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Characteristics and Steps of Research

The document outlines the key characteristics and steps of the research process. It discusses that research should be empirical, logical, cyclical, analytical, critical, objective, replicable, and original. It then describes the 8 main steps of research: 1) selecting a topic, 2) reviewing literature, 3) identifying a research problem/question, 4) developing a research design, 5) gathering/collecting data, 6) analyzing the data, 7) interpreting the data, and 8) communicating the findings.

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Alyanna Magro
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1K views2 pages

Characteristics and Steps of Research

The document outlines the key characteristics and steps of the research process. It discusses that research should be empirical, logical, cyclical, analytical, critical, objective, replicable, and original. It then describes the 8 main steps of research: 1) selecting a topic, 2) reviewing literature, 3) identifying a research problem/question, 4) developing a research design, 5) gathering/collecting data, 6) analyzing the data, 7) interpreting the data, and 8) communicating the findings.

Uploaded by

Alyanna Magro
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Characteristics:

1. Empirical. Research is based on direct experience or observation by the researcher.

2. Logical. Research is based on valid procedures and principles.

3. Cyclical. Research is a cyclical process because it starts with a problem and ends with a problem.

4. Analytical. Research utilizes proven analytical procedures in gathering the data, whether historical,
descriptive, experimental and case study.

5. Critical. Research exhibits careful and precise judgment.

6.) Objective. Research only base data on what you see (direct observation) and not what you think or
want to happen. Stick to the truth, even if it’s not what you expected.

7. Replicability. The research design and procedures are replicated or repeated to enable the
researcher to arrive at valid and conclusive results.

8. Originality: This should go without saying but all work should be your own. Also originality should
apply to the overall idea driving the work, why cover something that has been covered hundreds of
times before? Your work will stand out if it tackles something new or something old from an interesting
or different angle not thought of before.

Processes:

Step 1: Select a topic

Selecting a topic can be the most challenging part of a research assignment. Since this is the very first
step in writing a paper, it is vital that it be done correctly. Here are some tips for selecting a topic:

- Select a topic within the parameters set by the assignment. Many times your instructor will give you
clear guidelines as to what you can and cannot write about. Failure to work within these guidelines may
result in your proposed paper being deemed unacceptable by your instructor.

- Select a topic of personal interest to you and learn more about it. The research for and writing of a
paper will be more enjoyable if you are writing about something that you find interesting.

- Select a topic for which you can find a manageable amount of information. Do a preliminary search of
information sources to determine whether existing sources will meet your needs. If you find too much
information, you may need to narrow your topic; if you find too little, you may need to broaden your
topic.

- Be original. Your instructor reads hundreds of research papers every year, and many of them are on
the same topics (topics in the news at the time, controversial issues, subjects for which there is ample
and easily accessed information). Stand out from your classmates by selecting an interesting and off-
the-beaten-path topic.

- Still can't come up with a topic to write about? See your instructor for advice

sources: analyst0091.blogspot.com science.blurtit.com us.humankinetics.com


Step 2: Review the Literature

Now that the problem has been identified, the researcher must learn more about the topic under
investigation. To do this, the researcher must review the literature related to the research problem. This
step provides foundational knowledge about the problem area. The review of literature also educates
the researcher about what studies have been conducted in the past, how these studies were conducted,
and the conclusions in the problem area.

Step 3: Identify the Research Problem/ Question

The third step in the process is to identify a problem or develop a research question. The research
problem may be something the agency identifies as a problem, some knowledge or information that is
needed by the agency, or the desire to identify a recreation trend nationally. This serves as the focus of
the study

Step 4: Develop a research design

After the formulation of the problem and reading literature for it, research design is to prepare by the
researcher. It may draw the conceptual structure of the problem. Any type of research design may be
made, depend on the nature and purpose of the study. Daring R. Design the information about sources,
skill, time and finance is taken into consideration.

Step 5: Gather/ Collect Data

Once the instrumentation plan is completed, the actual study begins with the collection of data. The
collection of data is a critical step in providing the information needed to answer the research question.
Every study includes the collection of some type of data—whether it is from the literature or from
subjects—to answer the research question. Data can be collected in the form of words on a survey, with
a questionnaire, through observations, or from the literature.

Step 6: Analyze the Data

All the time, effort, and resources dedicated to steps 1 through 7 of the research process culminate in
this final step. The researcher finally has data to analyze so that the research question can be answered.
In the instrumentation plan, the researcher specified how the data will be analyzed. The researcher now
analyzes the data according to the plan. The results of this analysis are then reviewed and summarized
in a manner directly related to the research questions.

Step 7: Interpret data

Data interpretation refers to the implementation of processes through which data is reviewed for the
purpose of arriving at an informed conclusion. The interpretation of data assigns a meaning to the
information analyzed and determines its signification and implications.

Step 8: Communicate the research findings

The results section is where you report the findings of your study based upon the methodology [or
methodologies] you applied to gather information. The results section should state the findings of the
research arranged in a logical sequence without bias or interpretation. A section describing results is
particularly necessary if your paper includes data generated from your own research.

sources: analyst0091.blogspot.com science.blurtit.com us.humankinetics.com

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