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Onion Production Guide PDF

This document provides information on growing onions in the Philippines, including suitable soil and climate conditions, seedbed preparation, sowing, care of seedlings, land preparation, planting/transplanting, irrigation, fertilizer application, and harvesting. It notes that onions grow best in mild climates with distinct wet and dry seasons in well-drained, friable soils. Seedbeds are prepared by plowing, harrowing, and leveling the soil before sowing seeds or transplanting seedlings. Fertilizers, irrigation, and mulching are used to promote bulb growth. Onions are harvested when the leaves turn yellow and necks soften.

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962 views4 pages

Onion Production Guide PDF

This document provides information on growing onions in the Philippines, including suitable soil and climate conditions, seedbed preparation, sowing, care of seedlings, land preparation, planting/transplanting, irrigation, fertilizer application, and harvesting. It notes that onions grow best in mild climates with distinct wet and dry seasons in well-drained, friable soils. Seedbeds are prepared by plowing, harrowing, and leveling the soil before sowing seeds or transplanting seedlings. Fertilizers, irrigation, and mulching are used to promote bulb growth. Onions are harvested when the leaves turn yellow and necks soften.

Uploaded by

CyrilJohnDomingo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Onion

Onions (Allium cepa L.) are biennial herbs


usually grown as an annual from bulbs or
seeds, planted after rice. Besides being
one of the most indispensable culinary
ingredients in the world, onions are well-
known in suppressing blood sugar levels
and platelet aggregation.

Widely cultivated in the Philippines are


red onion (Red Creole), white onion
(Yellow Granex), and multiplier onion
(shallot or native onion). Native onion cultivars Tanduyong and Batanes are now becoming
increasingly in demand for export.

red onions white onions multiplier onions

SOIL AND AGROCLIMATIC FACTORS

Places with distinct wet and dry seasons are suitable for commercial onion production. Onion
grows best in mild climate and dry and warm conditions for proper maturation of bulbs. Well-
drained, sandy, and silty loam that are friable, fertile, and able to maintain adequate moisture
are favorable to onion-growing.

SEEDBED PREPARATION

1. Seedbed for onion is from 50-70 cm wide,


elevated, and of any convenient length.
2. Plow the seedbed area as deep as possible
and harrow several times. Seedbeds should
be parallel to each other at a distance of
30 cm. To raise the seedbed 10-15 cm high,
excavate the soil in the proposed pathways,
and put it on the seedbed.
3. Pulverize the topsoil 3-5 cm deep and then level the surface. The seeds are planted at
1-1.5 cm deep.
4. Minimize weed problems by irrigating the area after harrowing to allow weed seeds to
germinate. A week after they germinate, plow and harrow again, repeatedly before
sowing.

SOWING

1. Make shallow furrows horizontally


across the seedbed with 2-5 cm
spacing in between.
2. Apply Vesicular Arbuscular
Mycorrhizae (VAM), a biofertilizer
that helps in water and nutrient VAM
Trichoderma

absorption, and prevention of soil-


borne diseases.
3. Sow 200-250 seeds per 5 m of furrow at a
depth twice the seed size.
4. Cover the seeds with well-pulverized soil and
top them with rice straw or hull mulch.
5. Water the seedbed thoroughly using 10-15g
Trichoderma spores, a fungus that helps
minimize incidence of soil-borne diseases like
damping-off, mixed in 16 L water.
6. Bulblets are planted in the seedbed 2-3 cm
apart within a row and 3-5 cm apart another
row. About 200-300 kg of good bulblets are
needed per ha.

CARE OF SEEDLINGS

Weed and fertilize with 10 tbsp 14-14-14 or 16-20-0 dissolved in 16L of water 2-3 weeks after
germination. Reduce frequency of watering ten days before transplanting. Allow seeds to suffer
from mild wilting before watering to harden the seedlings. Water the seedbed thoroughly an hour
before pulling them gently avoiding damage to roots or stems for transplanting.

LAND PREPARATION

Land preparation should be started after sowing seeds in the seedbed. It can be done by zero or
minimum tillage with rice straw mulching or conventional tillage.

Zero tillage requires rice stubbles and weeds to


be mowed as close to the ground as possible and
application of a non-selective herbicide. Plowing two
and harrowing twice or thrice may be done instead of
herbicide application in minimum tillage. Broadcast
45 g of 14-14-14 fertilizer. Spread mulch 5-10 cm
thick throughout the field.
In conventional tillage, field is plowed once
or twice and harrowed twice or thrice every
2-3 weeks until transplanting. Irrigate field
after harrowing to allow weeds to grow and be
removed in the next harrowing.

For final land preparation, plow the area once


and harrow it several times then level it. Rows
of narrow, shallow furrows are made parallel to
each other 10-15 cm apart. Apply 14-14-14 in
the furrow at the rate of 100g per linear meter. mulching
Cover the fertilizer with fine soil.

PLANTING OR TRANSPLANTING

1. Before transplanting, dip the seedling


roots in a mixture of Trichoderma.
2. Soil is pressed for better contact
between soil and roots. In direct seeding,
3-5 seeds are planted per hill at 6-8 cm
planting distance between hills in the
furrow.
3. Apply VAM or Trichoderma before
seeding.
4. Cover seeds with soil.

IRRIGATION/WATERING

1. Water immediately after planting. In


unmulched plots, watering is done
everyday in the morning to prevent
damping-off especially during the early
stages of vegetative growth. For mulched
plots, water every 5-7 days or when
temporary wilting occurs. VAM application
2. Stop watering 10 days before harvest.

FERTILIZER APPLICATION

1. One to two weeks after planting, apply (either broadcast or dissolved in water and
sprinkled) 15g of urea and 10g muriate of potash per square meter or 150 kg and
100kg, respectively, per hectare.
2. Repeat application when bulbs start to develop. Too much fertilizer may result in over-
sized bulbs. For direct-seeded, fertilize one month after germination, and when bulbs
start to develop.
HARVESTING

Harvest onions when necks soften, leaves change from green to yellow, roots die, and fall over.
Selective harvesting is suggested to avoid rapid deterioration of immature bulbs, which may in
turn cause deterioration of older, more mature bulbs.

With VAM Without VAM

Source:
Integrated Pest Management in Rice-Vegetable Cropping Systems.
Maligaya, Science City of Muñoz, Nueva Ecija. PhilRice. 2007

Reviewed by:

Salvacion Santiago

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