Chemical Formula Of Common Compounds

Chemistry is said to be a subject mostly comprising of reactions along with

formulas. We come across various chemical substances in our daily life. Some of the
substances we use in our house such as the staples present in the medicine cabinet
comprise chemical substances. All these chemicals are bound up with atoms in a fixed
proportion and also these are arranged in a certain way. So, to figure out what kind of
proportions are these and their arrangement within the substance, the chemical formula
is more needed.
The chemical formula gives us a clear understanding regarding the chemical
substances, like how many and what the chemical elements of the Periodic table
consists of, along with the way of they are arranged. There are about some chemistry
formulas coming in the chemistry as given below.

Importance of Chemistry Formulas

Chemical Formula in Chemistry is like a shorthand used to represent the
elements in a compound. The Periodic Table has elements along with the symbols.
These Chemical symbols are used for representing different individual elements
like H is hydrogen, O for oxygen, Ca for calcium, Na for Sodium and so on. The
Substances which have more than two or more atoms bonded together, and also more
than one or more elements are called as compounds. Hence to know the nature of
these chemical compounds and their reactions, chemistry formulas play a vital role. It
gives an idea of how a substance has formed and the proportion of elements involved in
that particular reaction.

Types of Chemistry Formulas or Chemical Formula

In chemistry, there are a various number of iterations of the chemical formula of a
compound, some of them are given below.
Molecular Formula:
The molecular formula gives you the number of elements present in a compound.
In this formula, the elements are written in the form of their symbols as in the periodic
table where the number of atoms is written as a subscript. For example- the molecular
formula for glucose is written as C6H12O6.
Empirical Formula:
This formula tells about the ratio of the elements present in a compound. This formula is
usually obtained based on the analysis of experimental data. The empirical formula for
glucose is written as CH2O. Empirical Formulas are usually said to be derived from the
molecular formulas.
Structural Formula:
As the name tells you, the structural formula provides an idea of how the atoms in the
molecule or the compound are arranged along with their bond formations.

How to write Chemical Formula

In order to write a chemical formula, it is important to know the symbol of the
elements present in the compound, formula of the radicals and the valency of the
elements in that compound. Following points should be kept in mind while writing a
chemical formula.

 Most of the compounds are binary compounds i.e. they have two elements.
Compounds with more than two elements are also known.
 An atom with a positive charge is called as a cation whereas an atom with the
negative charge is called as an anion.
 For a compound containing a metal and a non-metal, the metal is named first
followed by the non-metal. For example: NaCl which consists of Na+ (metal ion)
and Cl– (non-metal ion)
 Anions having -1 negative charge usually have a suffix as –ide. For example: F–
– Floride
 Anions having oxy anions (oxygen + another element) usually have a suffix as –
ate. For example – SO42-(Sulphate)
 When a polyatomic anion has H– ion, bi- or hydrogen is used as a suffix. For
example – HCO3–-Bicarbonate or hydrogen carbonate
 Some polyatomic anions can be named as:

Chemical Formula Polyatomic Anion

NH2– Amide

PO43- Phosphate

CN– Cyanide
List of Chemical Compound Formula
There are several chemical formula, however, here are the list of most important
Chemical Formula.

Sl.No Name of the Chemical Compound Formula

1 Acetic acid formula CH3COOH

2 Aaluminum hydroxide formula Al(OH)3

3 Acetate formula CH3COO-

4 Acetone formula C3H6O

5 Aluminum acetate formula Al2O(C2H3O2)4

6 Aluminum bromide formula AlBr3

7 Aluminum carbonate formula Al2(CO3)3

8 Aluminum chloride formula AlCl3

9 Aluminum fluoride formula AlF3

10 Aluminum formula Al

11 Aluminum iodide formula AlI3

12 Aluminum oxide formula Al2O3

13 Aluminum phosphate formula AlPO4

14 Amino acid formula R(NH2)-COOH

15 Ammonia chemical formula NH4

16 Ammonia formula NH3

17 Ammonium acetate formula C2H3O2NH4

18 Ammonium bicarbonate formula NH4HCO3

19 Ammonium bromide formula NH4Br

20 Ammonium carbonate formula (NH4)2CO3

21 Ammonium chloride formula NH4Cl

22 Ammonium hydroxide formula NH4OH

23 Ammonium iodide formula NH4I

24 Ammonium nitrate chemical formula (NH4)(NO3)

25 Ammonium nitrate formula NH4NO3

26 Ammonium nitrite formula NH4NO2

27 Ammonium oxide formula (NH4)2O

28 Ammonium phosphate formula (NH4)3PO4

29 Ammonium sulfate formula (NH4)2SO4

30 Ammonium sulfide formula (NH4)2S

31 Argon gas formula Ar

32 Ascorbic acid formula C6H8O6

33 Barium acetate formula Ba(C2H3O2)2

34 Barium bromide formula BaBr2

35 Barium chloride formula BaCl2

36 Barium fluoride formula BaF2

37 Barium hydroxide formula Ba(OH)2

38 Barium iodide formula BaI2

39 Barium nitrate formula Ba(NO3)2

40 Barium oxide formula BaO

41 Barium phosphate formula Ba3O8P2

42 Barium sulfate formula BaSO4

43 Benzene formula C6H6

44 Benzoic acid formula C7H6O2

45 Bicarbonate formula CHO3-

46 Bleach formula NaClO

47 Boric acid formula H3BO3

48 Bromate formula Br

49 Bromic acid formula HBrO3

50 Bromine gas formula Br2

51 Butane formula C4H10

52 Butanoic acid formula C4H8O2

53 Calcium acetate formula Ca(COO-)2

54 Calcium bromide formula CaBr2

55 Calcium carbonate formula CaCO3

56 Calcium hydride formula CaH2

57 Calcium hydroxide formula Ca(OH)2

58 Calcium iodide formula CaI2

59 Calcium nitrate formula Ca(NO3)2

60 Calcium oxide formula CaO

61 Carbon monoxide formula CO

62 Carbon tetrachloride formula CCl4

63 Carbonic acid formula H2CO3

64 Chemical formula for calcium phosphate Ca3(PO4)2

65 Chemical formula for carbonic acid H2CO3

66 Chemical formula for citric acid C6H8O7

67 Chlorate formula ClO-3

68 Chlorine formula Cl2

69 Chlorine gas formula Cl2

70 Chlorous acid formula HClO2

71 Chromate formula CrO42-

72 Chromic acid formula H2CrO4

73 Citric acid formula C6H8O7

74 Copper ii carbonate formula CuCO3

75 Copper ii nitrate formula Cu(NO3)2

76 Cyanide formula CN-

77 Dichromate formula K2Cr2O7

78 Dihydrogen monoxide formula H2O

79 Dinitrogen monoxide formula N2O

80 Dinitrogen pentoxide formula N2O5

81 Dinitrogen trioxide formula N2O3

82 Ethanol formula C2H5OH

83 Ethanol structural formula CH3CH2OH

84 Ethylene glycol formula C2H6O2

85 Fluorine gas formula F2

86 Formula for aluminum bromide AlBr3

87 Formula for aluminum sulfide Al2S3

88 Formula for ammonium carbonate (NH4)2CO3

89 Formula for ammonium nitrate (NH4)(NO3)

90 Formula for ammonium phosphate (NH4)3PO4

91 Formula for barium chloride BaCl2

92 Formula for barium sulfate BaSO4

93 Formula for calcium nitrate Ca(NO3)2

94 Formula for carbon monoxide CO

95 Formula for carbon tetrachloride CCl4

96 Formula for carbonic acid H2CO3

97 Formula for hydrofluoric acid HF

98 Formula for hydroiodic acid HI

99 Formula for hypochlorous acid HClO

100 Formula for lithium phosphate Li3PO4

101 Formula for magnesium nitrate MgNO3

102 Formula for magnesium phosphate Mg3(PO4)2

103 Formula for nitrogen monoxide NO

104 Formula for nitrous acid HNO2

105 Formula for potassium carbonate K2CO3

106 Formula for potassium iodide KI

107 Formula for potassium nitrate KNO3

108 Formula for potassium phosphate KH2PO4

109 Formula for sodium carbonate Na2CO3

110 Formula for sodium oxide Na2O

111 Fructose chemical formula C6H12O6

112 Glycerol formula C3H8O3

113 Helium gas formula He

114 Hexane formula C6H14

115 Hydrobromic acid formula HBr

116 Hydrochloric acid formula HCl

117 Hydrocyanic acid formula HCN

118 Hydrofluoric acid formula HF

119 Hydrogen carbonate formula CHO3-

120 Hydrogen gas formula H2

121 Hydrogen peroxide formula H2O2

122 Hydrogen phosphate formula H3PO4

123 Hydrogen sulfate formula HSO4-

124 Hydroiodic acid formula HI

125 Hydrosulfuric acid formula H2SO4

126 Hydroxide formula OH-

127 Hypobromous acid formula HBrO

128 Hypochlorite formula NaClO

129 Hypochlorous acid formula HClO

130 Hypoiodous acid formula HIO

131 Iodic acid formula HIO3

132 Iodide formula I2

133 Iodine formula I2

134 Iron ii nitrate formula Fe(NO3)3

135 Iron ii oxide formula FeO

136 Iron iii carbonate formula Fe2(CO3)3

137 Iron iii hydroxide formula HFeO2

138 Iron iii oxide formula Fe2O3

139 Iron oxide formula Fe2O3

140 Lactic acid formula C3H6O3

141 Lead acetate formula Pb(C2H3O2)2

142 Lead ii acetate formula Pb(C2H3O2)2

143 Lead iodide formula PbI2

144 Lead iv oxide formula PbO2

145 Lead nitrate formula Pb(NO3)2

146 Lithium bromide formula LiBr

147 Lithium chloride formula LiCl2

148 Lithium hydroxide formula LiOH

149 Lithium iodide formula LiI2

150 Lithium oxide formula Li2O

151 Lithium phosphate formula Li3PO4

152 Magnesium acetate formula Mg(CH3COO)2

153 Magnesium bicarbonate formula MgCO3

154 Magnesium carbonate formula MgCO3

155 Magnesium chloride formula MgCl2

156 Magnesium hydroxide formula Mg(OH)3

157 Magnesium iodide formula MgI2

158 Magnesium nitrate formula Mg(NO3)2

159 Magnesium nitride formula Mg3N2

160 Magnesium oxide chemical formula MgO

161 Magnesium oxide formula MgO

162 Magnesium phosphate chemical formula Mg3PO4

163 Magnesium phosphate formula Mg3(PO4)2

164 Magnesium sulfate formula MgSO4

165 Magnesium sulfide formula MgS

166 Methane formula CH4

167 Methanol formula CH3OH

168 Nickel acetate formula Ni(C2H3O2)2

169 Nickel nitrate formula Ni(NO3)2

170 Nitric acid formula HNO3

171 Nitride formula N3

172 Nitrite formula NO2−

173 Nitrogen dioxide formula NO2

174 Nitrogen monoxide formula NO

175 Nitrous acid formula HNO2

176 Oxalate formula C2O42−

177 Oxalic acid formula H2C2O4

178 Oxygen gas formula O2

179 Ozone formula O3

180 Perbromic acid formula HBrO4

181 Permanganate formula KMnO4

182 Permanganate ion formula MnO4-

183 Phosphate chemical formula PO43-

184 Phosphate formula PO4-

185 Phosphate ion formula PO43-

186 Phosphoric acid formula H3PO4

187 Phosphorus pentachloride formula PCl5

188 Phosphorus trichloride formula PCl3

189 Potassium acetate formula CH3CO2K

190 Potassium bicarbonate formula KHCO3

191 Potassium carbonate formula K2CO3

192 Potassium chlorate formula KClO3

193 Potassium chloride chemical formula KCl

194 Potassium chloride formula KCl

195 Potassium chromate formula CrK2O4

196 Potassium cyanide formula KCN

197 Potassium dichromate formula K2Cr2O7

198 Potassium fluoride formula KF

199 Potassium hydroxide formula KOH

200 Potassium hypochlorite formula KClO3

201 Potassium iodide formula KI

202 Potassium nitrate chemical formula KNO3

203 Potassium nitrate formula KNO3

204 Potassium nitrite formula KNO2

205 Potassium oxide formula K2O

206 Potassium phosphate chemical formula KH2PO4

207 Potassium phosphate formula KH2PO4

208 Potassium sulfite formula K2SO3

209 Salicylic acid formula C7H6O3

210 Silicon dioxide formula SiO2

211 Silver acetate formula AgC2H3O2

212 Silver carbonate formula Ag2CO3

213 Silver chloride formula AgCl

214 Silver nitrate formula AgNO3

215 Silver oxide formula Ag2O

216 Silver phosphate formula Ag3PO4

217 Sodium acetate formula C2H3NaO2

218 Sodium bicarbonate formula NaHCO3

219 Sodium bromide formula NaBr

220 Sodium carbonate chemical formula Na2CO3

221 Sodium carbonate formula Na2CO3

222 Sodium chloride formula NaCl

223 Sodium chromate formula Na2CrO4

224 Sodium citrate formula Na3C6H5O7

225 Sodium cyanide formula NaCN

226 Sodium dichromate formula Na2Cr2O7

227 Sodium fluoride formula NaF

228 Sodium hydroxide formula NaOH

229 Sodium hypochlorite formula NaClO

230 Sodium iodide formula NaI

231 Sodium nitrate chemical formula NaNO3

232 Sodium nitrate formula NaNO3

233 Sodium nitride formula Na3N

234 Sodium nitrite formula NaNO2

235 Sodium oxide formula Na2O

236 Sodium peroxide formula Na2O2

237 Sodium phosphate formula Na3PO4

238 Sodium sulfate formula Na2SO4

239 Sodium sulfide formula Na2S

240 Sodium sulfite formula Na2SO3

241 Strontium chloride formula SrCl2

242 Strontium nitrate formula Sr(NO3)2

243 Sucrose formula C12H22O11

244 Sugar chemical formula C12H22O11

245 Sulfate ion formula SO42−

246 Sulfur dioxide formula SO2

247 Sulfur trioxide formula SO3

248 Sulfuric acid formula H2SO4

249 Sulfurous acid formula H2SO3

250 Tartaric acid formula C4H6O6

251 Toluene formula C7H8

252 Urea formula CH4N2O

253 Vinegar chemical formula C2H4O2

254 Zinc acetate formula Zn(O2CCH3)2

255 Zinc carbonate formula ZnCO3

256 Zinc chloride formula ZnCl2

257 Zinc hydroxide formula Zn(OH)2

258 Zinc iodide formula ZnI2

259 Zinc nitrate formula Zn(NO3)2

260 Zinc phosphate formula Zn3(PO4)2

261 Zinc sulfate formula ZnSO4

262 Zinc sulfide formula ZnS

Chemical reactions and equations class 10 questions Answers

Chemical reactions and equations class 10 questions Answers are for students
of class 10 who come under the class 10 cbse board. With the class 10 science
syllabus being vast covering topics like the Periodic classification of elements, Carbon
compounds, Metals and non-metals, Acids, bases and salts, and more, it is important
that a student must learn all the important questions and topics which usually tend to
repeat through the years in the university papers. That is why here we have provided
Chemical reactions and equations class 10 questions Answers so that students can
effectively improve their learning and give out a better effort for the cbse board exam.
1. What is electrolytic decomposition? (2 marks)
Ans: The process of decomposition of any molecule using electricity is termed as
electrolytic decomposition. The application of this is when we need to separate
molecules which dissociate at high temperatures. One such case would be sodium
chloride. Sodium Chloride dissociates at high temp but breaks apart easily on
electrolytic decomposition.
2. Give two uses of quicklime. (2 marks)
Ans: Quicklime also known as calcium oxide has multiple applications. Two of them
are:
Quicklime is used extensively in the process of creating cement.
Lime is used as a reagent in laboratories for dehydration, precipitation, etc.
3. What is the difference between single displacement and double displacement
reactions with the help of suitable examples to help solve the same (3 marks)
Ans: A single displacement reaction is a reaction in which the one or more elements
replaces another element in a compound. Whereas in a double displacement reaction,
there are two exchanges of ions between compounds resulting in two new compounds.
Consider 4 elements A, B, C & D. In a single displacement reaction, the mechanism
would be as follows.
AB + C -> AC + B
Wherein C & B are pure elements and are exchanged forming 2 compounds with A.
Considering the case of a double displacement reaction:
AB + CD -> AC + BD
4. Why are oil and fat containing food items flushed with nitrogen? (3 marks)
Ans: Nitrogen is an inert gas and thus does not react with fats and oils present in food
substances. But the case with oxygen is different as it makes food rancid by reacting it
with food items. Thus packing oil and fatty foods with nitrogen and fatty foods will help
to sustain the quality of the food for longer by removing the oxygen before packing.
5. How do we balance a chemical equation? (4 marks)
Ans: Balancing a chemical reaction is mandatory and required to understand the ratios
involved in the action of a chemical reaction. There are several steps which need to be
noted when balancing a chemical reaction, let us look at them one by one.
First, write the unbalanced chemical reaction. If the unbalanced chemical
reaction is not given, use the components of the chemical reaction that are mentioned
and write down the skeletal equation.
Now take note of how many atoms are on each side of the reaction of each
element. The subscript of an element represents the rate of the number of atoms. If the
number of atoms on the reactant side is not equal to the number of atoms on the
product side, then we can confirm that the equation is not balanced. This contradicts the
law of conservation of mass, thus we must balance the chemical reaction.
Add coefficients to the compounds or elements in the chemical reaction so that
the number of atoms on both sides of the reaction matches up for all the constituent
elements.
Keep notice to balance oxygen and hydrogen atoms last as they are present in a variety
of compounds and trying to fix that ratio first will complicate things further.
Check out this page to learn further in detail: Balancing Chemical Equations
6. Explain four different types of chemical reaction with suitable examples. (8
marks)
Ans:

Redox reaction: A REDuction-OXidation reaction is a reaction in which there is a

transfer of electrons between chemical species. Let us consider the example of an
electrochemical cell-like redox reaction between Zinc and Hydrogen.
Zn+2H+→Zn2++H2
Here, A Zinc atom reacts with 2 ions of positively charged hydrogen to which electrons
get transferred from zinc atom and hydrogen becomes a stable molecule and Zinc ion is
the product.
Neutralization reaction: It is basically the reaction between an acid and a base giving
salt and water as the products. The water molecule formed is by the combination of
OH– ions and H+ ions. The overall pH of the products when a strong acid and a strong
base undergo a neutralization reaction will be 7. Consider the example of the
neutralization reaction between Hydrochloric acid and Sodium Hydroxide giving out
sodium chloride(Common Salt) and water.
HCl+NaOH→NaCl+H2O
Here, an acid and a base, Hydrochloric acid and Sodium Hydroxide react in a
neutralization reaction to produce Sodium Chloride(Common Salt) and Water as the
products.
Decomposition reaction: A Decomposition reaction is a reaction in which a single
component breaks down into multiple products. Certain changes in energy in the
environment have to be made of heat, light or electricity breaking bonds of the
compound. Consider the example of the decomposition of calcium carbonate giving out
CaO (Quick Lime) which is a major component of cement.
CaCO3(s)→Heat CaO(s)+CO2(g)
Here, the compound Calcium carbonate when heated breaks down into Calcium Oxide
and Carbon Dioxide.
Combustion reaction: A combustion reaction is a reaction with a combustible material
with an oxidizer to give an oxidized product. An oxidizer is a chemical a fuel requires to
burn, generally oxygen. Consider the example of combustion of magnesium metal.
2Mg+O2→2MgO+Heat
Here, 2 magnesium atoms react with a molecule of oxygen producing 2 molecules of
the compound magnesium oxide releasing some heat in the process.
 7. How is exothermic reaction different from an endothermic reaction? (3 marks)
Ans: An exothermic reaction is a reaction in which there is an expulsion of energy
which can be in the form of light or heat. Whereas an endothermic reaction is one in
which the system absorbs heat from the surroundings mostly in the form of heat energy.
Examples of an exothermic reaction are Rusting iron, settling, chemical bonds,
explosions, nuclear fission whereas some examples of an endothermic reaction are
Melting ice, evaporation, cooking, gas molecules, photosynthesis.
8. Explain the process of corrosion and rusting. (2 marks)
Ans: Corrosion is the natural process by which a naturally pure metal converts into a
more stable form of itself like sulfide, hydroxide or oxide. It is an actual degradation of
the metal as it renders the metal useless of its usual metallic character.
Rusting is the specific name given to the corrosion of iron. Rust can be termed
with the chemical formula of Iron Oxide with its general form formula being Fe2O3. N
H2O. Iron when in contact with air moisture or water, corrodes and forms rust.
A compound is a substance made up of a definite proportion of two or more
elements. A chemical formula tells us the number of atoms of each element in a
compound. It contains the symbols of the atoms of the elements present in the
compound as well as how many there are for each element in the form of subscripts

The formula for aluminium foil is AL2O3, or aluminium(III) oxide. Aluminium is a

very reactive metal and reacts with any oxygen it contacts. Most aluminium mined or
found is aluminium oxide because of this.

The density of aluminum is 2.7 g/mL, which means the metal will sink in water,
but is still relatively light. Chemical Properties: The surface of aluminum metal is
covered with a thin layer of oxide that helps protect the metal from attack by air.

Aluminum was named for one its most important compounds, alum. Alum is a
compound of potassium, aluminum, sulfur, and oxygen. The chemical name
ispotassium aluminum sulfate, KAl(SO 4 ) 2 .

Some other common compounds include the following:

 Carbon dioxide gas (CO2) formed by combination of carbon and oxygen. ...
 Common salt (NaCl), which has the chemical name of sodium chloride and is composed
of sodium and chlorine.
 Alcohol (C6H5OH) is an organic compound composed of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.