CURRICULUM FOR BS PHYSICS (4 YEARS)

According to

Followed By

Implemented in

SINCE 2013
Compiled By
Department of Physics

Government Postgraduate College Swabi

Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
 Course Outline for Bs Physics
Semester 1

S. No Course Code Subject Credit Hours

01 BSP- 111 Mechanics -I 3

02 BSP-112 Waves & Oscillation 3

03 BSP-113 Mathematics -I 3

04 BSP-114 English-I (Functional English) 3

05 BSP-115 Introduction to Computer 3

06 BSP-116 Islamic Studies 2

07 BSP-117 Lab -I (Mechanics -I) 1

Semester 2

S.No Course Code Subject Credit Hours

01 BSP- 121 Mechanics - II 3

Thermodynamics & Statistical

02 BSP-122 3
Mechanics

03 BSP-123 Mathematics- II 3

English-II (Communication
04 BSP-124 3
Skills)

Introduction to Computer
05 BSP-125 3
Programming

06 BSP-126 Pak Studies 2

Lab -II
07 BSP-127 (Thermodynamics/Mechanic 1
s-II)

Semester 3

S.No Course Code Subject Credit Hours

01 BSP- 231 Electricity & Magnetism- I 3

02 BSP-232 Basic Electronics 3

03 BSP-233 Mathematics- III 3

04 BSP-234 English-III (Technical Writing) 3

05 BSP-235 Chemistry-I 3

06 BSP-236 Civilization 2

Lab -III
07 BSP-236 1
(Electronics/Magnetism)

Semester 4

S.No Course Code Subject Credit Hours

Electricity & Magnetism - II

01 BSP- 241 3

Modern Physics
02 BSP-242 3

03 BSP-243 Mathematics- IV 3

04 BSP-244 English -IV 3

05 BSP-245 Bio Informatics/ Biophysics 3

06 BSP-246 Chemistry-II 2

07 BSP-247 Lab -IV (Modern Physics) 1

Semester 5

S.No Course Code Subject Credit Hours

01 BSP- 351 Mathematical Methods - I 3

02 BSP-352 Electrodynamics-I 3

03 BSP-353 Classical Mechanics 3

04 BSP-354 Electronics 3

05 BSP-355 Lab - V (Electronics) 3

Semester 6
S.No Course Code Subject Credit Hours

01 BSP- 361 Mathematical Methods -II 3

02 BSP-362 Quantum Mechanics -I 3

03 BSP-363 Atomic & Molecular Physics 3

04 BSP-364 Electrodynamics-II 3

Lab -VI
05 BSP-365 (Spectroscopy/Modern 3
Physics)

Semester 7

S.No Course Code Subject Credit Hours

01 BSP- 471 Nuclear Physics 3

02 BSP-472 Solid State Physics -I 3

03 BSP-473 Quantum Mechanics -II 3

04 BSP-474 Computational Physics 3

05 BSP-475 Lab-VII (Nuclear Physics) 3

Semester 8

S.No Course Code Subject Credit Hours

01 BSP- 481 Solid State Physics -II 3

02 BSP-482 Thermal & Statistical Physics 3

03 BSP-483 Optional I 3

04 BSP-484 Optional -II 3

05 BSP-485 Project / General Viva 3

 Semester 1
S. No Course Code Subject Credit Hours
01 BSP- 111 Mechanics -I 3
02 BSP-112 Waves & Oscillation 3
03 BSP-113 Mathematics -I 3
04 BSP-114 English-I (Functional English) 3
05 BSP-115 Introduction to Computer 3
06 BSP-116 Islamic Studies 2
07 BSP-117 Lab -I (Mechanics -I) 1

Total Credit hours: 18

BSP-111 MECHANICS-I 4(3+1)
Vector Analysis:
Review of Vector in 3 dimensions and fundamental Operations, Direction, Cosines, Spherical
polar coordinates, Cylindrical Coordinaties. Vector and scalar triple products, gradient of a scalar,
Divergence and curl of a vector, Physical significance of each type, Divergence of a vector, flux,
curl and line integral (mutual relation). Vector identities, Divergence Theorem, Stokes Theorem,
their derivation, physical importance and applications to specific cases
Particle Dynamics:
Dynamics of uniform, circular motion, the banked curve, Equations of motion, Deriving kinetic
equations for x(t), v(t) via integration, Constant and variable forces, normal forces and contact
forces, special examples, Time dependent forces, Obtaining x(t), v(t) for this case using
integration method, Effect of drag forces on motion, Applying Newtons Laws to obtain v(t) for the
case of motion with time dependent (Integration approach) drag (viscous) forces, terminal
velocity, Projectile motion with and without air resistance, Non inertial frames and Pseudo forces,
Qualitative discussion to develop understanding, Calculation of pseudo forces for simple cases
(linearly accelerated reference frames), Centrifugal force as an example of pseudo force, Coriolis
force
Work, Power and Energy:
Work done by a constant force, work done by a variable force (1-2 dimension), (Essentially a
review of grade-XII concepts via integration technique to calculate work done (e.g. in vibration of
a spring obeying Hookes Law), Obtaining general expression for work done (2-dimensional case)
and applying to simple cases e.g. pulling a mass at the end of a fixed string against gravity, Work
energy theorem, General proof of work energy theorem: Qualitative review of work energy
theorem, Derivation using integral calculus, Basic formulae and applications, Power, Energy
changes with respect to observers in different inertial frames, Conservation of Energy in 1, 2, and
3 dimensional conservative systems, Conservative and non conservative forces: Conservation of
energy in a system of particles, Law of conservation of total energy of an isolated system
Systems of Particles:
Two particle systems and generalization to many particle systems, Centre of mass, Position,
velocity and equation of motion, Centre of mass of solid objects, Calculation of Centre of Mass of
solid objects using integral calculus, Calculating C.M. of Uniform Rod, Cylinder and Sphere,
Momentum Changes in a system of variable mass, Derivation of basic equation, application to
motion of a rocket (determination of its mass as a function of time)
Collisions:
Elastic Collisions, Conservation of momentum during collision in one and two dimensions,
Inelastic collision, Collisions in centre of Mass reference frame (One and two dimensions),
Simple applications, obtaining velocities in C.M. frame.
Recommended Books:
1. Halliday, D. Resnick, Krane, Physics, Vol. I & II, John Wiley, 5th ed. 1999
2. D. Kleppner and R. Kolenkow, An Introduction to Mechanics, McGraw Hill, 1978
3. M. R. Speigel, Vector Analysis and an Introduction to Tensor Analysis, Mc-Graw Hill, 1959.
BSP-112 WAVES AND OSCILLATIONS 3(3+0)
Harmonic Oscillations:
Simple harmonic motion (SHM), Obtaining and solving the basic equations of motion x(t), v(t),
a(t), Longitudinal and transverse Oscillations, Energy considerations in SHM. Application of SHM,
Torsional oscillator, Physical pendulum, simple pendulum, SHM and uniform circular motion,
Combinations of harmonic motions, Lissajous patterns, Damped harmonic motion, Equation of
damped harmonic motion, Quality factor, discussion of its solution, Forced oscillations and
resonances, Equation of forced oscillation, Discussion of its solution, Natural frequency,
Resonance, Examples of resonance.
Waves in Physical Media:
Mechanical waves, Travelling waves, Phase velocity of traveling waves, Sinusoidal waves, Group
speed and dispersion, Waves speed, Mechanical analysis, Wave equation, Discussion of solution,
Power and intensity in wave motion, Derivation & discussion, Principle of superposition (basic
ideas), Interference of waves, Standing waves. Phase changes on reflection
Sound:
Beats Phenomenon, Analytical treatment
Light:
Nature of light, visible light (Physical characteristics) light as an electromagnetic wave, speed of
light in matter, physical aspects, path difference, phase difference etc.
Interference:
Coherence of sourses, double slit interference, analytical treatment, adding of electromagnetic
waves using phasors, interference from thin films, Newton rings (analytical treatment),
febry-perot interferometer, working and analytical treatment, fresnel biprism and its use
Diffraction:
Diffraction at single slit, intensity in single slit diffraction, using phasor treatment and analytical
treatment using addition of waves, double slit interference and diffraction combined, diffraction
at circular aperture, diffraction from multiple slits, discussion to include width of the maxima,
diffraction grating, discussions, using spectrographs, dispersion and resolving power of gratings,
introduction to holography
Polarization:
Basic definition, production of polarization by polarizing sheets, by reflection, by double
reflection and scattering, description of polarization states, linear, circular, elliptical polarization,
specific rotation of plan of polarization, use of polarimeter
Recommended Books:
1. Halliday, D. Resnick, Krane, Physics, Vol. I & II, John Wiley, 5th ed. 1999.
2. N.K. Bajaj, The Physics of Waves & Oscillations, Tata McGraw- Hill Publishing company
Limited, 1986.
3. H. J. Pain, The Physics of Vibrations and Waves, 5th Edition 1999.
BSP-113 MATHEMATICS-I 3(3+0)
Inequalities and their solutions, limits of algebraic and transcendental functions, derivatives of
functions by formula, application of Leibnitz theorem, Rolles theorem, MVT, Application of
derivatives to business and aconomics, using L, Hospital rule to solve indeterminate forms,
increasing and decreasing functions, taylors series and Maclaurins series, general equation of
second degree of conic properties of parabola, ellipse, hyperbola, Tangents and normals, basic
concepts of analytic geometry of 3-D,

BSP-114 ENGLISH-I (Functional English) 3(3+0)

Parts of Speech, Tenses, Use of Active and Passive Voice, Types of Sentence, Punctuation and
Spelling, Phrase, Clause, and Sentence, Structure of Paragraph, Format of Different Types of
Letter,
Recommended Books:

1. Practical English Grammar by A.J Thomson and A.V Martinet

2. Collins Cobuild Students Grammar.London: Longman

3. Eastwood,J.2004. Oxford Practice Grammar. New Ed, With tests and answers.

4. Murphy,Raymond,Grammar in Use

5. Liz & Soars,J.New Headway: English Course, Oxford

6. Wren and Matin,English Composition.

BSP-115 INTRODUTION TO COMPUTER 3(3+0)

Objectives:
This course focuses on a breadth-first coverage of computer science discipline, introducing
computing environments, general application software, basic computing hardware, operating
systems, desktop publishing, Internet, software applications and tools and computer usage
concepts; Introducing Software engineering and Information technology within the broader
domain of computing, Social issues of computing.
Course Outline:
Number Systems, Binary numbers, Boolean logic, History computer system, basic machine
organization, Von Neumann Architecture, Algorithm definition, design, and implementation,
Programming paradigms and languages, Graphical programming, Overview of Software
Engineering and Information Technology, Operating system, Compiler, Computer networks and
internet, Computer graphics, AI, Social and legal issues.
Reference Material:
Computers: Information Technology in Perspective, 9/e by Larry Long and Nancy Long, Prentice
Hall, 2002/ISBN: 0130929891. An Invitation to Computer Science, Schneider and Gersting,
Brooks/Cole Thomson Learning, 2000 Computer Science: An overview of Computer Science,
Sherer.
BSP-116 ISLAMIC STUDIES 2(2+0)
Tauheed Eight verses to Taught
Worships
Amer Bel Maroof-o-Nahe Anel Munkar
Unity of UMMAH
Kasab-e-Halal (Lawful earning)
 Rights of Human beings
Rights of Women
Rights of Non Muslims
The last sermon of the Holy Prophet
The life of Holy Prophet

Semester 2
S. No Course Code Subject Credit Hours
01 BSP- 121 Mechanics - II 3
Thermodynamics & Statistical
02 BSP-122 3
Mechanics
03 BSP-123 Mathematics- II 3
English-II (Communication
04 BSP-124 3
Skills)
Introduction to Computer
05 BSP-125 3
Programming
06 BSP-126 Pak Studies 2
Lab -II
07 BSP-127 (Thermodynamics/Mechanic 1
s-II)
Total Credit hours: 18
BSP-121 Mechanics - II 3(3+0)
Rotational Dynamics:
Relationships between linear & angular variables, scalar and vector form. Kinetic energy of
rotation, Moment of Inertia, Parallel axis and Perpendicular axis theorems, Proof and Illustration,
application to simple cases, Determination of moment of inertia of various shapes i.e. for disc,
bar and solid sphere, Rotational dynamics of rigid bodies, Equations of rotational motion and
effects of application of torques, Combined rotational and translational motion, Rolling without
slipping.
Angular Momentum:
Angular Velocity, Conservation of angular momentum, effects of Torque and its relation with
angular momentum, Stability of spinning objects, Discussion with examples, The spinning Top,
Effects of torque on the angular momentum, precessional motion.
Gravitation:
Gravitational effect of a spherical mass distribution, Its mathematical treatment, Gravitational
Potential Energy (develop using integration techniques), calculation of escape velocity,
Gravitational field & Potential, Universal Gravitational Law. Radial and transversal velocity and
acceleration, Motion of Planets and Keplers' Laws (Derivation & explanation) Motion of Satellites,
Energy considerations in planetary and satellite motion, Qualitative discussion on application of
gravitational law to the Galaxy.
Bulk Properties of Matters.
Elastic Properties of Matter, Physical basis of elasticity, Tension, Compression & shearing,
Elastic Modulus, Elastic limit. Poissons ratio, Relation between three types of elasticity, Fluid
Statics, Variation of Pressure in fluid at rest and with height in the atmosphere, Surface Tension,
Physical basis; role in formation of drops and bubbles, Viscosity, Physical basis, obtaining the
Coefficient of viscosity, practical example of viscosity; fluid flow through a cylindrical pipe
(Poiseulle's law)
Special Theory of Relativity:
Inertial and non inertial frame, Postulates of Relativity, The Lorentz Transformation, Derivation,
Assumptions on which inverse transformation is derived, Consequences of Lorentz
transformation, Relativity of time, Relativity of length, Relativity of mass, Transformation of
velocity, variation of mass with velocity, mass energy relation and its importance, relativistic
momentum and Relativistic energy, (Lorentz invariants) E2= p2c2+mo2 c4
Recommended Books:
1. Halliday, D. Resnick, Krane, Physics, Vol. I & II, John Wiley, 5th ed. 1999
2. D. Kleppner and R. Kolenkow, An Introduction to Mechanics, McGraw Hill, 1978.
3. M. R. Speigel, Vector Analysis and an Introduction to Tensor Analysis, Mc-Graw Hill, 1959
BSP-122 Thermodynamics & Statistical Mechanics 3(3+0)
Statistical Mechanics:
Statistical distribution and mean values, Mean free path and microscopic calculations of mean
free path. Distribution of molecular speeds, Distribution of energies, Maxwell distribution,
Maxwell-Boltzmann energy distribution, Internal energy of an ideal gas. Brownian motion,
Qualitative description. Diffusion, Conduction and viscosity
Heat and Temperature:
Temperature, Kinetic theory of the ideal gas, Work done on an ideal gas,Review of previous
concepts. Internal energy of an ideal gas: Equipartition of energy. Intermolecular forces.
Qualitative discussion, Van der Waals equation of state
Thermodynamics:
Review of previous concepts. First law of thermo-dynamics and its applications to adiabatic,
isothermal, cyclic and free expansion. Reversible and irreversible processes, Second Law of
thermodynamics, Carnot theorem, Carnot engines. Heat engine. Refrigerators. Calculation of
efficiency of heat engines. Thermodynamic temperature scale: Absolute zero: Entropy, Entropy in
reversible process, Entropy in irreversible process. Entropy & second law. Entropy & probability.
Thermodynamic functions: Thermodynamic functions (Internal energy, Enthalpy, Gibbs
functions, Entropy, Helmholtz functions) Maxwells relations, TdS equations, Energy equations
and their applications. Low Temperature Physics, Liquification of gases, Joule-Thomson effect
and its equations. Thermoelectricity,Thermocouple, Seabecks effect, Peltiers effect, Thomson
effect
Recommended Books:
1. J. F. Lee and F. W. Sears, Thermodynamics, Addison-Wesley 1954.
2. A. J. Pointon, Introduction to Statistical Physics, Longman 1967.
3. M. W. Zemansky, Heat and Thermodynamics, 3rd Edition, McGraw Hill, 1951.
4. Reif, Statistical Physics, Berkley Physics series, McGraw Hill 1965.
5. M. M. Abbott, Schaum's Outline of Thermodynamics, McGraw-Hill Professional Book Group,
1995.
BSP-123 Mathematics- II 3(3+0)
Differential, Related rates, Applied problems of extrema, Tangents at origin, Asymptotes,
Curvature, Techniques of finding the definite and indefinite integrals, Reduction formula
BSP-124 English- II (Communication Skills) 3(3+0)
 What is Communication

 Level of Communication

Reading Skill
 Types of reading

 Skimming

 Scanning

 Extensive reading

 Intensive reading

 Active reading

 Listening Skills

 Importance of Listening

 Causes of Poor Listening

 How to Become a Better Listener.

Recommended Books
1.Hargie,O.(ed) Hand Book of Communication Skills
2. Writing.Upper-Intermediate by Rob Nolasco,Oxford Supplementary Skill
3. Reading Advanced.Brain Tomlinson and Rod Ellis.Oxford Supplementary Skill
4. Stephhen E. Lucas. The Art of Public speaking.Ed 8,Mc Graw Hill:1983.
5. Gilinsons Pronunciation of English, Revised by Alam Cruttenden,Ed 7, Hodder Education:
2008.
6. Writing and Grammar: Communication in Action Diamond Level, Prentice Hall

BSP-125 Introduction to Computer Programming 3(3+0)

Course Objectives:
MALAB(Matrix Laboratory) is a fourth generation high level programming language and
interactive environment for numerical computation, visualization, and programming. It has
numerous built in numerical methods.
Mathematica is the world's only fully integrated environment for technical computing. It handles
a wide variety of numerical, algebraic, graphical, and other tasks, which previously could be done
only by using many separate software packages. It can be used as everything from a simple
calculator to a high-level programming language.
Course contents
Basic Definitions & Concepts, MATLAB's Power of Computational Mathematics, Features of
MATLAB,
Uses of MATLAB, MATLAB installation, Understanding the MATLAB Environment, MATLAB Basic
syntax, Variables and Constants, Creating Vectors and Matrices, Plotting Commands, The M
Files, Creating and Running Script File, operator, conditional statements, loop types, break and
continue statement, vector operations, matrix operations, Special Arrays in MATLAB,
MATLAB-Strings, MATLAB-Functions, MATLAB-Plotting, MATLAB-Graphics, MATLAB-Algebra,
MATLAB-Calculus.

Basic Definition and Concepts, Mathematica Installation, Mathematica Windows, Numerical

Calculation, Building up calculations, Algebraic Calculations, Calculus, Statistics, Matrices,
Graphics.

Books Recommended:

1. MATLAB, A Practical Approach by Stormy Attaway

2. MATLAB, An Introduction with Applications by Amos Gilat
3. Mathematical Methods using Mathematica by Sadri Hassani
Simulation in Classical Physics:
Motion of Falling Objects, One Dimensional Dynamics (Accelerating cars and objects on
springs), Two-Dimensional Trajectories (Keplers Laws, Oscillatory Motions), Energy and Center
of Mass, Electric Fields and Potentials, LRC Circuits, Driven LRC Circuits (Time varying), Wave
phenomena (Fourier analysis, Coupled oscillator), Interference, Diffraction and Polarization,
Geometrical Optics (Ray Tracing an Principle of Least Time), Electric Currents and Magnetic
Fields, Electromagnetic Waves.
Books Recommended:
1. Hillar, Johnston and Styer, Quantum Mechanics Simulation. (A Series of the Consortium for
upper level Physics software), John Wiley & Sons, Inc. New York.1995.
2. P.J. Roache, Computational Fluid Dynamics, Albuquerque, N.M. Hemosa Publishers. 1993.
3. Marvin L. De Jong, Introduction to Computational Physics, Addison Wesley Publishing
Company, Inc. New York, 1991. 5. D. Stauffer, F.W. Hehl, W. Winkelman and J.G. Zabolitzky,
Computer Simultation and Computer Algebra (Lectures for Beginers), Springer-Verlage Berlin,
New York, 1988.
6. Harvey Gould and Jan Tobochink, An Introduction to “Computer
Simulation Methods” Part-I & II, Addison Wesley Publishing
Company, Inc., New York. 1988.
BSP-126 Pak Studies 3(3+0)
Historical Perspectives:
Ideological rationale with special reference to Sir Syed Ahmad Khan, Allama Muhammad Iqbal
and Quaid -e- Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah
Factors leading to Muslim separatism
People and land
1. Muslim advent
2. Location and geophysical features
Government and Politics in Pakistan:
1947-1958
1958-1977
1977-1988
1988-1999
1999 onward
Contemporary Pakistan:
Economic Institutions and Issues
Society and social structure
Ethnicity
Foreign Policy of Pakistan and challenges
Futuristic outlook of Pakistan
Books Recommended:
1. Burki, Shahid javed, State and society in Pakistan, The Mamillan Press Ltd, 1980
2. Akbar S Zaidi, Issues in pakistans Economy, Karachi, Oxford University Press, 2000
3. SM Burke and Lawrence Ziring, Paksitan Foreign Plicy, An Historical Analysis, Karachi, Oxford
University Press, 1993
4. Mehmood Safdar, Pakistan Political Roots and Development, Lahore, 1994
5. Wilcox Wayne, The emergency of Bangladesh: Washington: American Enterprise, Institute of
Public Policy Research. 1972

BSP- Semester 3
S. No Course Code Subject Credit Hours
01 BSP- 231 Electricity & Magnetism- I 4(3+1)
02 BSP-232 Basic Electronics 3
03 BSP-233 Mathematics- III 3
04 BSP-234 English-III (Technical Writing) 3
05 BSP-235 Chemistry-I 3
06 BSP-236 Civilization 2
Lab -III
07 BSP-236 1
(Electronics/Magnetism)

Total Credit hours: 19

231 Electricity & Magnetism-I 4(3+1)
Electric Field:
Field due to a point charge: due to several point charges. Electric dipole. Electric field of
continuous charge distribution e. g Ring of charge, disc of charge, infinite line of charge. Point
charge in an electric field. Dipole in an electric field, Torque and energy of a dipole in uniform
field, Electric flux: Gauss's law; (Integral and differential forms) and its application. Charge in
isolated conductors, conductor with a cavity, field near a charged conducting sheet, Field of
infinite line of charge, field of infinite sheet of charge, field of spherical shell and field of
spherical charge distribution
Electric Potential:
Potential due to point charge, potential due to collection of point charges, potential due to dipole.
Electric potential of continuous charge distribution, Poissons and Laplace equation without
solution, Field as the gradient or derivative of potential, Potential and field inside and outside an
isolated conductor
Capacitors and dielectrics:
Capacitance, calculating the electric field in a capacitor. Capacitors of various shapes,
cylindrical, spherical etc. and calculation of their capacitance. Energy stored in an electric field.
Energy per unit volume. Capacitor with dielectric, Electric field of dielectric. An atomic view.
Application of Gauss's Law to capacitor with dielectric
D C Circuits:
Electric Current, current density J, resistance, resistivity, ρ, and conductivity, σ, Ohms Law, energy
transfer in an electric circuit. Equation of continuity. Calculating the current in a single loop,
multiple loops, voltages at various elements of a loop. Use of Kirchhoff's Ist & 2nd law, Thevenin
theorem, Norton theorem and Superposition theorem, Growth and Decay of current in an RC
circuit and their analytical treatment
Recommended Books:
1. F. J. Keller, W. E. Gettys, M. J. Skove Physics Classical and Modern (2nd edition), McGraw-Hill,
Inc., 1993.
2. A. F. Kip Fundamentals of Electricity and Magnetism (2nd Ed.), McGraw-Hill Book Co., 1969.
3. Halliday, Resnick, Krane Physics (Vol-II),John Willey & sons, Inc., 1992.
4. D. N. Vasudeva Magnetism and Electricity, S. Chand & Co., 1959.
5. J. A. Edminister Schaums Outline Series; Theory and Problems of Electromagnetism,
McGraw-Hill Book Co., 1986.
BSP-232 BASIC ELECTRONICS 4(3+1)
Electronics:
Basic crystal structure, free electron model, energy band in solid and energy gaps, p-type, n-type
semiconductor materials, p-n junction diode, its structure. characteristics and application as
rectifiers. Transistor, its basic structure and operation, transistor biasing for amplifiers,
characteristics of common base, common emitter, common collector, load line, operating point,
hybrid parameters (common emitter), Transistor as an amplifier (common emitter mode),
Positive & negative feed back R.C. Oscillators, Monostable multi- vibrator (basic), Logic gates OR,
AND, NOT, NAND, NOR and their basic applications.

Recommended Books:
1. D. Halliday, R. Resnick, K. S. Krane, Physics, John Willey & sons, Inc., 1992.
2. A.P. Malvino, 'Electronic Principles', Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi (1988).
3. B.L.Theraja Electronics”
BSP-233 MATHEMATICS -III 3(3+0)
Definitions of Matrix, Algebra of matrices,Determinants of square matrices,cofactors and
minors,Properties of Determinants ,ERO and ECO,Echelon matrices and reduced EM,Rank of
matrix,solution of system of Linear Equations using matrices,Eigen value and Eigen vectors.
BSP-234 ENGLISH III (Technical Writing ) 3(3+0)
TECHNICAL WRITING SKILLS
1. Introduction to Technical Writing

2. Why is good report writing important?

3. Objective of Technical Writing

4. Technical Writing Style

5. Writing Process

6. Analysis: Technique of Analysis

7. Description: The Role of Description in Technical Writing

8. Proposal Writing

9. Letters Writing :Types of Business letters

10.Memos Writing

11.Email writing

Recommended Books:
1. Marshal Gersen,Technical Writing:The Process and Product
2. Michael H.2nd Edition,Technical writing:situation and strategies St.Martines Press New York 1988

3. Technical writing :process and Product 5th Ed Sharon J. Gersen

BSP-235 ChemistryI 3(3+0)

Physical chemistry:
1. Physical states of matter:
Ideal and real gasses, equations of state, critical phenomena and critical constants, Molecules in
motion, collision diameter and mean free path, Physical properties of liquids, surface tension,
viscosity, refractive index etc and their applications, brief account of interactions among the
molecules in liquids, packing of atoms, unit cells and crystal systems, methods of crystal
structure analysis, brief account of polymers and composite materials with special emphasis on
superconductors, semiconductors etc, introduction to plasma,
2. Chemical Kinetics:
Rate of reaction, rate law, order and molecularity of reactions, zero, first and second order reaction,
determination of reaction order and its rate constant, effect of temperature on the reaction order and its
chemical equilibrium, Law of mass action, equilibrium constant, Le-chatolior principle and its applications,
elementary concept underlying complex and fast reactions, theory of elementary reactions, collision
theory, transition state theory
BSP-236 CIVILIZATION 2(2+0)
1 What is culture, Civilization, Community, Socitety and association
2 Main nature and man plan in nature
3 Globoagentrs and 21st Century
4 History of Human devolepment, Life and achievement of man
5 Ideologies. Capitalism, communism and Islam
6 Word major civilizations
IVC Indus valley civilization
Person civilization
Gandhara civilization
Merop Civilization
7 Religions and then Rah
Islam, Chemonisaity, Judaism, Buddhism, Hinduism

Semester 4

S. No Course Code Subject Credit Hours

01 BSP- 241 Electricity & Magnetism - II 4(3+1)
02 BSP-242 Modern Physics 3
03 BSP-243 Mathematics- IV 3
04 BSP-244 English IV 3
05 BSP-245 Bio Informatics/ Biophysics 3
06 BSP-246 Chemistry-II 2
07 BSP-247 Lab -IV (Modern Physics) 1
Total Credit hours: 19
BSP-241 Electricity & Magnetism - II 4(3+1)
Magnetic Field Effects and Magnetic Properties of Matter:
Magnetic force on a charged particle, magnetic force on a current, Recall the previous results. Do
not derive. Torque on a current loop, Magnetic dipole: Energy of magnetic dipole in field, Discuss
quantitatively, Lorentz Force with its applications in CRO. Biot-Savart Law: Analytical treatment
and applications to a current loop, force on two parallel current changing conductors. Ampere's
Law, Integral and differential forms, applications to solenoids and toroids, (Integral form),
Gauss's Law for Magnetism: Discuss and develop the concepts of conservation of magnetic flux,
Differential form of Gausss Law. Origin of Atomic and Nuclear magnetism, Basic ideas.Bohr
Magneton, Magnetization, Defining M, B, µ. Magnetic Materials, Paramagnetism, Diamagnetism,
Ferromagnetism - Discussion. Hysteresis in Ferromagnetic materials
Inductance:
Faradays Law of Electromagnetic Induction, Review of emf, Faraday Law and Lenzs Law,
Induced electric fields, Calculation and application using differential and integral form,
Inductance, “Basic definition”. Inductance of a Solenoid; Toroid. LR Circuits, Growth and Decay
of current, analytical treatment. Energy stored in a magnetic field, Derive. Energy density and the
magnetic field. Electromagnetic Oscillation, Qualitative discussion. Quantitative analysis using
differential equatins. Forced electromagnetic oscillations and resonance
Alternating Current Circuits:
Alternating current, AC current in resistive, inductive and capacitative elements. Single loop RLC
circuit, Series and parallel circuits i.e. acceptor and rejector, Analytical expression for time
dependent solution. Graphical analysis, phase angles. Power in A.C circuits: phase angles, RMS
values, power factor
Electro-Magnetic Waves (Maxwell's Equations):
Summarizing the electro- magnetic equations, (Gauss's law for electromagnetism, Faraday Law,
Ampere's Law). Induced magnetic fields & displacement current. Development of concepts,
applications. Maxwell's equations, (Integral & Differential forms) Discussion and implications.
Generating an electro- magnetic wave. Travelling waves and Maxwell's equations. Analytical
treatment; obtaining differential form of Maxwell's equations, obtaining the velocity of light from
Maxwell's equations. Energy transport and the Poynting Vector. Analytical treatment and
discussion of physical concepts
Recommended Books:
1. F. J. Keller, W. E. Gettys, M. J. Skove Physics Classical and Modern (2nd edition), McGraw-Hill,
Inc., 1993.
2. A. F. Kip Fundamentals of Electricity and Magnetism (2nd Ed.), McGraw-Hill Book Co., 1969.
3. D. Halliday, R. Resnick, K. S. Krane Physics (Vol-II), John Willey & sons, Inc., 1992.
4. D. N. Vasudeva Magnetism and Electricity, S. Chand & Co., 1959.
5. J. A. Edminister Schaums Outline Series; Theory and Problems of Electromagnetism,
McGraw-Hill Book Co., 1986.
BSP-242 Modern Physics 3(3+0)

The Nuclear Atom:

Thompson model, Rutherford Nuclear theory of the atom, scattering of alpha particle by thin
foils, experimental test of the Rutherford theory of the scattering, some characteristics, (size,
mass, cross section, constitution and isotopes etc) energy and units, related problems
Atomic Spectra and Atomic structure:
Bohrs theory (review), Frank-Hertz experiment, energy levels of electron, Atomic spectrum,
Angular momentum of electrons, Vector atom model, Orbital angular momentum. Spin
quantization, Bohrs Magnetron. Magnetic moment of an orbital electron, Magnetic moment due
to spin, Magnetic quantum numbers, Paulis exclusion principle, distribution of electrons in an
atom, spectral notaion, The zeeman effect, explanation of the notmal zeeman effect, the lande g
factor, the anomalous zeeman effect, the stern-Gerlach experiment and electron spin, The laser,
related problems.
X-Rays:
Production of X-rays, Measurement of the intensity of X-rays, Diffraction of X-rays and Braggs
law, single crystal X-ray spectrometer, X-ray spectrum (continuous and discrete) Moseleys law,
X-ray energy level diagram, radiation less trasitions, Auger effect, related problems
Origin of Quantum Theory:
The failure of classical Physics to describe atomic phenomena, the emission and absorption of
thermal radiation, the classical theory of thermal radiation,the failure of the classical theory of
thermal radiation, Plancks quantum theory of thermal radiation, Quantum theory and thermal
radiation, Photoelectric and Compton effect, related problems
Wave Nature of Matter:
Wave behaviour of particle (wave function etc.) its definition and relation to probability of
particle, dBroglie hypothesis and its testing, Davisson- Germer Experiment and J.P. Thomson
Experiment, Wave packets and particles, localizing a wave in space and time
Recommended Books:
1. Robert M Eisberg, Fundamentals of Modern Physics, John Wiley & Sons 1961
2. Sanjiv Puri, Modern Physics, Narosa Publishing House, 2004.
3. Paul A. Tipler and Ralph A. Llewellyn, Modern Physics 3rd edition, W H Freeman and Company
2000.
4. Arthur Beiser, Concepts of Modern Physics (fifth edition) McGraw-Hill 1995
5. Robert M. Eisberg and Robert Resnick, Quantum Physics of Atoms, molecules, Solids, Nuclei
and Particles, 2nd edition, John Wiley & Sons, 2002.
6. D. Halliday, R. Resnick, K. S. Krane, Physics, John Willey & sons, Inc., 1992.
BSP-243 Mathematics- IV 3(3+0)
Classification of ODEs, linear and non-linear, Homogeneous and non-homogenous ODEs
Orthogonal Trajectories, Initial value and BVP, Singular solutions, Applications of 1st ODEs,
Higher order ODEs, Solns of Higher ODEs by (1) Operator method, (2) UC Method, (3) Variation of
parameters, (4) Reduction of order, C-Euler equation, Application of 2nd ODEs
Recommended Books:
1. Advanced Engineering Mathematics by Erwin Kreyszig
2. Calculus with Analytical Geometry by Dr. S. M. Yousuf / Prof Zia-ul-Haq
3. Mathematical Techniques by Dr. Karamat
BSP-244 English -IV 3(3+0)
1. Communication skills (2)
2. Writing
3. Speaking
4. Reading
5. Listening
BSP-245 Bio Informatics/ Biophysics 3(3+0)
1. Introduction to Bio Informatics
2. Computer application in Biology
3. Software for data retrieving and analysis
4. Plant genome and human genome
5. Genomic and proteomic data
6. Pair wise sequence alignment
7. Multiple sequence alignment
8. Construction of Polygenetic trees
Practical
1. Different search engines for nucleotides and proteins
Recommended Books:
1 David Mount. 2001, Bioinformatics, sequence and genome analysis. ISBN:9-87969-608-7
2 R. Durbin, S.Eddy, A. Krogh and G. Mitchison, 1998, Biological sequence analysis: Probablistic
medels of Protiens and nucleic acid, ISBN: 0-521-62971-
3 S.C Rastogi, N.Mendirata and P. Rastogi 2004, Bioinformatics: Method and application.
ISBN81-203-2582-6. Prentice Hall of India
BSP-246 Chemistry-II 3(3+0)
Chemical Thermodynamics:
Law of thermodynamics and their application, thermodynamic functions, internal energy,
enthalpy, entropy and free energy, relation between thermodynamic functions, Van tHoffs
equation, Heat capacities, concept of entropy and probability
Solution Chemistry:
Ideal and non ideal solution, Raoults law and it s applications, Molecular interactions in solutions,
Colligative properties, Distilator and concept of azeotropic mixture, Phase rule and its application

Semester 5
S. No Course Code Subject Credit Hours
01 BSP- 351 Mathematical Methods - I 3
02 BSP-352 Electrodynamics-I 3
03 BSP-353 Classical Mechanics 3
04 BSP-354 Electronics 3
05 BSP-355 Lab - V (Electronics) 3
Total Credit hours: 15
BSP-351 MATHEMATICAL METHODS-I 3(3+0)
Vector Analysis:
Review of vectors Algebra, Vector differentiation and gradient, Divergence and Gausss theorem,
Vector integration, Greens theorem in the plane, Curl and Stoke's theorem.
Curvilinear Coordinates and Tensors:
Curvilinear coordinate system, Gradient, Divergence and Curl in the curvilinear coordinates
system, Cartesian, Spherical and Cylinderical coordinate system, Covariant and contravariant
tensors, Tensor algebra, Quotient rule.
Matrices:
Linear vector spaces, Determinants, Matrices, Eigenvalues and eigenvectors of matrices,
Orthogonal matrices, Hermitian matrices, Similarity transformations, Diagonalization of matrices.
Complex Variables:
Functions of a complex variable, Cauchy Riemann conditions and analytic functions, Cauchy
integral theorem and integral formula, Taylor and Laurent series, Calculus of residue, Complex
integration.
Recommended Books:
1. G. Arfken, Mathematical Physics, 2nd ed, Academic Press, 1970.
2. E. Butkov, Mathematical Physics, Addison-Wesley 1968.
3. Pipes and Harvill, Applied Mathematics for Engineers and Physicists, McGraw Hill, 1971.
4. M. R. Speigel, Complex Variables Schaums Outline Series, McGraw Hill 1979.
5. M. L. Boas, Mathematical Methods in Physical Sciences, John Wiley & Sons, New York (1989)
BSP-352 ELECTRODYNAMICS-I 3(3+0)
Fundamental Concepts:
Recapitulation of the fundamental concepts, Induction B, Addition of Laplace equation and
methods of images, Electric dipole. Quadropole, Magnetic intensity H, Maxwell's equations in
differential and integral forms, Poynting theorem and energy conservation
Static Electromagnetic Fields:
Electrostatic fields in several dielectric media, Magneto static fields of magnetized matter,
Magnetostatic field of stationary current, Magnetization current.
Reflection and Refraction of Electromagnetic Waves:
Laws of reflection and refraction, Fresnel's formula, Total reflection, Refraction in conducting
media, Reflection from a conducting surface
Propagation of Plane Electromagnetic Waves:
Monochromatic waves and plane waves, Forced oscillation of an electronic oscillator, Scattering
by a bound electron, Dispersion in dilute medium and dense media, Dispersion in metallic
conductor, Group velocity. Loren z, grange and Coloumb grange
Books Recommended:
1. D. Grifftns, An introduction to Dynamics, Prentice Hall, 1984 Jackson, Classical
Electrodynamics, John Wiley, 1975
2. P.C. Lorrain & D.R. Corson, 'Electromagnetic Fields and Waves', W.H. Freeman &
Co., New York (1978).
3. Ritze Millfadad Chiristy, Foundation of Electromagnetic Theory
4. H.C. Ohanion, 'Classical Electrodynamics', Allyn & bacon Inc., Massachusetts (1988).
5. A.M. Portis, 'Electromagnetic Fields', John Wiley & Sons, New York (1978).
6. Y.K. Lim, 'Introduction to Classical Elecrodynamics, World Scientific Publishing Co.
Pt., Singapore (1986).
7. C.R. Paul & S.A. Nasar, 'Introduction to Electromagnetic Fields, McGraw Hill Book
Company, Singapore (1987).
BSP-353 CLASSICAL MECHANICS 3(3+0)
Elementary Principles:
Brief Survey of Newtonian mechanics of a system of particles, constraints, Alembert's principle,
Lagrange's equation and its applications, Virtual work
Variational Principles:
Calculus of variation and Hamilton's principle, Derivation of Lagrange's equation from Hamilton's
principle
Two Body Central Force Problem:
Low and least action, two body problem and its reduction to one body problem, Equation of
motion and solution for one body problem, Kepler's Laws Laboratory and centre of mass
systems, Rutherford scattering
Kinematics of Rigid Body Motion:
Orthogonal transformations, Eulerian angles, Euler's theorem, The coriolis force
Rigid Body Equation of Motion:
Angular momentum, Tensors and dyadics, Moment of inertia, Rigid body problems and Euler's
equations
Hamilton Equation of Motion:
Legendre transformation and Hamilton equations of motion, Conservation theorems
Canonical Transformations:
Examples of canoical transformations, Lagrange and Poison brackets, Liouville's theorem
Books Recommended:
1. H. Goldstein, 'Classical Mechanics', 2nd. Edn., Addison Wesley, Reading,
Massachusetts (1980).
2. Dr. S. L. Gupta Pragati Prakshan ,Classical Mechanics, Educational
Publisher 240, Western Meerut-250001
3. V.I. Arnold, Mathematical Methods of Classical Mechanics Springer verlag,
New York (1980).
4. S.N. Rasband, 'Dynamics', John Wiley & Sons, New York (1983).
5. R.A. Matzner & L.C. Shepley, 'Classical Mechanics', Prentice Hall Inc.,
London (1991).
6. N.M.J. Woodhouse, 'Introduction to Analytical Dynamics', Oxford Science
Publications, Oxford (1987).
BSP-354 ELECTRONICS 3(3+0)
Special Diodes:
Zener diodes, Zener regulators, Varactor diodes, Schottky diodes, Light emitting diodes,
Photodiodes, Tunnel diodes, Varistors and their applications
Transistor Circuits:
Bipolar transistors; parameters and ratings, Ebers-Moll, Hybrid-p and h, z and y-parameter
models, Switching circuits, Biasing and stability, Common emitter, Common base and common
collector amplifiers, Frequency response, Power class A, B, and C amplifiers, Field Effect.
FET:
Transistors; Junction FET, MOSFET, Operation and construction, Biasing, Common source and
common drain amplifiers, Frequency response, Multistage Amplifiers; RC coupled and direct
coupled stages, The differential amplifiers, Negative feedback, Tuned RF Voltage amplifiers, I-F
Amplifiers and automatic gain control.
Operational Amplifiers:
Ideal op-amps, Simple op-amp arrangements, its data and sheet parameters, Non inverting and
inverting circuits, Feedback and stability, Op-amp applications; Comparators, Summing, Active
filters, Integrator and Differentiator, Instrumentation amplifier.
Oscillators:
Armstrong, Hartley, CMOSS, Colpit's Phase shift and 555 timer oscillators
Voltage Regulators:
Series, Shunt and switching regulators, Power supply
Books Recommended:
1. Basic Electronics by B. L. Theraja
2. J. Millman & C.C. Halkias, 'Integrated Electronics', McGraw Hill Book
Company, Singapore (Latest Edition).
3. T.L. Floyd, 'Electronic Devices', Merril Publishing Company Columbus (1988).
4. A.P. Malvino, 'Electronic Principles', Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi (1988).
5. D.B. Bell, 'Electronic devices & Circuits', Reston Publishing Company Inc.,
Virginia (1980).
6. C.J. Savant Jr. M.S. Roden, G.L. Carpenter, 'Electronic Design Circuit &
Systems', The Bengamin/Cummings Publishing Co., California (1991).
 Semester 6
S. No Course Code Subject Credit Hours
01 BSP- 361 Mathematical Methods -II 3
02 BSP-362 Quantum Mechanics -I 3
03 BSP-363 Atomic & Molecular Physics 3
04 BSP-364 Electrodynamics-II 3
Lab -VI
05 BSP-365 (Spectroscopy/Modern 3
Physics)
Total Credit hours: 15
BSP-361 MATHEMATICAL METHODS-II 3(3+0)
Differential Equations in Physics:
First and second order linear differential equations, Partial differential equations of theoretical
physics, Separation of variables, Homogeneous differential equations, Frobenius series solution
of differential equations, Second solution, Nonhomogenous differential equations.
Special Functions:
Bessel functions and Hankel functions, Spherical Bessel functions, Legendre polynomials,
Associated Legendre polynomials, Spherical harmonics Laguerre polynomials, Hermite
polynomials, Gamma function
Fourier Series:
Definition and general properties, Fourier series of various physical functions, Uses and
application of Fourier series
Integral Transforms:
Integral transform, Fourier transform, Convolution theorem, Elementary Laplace transform and
its application
Books Recommended:
1. G. Arfken, Mathematical Physics, 2nd ed, Academic Press, 1970.
2. R. Bronson, Differential Equations Schaums Outline Series, McGraw Hill, New
York.
3. M.L. Boas, 'Mathematical Methods in Physical Sciences', John Wiley & Sons, New
York (1989).
4. E. Butkov, Mathematical Physics Addison-Weseley London .
5 C.W. Wong, 'Introduction to Mathematical Physics', Oxford University, Press, New
York (1991).
6. Hassani, 'Foundations of Mathematical Physics', Prentice Hall International Inc.,
Singapore (1991).
7. Chattopadhyay, 'Mathematical Physics', Wiley Eastern Limited, New Delhi, (1990).
8. H. Cohen, 'Mathematics for Scientists & Engineers' Prentice Hall International Inc.,
New Jersey (1992).
BSP-362 QUANTUM MECHANICS-I 3(3+0)
Quantum Mechanics of One Dimensional Problems:
Review of concepts of classical mechanics, State of a system, Properties of one dimensional
potential functions, Functions and expectation values, Dirac notation, Hermitian operators,
Solutions of Schrodinger equation for free particles, The potential barrier problems, The linear
harmonic oscillator, Particle in a box.
Formalism of Quantum Mechanics:
The state of a system, Dynamical variables and operators, Commuting and non commuting
operators, Heisenberg uncertainty relations, Time evolution of a system, Schrodinger and
Heisenberg pictures, Symmetry principles and conservation laws.
Angular Momentum:
Orbital angular momentum, Spin, The eigenvalues and eigen functions of L2 and Lz, Matrix
representation of angular momentum operators, Addition of angular momenta.
Schrodinger Equation in Three Dimensions:
Separation of Schrodinger equation in cartesian coordinates, Central potentials, The free particle,
Three dimensional square well potential, The hydrogenic atom, Three dimensional square well
potential, The hydrogenic atom, Three dimensional isotopic oscillator.
Books Recommended:
1. David J. Griffiths, Introduction to Quantum Mechanics, PRENTICE Hall, Int., Inc.
2. R.L. Liboff, 'Introductory Quantum mechanics', Addison Wesley Publishing
Company, Reading Mass. (1980)
3. B.H. Bransden & C.J. Joachain, 'Introduction to Quantum Mechanics' Longman
Scientific & Technical London (1990)
4. J.S. Townsend, 'A Modern Approach to Quantum Mechanics', McGraw Hill
Book Company, Singapore (1992)
5. W. Greiner, 'Quantum Mechanics: An Introduction', Addison Wesley
Publishing Company, Reading Mass. (1980)
6. Bialynicki-Birula, M. Cieplak & J. Kaminski, 'Theory of Quantua', Oxford
University Press, New York (1992)
7. W. Greiner, 'Relativistic Quantum Mechanics', Springer Verlag, Berlin (1990)
8. F. Schwable, 'Quantum Mechanics', Narosa Publishing House, New Delhi
(1992)
9. Sureh Chandra, Quantum Mechanics, CBS Publishers New Delhi Banglore,
BSP-363 ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS 3(3+0)
Rutherford Scattering, Review of Bohrs theory, Sommerfeld model, correspondence principal,
Frank Hertz experiment and approximation methods. Energy levels, Nuclear motion and reduced
mass, Quantum numbers, Radiative transitions, Selection rules, normal Zeeman effect, Pachen
Back Effect, Many body atom, Pauli exclusion principle, Stern and Gerlach experiment, Spin orbit
coupling, LS coupling, jj coupling, X-ray Spectra.
Molecular Spectra: Ionic and covalent bonding, Diatomic molecules-rotational, vibrational, and
electronic spectra, Polyatomic molecules (brief introduction), Black body radiation, Einstein
coefficient and stimulated emission, pumping schemes, characteristic of laser beam, resonators,
different types of lasers.
Recommended Books:
1. Anne P. Thorn, Spectrophysics, second edition, Chapman and Hall, 1988.
2. B. H. Bransden and C.J. Joachain, Physics of atomic and Molecules,
Longmans, London 1983,
3. R. Eisberg, and R. Resnick, Quantum Physics of Atoms, Molecules, Solids,
Nuclei an Particles, second edition, John Wiley and sons 1985.
4. B.B. Laud, Lasers and Nonlinear Optics, 2nd ed. Wiley Eastern Limited, New
Delhi, 1991.
5. Koichi Shimoda, Introduction to Laser Physics, Springer Verlag, 1983.
6. S. N. Goshal, Atomic Physics (Modern Physics)
7. Semat, Introduction to Atomic and Nuclear Physics
8. P. Raja Gopal, Modern Physics, Prentice Hall of India Pvt Ltd New Delhi
BSP-364 ELECTRODYNAMICS-II 3(3+0)
Time Dependent Electromagnetic Fields:
Maxwell's equations for quasi stationery fields, Potentials of a rapidly varying field, Fields of
uniformly moving and accelerated charges, Radiation from an accelerated charge, Field of
oscillating expansion of electromagnetic field, Multiple fields. Expansion of emf
Propagation of Plane Electromagnetic Waves:
Monochromatic waves and plane waves, Forced oscillation of an electronic oscillator, Scattering
by a bound electron, Dispersion in dilute medium and dense media, Dispersion in metallic
conductor, Group velocity. Loren z, grange and Coloumb grange
Skin Effect and Wave Guides:
High frequency current in a semi infinite conductor, Internal impedance at high frequencies,
Waves guided by parallel plane conductor, Transmission by a rectangular. Wave Guidance,
Power transfer and attenuation, Wave guides as cavity resonators, Q of a cavity resonator,
Waves guided by dielectrics.
Recommended Books:
1. H.C. Ohanion, 'Classical Electrodynamics', Allyn & bacon Inc., Massachusetts (1988).
2. Y.K. Lim, 'Introduction to Classical Elecrodynamics, World Scientific Publishing Co. Pt.,
Singapore (1986).
3. P.C. Lorrain & D.R. Corson, 'Electromagnetic Fields and Waves', W.H. Freeman & Co., New York
(1978).
4. C.R. Paul & S.A. Nasar, 'Introduction to Electromagnetic Fields,McGraw Hill Book Company,
Singapore (1987).
5. A.M. Portis, 'Electromagnetic Fields', John Wiley & Sons, New York (1978).
6. D. Grifftns, An introduction to Dynamics, Prentice Hall, 1984 Jackson, Classical
Electrodynamics, John Wiley, 1975
7. J. A Stratton “Electromagnetic Theory” (McGraw-Hill)
 Semester 7

S. No Course Code Subject Credit Hours

01 BSP- 471 Nuclear Physics 3
02 BSP-472 Solid State Physics -I 3
03 BSP-473 Quantum Mechanics -II 3
04 BSP-474 Computational Physics 3
05 BSP-475 Lab-VII (Nuclear Physics) 3
Total Credit hours: 15
BSP-471 NUCLEAR PHYSICS 3(3+0)
History:
Starting from Bacqurels discovery of radioactivity to Chedwicks neutron
Basic Properties of Nucleus:
Nuclear size, mass, binding energy, nuclear spin, magnetic dipole and electric quadrupole
moment, parity and statistics
Nuclear Forces:
Yukawa's theory of nuclear forces. Nucleon scattering, charge independence and spin
dependence of nuclear force, isotopic spin
Nuclear Models:
Liquid drop model; Fermi gas model, Shell model; Collective model
Theories of Radioactive Decay:
Theory of Alpha decay and explanation of observed phenomena, measurement of Beta ray
energies, the magnetic lens spectrometer, Fermi theory of Beta decay, Neutrino hypothesis,
theory of Gamma decay, nuclear isomerism
Nuclear Reactions:
Conservation laws of nuclear reactions, Q-value and threshold energy of nuclear reaction, energy
level and level width, cross sections for nuclear reactions, compound nucleolus theory of nuclear
reaction and its limitations, direct reaction, resonance reactions
Neutron Physics:
Neutron Sources, slow neutron detectors, fast neutron detectors.
Books Recommended:
1. Segre, Nuclei and Practicles, Bejamin, 1977.
2. Kaplan, Nuclear Physics, Addison-Wisely, 1980.
3. Green, Nuclear Physics, McGraw Hill, 1995.
4. Kenneth S. Krane, Introducing Nuclear Physics, 1995.
5. B. Povh, K. Rith, C. Scholtz, F. Zetsche, Particle and Nuclei, 1999.
6. Glenn, F. Knoll, Radiation Detection and Measurement, John Wiley, 1989.
7. S. N. Goshal Nuclear Physics
8. Semat Introduction to Atomic and Nuclear Physics
9. S. R. Patel, An Introduction to Nuclear Physics, Wiley Eastern Ltd, New Delhi
BSP-472 SOLID STATE PHYSICS-I 3(3+0)
Structure of Solids:
Lattices and basis, Symmetry operations, Fundamental types of lattice, Position and orientation
of planes in crystals, Simple crystal structures, Atomic potential, space groups and binding
forces.
Crystal diffraction and reciprocal lattice:
Diffraction of X-rays, Neutrons and electrons from crystals, Braggs law, Reciprocal lattice,
Reciprocal lattice to sc, bcc, fcc, orthorhombic and hexagonal crystals, Laue method, rotating
crystal method, Powder methods, Scattered wave amplitude, Ewald construction and Brillouin
zone, Miller Indices, Fourier analysis of the basis.
Phonons and Lattice Vibrations:
Lattice heat capacity, classical model, Einstein model, Enumeration of normal models, Density of
state in one, two and three dimensions, Debye model of heat capacity, Comparison with
experimental results, Thermal conductivity and resistivity, Umklapp processes.
Recommended Books:
1. C. Kittle, Introduction to Solid State Physics, 7th Ed. By, Kohn Wiley, 1996.
2. N. M. W. Ashcroft and N. D. Mermin, Solid State Physics, Holt, Rinehart & Winston, 1976,
3. S. R. Elliott, The Physics and Chemistry of Solids, Wiley, 1998.
4. M.A. Omar, Elementary Solid State Physics, Pearson Education 2000.
5. H.M. Rosenberg, The Solid State, 3rd Edition, Oxford Science Publications 1990.
6. M.A. Wahab, Solid State Physics, Narosa Publishing House, 1999.
7. G. Burns, High Temperature Superconductivity, An Introduction, Academic Press 1992.
8. Solid State Physics by R. K. Puri, S. Chand & Co. Ltd, Ram Nagar, New Delhi-110055
BSP-473 QUANTUM MECHANICS-II 3(3+0)
Approximate Methods:
Time independent perturbation theory for non degenerate and degenerate levels, the variational
method, The WKB approximation, Time dependent perturbation theory
Identical Particles and Second Quantization:
Indistinguishability of identical particles, Systems of identical particles, Quantum dynamics of
identical particle systems, statistics, Symmetry of states, Fermions, Bosons
Theory of Scattering:
Scattering experiments and cross sections, Potential scattering, The method of partial waves,
The Borns approximation
The Interaction of Quantum Systems with Radiation:
Electromagnetic field and its interaction with one electron system, Transition rates, Spontaneous
emission, Selection rules for electric dipole transitions, The spin of photon and its helicity
Relativistic Quantum Mechanics:
Schrodinger relativistic equation, Probability and current densities, Klein-Gordon equation and
hydrogen atom, Dirac relativistic equation
Books Recommended:
1. B.H. Bransden & C.J. Joachain, 'Introduction to Quantum Mechanics' Longman Scientific &
Technical London (1990)
2. J.S. Townsend, 'A Modern Approach to Quantum Mechanics', McGraw Hill Book Company,
Singapore (1992)
3. W. Greiner, 'Quantum Mechanics: An Introduction', Addison Wesley Publishing Company,
Reading Mass. (1980).
4. R.L. Liboff, 'Introductory Quantum mechanics', Addison Wesley Publishing Company, Reading
Mass. (1980).
5. Bialynicki-Birula, M. Cieplak & J. Kaminski, 'Theory of Quantua', Oxford University Press, New
York (1992).
6. W. Greiner, 'Relativistic Quantum Mechanics', Springer Verlag, Berlin (1990)
7. F. Schwable, 'Quantum Mechanics', Narosa Publishing House, New Delhi (1992)
8 David J. Griffiths, Introduction to Quantum Mechanics, PRENTICE Hall, Int., Inc.
9. S.Gasiorowicz, Quantum Physics, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Singapore.
BSP-474 THERMAL AND STATISTICAL PHYSICS 3(3+0)
Equilibrium Thermodynamics:
Basic postulates, fundamental equations and equations of state, response functions Maxwell's
relation, reduction of derivatives
Elements of Probability Theory:
Probabilities, distribution functions, statistical interpretation of entropy, Boltzmann H-theorem
Formulation of Statistical Methods:
Ensembles, counting of states (in classical and quantum mechanical systems, examples)
partition function, Boltzmann distribution. Formation of Microcononical, canonical and grand
canonical partion function
Partition Function:
Relations of partition function with thermodynamic variables, examples (collection of simple
harmonic oscillators, Pauli and Van Vleck paramagnetics, Theorem of equipartition of energy
Statistical Systems:
Maxwell-Boltzmann, Bose-Einstein, Fermi-Dirac statistical systems, Examples of
thermodynamics of these systems; Black body radiations, Gas of electrons in solids
Statistical Mechanics of Interacting Systems:
Lattice vibrations in solids; Van der Waals Gas: mean field calculation; Ferromagnets in Mean
Field Approximation
Advanced Topics:
Fluctuations, Bose-Einstein Condensation, Introduction to density matrix approach
Books Recommended:
1. F. Mandl, Statistical Physics, ELBS/John Willey, 2nd Ed. 1988.
2. F. Reif, Fundamentals of Statistical and Thermal Physics, McGraw Hill, 1965.
3. A.J. Pointon, Introduction to Statistical Physics, Longman 1967.
4. C. Kittel, Elements of Statistical Physics, John Wiley 1958.
 Semester 8

S. No Course Code Subject Credit Hours

01 BSP- 481 Solid State Physics -II 3
02 BSP-482 Thermal & Statistical Physics 3
03 BSP-483 Optional I 3
04 BSP-484 Optional -II 3
05 BSP-485 Project / General Viva 3
Total Credit hours: 15
BSP-481 Solid State Physics-II 3(3+0)
Transport Properties of Solids:
Motion of electron in bands, Effective mass, Electrical conductivity of metals, electrical Conductivity of
localized electrons, Boltzmann equation
Defects in Crystals:
Crystal imperfections, Thermodynamics of Point defects, Schottky and Frenkel defects, color centres,
Dislocations in Solids, edge dislocation, Screw dislocation Slip and plastic deformation, Stacking faults
and grain Boundaries, Strength of Crystals
Dielectrics and Ferroelectrics:
Maxwell Equations, Polarization, Dielectric Constant and Dielectric Polarizability, Susceptibility, Electronic
Polarizablity, Clausius-Mossotti Relation, Structural Phase Transitions, Ferroelectric crystals,
Classification of Ferroelectric Crystals, Theory of Ferroelectric Displacive Transitions, Thermodynamic
theory of Ferroelectric transition, Ferroelectric Domains, Piezoelectricity,
Diamagnetism and Paramagnetism:
Atomic theory of magnetism, Diamagnetism, Paramagnetism, The quantum numbers, Orbital and spin
magnetic moments of electrons, Langevin theory of Dia and Paramagnetism, Ferro-magnetism, Domain
theory, Weiss theory of Ferromagnetism, Magnetic relaxation and resonance phenomena
Semiconductors and Superconductivity:
Intrinsic Semiconductors, Extrinsic semiconductors, Band structure, Energy Gap, Donor and acceptor
Level, Hall Effect, Superconductivity-an introduction, zero resistivity and Meissner effect, Diamagnetism,
susceptibility, Critical field, temperature and current, Type-I and type-II superconductors, BCS theory,
electron-phonon-electron interaction via lattice deformation, ground state of superconductors, Cooper
pairs, Coherence length, the origin of energy gap, London equations (electrodynamics),London
penetration depth, thermodynamics of superconductors, entropy and the Gibbs free energy, Josephson
Effect.
Books Recommended:
1. C. Kittle, Introduction to Solid State Physics, 7th edition 1996, John Wiley.
2. S.O.Pillai, Solid State Physics, New Age International Pub. 2003.
3. W.T. Read Jr. Dislocations in crystals, McGraw Hill, 1991.
4. C.M. Kachaava, Solid State Physics, Tata McGraw Hill, Co. New Delhi, 1989
5. J.R. Christman, Solid State Physics, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1988
6. H.E. Hall, Solid State Physics, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1982.
7. A. Guinier & R. Jullien, The Solid State, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1989.
BSP-482 COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS 3(3+0)
Computer Languages:
A brief introduction of the computer languages like Basic, C. Pascal etc and known software packages of
computation
Numerical Methods:
Numerical Solutions of equations, Regression and interpolation, Numerical integration and differentiation, Error
analysis and technique for elimination of systematic and random errors
Modeling & Simulations:
Conceptual models, The mathematical models, Random numbers and random walk, Doing Physics with random
numbers, Computer simulation, Relationship of modeling and simulation. Some systems of interest for physicists
such as Motion of Falling objects, Kepler's problems, Oscillatory motion, Many particle systems, Dynamic systems,
Wave phenomena, Field of static charges and current, Diffusion, Populations genetics etc
Books Recommended:
1. M. L. De Jong, 'Introduction to Computational Physics', Addison Wesley Publishing Company Inc., Massachusetts
(1991)
2. S.T. Koonini, Computational Physics', The Benjamin/Coming Publishing Inc., California (1986).
3. P.K. Macheown & D.J. Merman, Computational Techniques in Physics' Adm Hilger, Bristol (1987).
4. H. Gould & J. Tobochnik, 'An Introduction to Computer Simulation Methods', Addison Wesley Publishing Company,
Rading Massachusetts(1988).
5. S.C. Chapra & R.P. Chanle, 'Numerical Methods for Engineers with Personal Computer Applications, McGraw Hill
Book Company, New York (1965)

DETAIL OF OPTIONAL COURSES

PLASMA PHYSICS 3 Cr. h
Introduction, Occurrance of plasma, Concept of temperature, Debye shielding, The plasma
ammeter, Criteria for plasma. Applications of plasma physics, Single-particle motion in
electromegnatic field. Uniform and non uniform E and B fields, Time-variant E and B fields, Fluid
description of plasma, Wave propagation in plasma, Derivation of dispersion relations for simple
electrostatic and electromagnetic modes, Introduction to Controlled Fusion: Basic nuclear fusion
reactions. Reaction rates and power density, radiation losses from plasma, operational
conditions
Books Recommended:
1. F.F.Chen, Introduction to plasma Physics, 2 nd ed. (Plenum).
2. N.A.Krall and A.W.Trivelpiece, Principles of Plasma Physics,
1973 (McGraw Hill).
3. S.Glasstone and R.H.Lovberg, Controlled Thermonuclear
Reactions, 1960 (D.Van Nestrand).
SURFACE PHYSICS 3 Cr.h
An Introduction to Surfaces:
What is a surface? The energetics and thermodynmics of creating a surface. An introduction to
surface Physics. Surface energies and the Wulff Theorem.
Studying Surfaces:
What is UHV? Do we need UHV to study surfaces? The kinetic theory of gases, concept of
vacuum and standard vacuum hardware components, Comparison of different types of pumps
with measurement of vacuum pressure, Preparing a clean surface
Surface Structures and Reconstructions:
Lattice concept, 3 D crystal structures, 2D surface structures. Specific types of surface, fcc, hcp,
bcc and stepped surfaces and a discussion of their relative energies. More complex
ceconstruction, stability, growth mechanisms, adsorption, Desorption and experimental probes
of surface structure such a LEED and RHEED. The structure of semi-conductor
surfaces. The surface structures of very small metal particles.
Electron-Surface Interactions:
Electron diffraction and quasi elastic scattering, comparison of particle scattering techniques,
Electron spectroscopes, Discussion of the merits of different types of electron energy analysers
and electron deterctors, Signal processing and spectral analysis. Theory and practice of Auger
electron spectroscopy, Quantification of Auger spectra, Auger depth, Profiling
Atom/ion surface interactions:
Comparison of particle scattering techniques, An Introduction to the theory and practice of SIMS,
SIMS imaging and depth profiling, Auger depth profiling, theory and practice of Rutherford. Back
scattering.
Books Recommended
1. John A. Venables, Introduction to Surface and Thin Film Processes Cambridge University
Press (2000).
FLUID DYNAMICS 3 Cr.h
Basic Fluid Mechanics:
Fundamentals of Continuum mechanics, Kinematics of the flow field, the continuity equation,
governing equations of fluid motion, Incompressible flows, Compressible flows, Thin aerofoil.
Boundary Layer Theory:
Laminar Boundary layer, Turbulent Boundary layer Reynolds number
Computational Fluid dynamics-I:
Introduction to numerical computation, Introduction to numerical solution of Ordinary Differential
equations using multi-step methods, Boundary value problems, Introduction to solution of Partial
Differential Equiations using finite difference methods Advanced Techniques.
Computational Fluid Dynamics-II:
Governing equations in integral and differential form, Reduced forms of governing equations, The
finite volume method, Incompressible and compressible flow & their methods, Discrete methods
for the steady state and time dependent advection diffusion equation, The pressure correction
method on staggered and unstaggered grids, Time marching schemes, Incorporation of
turbulence models, Schemes for solving large
algebraic systems, Use of a commercial code for the predication off complex flows.

Experimental Methods:
Introduction to laboratory techniques, Laboratory sessions (preceded by lectures): water waves,
air flow past a cylinder aero foils, hydraulic jumps, vortex shedding and vibrations, turbulent jets
and plumes.
Books Recommended:
1. H.Lamb, Hydrodynamics, Doer, 6th edition 1993.
2. White, F.M. Viscous flud flow (second Edition), Mcgraw Hill,1991.
3. P.J. Roache, “Computational Fluid Dynamics”, Albuquerque, N.M., Hemosa Publishers.
4. Patankar, S.V., Numerical Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow,Hemisphere, 1980.
5. K.A. Hoffmann and S.T. Chiang. Computational Fluid Dynamics for Engineers,
Vol.1 & 11, 1993.
METHODS OF EXPERIMENTAL PHYSICS 3 Cr. h
Vacuum Techniques:
Gas Transport: Throughout, Pumping Speed, Pump down Time Ultimate pressure. Fore-Vacuum
Pumps: Rotary Oil pumps; sorption pumps. Diffusion pumps, sorption pumps (High Vacuum).
Production of ultrahigh vacuum; Fundamental concepts; guttering pumps; Ion pumps; Cryogenic
pumps; Turbo molecular pumps, Measurement of total pressure in Vacuums Systems; Units
pressure ranges; Manometers; Perini gauges; The McLoad gauges; Mass spectrometer for
partial measurement of pressure. Design of high Vacuum system; Surface to Volume ratio; Pump
Choice; pumping system design Vacuum Components; Vacuum valves; vacuum Flanges; Liquid
Nitrogen trap; Mechanical feed throughs & Electrical feed throughs Leak detection: Basic
consideration; leak detection equipment; Special Techniques and problems; Repair Techniques.
Radiation Detection and Measurement:
GM tubes, scintillation detector, channeltron, photo multipliers, neutron detectors, alpha/beta
detectors, x-rays/gamma detectors, cosmic rays detectors, Spectrographs and Interferometers.
Sensor Technology:
Sensors for temperature, pressure displacement, rotation, flow, level, speed, rotation position,
phase, current voltage, power magnetic field, tilt, metal, explosive and heat.
Electronics and Electronic Instruments:
Operational amplifiers, summing amplifiers, difference amplifiers, Differentiators, Integrators,
Logarithmic amplifiers, current to voltage converter, Spectroscopy amplifiers, charge sensitive
pre-amplifiers, Coincidence circuits, Isolators, Ramp Generators, and single channel analyzer.
Power supplies, Signal Generators, Counters, Multichannel
analyzer, Lock in Amplifiers, Boxcar averages.
Computer Introduction:
Introduction to computers, GPIB Interface, RS 232. Interfacing, DA/AD conversion, Visual
c/visual Basic.
Data Analysis:
Evaluation of measurement: Systematic Errors, Accuracy; Accidental Errors, Precision, Statistical
Methods; Mean Value and Variance; Statistical Control of Measurements; Errors of Direct
measurements, Rejection of data; Significance of results; Propagation of errors; preliminary
Estimation; Errors of Computation. Least squares fit to a polynomial. Nonlinear functions. Data
manipulation, smoothing, interpolation and extrapolation, linear and parabolic interpolation
Books Recommended:
1. H.D.Young, Statistical Treatment of Methods of Experimental Physics, Academic Press, Inc.
New York & London Vol.1.
2. J. Yarwood, High Vacuum Techniques, Chapman Hall
3. P. Bevington, Data Reduction and Error Analysis for Physical Science, McGraw Hill.
4. J.B.Toping, Errors of Observations, IOP, 1962.
ENVIRONMENTAL PHYSICS 3 Cr. H
Introduction to the Essentials of Environmental Physics:
The economic system, living in green house, enjoying the sun, Transport of matter, Energy and
momentum, the social and political context
Basic Environmental Spectroscopy:
Black body radiation, The emission spectrum of sun, The transition electric dipole moment, The
Einstein Coefficients, Lambert Beers law, The spectroscopy of bi-molecules, Solar UV and life,
The ozone filter.
The Global Climate:
The energy Balance, (Zero-dimensional Greenhouse Model), elements of weather and climate,
climate variations and modeling
Transport of Pollutants:
Diffusion, flow in reverse, ground water. Flow equations of fluid Dynamics, Turbulence,
Turbulence Diffusion, Gaussian plumes in air, Turbulent jets and planes.
Noise:
Basic Acoustics, Human Perceptions and noise criteria, reducing the transmission of sound,
active control of sound.
Radiation:
General laws of Radiation, Natural radiation, interaction of electromagnetic radiation and plants,
utilization of photo synthetically active radiation
Atmosphere and Climate:
Structure of the atmosphere, vertical profiles in the lower layers of the atmosphere, Lateral
movement in the atmosphere, Atmospheric Circulation, cloud and Precipitation, The atmospheric
greenhouse effect
Topo Climates and Micro Climates:
Effects of surface elements in flat and widely unduling areas, Dynamic action of seliq. Thermal
action of selief
Climatology and Measurements of Climate Factor:
Data collection and organization, statistical analysis of climatic data, climatic indices, General
characteristics of measuring equipments. Measurement of temperature, air humidity, surface
wind velocity, Radiation balance, precipitation, Atmospheric Pressure, automaticweather
stations.
Books Recommended:
1. Egbert Booker and Rienk Van Gron Belle, Environmental Physics, 2 nd ed. John Wiley and
sons. 1999.
2. Physics of Environmental and Climate, Guyot Praxis Publication. 1998.
INTRODUCTION TO QUANTUM COMPUTING 3 Cr. h
Computer technology and historical background; Basic principles and postulates of quantum
mechanics: Quantum states, evolution, quantum measurement, superposition, quantization from
bits to qubits, operator function, density matrix, Schrodinger equation, Schmidt decomposition,
EPR and Bells inequality; Quantum Computation: Quantum Circuits, Single qubit operation,
Controlled operations, Measurement, Universal quantum gates, Single qubit and CNOT gates;
Breaking unbreakable codes: Code making, Trapdoor function, One time pad, RSA cryptography,
Code breaking on classical and quantum computers, Schors algorithm; Quantum Cryptography:
Uncertainty principle, Polarization and Spin basis, BB84, BB90, and Ekert protocols, Quantum
cryptography with and without eavesdropping, Experimental realization; Quantum Search
Algorithm.
Books Recommended:
1. Quantum Computation and Quantum Information by M. A. Nielson and I. L. Chuang,
Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 2000.
2. Exploration in Quantum Computation by C.P. Williams and S. H. Clearwater, Springer
Verlag (1997).
3. The Physics of Quantum Information: Quantum Cryptography, Quantum Teleportation,
Quantum Computation by P. Bouwmester, A.Ekert, and A. Zeilinger, Springer Verlag,
Berlin, Heidelberg (2000).
4. Mathematics of Quantum Computation by A.K.Brylinsky and G. Chen, Chapman &
Hall/CRC (2002).
PARTICLE PHYSICS 3 Cr. h
Particle Classification:
Quantum numbers, leptons, hadrons, baryons, mesons, quarks.
The Fundamental Interactions:
The electromagnetic coupling, the strong coupling, the weak coupling.
Symmetry Transformation and Conservation Laws:
Translation in space, rotation in space, the group SU (2), systems of identical particles, parity, iso-spin
charge conjugation, time reversal, G parity, CPT theorem.
The Electromagnetic Field:
Gauge invariance and Maxwells equations, polarization ad photon spin, angular momentum, parity and C
parity of photon.
Hadron Spectroscopy:
Formation experiment, partial wave formalism and the optical theorem, the Breit-Wigner
resonance formula, baryon resonances, phase space considerations, production experiments.
The Quark Model:
The group SU (3), quarks, hadrons baryons, mesons in quark model, heave meson spectroscopy,
the quarkonium model.
The Standard Model (qualitative treatment only):
Unification of weak and electromagnetic interactions Glashow-Salam-Weinberg Model.
Books Recommended:
1. Relatvistic Quantum Mechanics by Bjorken, J. D. and Drell, S.D., McGraw Hill, (1995).
2. Quarks and Leptons by Halzen, F. and Martin, A.D., John-Wiley and Sons. (1984).
3. Quantum Mechanics by Riazuddin and Fayyazuddin, World Scientific, (1990).
4. Introduction to Elementary Particles by Griffiths, D., John-Wiley and Sons, (1987).
COMPUTER SIMULATION OF PHYSICAL PROCESSES 3 Cr. Hrs
Introduction:
Importance of computers in physics, nature of computer simulation, computer graphics and
programming languages, Techniques and class of computer simulation, Accuracy and stability
of numerical techniques, External points and strings, principles of vector computing in Cartesian,
spherical and cylindrical coordinates.
Numerical Approaches:
Solution of Ordinary Differential Equations, initial (boundary) and eigen value problems,
numerical integrations, special functions and Guassian quadrarure, matrix operation, partial
differential equations (elliptic and parabolic types)
Computational Methods for Continuous Medium:
Fluid equations, Governing equation in integral and differential forms, Reduce forms of the
governing equation, finite volume method, compressible and incompressible flow and their
methods, Discrete methods for the steady state and time dependent diffusion equation. The
pressure-corection method on staggered and unstaggered grids. Time marching schems,
incorporation of furbulence model, schemes for solving large algebric system, use of commercial
code for prediction of off complex flow, Raynold averaging and its applications to Navier stokes
equations. Mean and Turbulant kinetic energy equation, Magneto hydrodynamics, Modelling
ideal (MHD), resistive and viseus flow of plasmas, thermal conduction and heat transport

Books Recommended:
1. Hillar, Johnston and Styer, Quantum Mechanics Simulation. (A Series of the Consortium for
upper level Physics software), John Wiley & Sons, Inc. New York.1995.
2. P.J. Roache, Computational Fluid Dynamics, Albuquerque, N.M. Hemosa Publishers. 1993.
3. Marvin L. De Jong, Introduction to Computational Physics, Addison Wesley Publishing
Company, Inc. New York, 1991.
5. D. Stauffer, F.W. Hehl, W. Winkelman and J.G. Zabolitzky, Computer Simultation and Computer
Algebra (Lectures for Beginers), Springer-Verlage Berlin, New York, 1988.
6. Harvey Gould and Jan Tobochink, An Introduction to “Computer Simulation Methods” Part-I &
II, Addison Wesley Publishing Company, Inc., New York. 1988.
EXPERIMENTAL NUCLEAR PHYSICS 3 Cr. h
Nuclear Radiation Detection and Measurements:
Interaction of nuclear radiation with matter; photographic emulsions; Gas-filled detectors;
Scintillation counters and solid-state detectors; Cloud chambers; Bubble chambers.
Charged Particle Accelerators:
Linear and orbital accelerators Van de Graaff, Cyclotron; Betatron; Synchrocyclotron;
Electron-Synchrotrons; Proton-synchrotron; Alternating-gradient Synchrotron.
Neutron Physics:
Neutron Sources, Radioactive sources, Photo neutron sources Charged particle sources, Reactor
as a neutron source, slow neutron detectors, fast neutron detectors, Measurement of neutron
cross-sections as a function of energy, slowing down of neutrons, Nuclear fission,
Description of fission reaction, Mass distribution of fission energy, Average number of neutrons
released, Theory of fission and spontaneous fission, Nuclear chain reaction and applications.
Elementary Reactor Physics:
Controlled fission reactions, Types of nuclear reactors (Power and Research), Detailed study of
PWR and CANDU type reactors.
Books Recommended:
1. Glenn, F. Knoll, Radiation Detection and Measurement, John Wiley, 1989.
2. William, R. Leo, Techniques for Nuclear and Particle Physics, Spinger, 1994.
3. Philips Berington and D. Keith, Data Detection and Error analysis for physical sciences, 2002.
4. Segre, Nuclei and Practicles, Bejamin, 1977.
5. Kenneth S. Krane, Introducing Nuclear Physics, 1995.
6. B. Povh, K. Rith, C. Scholtz, F. Zetsche, Particle and Nuclei, 1999.
LASERS 3 Cr. H
Introductory Concepts:
Spontaneous Emission, Absorption, Stimulated Emission, Pumping Schemes, Absorption and
Stimulated Emission Rates, Absorption and Gain Coefficients, Resonance Energy Transfers.
Properties of Laser Beam: Monochromaticity, Coherence, Directionality, Brightness, Laser
Applications
Spectroscopy of Molecule and Semiconductors:
Electronic Energy Levels, Molecular Energy Levels, Level Occupation at Thermal Equilibrium,
Stimulated Transition, Selection Rules, Radiative and Nonradiative Decay, Semiconductor.
Pumping Processes:
Optical pumping: Flash lamp and Laser, Threshold Pump Power, pumping efficiency, Electrical
Pumping: Longitudinal Configuration and Transverse Configuration, Gas Dynamics Pumping,
Chemical Pumping.
Lasers Systems :
Solid State Lasers: Ruby Laser, Nd: YAG & Nd: Glass Lasers and Semiconductor Lasers:
Homojunction Lasers Double-Heterostructure lasers, Gas lasers: Helium Neon laser, CO2 laser,
Nitrogen Laser and Excimer Lasers, Free-Electron and X-Ray Lasers
Recommended Books:
1. O. Svelto, Principles of Lasers, Plenum Press New York & London (1992).
2. J. Eberly and P. Milonni, Lasers, Wiley, New York, (Latest Edition)
Scully and Zubairy, Quantum Optics, Cambridge University Press (1997)
3. A.E. Siegman, Laser, University, Science Books Mill Valley, C.A. (1986)
4. H. Haken, Laser Theory, Springer, Berlin (Latest Edition)
5. W. T. Silfvast, Laser Fundamentals, latest edition.
COSMOLOGY 3 Cr. h
Special Relativity:
Galilean relativity, concept of ether, Michelson-Morley experiment, Einsteins postulates of special
relativity, Lorentz transformations, structure of space-time, Minkowski space time tensors, the
light-cone, line element, four-vectors, relativity of simultaneity, time dilation, proper time, length
contraction, time paradox, velocity transformation and velocity addition.
Relativistic Mechanics:
Force equation in relativity, rest mass, kinetic and total energy, conservation of energy and
momentum.
Elements of Tensor Calculus:
Manifolds and coordinates, curves and surfaces, tensor fields, Lie derivative, geodesics,
Riemann tensor, metric tensor.
Introduction to general relativity:
Cosmology: Newtonian cosmology, cosmological red-shift, Hubbles law, microwave background,
the Big Bang expansion rate, matter and radiation domination, history of the universe.
Books Recommended:
1. W.D.McComb, Dynamics and Relativity, Oxford University Press, 1999.
2. J.V.Narlikar, Introduction to Cosmology, Cambridge University Press, 1989.
3. R.D.DInverno, Introducing Einsteins Relativity, Oxford University Press, 1992.
Projects:
Surface Physics
1. Adsorption, Desorption Bonding , Catalysis and GrowthProcesses:
Adsorption mechanisms and kinetics chemisorption vs. physiorption, the kinetics of adsorption,
potential energy curves and adsorption energetics, Adsorption mechanisms and kinetics for low
coverages Langmuir Isotherms, derivation, adsorbate phase diagrams and phase transitions.
The Structure of Adsorbate Layers:
Experimental probes of surface structure such as LEED and RHEED. Growth processes,
vibrational spectroscopy, catalysis, Desorption.
2. The Electronics and Magnetic Structure of Surfaces:
Band theory, Free electron theories and the work function. The electronic structure of
semiconductor surfaces, Electron emission processes. Magnetic processes at surfaces.
3. Surface Microscopy:
Classification of microscopy techniques, Basic concepts in surface imaging and localized
spectroscopy, Imaging XPS, Optical microscopy, STEM. SEM. SPM. An introduction to the theory
and practice of scanning Tunneling Microscopy, Scanning probe microscopy techniques, Atomic
Force Microscopy.
Computer Simulation
4. Random Process and Quantum Physics:
Random Number and their uses, Random-walk problem, percolation theory, radio- activity and
radioactive decay series, Noise in Signal, Guassian Distribution, Distribution Functions in
Statistical Physics, Molecular Dynamics in Solids, Approaches to Equilibrium, Monte- Carlo
Simulation, Canonical and Micro-Canonical Ensembles, Numerical Solution of time-independent
(and dependent), Schrodinger Wave Equation, Particle in Bound and Free States.
LASERS
5. Optical Resonators:
Plane Parallel (Fabry-Perot) Resonator, Concentric (Spherical) Resonator, Confocal, Resonator,
Generalized Spherical Resonator, Ring Resonator, Stable Resonators, Unstable Resonators. ,
Matrix Formulation of Geometrical Optics, Wave Reflection and Transmission at a Dielectric
Interface, Stability Condition Standing and Traveling Waves in a two Mirror Resonator,
Longitudinal and Transverse Modes in a Cavity, Multilayer Dielectric Coatings, Fabry-Perot
Interferometer. Small Signal Gain and Loop Gain
6. Continuous Wave (CW) and pulsed lasers
Rate Equations, Threshold Condition and Output Power, Optimum Output Coupling, Laser Tuning,
Oscillation and Pulsations in Lasers, Q-Switching and Mode-Locking Methods, Phase Velocity,
Group Velocity, and Group-Delay Dispersion, Line broadening.