp pue poyiows 3900-yors42p oun ‘Suns0S 9ue Coneunss Uojepesu) jeouDeEy 's covered with conerote) This provides stat If the width ofthe pole ib due to tho straightoning oy 1, the top) and when of che vonductors. wrens guys are coneroted (the gu bedded in a line 10126. FIXING OF CROSS ARMS Gross sr The ground man kelps th raterial ‘Tho cross aria is fixed to shown in Fig, 10.9 (a) Various types of and on the brackot ulators are ly to the poles shackle type insulators ited on the pole, Jn the case of dise insula- tors, used on poles at tarminals and at angles the straps used! for fixing the insulators to the pole shouldbe so connected that ‘hey ean move freely in hori- zontal direction. The arrange- ment is shown in Fig. 10.39. ine ( ive strength and ri depends upon the tobe carried. One end of bracing is attache nd fing of guys, 85 arms on tho pole. In some Double Cross arm Fig. 10.38 ips and bolts and nuts as shown in Rig, 10.17 to the intermediate le cross arm fixed with long bolts 10.27, FIXING OF INSULATORS ready been diseusted in this chapter. tors are fixed inthe holes provided pole, The insulators are then mounted in their places Fixing of Insulators in Vertical Configuration For HV Lines dof 30° to 60" Angle) a, 1039 «operation, vets Tames an ition Uns _ 1028. CONDUCTOR ERECTION ‘The erection of conductors is a line and the future tors. This phase tant phase in construction, The appearance o depends to a great extent an the proper erst ors (All Aluminium or ACSR) axe received eden drums, - ring the survey of suitable haulage roads not the route, as th Acliveryof the correct drums on site. As ooon asthe conductors arrive lengths marked on the-dram should be checked against the order. Unloading of Conductor Drum rom Truch strong boerds, the mavement ‘of rope as shown in the figure should never be dropped. They may bo rolled down as illustrated in figure. Even when lying inthe store, the conductor drums should be kept off the ground and protected fram (i) Running Out (or Paying Out) and Stringing of Conductors. After removing the covering, often called the from the drum, it should be checked if any nails or parts are on the inside of the running out or ware Various methods ar opted to support” the conductor drams ‘ng running-out are heavy jacks, and ground exeavs: tion method; the Intter is by far the most yop Inthismethod, hal are excavated Uren or Runing Out of Conductor in the ground, the length of the hole being From Drum and Stringing of Conductor +23 cm longer than the diameter of the drum, Big 1041 ie drums during ‘tars from the top of the drums, ‘important when running 6} ents any damage due to ehafing, ane sm or ACSR conductors, prt eye ssn pe essaoa apg ee papas iy UA stappIoAvun axe sxoponpuod poxuyosasoyyo outd sox Doro -20}0q 300 saroespunt jo BuatBng pen Pures 7 overtatens are suojonpuco omy wy Arse Shiau RUeaKe posodoid ou SuuNoye eeseeyp 2 gut popracid og plnoye scout somnpretny gy, put temede layne eyecare Dut seasyp woneain ay azoqs suomsod ye amp ex pita sts sey yer eh Pevenfpe syooyg Huruuns pus posowar ae 9} Syo1H9p [IV “PayDoy> 99 68 2% Moms pus 2 “Spet}s699 o sn}onpuc ay o1 poi ot wOLsUEn Tootamsng ogroed snezedos ¥ wary pasesodo pure sbuyyy Au om ul poesodsonut antes eee “gout w ya tayo POM uP IEA UH up oN s HuorsUOy,“Petpur, Hu sopnpuoo jo 322 "39 sqoadl v0 Spundop aod HuqUOIS a “ONS Ut oy, 05 uae 0g quays azzo pa ‘apex aae eyo! towsuoy wedep tang] m9 Ae9g eae oye Gaonoxd oy podem st 97 euinpu “sue ssoHr ays Uo por are 292019 219 AY “siod Zurnsuay ey wos aoutoc pu oun te porate aoa “oe oreasuy wosuon ay “eauousteor sven weode m0 99) UN "aoFOMpUD| Jo ayes Paw Buyworsuan, ithe te so os pu ‘aii 200 tortie opocid w no un oy avenoyd wy Auano ao pond 99 pInoys sonorpaeD emis oF st Hes ogy Spoqo- sump oft OKA punoy uoNg oe YL “PHOT oqGRE uo Strojaan ted ‘saReqURApR sey Lome} ayy, SLOPNpHND ous mo Bey serjtad a ang Sunoeand Ay yeas oy apa pu ojonpae avo suo Bes sdooudue Au 2) pesouda Sesoual sy seqoen x0 oe Y sop Gq Load Sense a18 exo pL A ug omy 15 seuss jo opoo qaoroye we 9 ne aso) suon indo Stasutae Sang, santozodo y-Semuuns Buzanp 2Beurp aud "OK Jers Me} a Buquuns 94 som04 {240} Jp 09a of UL pauraoea $6 0 pata 39 A pmo sung 1 oyp wt st Hes 297 Jo wopog aH} [UN poanipe are szoqanpLCD suaonpueg Jo Busieg Hy, “8uR|d stUS UL pEyEIOH 9q ‘vs ayg uo pasnagy ane auanacd 04 019 ‘S124 “eaouy azta-poga fp eure qn got yp go dos 249 78 poaEs0] 1M ST aaKn WW Use ay aay 50 sown sedosd oxo poncadde oxy quem pub" nssou9 03043, pay Fpjnoys uawsey ‘a0 4a atte, ayo o epouseut ory 01 poxy sjusdosd rong 2 areydaoo “dn pod > spiny se “syuaaord pur efsnoer‘syeue9 aror hy pastes HpUO9 a4 ‘Sajod wo Raqunour ay; suveur sxorNpIC9 jo SS Yoga og Bue any puodgesne9 24) x iy pauteyyo es ay, "ua80 yeanpead £8 ued aeeg ayy fo YAS} yoursoudde Bua 10 as SIG "uoHads aya Jo sippea oxy om sie; Np pauiuurasapard oy 2 poeyanzd ‘uo duo Suope-suto e pa You postoead jou st uyssnsTs-a4d 9 ‘Spuadsp ampasosd auyaotewo} jem YOY Hod ‘edureyo canine pa ‘paason jo are szoranpuaa aig an st jueo aunpacoxd a oyu punosd wea paansos pu ‘iossouy-su@ asaya G0 “Bes oy da paynd st 30 Suva 6g 0 payne 39 uvo szzpubo on, 430 postoead st szojonpuoo oy 7 Buseane-o1d ou, “edoud {aers ey Aepods some sey “suotsuounp pus ed nd 10 padoydca sdwoys oma yo sex auURIOdaN 51 9p ino Wor saowlyp 20430 08 'ozonpuoo ayn no Hou 205 yy quonaud 02 sv 10131 [99 ogy, fc ‘FT apna Bae WORT Bea 7 Sia ae ae ie eS" Elgctical Installation Esinaing and Costing pletion of work of sagging of conductors the tension inst hod use for it depends toa grest extent on the sizes types of clamps being employed. In ease of high t is not advisable iletely and make a aS The ment ocr pty seen en ps wih ig wth ‘small size conductors. Such a sleeve is made of aluminium and applied on the damaged part lope tar eseren ana Tle deohcen aps ete eget inte Same! wes eee eee: ——=] © prees the sleeve on the damaged conductor, working first towards Srocae neuen mine a sara Repair sleeve is shown in Fig. 10.45. ‘of ACSR Conductors, A jointing sleeve consists of an oval, thin walled aluminium Fig. 10.45 si ge any ent he te ab te oi Sat ouoe r nd MOSReonee ee gs te Song 10.29.2. Jointing of Conductors. The use of mid-span tassios joints is a eubject on which there are different opinions. Some engineers do not ts except for repairs, ‘while others do use joints oa new construction, Overhead Transmission and Distribution Lines Too much stress is put on the mechanieal p ‘lectrival requirements, Some jo Seterioration ‘and ascombly, since joints have often to be mato under difeult mn in poor light and bad wea seers Joints are of splice, Britannia, merried, sleeve and compression typo, 1, Spl Joint. This joint is generally ussd with single strand creuerors conductors. The ends ef the conductors to bested ae srappod and. oy sxomaL OF st dogs 3x0H KL, “SAOLVINSWOPINANHOVAY ONY BOLOTIONOD JO ONNOMIGO TOT ‘oe yo spou 2601 iy ut uaoys sx dass v yong “posta you ase sua [oias puE a ‘an09p as a sry cr an sopmp wD Wy ay AUDI Pu pond aA ueHBId UO cy au yBoayy passed st rags rey? paoqatisoq sy weor Ay 20 s0;mpUNN UsO¥ sn unig pug: pou adi, woteeoc duoc) ons jo zaged uddua ay, 13 pur sain ayn: ‘Buypus-peap say pan “seanys on vonva0q Suipue-prap xo} Afoaisuanxe pas STONYNSUL appEYS “ous Ay NS poe TARR eaNING ante yaui0o yo 94 ag prnoys Aiquasse ‘soyeuruey a 9q 01 exy-sioraptios am canyzarto pur SaNVIDONEGVED or ‘a9[8 19015 JO 9669 Uy atop sea SB fem aures Ot UF eumpeu uosssondtaCo MF YpEM passardiu0d st anges CANE ayy pu sojoy 25ay a4} Ut poyrasus ase aBina po ne[9 umqutemye aya wo popivad 9304 29 OW ‘suoyanpriog omy ays Jo $0209 anpuco duo wo HutuUeg oy 8 ns ay) VeanGoq JuLOdpm ay Wats ‘st 2a29p8 ummmmnye ayy yo d2;U29 oy Tey} Pamoue a4 ploots ‘2n99]8 [oays passoxdlio ay dain ya9q pod et It POROWUT 805 UN “ana 19 4109 J0 TUN Og, ;Ponbitex st Pano oq oy 8x0f3npuig ety so} BURDUEG aM MONE“ "wom uesmieg bayesus q youuED Ladd i ABA. B yp UH FU 10190 949 op oTpprUL sapxosdd ye fooy wrseosdiion w Ag possod yar Spe 049 ogy WHY koa B rodeo your op ap 0 SuoHI88 OM og Bul amnesaxd 009 ‘ang sf 28296 ayy, ~aAd0je 94) 39 aayed ey vyons wi aso Re a4 Oya, PayAAEUL sf SAO IMPLOD a Jo 34 ‘st punog st sojompuod om spuEaS MNALALIN|E 3A [oe om adeusy pee may sprrene ‘ONO St wu ZT MIM enools sco faons aN Yo YH PAD pads s pure papayas oy aoqanpuod ayy Buyppeue ‘uonepno pur aseaid pay potay> pues pause ey, soToNpAED YE 1UOF 20 pasn et axaop at du) 83 Bysip bas Gunman Coat irae in Aran 8 pow sep9| sup a = Bleticaltnstallation Estinatng and Costing (© Conductor and Binding Wire (©) Conduetor and Binding Wire Fig, 1084 ders ave used on gos such a8, in ease of breaking binder wit hold together the conductor and prevent it from coming into contact with the cross arm. ‘SR conductors are wrapped with a soft al the stirape. On etraig tor is bound in the top angle positions binding is done ‘that the Istoral pull not the binder. Soft Copper binding wire is used for Dindi 1. At intermediate and angle jand on the side ofthe insulator gets away from the poe it will ‘inain near the inaulator and not fall on the ground ‘The eonductors are attached to the pes of conductors as it copper binding wire ing the conductor toi Stirrup Binding Rg. 10.56 case of copper ators te lay. tape are wrapped over the conductor ia the portion where it touches the ineulator (Fig. 10.53). ‘To prevent the strands of AA or ACER conductors from damage by friction against the insulatar groove, an aluminium ‘ape is wound on the portion of the conductor to be placed on ae Ovethoad Transmission ard Oistbition Lines fa ‘The top conductor groove contour should be euch that the cond the conductor ‘This prevent load concentration at any pr © groove luctor is tied with the insulator botween the U-elamp at ‘ig. 10.57. The separate wires of the same métal as ine changes its angle. The insulator will be under compression most widely used method of binding of strated in Fig. 10.58. This method is known as Western Union Method of Binding of bi Re. i 1032. JUMPERS Q 1A) seen table damp. For ho AS mnged in such 9 way that under ‘here is a minimum clarence Jumper Used on Terminal Pole of 0.3 m between the ors.and the othor met Fig. 1059 Darts. PVC eleoves or-porcelain beads are provided on jumpers to avoid bindage. 1033. TEE-OFFS ‘The tee-off from a line should be taken only from pole and not in the middle of the span. While taking branch ie from an existing line for supplying villagers et, iti essential ha ng phase to phase clesranoe aul has o-enrth learance are barred: Dear Should not be directly connetal, Where mutals uch as copper and alvniiam ined speral connector with an inlaretion bre washer shold be used. Paral ps reused for conneting sia conductors at branch postions Off Arrangement. A single cross arms ted to take the two ower 4 conductor is talon fom an apebalt. A second eye-balt may be arth wire, Tho pole shoud be of ulicont height to enable various ini the roquiredmidapan grt clearance from the “ore puna 0 am 90 09] 18 don un ada 209 puna’ om ape SyaAen ‘edd 19 zeoareypyewsoyy om gy “Buoy exnous yoke seep a4 Is De am esor ag Crogieg ad) euodars sup) sepium fo Seng soot 8 4, ‘peop ony ayy aur roomy sony ey a] 94 0 EY oy woeaseg spon 00 PUR Sap amy, unynzea axnanya We 0} 9 sou so Seog syd 20) 8 ypHWo porotuo pie una 9 {Ys 109 & pooaes Zpuopuye pe dqyuaavastod 9g has quo.ano-ueu [eM SJDadsY>RGM sua ‘U Unoys 6 FunaKe atid) swoddns our, uowssrweueds jo Sule Jo otnosten 1 porressu sootaap oy axsaad sua afeyeoy 1 aoeTU09 way paeUu0s a ‘SANIT NOISSINGNWAL 30 ONIALVE FEOF ‘suouaouu6o Jyo-999 pu szaduen( sop pasa daateueyxe axe edt@syD fq ‘289 tm poyeasur are Aowa own Huo} 205 Aoworouya \ Sxeysem paw sajog ‘sine fers pozyuRayeB yyLm papianad pure acoatd [2 orsouic0-tiow payee. syjercods yo apeta are edun}o oy, "worse 0} jeuyoeUr JepEr 30H ae slay AMPED in age scuamya osaqy, -edere79 (9a) ‘oor eg 222 H0-994 AY TT UY "woddne oup jo sBoq oy voomINg payay aq HHO STE és ug ‘sopod'2q1 uemqog wou af oy pest aseyd aryaa9 arp 305304 ‘uo wo partys st wiry ss02s op agstay [RUION Jo BF aod-y OM TOK, “WOT Ag NUNOYS 8 Yoo spOK-y yo prowoRuNAT aU, yuOMTPSMEALY FOL OAV S woot fy owsbuaury Yoong Noa |] amoUEaBUEATY HOO, OAS Sir aang Bar WHS PRINS a BohwoD pae Due CoRR RON (@) Guairding For Telegraph Line () Guarding For Roilway Line 1 Qvethead Trantinisidn_ and Disibuon’Lines (Cage Guard Sytem (9 Box Type Guard Sten, Fig. 10.64 SHE3) Joisod pumgano 4) S4soNpUCO YAR J0JO}oNpOD soddos 9109 ps HARI DIMS ¥ “SoUr] womsIuSHESL HO WO DAS] DMS FON LOIOMpUOD roddoy -F ‘wpadses [FU ggy on mAQD jfeus Sou, -poseyd stqooua soo se Dns sy23p wm 20m “paya AtysnosELUrE|onIed yo apeet udu sy Rgens Seeynsuy Avg SORT LT XO SIO 0INSEY SIG “SSI OF uuosiod ns umgG x LEG, oF TYE LOFEIMENY apyoEYS Jo azts aN, sHeKd 1B Koes ‘exoeu> paw sepoy Se YIRs—saFOp wos} 393) “pONUA fous posmagrazo at sioysem Due synU ‘e909 “duase you 1) e[eozod parsy8 onrya 10 UoO2A apis apqNOp em SzopUTTUE J] ah opyoRUS oUFT IFT PwOGIaSG 104 SIOAUINSUY ayASES “SST 04 muOTUOD TeUS Komp Sydsat oy ea ‘poytans Sugnoxorn oq ney ‘yd soaps pu ofaydtoo ‘sorngowgnesr povostda yo boo o open saoyoasu (od oup o) od vt AT “OMY AX TT 40g SIO,E|NSU “T P ue sxx pu sox org stsedeaa uo ur pi pe uBraiogy 04 shee ort corr sanea oe rr senior Lt | aa ge sonow ore axa 08 saw ere oa 09 079, sanomr est "new eet abe econ | emanate “meee ate wre won a wee carry weis oa ge SNOLIVOISIOSS INVINGaN ANOS EO) ‘SHRI; poqerosoud a¢p umue x9 enon 4829 ax peptao;d “Z'ge'OT a 8% 91 Hunursop2od soy eB pores ayy ae paatBiaua aq Ket asarp ‘auw aij Jo syuspisar ayy Puqutzoyuy aye oBBy[04 uy yp “uorgezado Lyme jo sunoy soy v zou eB uv sotny ax TT ‘SuCqHN Ur yeaecdde sy BUpad Joy “UOM 2:p anoge poussoyur st angerbosandar si 20 oymyg ay9 Jo soqodert [URE a10y0q “Fanomoqy “Sutuossrara.0 29 9 6 uy ayy “ANTE PouAOS.t SH onoqe pouoruoM seep aye Bunn HOD wogy “SOUYT JO BU pandious '980] 20 8 O1 2) soumareas waze9 omy uaop Baraq oy woysY ay pInoys sds AressanaN 5 OT WEN axo¥ 9 4 puney ot aouistax yea ayy asta uy staq uy £q perdenbasy cUorodT Be afens Ue alu wo "a a 3 ay Zo wojod oat wo “extn HB ota uo sane sou 20 sounyeteen Upave OU, WAL aDUDIepeAyy YLOg (2) ‘DHE Os tM 855) 09 200 prnoys aoraMpIDD pEMpEaIPUE;O ‘HL 40880u A 990'T ¥ YHA aB4C2| 20} ponsOY 1 UI up JO oBDY UNG “OUT AY TT CD sey 889] 94 208 PIOUS eR NpUOD Ywa Jo aT a0A30W A QOg © 20} Peoso) a orp Jo feRnoU pay asuyd YoU ‘SOUT (A FE /eTA)ET O ou w Hat pateanjad st 95 STU, 8Rz, (QLD) 2ouDsIsaRy uoLOpNSUE Rom w yi paypeyo ‘yaduay peo exis oures ayy > achompuog snomt nompuag (2) ‘no povae are sis amor 60H jo MATT 20 om woROAID jo UOFAMICD eH BINNEY THEN ‘Pamsto 29 ose pays ya¥e upc suoNpeuoD dadodg “Hoda ye 184) ormsaa 0 eyes 9 sic}og ‘woRDOdSR Yes9UOH) “TsF 01 " SSNF1 NOLERISIG GYSHUBNO 40 ONINOISSINVIOD CNY ONASSL-9EOF "mojo paqusep ase 83803 yon, + wopersSaati ay aueyoq nq so coz Sou DOGG BO VOSSIURTEL POOR canare Baad al mn | ta on =| scm Pe ‘mo[eq oA 5] see aUazcqIP 403 sxo;onpaED UsDMIDR soUNT¥O|S UIT 1 ‘SYOLONGNOD NESMIAH ONIOVES LEOL [oom ed seats pouay sed 2 44 8 (erp hse sham gor + eaneer age | 198 vooee Ho (0 sonew got or Sanaa ge orn ‘(08 ooo Ag © Sora wane 6 Wein wpe por AL Bupa mage eure porns B8oy00 Bus0g “unum st 3¥s axayan “oF SUORTpUCD 1870% ety vamssoud pur puy aznjwiadtaay unagrem “7 ROWS GL ON oY gy 9pra papuotmcddd ee Simp sax oy “sTPIING WoY GIO;InpuoD zo aaETVD|O WnwsTULU ay, epun souereap umnmtqur 243 aar8 sandy enoge aq, Siew ge Sears aren oqen wy ag | oPonon mot sng ‘mo[9q OAD axe 13] 8p! peputniesar se ‘sxeyonpto9 pu panoud ueangag seoueseaye ‘GWROUS Wows SWOLONANOD 30 SSONVEVSTO ‘Banoo pu Buena, WORE FeousaIS SEO Gs eaten albany ‘The wire used shall be of uniform eross section, smooth and free from defects as spills ete. Te shall conform to ISS jn all respecte, 7 5. 7116 SWG Karth Wire. 76 SWC galvanised iron wire suitable as earth wire for ‘The wires shall be of uniform cross geetion, smooth and i8S in all respects ines. {9 mm x 1800 mm stay rods manufactured from rar phe respects, : AV lightning arresters, expulsion type or all respecte. 02 from defects, fied and smoothly glazed poreolain, Tho fuse shall opeéate without shall stand to tests prescribed by BSS 88 for fuses eakers For LI Lines. 300 A 3 pol é breaker for hand operation. capable of losing the tip the breaker as soon a and making capacities sh 10. Ene inform 1. Type 2. Number of wires 6. Zine, Sire oF 4sire, 3. Voltage 240 V or 415 4. Frequency e. 50 Hz in India (60 He in U.S.A.) 5, Ampores 10, 20,40, 100, 150.4 ete, 6. Revolutions Per kWh 000 revfkWh or 1,200 revikWh ete Induction type or commutator type or Forranti-mereury type. ive. Any standard make 6 of energy meter fr domestic installations are given below Singli phase "| 7 ited Meigatane co Vollgge 240 Frequency 6042 | Zovire Amperes§ or 10. | Rev, 000 F208 the cate may be ‘of macertals ea ‘and Betimatin Oveioad Transiission i ition ‘ines on of Matra lk Compete Speifetions ing and staying ns roquized and e s90r Sy [os |e wR os a enon or oP adc A eI wr a ue pe ot oe oe wo 7 | we fa ft wo eet ee st alee ot a fet on melee s0 ow ' 9 ai eet enny Pas [oar | aan rey | parnin on EG "OS 6 UoRUNEGNS PEF A BET Ww oy Ay BaL BoIppE wo sem pu TeLEHER Jo 4] uO “wORBHEGRE PIE Ay E51 48 Aeq AH ESE JeIDpE J0 4600 omp RY SPOOF] ring, posey 2) 62s | sor somuasuneeg owee'ys 2 = Auris pun sunpup50 f3, suo vowesa ag uous te of 6 ange sa] or 26 wenrotauN pee Ses i] ‘WOT Fepouara uA 00} L08's Twisaa) eo} ose swnetzry} oo} ezz | ge | co} aos] ce | sro ool os |e fools fm} ot oo} oor | 8x foofsr | sx] on naa) sane-au| oa | op foofsr | ep | x ool ost | 0p | oolos: | ep | foe | op Fools | op |. x 0} 06 | 92} oof sx | soe 9} 02 | 99/00! ex | co oof tee ] 3% | ool axe | ay o oy ay oe | op | ool sx | op ee eat | ep foofos | op] x os | foooa | w]e ao [a [reams | 7 Pasta oreyadg sud i" aa [orla[ 2 [en fame [_seosou | pony pee | Gyxome eM URI J tonic Se cane Seamus soe ‘iodans ANNI AVaHIEAO AX TE 40 NEW ONIAVES seewra | retouy || orn | rnin say meen wontiosg Laas og Saar Ta pa RATE RIS Boo FOF ON Da RE jece] local Insaefon Estimating an Costing ‘Overhead nonin and. Osten Lines 5 Is mo. Then "Yeni touted | Rate anata] ‘Ramin Tait | Pinta [Pe] tis ocr 13. | Bus Barend instars 1S Preion 600 M4 | Bavthing and poe feng ~ ao 400 18. | Under funy eelay pane 1 mo | 500 | esen| 500 se | Boosey meter 2 ace, rf ee fate feneh | sae ory Tot aie * o% Transporation o Brocton tun | fa ss Contingoney % rep 13% Tel nn Superisc a ry ren Tes iat struction of 192 KV single 182 KV single ciuie teanemisson Tine (¢o be erected on de towers) is estimsted as batow (per kn basis), Sey TOLD hee om Tew Bons Repeat |e aa : “ante [Cat S a | sappy & | poTomeewihaaeeris || amr | asas | eoo00 | ate | sonsco 2 se | aoe | isoom | km | dessa a ee | tot, | 200 | km | ano ‘ ; ee § : 1s prove 190 Condvcor ‘ a3 Scoundie & 50 6: | Hania & Tle & ese 1. | Tota 00 B | Works | Grmetruin 18 previo sxe 2 | Pores Garane 200 a * 160 ‘ & 2100 5 sien c Boao ». suogees 8. | oat Cont per bm Cont © +D) 25535128 Say 825.54 Ince pr kn has to be erected using 27 kg, 18 long stool poles and corner vnrage span of 150 of raterial required sad Solution: Length of 11 line = tim © 1,000 metros [TE UP Kletrioat danas cand Estimating ll, 1888) Average spa = 150 metres Number Number of 27 kg, 10 metze long si = 8 (allowing one double pol Length of 812.642 mm hard drawn bare expper conductor = 9 times of length o run in Sphase, 111 uctare for every 1am run) net 296 for sag (as 8 conductors ne) 103 ax 1000 x 122 ~ 060 at 8% 1000 x TE = 3,060 | Area of cross section of 312.642 mm copper conductor a Fx 548m = 16.44 mm? = 0.1644 em? Weight of erpperroquied = Deuiy of copper, in gm/em® x Teng inem X area of 49 13.000 > D.AGEA gs = MATTE guns = 467.127 eg or 448 bg (ts) List of material required and cot ie given below: [SNe] Detonation of Matera! Wak "| Quanaity Rate “Amount | emorls Camplate Speieations Beguired L [enna] [el er | ee 1. | Rail poles 10 Jong, 21 kg % |nos [6.80000 | each | 52000 [0 12 6 | do |1,300]00) do | 9,000| 0 or sng oes 100 ma 100 «33 mong 1 | 4 [3000/00] > } 000|oo| ror Hepat 4, | op insta bras 6 | do} 100/00} do | aos!oo) 6, | Bara wire caps 7 fo} oloo} ao | 420/00 6 | Croee-trscinge 1 fest 1.30000] see | 1.00) 00| Ror tte 1. | Lv pin inuators compte wid pian | 21 Inox | 200] 0 each | «200/00 §. | LLY div insulate complete witidet| 6 | do | eon |a0| do. | 5400| 00/9 on ech si nd clasps or team 8. | v.642mm tard drawn tarecoper | 448 | kg | 450 [00] tg | 20.0000 candace 10. | Gl wire SO aga | m'| 270 ]00| ke | 27300] o0 a oe | kg 12, | 16 SW copper binding wie 25 [ie | 780/00] ke | ta5|o0) 6 }n08 5,000 00 each | 20.000 | 09 oot wt 20 mde p oyu, * rose 6 24 cote « oso = ex i, = roves oguny ons hy aor = 2 oso / saxow OOT = weds aerany BA GET syBom ay L | ssi one = eazy = oon ay» WUE] seeps Oy amptn 9 gir = wn 219 aeonpHE NEON : wat , hae FE 25 erm po ees soa © ay ue an eget tot : sano o's» 8 scoot xe « A inoay) ssed 0) aneq [YM sury ~oayour oY jo weds aRzz04 a sm se 9 ey Ea at 88 re ATT oe Bor any ng + 1% = pouinbaz Zo1onpuoy um ge x 19 30 ysl] oa = seeds 50 aogua ee HN wogt = weds aBeseay "weRIOR, S00 e800 ony a nip wonepedrons pus 92608 wy a wap] ‘ae "00 one got 342 oon my esp (oust A211 smug up unr sxoanpu g se) | co) vend 7 ‘ tt 00] ‘ ts : = oo cpa: | a Joo | ocese | 4 Z ole | (on 3 2 oles | ay : i tole | oe fa 7 * jee 7 é ex foors | oe J ; sr ua [ooo | rfc so : tac ow | a) 2 ale py final Hi | ns i 7 nome [may | Ege a aaa serpents ny = J x_| Gomon | sam mame contd — bays 09 wn 20 Pepa Pano oy << eaae een oR ae tans De a aT TANG pis Wasa RUS i NERD We Rory SoA REE ———— tes: yen z si a ere } ™Plete Specifications 102 for sag 19, ol = ax aam x20 = 4.790 See 3x80 oD Sto og is given below ‘esrion of Meteiat With ‘Qiensiy | Rave Complete Sperificions Rogue | aucncloni) | | Br a6 fom Bemarke ach « to ste of work 904 bok, 8000 or single or Eypx Ola 82 pas 78.700) 00} Foe doable ; bartmental ck

  • /eo! eer, Hn 10 |= | solo! m | soo|oo| 2004, s20¥ anitch se mit with NE_ | i | mo |8:000/00|esch| son] | ase at Tt int 1 Jeet | ec0]00) eact| onan ack apo 28mm with mates HP | 1 |roit | a jon}erct| so a ‘all dria te colt theo auch a 1000) tep sa Pd wi, danger lt, ees ce provi ‘Taal Storage and transportation chars 55, Labour charges 108) [plesees Orend Teal [B7ERT| Say 7800; 2 Leagth of Overhead. Transmission. and Dishibufe Lins, + Bt ACER co | 226 am ruis and wasore yo sez bs Iau = 800 + 6 + 18 = S06 mets oF hake Guanaiiy | Rate TP Anon Retail ati ela 9 o oo 99 o 09 5} 0] 00 8) Real eater 2 | ao] a5fon 10, | Barthing se compote 2 [aot] 5200] oo] 11 | Stay sts camplte 4 | | 5000] o0| 12, [MB chemel xn 25am x 8 {aoe} a00] oo mm 87 max Om ng ‘sits note and ble 18, [Bots 18mm x25¢mm with | 2 | do} 75] 0) sass end were 14 | Bots 16cm «225m with ao} 60) 0) Epepmlgas ot sons ayn on ao open, Seo Bue 0} 4 OPE PUN SPT mm Ty CA STP) 9 oNGETE se ungnasne Aaxpuonee 2g eBoy eign ou a 19EM eo oe HU Ham Tran yo ORME pe AeUNMALY ‘yecoNeD2o MNASe a SH {SINS Sls sam0d Boe WE AE amUA aD a 2H IHD EHO oD 8 comes OAH 8 pote MRM se3Misnv nium sNoii S30 auAL HanisNY LNOHS Pg 907 peewaso ateyon HA HIM 2) OA) LN paNjEE ae COREY Ba wolsuadeNe A ‘AC 08 Doge porn oq muueD Hayes pe gee [piteeneona-neracmetea {20H pasqiow ay eopnpee sds sao pasejad S Grange pee ta 2 shan Zeogs pus 43199 1 sind 2A 99 woe oop 4 fon gM a esos Grstodns ot Aieus spsaep yp wosearsen pu uote HO £90009 (ose wa a2 ‘Sere sy ap oo Was an sel 3 URED Foubes ap AL Sqa pow pds wagy pur onemunveA oi, eaqios> 32 aupLeND y uotssnusaes Jo 18 ‘vate ain ‘sone ou ssonen pu snot enwct9} 99 wo ewe8 YHyE HRA 9b 4 yor A 0) boa ea 2 IAS Bue PHENO Ue Posn GINS F “oN So;IpUOD INEdo smo) 49 9 even ANTE serine ede ou) UCP HUN SL x a aS NRT, pean oe (soot Seumeay ay neal Suoonpto paseuep jo But pu Asuede jo epouata aks vtanabe Jo (e651 aa wear} Sxonjace Jo Sexy pus esd yuo a apna ouy woiaguiep Jo tonenaseee loser ade dante pur Suneaneg opm “rn ELE loner Susi09 pew Sopemneg "ogmESL en "TL Jo TieG 2 uate po PenyED Ut pAeN NENG! Jo HEA STOLEN mp Sa nL NORSTWHUEE © Jj anpNpay Joe Jo sxoD ag) UAAOR HONEA “sAwR] Oy BaFONS ey om Sep LUA HEL oP pooot ‘yy {490809 oF Tareduce sonpore 2 ce ayuy jo Bega yuk camenpues aSoy H tra’; sefmueape ay are y¥eq) J seule jo Bupa hy "oteddne coy Ay TT Aue Jo sunpacnd ae 7 em o 99 7 esod onion Jo wane Jo an o9y 48 po mn faup ato yy saesaats Sue aeoqe ‘sony 4 980 (0) 50 piaom ns set, als aren Go) 4 swoxper soquins pons pe IRE pu 4 sam pap Lame ‘get ous pu aoyresp ‘ape ouea a 4 onod jo wesderp suy anig cerameenea ue Aunoiue? way, oteanes Asoo EEE 020. cero eot 2 Hs an wney 25) uate sruehagueg % pt sta gy doloor, | Ke vais wopeindewar pus a8enig oojoeeene | tee, ogni ne poke qo 5 et ye wo © |e step pen sot oer loaree [aoe [oo sow, es ey prey eq | non | yn marae fo wentoeg ‘Sune pu RUREIRES UOTE ieee “Sechaba Esinatrg and costing le tind in « dstibution ling Gepend ? bation lin depends upee the flowing factors. tar tom the ground. ors to bo nied sad minimus voscalclearanes between conductors le to be beri in he ground (tot one-stth of the total ength to be mal) ‘Ans. ACSR conductor stands for aluminius concer steel rinored conductor. ‘Q16 Why are conden for tonamisson lne sanded? ‘Ans, Allcanictors uid be overheeé transmis Hoe are ctrahded oat increase the fey ize, except of smaller srs, are dia to bande when used for long spss ted tal to crystalline at the points € supports barans a evaging in winds 27 hy earned el wie ot el fr ERT Iw fr Ue pute of traning are mounts of gamer over a log distance? ‘Ans. Tae guhanised ate) wire ts not suitable fr RAV tne forthe purpose of tranimitting lege pgunt of poner rng dates tae of por cmd, gs Irs soa urroat and bystervi, ‘An. Oning tothe dificulty of importing it base of ek a fervign exchange hr ou foun. A2t9 Why sultsteand conducars are prefered at compared to acid conductors? (BALE, Ut, 18h Ans. Refer Anever of Q. 16 (Q20 What is the fnston ef eres arms’? on ferns ares i to hee the Hw condi a 3 see distance from each sthee and froze the pole Qat What are the factors on which conductor spcings ani ground clearance depend ? Ans, Factor afficing con nay is voltage wb factors alfing grand clearance ane weliags Grae Tain Cuban ‘Une a rethead tino intulator must poets? here potses are: High mechant Tigh eatio of reptring eng "so ‘odutors to the earth through tine support, od up to 30kV? ‘9p inulatrs becom bulky, cumbersome ard can ge of SOY the pi ope Insulators bacame bulky, eutnbersome and coy, aad therefor, cunponsian ‘pe fasulloe er se, Q25 Whore and why 30 Where esp tye ‘Ans. Eas 1396 tela o roy insults, sxe used in guy cables, where it is necessary to insulate the ler part ofthe poy sable from the pole, 31 Why ay ce provided in aay wie? ‘Aus Stay insulators aoe provided in 1 insite the lower part of guy cable fom the ple fe I on gre stay sete aru provided in overbeed lives? esti to provide lay ssn feed insta etay supports at angle end termina! puta te the pull due to conducts. Ans, To inticate the working vltge oft lino ad caution the people agicit vik é lie 936 Why barbed wice is provide ‘Ans, To caeyuard agzins the cling af unnutharae pees? 37 Why beads are used for jumperet ‘Ans, To avoid bine insulating beads ait put all leg the jumpers ‘eryiag malar af bighwoitage tly connected te earth, Por His purpose a cotincous earth we # mom 6 2 8 ¢ @ Ce a a eqs aon ota ys 2© poo apni Huatep ai so soved “airitou jo wtdat wane somo o wonepsir boo ‘og pimote poptsoud sy ummumye 30 x0 Sop "peay 3 Yeas seem yunded pore osm poco 20 saga poxstures 20 Jal Kao pre WON poeneur ops ‘maou zo xoddoo papunsts pata Jo (3 10 any en) ico Jo oqut¥ ao aos fertioy ‘10 9 samc o80y04 3 xed o uozstacouns ay pate Bye> omaxstopt "nog oa 9 smos4zopon we Jo woysnaqeuo9 foaote ays, “HiaVa TONOLSNISNOT-TWaaNGS ey "pnpoos YSOV HO U9 seBEU a oy Kou Dep Benen} 9uE Buts63c0 noon. uo zapon zon dn pra pu uorgejnsur uso A ta popuadlypeesuormpus os ‘non poyemnsu aosonpuoo ous ew pauls aq Len 21469 aeoTD yy So Se oo Ge AOE ran atet DeTrnosy seen sey og oh aaigeunssogqio =| mee He NaS 9 wo aieaneg Po{atey amoejnereur pus ute ur soainoiuy ausooy ‘SyoUaN Nat ‘ease pre afeyo0 ay Uodn puodap Um posn sq jo ad oy, SFU pootian oy itsod tox pon sunseossnouna an ony ZTE 3 Sxpog apa eteSon ao Soueyeeans pe snus owas ao‘: jo sostas20j soe puorzoan sted soup 20} 20 anssoaaKH 09 pow. ‘roy aus teqan payseduoy ay AeueuoRRED ng "ToLLmnsuND peer one east sono 1 ara; raNO JO uoRNeUEE uP tors Hoy Punailippg ‘sadeyueape enovouun 913 eqs Faaod Supe Jo oRyNgLSTp us woetaduoo wr squ> puncadropun ‘syustap pas snc ayy s8n9stp Om Jp wojania—sNszY UHM uORS=ND EAL JeKSLIy ‘ a4 ow sag. s21089409 Burqexodo ayy ‘S8718V9 10 NOMVSESEVID SH ypu jourono syrownaysuy pur sourgoeataBbyfox (2q9 sodeaq oe soz omy, pus Pug “MOLD IMIU jauoug “OL Sacpua aosout pure yuaunsyeut20y poon senna soul pataA09 ‘crates jo statroqnbar oy wodn Sumpuadep Butsanao 1a efqnep ni] ovBars © aay Set J0}mpRoD ayy, eo} oBfon AC UE pas St SHA “uonIeg puD ans ‘spsorind yax8aqeq pu uondoyy soy vogue aE 0} Pose aie! af ey wmpaw AD puDasysta TouUND Taq oon nq doqqar on 25 1 pyousd-oying -g “Harpo oxmmbau you op sayqan yaNg “BY 01 gy ot GUEsEUEO Buans iP sy] “mdoosos4y st fousyem Suet Srioqe peo S280 aanoyoudazmbax soqqeo Yong ‘saeyers amy joipe ‘unoteciod uit peyeco axe saozzine ey pue aoypnpuos oy 01 Uo suquto ay], "sonjme qroous A794 26H 4] “ysturea quae poremD Pst sy “adny aupduy 20) 2 ! i 10} B]qeamns 4x04 puny wea aney sajqeo 90 ating 94 v9 s9[gp0 qons ‘uordosqe Joum mot soa pre ep fem mt pasoydiue aq Ue yore AY LT 93005 b “semoys“Sajgua TOMO UH Osn pes yeroduuay nureeyg gf quE,eU09 suDapoRp pul UN i puo woRkvo pad poysray ays 300 ue oz jyaapew ureze9 wim passapa4d Sty SuMETEoXS 203: [more en Systeyg cg noo MAH TUAS WH I, pIOPD Fumncoc “Ba}Q80 EA 3040 Sgeanp pu ssoudsoqD op Sumo ‘ams ove sunt ayy arog so sores Bepinod 9q 09 are not 2p oxo kaze paedttoa ur afejoa nol 36 uornguistp 40) s\renonied pur "gnats PUD wotesrmeuns ut ano yo eypof as] FuSosuD> 20} poon oe sqgno potent Sade ‘8 1NOqe BH OFEROENT sede Poreudoadua 30 jueyeu09 axapoqor ayy, MALAY QB-—OL ey GE woge eH yASuar Sa soevocout wonejnsuy daled Jo voyusaidan ay, orradx9 [eu Go 1egels ay radii gu noes ut aBuByD YsoOUNE Y 2,¢e1-)9 Jo seated woe 018 (008-98) sBanaeaoduioaSurRsado 38 AxteooMA GBI wsareodosd ey saps anny oy pastedas ate spunoduoo Sune aiwusarca pre paup woqy er uo pod fade sede a cnonp ‘omnis Sutptaond 30g samp sejnonzed ayy wo Humpuedep arse pue 0 Jo swompiodoad|jenoe mp ‘uses st porto eaputus9pexd- dav of soeodind uonwaaaid 6 anoqe st 2(geo paw Joded yo aunyezadutey ns aus wo pesmun a9) aq 03 pares 3 ny pazeany AT esonay 99 tas SPUD uy “puede _sS50u0fo1U9 pastel at ‘wore Yay ssooord poe aot YB O10) Pap Ysky ouspoeAed 04 oy 0 sted apio ar punosiyas ayy ut 189 J0 2 yong Saige ‘seu s0qa%e “999M 1 7 noni paelbopary Susy pee Bantanss waRgiER ISIS we ___Sloctical iostiaton Estimating and Coeig ccablos for operating veltage up to 1,000 V. cables for operating voltage up to 11,000 V. bles for operating voltage up ta 33,000 V. 'HT) cables for operating voltage up to 68,000 V. 000 V. ‘core or multi-core depending upon the type of sevice for which itis ce cable may be two-core, three care or four cove, For S-phase, Extra super cable may be sin se Up, static stresses developed in eablee ave iso of not much importance eo 30 special construct cables, The former type has larger conductor section. The Single core 15 ~ 625 m Single Core LT Cable eng. 112 cables for use up to 11,000 voits are of belted type, The belted type cable consists of either circular shaped or oval or sector chaped (oval or sector shaped core improve 1e factor) cores of stranded copper (or luminiun) eanduetors wrapped arct ;pregnated paper and then wormed together, The interatioes are fl {he eable of eiculsr cross aection. Insulating be the three cores. A lead sheath enclosing th entry of moisture, The cable is provided with two layers of steel tape pre-dipped in compound. ‘The serving over the armouring consists of a compound and then ons layer of impregnated hessian tape. In ordee to prevent adhesion, a coating ofime washis applied to the outside of the cable ‘Tho belted type constr because af developm along the layers of insulation. The cle impregnated paper is much higher across the layere than along the layers, ‘The leakage current on aceount 1 strosses along the impregnated paper power loss at the contre filling and local heating resulting in breakdo Underground Dievibuton Lines —_ in belted construction, when cables are loaded lectric are less strossed whereas some portions are 8 spaces and w 2 Supor‘Tension Cables, For cables above 00 V wires ofc -opper is wrapped the complete impregnation of compound and thus the 6) View of Cable With Sector Shaped Muli Strand Conductors (c) Coes scion of Cable With Sector- ‘Shaped Mattisurand Conductors ‘Threecore Power Cable With Impregnated Paper Core and Belt Insulation Fig. 113 eu ty ant9 Pane 29 Pam preg sands sang aaoey Sosy Imo yivays a1ag 281g wom roe amcoun en iy {109 aunco9e uo torpOR-qUO SuEaRP sR [Qo Res aap ‘oyqeo yo axnypsacimany af ose a 34a ares aT fue ge ato oMaydoonnyE ‘sarqeo sp Ha9q aAnY ‘OAogu pi ‘wo}sa9, Be a1 amy a2jarayp PUP tAAOpyVOIq ‘umnodiic feo Ua ploas oa aspore Jo suomdoFEAap oF Fuso sprOA was, sex} poyINEUED 4 9 ‘ursiy quetino oouexvat 04 anp 2612 aanjzaduio one pu (sty ape jenboun soso eoovds gay pue snoaurafouoy

    eu, saIqeD sp pnt Bun asus 8 84 coped a i Soir) UoANaRIEG puna oy you pion yo wonst29j Jo Srmreyssod eucyosoy pu sndat8e ‘quo st ssons oun3[9 o5 payzatqne nb 6 ory sede eyatp 9un os Buped wo Hevow on sr axa 5 80 at 1 © 10 EBOUAAT 21090-2300 sOyDOA vey OfGED azoa pomveays THAME oui, ()“F2aK, pony] wang s9yQ0D adky, Paoa.zg fo soBopuonpy, ‘pope oT ua pepssoud pu dn py voy at pus aaded parisea oni pauyeags “payeynent et Anonpala Yoo 85 TSH ay sep a 1g pu ad F Jo uorBLAGIED Hf agUD v HpMg THRO. HUA], 79H ©) ‘A 99 07d posn 9g uo so} 04 Ig syyeoue poo] oT 19 064 9 J0 ofEDAPEND ONL pod Suara Jo osmesoq rMOTP s1 BupmIaARANEME OMT aN * sae yo dorocws on Suyo formas spy wo a8 ump oi op er vas Pea ono onto Sand aageod sawn ayo00 yo Jutpue, sun Be + nge9 2dKL IS seo 90143 a4 ‘09 PB] ON [ensn sv advy werSs=q payeuslaxdu nba snl ox Sa109 a0. ays ONY pausvous peo Syesedas swag o awe Wom Ae rir hy eyga oan ‘ee Spenco syqro tg mp aoweaanpnd soneq ancy se.q> pozemstand ame Ay £8 90g 1 9901 en pasm usog any sa\gbo eeayy“eqoo ap Jo soot 3 y So860] Ways ow xe BoA pum saqod FunNElOND yoy aa soseATUE TPieur JO leyusspe sorpoUy "peonpex axoys.ayR ATE SBE] UNEP sy Ue [EEL Baise pur Gunes VORA RINSE Bw lecrcal insiatation Estimating. and Costing in temperature rendored impossible. Su fone. Thus formation of voids in the cables are known as single core conduetor channel disadvantage is due to the fact th i at tho middle ofthe eable and voltage with respect to earth, so ro« ing. eis > the point of view of potential gradiens due to larger diameter of cond solid similar to that of solid cables and is pap channels are produced either by grooving the sheath loctric and lead sheath, The latter arrangement is more comparison to former one but due thi ‘are accommodated inthe hollow filler vribbon tubing and are at earth poten- ‘great care is required to be taken. specified oil pressure and permit it to expand and contract with the loading eyele Leakage of oil in oilsilled cables is a very serious problem, Automatic sign: provided to indicate the decrease in oil pressure in any of the phases. The pressure the cable must not go below atmospheric and a lower limit of about 21,700 Nin? gag ‘set, The transient pressure, developed duo to-sudden inerease of load, should not increase beyond about 86 x 10° Nim? gauge. The joints in the eable are vo Be properly ride so that there is no restriction to the oil flow. ‘The breakdown inception stress for oil-filled cables is 90-40 kVium which is much than that for a aolid type cable. So the normal operating stresses are raised consid. Maximum stresses up to 13 kV/mm are acseptablo for 275 KV and 400 KV oil-filled cables. The curvent carrying capacity of oil-filled cables is determined by allowing a normal ‘maximum conductor temperature of 85°C. ‘The advantages and disadvantages of oil-filled cablos are given below: Advantages () Smaller overall size and amaller weight for given voltage and KVA rating due ‘to reduction in the thicknose of dielectric required. ( No ionisation, oxidation and formation of voids (Gi) More perfect impregnation. (Go) Possibility of incroacod temporatuve range in service Smaller thermal resistance due to decrease in dielectric thickness, so higher current ton possible alter sheathing if) More maximum perm can take place. At the same to close any voids. Also the Fiochstadter, Vogel and Bowde ‘This cable is similar in eons id type except that it ist section and thickness of lead sh typecstle. Tho triangular section reduces alow thermel esstance acts as a pressure membrane. Also there is no bedding and serving s0 thermal resistance is reduced. The eable-is sGrmoured with a thin metal tape so chat the formation of any abnormal ties over its surface ie avoided. The care may have cireular or oval section but modern practive is to employ an oval section, which gives an improved copper space Factor. The cable is laid in gas-tgh somewhat largo soction. The pipe a pressure of 1 {66 BV, Theee-ore Pressure Cable Fig. 11.10 which continually compresses the cable radially from outside 2 cable cocurs and any voids etc. are closed, The steel pipes ustd are coated with a special paint in ordor to avoid corrosion and itis further protected with an «+ impregnated felt "parison with e normal cable, such cables ean carzy 1.5 times the load current, e operating?voltagt:and:thus transmit 3 times power. The maximum_pote i 10 kV/mm and the dielectric power factor at 15°C is 0.6 percent. The stee! pipes provide mechanical protection to the cables. The nitrogen in ‘any flamo. Moreove cables is that cost is v ‘The above cable is pipeline ype. The second type is self eontained type, in which an ‘ditional reinforced lead sheath is employed, the principle being the same as that of former ‘type. Dried nitrogen is fed into the smal pace between dicletric and sheath from and finding its way along the cable maintains tho whole af the dielectric at of about 14 atmospheres. Internal Pressure Cables. Such cables are of 3-types High-pressure gas-filled cables. 2, Gas-eushion eables 8. 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