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Gen Math

The document discusses functions and their graphs. It covers representing real-life situations using functions, including piecewise functions. It defines what a function is and discusses key characteristics of functions. Examples of functions are provided. It also discusses evaluating functions by substituting values into the function and simplifying. Finally, it covers adding and subtracting functions by taking the sum or difference of their components.

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Hershell Conta
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790 views8 pages

Gen Math

The document discusses functions and their graphs. It covers representing real-life situations using functions, including piecewise functions. It defines what a function is and discusses key characteristics of functions. Examples of functions are provided. It also discusses evaluating functions by substituting values into the function and simplifying. Finally, it covers adding and subtracting functions by taking the sum or difference of their components.

Uploaded by

Hershell Conta
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lesson 1

Functions and Their Graphs, General Mathematics


Functions

Objective
At the end of this lesson, you should be able to represent real-life situations using functions, including piecewise
functions.

Given a table of values of x and y, how would you express the rule to describe the correspondence between the two
variables?

Learn about It!


Some rules of correspondence involving two related quantities can be shown in everyday situations. Such a rule of
correspondence is called a function. A function fis a rule of correspondence from the elements of a set X to the
elements of another set Y.

The variable x in set X is the independent variable, while the variable y in set Y is the dependent variable.

In the table above, every value of x corresponds to a unique value of y. Since y is the dependent variable,
then y can be expressed as a function of x, which in this example is y=4x+1 or f(x)=4x+1.

The following characteristics are true for a function:

1. Each element in set X must be matched with an element of set Y.


2. Some elements in set Y may not be matched with any element in set X.
3. Two or more elements of set X may be matched with the same elements of set Y.
4. An element in set X cannot be matched with two different elements in set Y.

Examples
In the examples below, notice that for every SSS member, there is only one number. Likewise, for every student,
there is only one teacher. These relationships represent functions.

Explore
Elaine is paying ₱799 for an internet service with 3 GB monthly data and a connection fee of ₱20 per hour in excess
of the data. Represent her monthly bill as a function of connection time.

Let x be the total number of hours in a month that Elaine uses the internet in excess of the 3 GB monthly data
and f(x) be Elaine’s monthly bill.

The bill has two parts: the one-time fee of ₱799 and the hourly charge of ₱20. The total monthly bill is the one-time
fee plus the charge per hour times the number of hours.

The function is f(x)=799+20x.


Try It!
A courier company charges ₱100 per package weighing 2 kg or less. They charge ₱15 for each additional kilogram
or fraction of a kilogram up to 5 kg. Write a piecewise function that gives the cost C for shipping a package
weighing k kilograms.

Try It! Solution


The given problem involved certain pieces of input use of one formula to figure the output; other pieces use another.
It shows a sequence of interval. It is called a piecewise function. The function consists of a set of different intervals
of x to define y. Thus, the function that gives the cost C of a package is as follows:

What Do You Think?


Vincent works in a factory of eyeglasses. He is paid ₱20 per eyeglass for the first 10 eyeglasses, ₱50 for the next
ten eyeglasses, and ₱75 for each set of 10 eyeglasses in excess of 20. Write a piecewise function G(x) that
represents Vincent's earnings.

Key Points
 A function is a rule of correspondence from the elements of one set X to the elements of another set Y.
 A piecewise function consists of a set of different intervals of x with the value of y.
LESSON 2

Functions and Their Graphs, General Mathematics


Evaluating Functions

Objective
At the end of this lesson, you should be able to evaluate a function.

Before you proceed with this lesson, you should be able to recall the order of operations.

Example:

4(2−3)2−8÷2×3+1

Grouping Symbols

4(−1)2−8÷2×3+1

Exponents

4(1)−8÷2×3+1

Multiplication and Division (whichever comes first)

4−8÷2×3+1

4−4×3+1

4−12+1

Addition and Subtraction (whichever comes first)

−8+1
−7

Learn about It!


Evaluate the function f(m)=2m2−3m+2 when m=−1.

How to Do
Step 1: Write the original function.

f(m)=2m2−3m+2

Step 2: Substitute the given value to the variable.

f(−1)=2(−1)2−3(−1)+2

Step 3: Simplify by applying the order of operations.

f(−1)=2(1)+3+2
f(−1)=2+3+2

f(−1)=7

Try It!
Evaluate f(x) when (a) x=0, (b) x=4, and (c) x=2.

Try It! Solution


a. Since 0<2, use the first function. f(4)=5

f(x)=x+2 c. Since 2=2, use the second function.

f(0)=0+2 f(x)=2x2−5

f(0)=2 f(2)=2(2)2−5

b. Since 4>2, use the third function. f(2)=2(4)−5

f(x)=x+1 f(2)=8−5

f(4)=4+1 f(2)=3

What Do You Think?


Consider the function f(x)=−2x2−3x+4. Evaluate the given function when x=2x−3.

Key Points
To evaluate a function, follow these steps:

Step 1: Write the original function.

Step 2: Substitute the given value to the variable.

Step 3: Simplify by applying the order of operations.


Lesson 3

Functions and Their Graphs, General Mathematics


Addition and Subtraction of Functions

 Lesson5 chapters
 Questions

Objectives
At the end of this lesson, you should be able to:

 perform addition and subtraction of functions


 solve problems involving addition and subtraction of functions

Before you proceed with this lesson, you should be able to recall addition and subtraction of like and unlike terms.

 In adding and subtracting like terms, add or subtract the numerical coefficients of the given terms following
the rules on adding and subtracting integers, then copy the literal coefficient.

Examples:

To add 5x and 8x:


5x+8x=(5+8)x=13x

To subtract 5x and 8x:


5x−8x=(5−8)x=−3x

 You cannot add or subtract unlike terms.

Examples:

5x+5x2 and 3x2−5x

Learn about It!


Given the functions f(x)=4x2+3x+2 and g(x)=7x2−5x−1, find (f+g)(x) and (f−g)(x).

 Addition of Functions
Given two functions f(x) and g(x), their sum, denoted by (f+g)(x), is the function defined by (f+g)(x)=f(x)+g(x).
 Subtraction of Functions
Given two functions f(x) and g(x), their sum, denoted by (f−g)(x), is the function defined by (f−g)(x)=f(x)−g(x).

Note: We enclose f+g and f−g with () to show that they both work on x.

How to Do
Step 1: Identify the formula needed to solve the problem.

Step 2: Substitute the given functions to the formula.

Step 3: Simplify.
Addition of Functions

(f+g)(x)=f(x)+g(x)

(f+g)(x)=(4x2+3x+2)+(7x2−5x−1)

(f+g)(x)=4x2+7x2+3x−5x+2−1

(f+g)(x)=11x2−2x+1

Subtraction of Functions

(f−g)(x)=f(x)−g(x)

(f−g)(x)=(4x2+3x+2)−(7x2−5x−1)

(f−g)(x)=4x2+3x+2−7x2+5x+1

(f−g)(x)=4x2−7x2+3x+5x+2+1

(f−g)(x)=−3x2+8x+3

Try It!
Bencil is making a cabinet. He bought a slab of wood that is f(x)=(9x2−3x+2) feet long. What is the length of the
wood after g(x)=(2x2+5x−4) feet have been cut off?

Try It! Solution


Step 1: Identify what is asked.

the length of the wood after g(x)=(2x2+5x−4) feet have been cut off

Step 2: List the given information.

original length: f(x)=(9x2−3x+2)feet

part that was cut off: g(x)=(2x2+5x−4)feet

Step 3: Identify the formula needed to solve the problem.

(f−g)(x)=f(x)−g(x)

Step 4: Substitute the given functions to the formula.

(f−g)(x)=(9x2−3x+2)−(2x2+5x−4)

Step 5: Solve.

(f−g)(x)=(9x2−3x+2)−(2x2+5x−4)

(f−g)(x)=9x2−3x+2−2x2−5x+4

(f−g)(x)=9x2−2x2−3x−5x+2+4
(f−g)(x)=7x2−8x+6

Therefore, the length of the wood left is (7x2−8x+6) feet.

Tips
 In finding the difference of two functions, keep in mind that the signs of the terms of the second function will
be changed after removing the parenthesis.
 The order in which fractions are subtracted is important. Thus, f(x)−g(x) is not the same
as g(x)−f(x) if f(x)≠g(x).

Key Points
 The sum of two functions f(x) and g(x) is defined by (f+g)(x)=f(x)+g(x).
 The difference of two functions f(x) and g(x) is defined by (f−g)(x)=f(x)−g(x).

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