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Inverse, Converse, Contrapositive

The document discusses four logical statements related to a conditional statement "if p, then q": 1. The conditional statement itself 2. The converse, which switches the hypothesis and conclusion 3. The inverse, which negates both the hypothesis and conclusion 4. The contrapositive, which switches and negates the hypothesis and conclusion. It provides examples to illustrate that while a statement may be true, its converse, inverse or contrapositive may be false. However, if the original statement is true, then the contrapositive is also logically true.

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Daniel Saragoza
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890 views3 pages

Inverse, Converse, Contrapositive

The document discusses four logical statements related to a conditional statement "if p, then q": 1. The conditional statement itself 2. The converse, which switches the hypothesis and conclusion 3. The inverse, which negates both the hypothesis and conclusion 4. The contrapositive, which switches and negates the hypothesis and conclusion. It provides examples to illustrate that while a statement may be true, its converse, inverse or contrapositive may be false. However, if the original statement is true, then the contrapositive is also logically true.

Uploaded by

Daniel Saragoza
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Converse, Inverse, Contrapositive

Given an if-then statement "if p , then q ," we can create three related statements:

A conditional statement consists of two parts, a hypothesis in the “if” clause and a conclusion in the “then”
clause. For instance, “If it rains, then they cancel school.”
"It rains" is the hypothesis.
"They cancel school" is the conclusion.

Inverse of a Conditional

Negating both the hypothesis and conclusion of a conditional statement. For example, the inverse of "If it
is raining then the grass is wet" is "If it is not raining then the grass is not wet".

To form the inverse of the conditional statement, take the negation of both the hypothesis and the
conclusion.
The inverse of “If it rains, then they cancel school” is “If it does not rain, then they do not cancel
school.”

Note: As in the example, a proposition may be true but its inverse may be false.

Converse

Switching the hypothesis and conclusion of a conditional statement. For example, the converse of "If it is
raining then the grass is wet" is "If the grass is wet then it is raining."

To form the converse of the conditional statement, interchange the hypothesis and the conclusion.
The converse of "If it rains, then they cancel school" is "If they cancel school, then it rains."

Note: As in the example, a proposition may be true but have a false converse.

Contrapositive

Switching the hypothesis and conclusion of a conditional statement and negating both. For example, the
contrapositive of "If it is raining then the grass is wet" is "If the grass is not wet then it is not raining."

To form the contrapositive of the conditional statement, interchange the hypothesis and the conclusion of
the inverse statement.
The contrapositive of "If it rains, then they cancel school" is "If they do not cancel school, then it does
not rain."

Note: As in the example, the contrapositive of any true proposition is also true.
Statement If p, then q .

Converse If q, then p .

Inverse If not p then not q

Contrapositive If not q , then not p .

If the statement is true, then the contrapositive is also logically true. If the converse is true, then the
inverse is also logically true.

Example 1:

If two angles are congruent, then they have the same


Statement
measure.

If two angles have the same measure, then they are


Converse
congruent.

If two angles are not congruent, then they do not have


Inverse
the same measure.

If two angles do not have the same measure, then they


Contrapositive
are not congruent.

In the above example, since the hypothesis and conclusion are equivalent, all four statements are true.
But this will not always be the case!

Example 2:

If a quadrilateral is a rectangle, then it has two pairs of


Statement
parallel sides.

If a quadrilateral has two pairs of parallel sides, then it


Converse
is a rectangle. (FALSE!)

If a quadrilateral is not a rectangle, then it does not


Inverse
have two pairs of parallel sides. (FALSE!)

If a quadrilateral does not have two pairs of parallel


Contrapositive
sides, then it is not a rectangle.

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