CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

The Philippines is known for being one of the countries in the world vulnerable for

disasters. The presence of different hazards in the country threatens the lives of every Filipino,

mainly on the economic activity as well as its development. Vergano (2013) from National

Geographic listed five reasons as to why the country is prone to disaster; (1) Warm Ocean

Waters, a typhoon needs 28 degree Celsius in order to be formed and according to an

atmospheric scientist Colin Price as cited by Vergano, the water in the western pacific where

Philippines is located usually has above 28 degrees Celsius temperature; (2) Coastal Homes,

most of the people in the country live beside bodies of water specifically near coastal zones

which causes to be vulnerable in waves which usually affect the low-lying part of land; (3)

Deforestation, the decreasing number of trees which help to hold the soil in mountainous areas in

the country results in mudslide and landslide especially after the typhoons; (4) Ring of Fire,

because Philippines is positioned on the Pacific’s earthquake and volcano ring of fire,

earthquake and risk in volcano’s eruption are always present. Lastly, (5) Underdevelopment,

poverty, rapid urbanization and increase in population causes the unplanned settlements which is

the one of the main reasons for the country’s vulnerability and being not resilient.

Metro Manila is considered to be one of the cities vulnerable to floods especially during

rainy season. Lowland cities together with those that are near in bodies of water are usually

affected by flooding and one of these is Pasig City.

This study will focus on the resiliency of Pasig City taking considerations with the six

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characteristics of a resilient community such as being knowledgeable and healthy, being

organized, connectedness with other communities, having an available and accessible

infrastructure and services, economic opportunities and knowledge in managing one’s resources.

Pasig City is one of the sixteen cities in National Capital Region known for its river. It has 30

barangays namely Bagong Ilog, Bagong Katipunan, Bambang, Buting, Caniogan, Kalawaan,

Kapasigan, Kapitolyo, Malinao, Oranbo, Palatiw, Pineda, Sagad, San Antonio, San Joaquin, San

Jose, San Nicolas, Sta. Cruz, Sta. Rosa, Sto. Tomas, Sumilang, Ugong, Dela Paz, Manggahan,

Maybunga, Pinagbuhatan, Rosario, San Miguel, Santolan,Sta. Lucia. It has a land area of 31-

kilometer square and considered to be highly urbanized city. The word Pasig from a Sanskrit

term which means “ a river flowing form one body of water to another” because of its river that

connects Laguna de bay and Manila bay.

Statement of the Problem

This study aims to answer the question “ Is Pasig City a resilient community?” and to

answer the specific questions:

1. Is Pasig City a knowledgeable and healthy community?

2. Is Pasig City an organized community?

3. Is Pasig City connected to other communities?

4. Does Pasig City have infrastructures and services available and accessible to the people?

5. Does Pasig City have economic opportunities for its people?

6. Does Pasig City know how to manage its natural resources?

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Objectives of the Study

This study aims to determine the resiliency of Pasig City, specifically:

1.To characterize Pasig City;

2.To discuss the characteristics of a resilient Pasig City based on the following:

a. Knowledgeable and Healthy

b. Organized

c. Connected

d. Infrastructures and Services

e. Economic Opportunities

f. Manage Its Natural Resources; and

3.To formulate recommendations to make Pasig City a more resilient community

Significance of the Study

This study will assess the resiliency of the city and how the local government unit and the

community could be able to adapt and resolve its negative impacts, through reviewing their files

and experiences it will help the audience of this paper to also mechanize in order to be resilient

in disaster. Also, this paper will help the municipal in order to know what is needed to be resolve

in the area and the possible courses of action needed to be done to provide quality of life to the

people. To the people in the community, this study will help them to know what possible actions

they can do before, during and after a disaster. Through the assessment of the city’s resiliency

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characteristics, the LGU as well as the people will know their strengths and in what aspect they

need to resolve.

Scope and Limitations

This study will only focus on the resiliency of Pasig City and will be limited on the

secondary data collated from city’s website, data from the city hall and primary data from the

interviews conducted on the citizens in selected barangay and officials in selected departments.

This study will cover the municipality’s profile, disaster risk reduction management background,

awareness and mechanism process before, during and after the disaster. The study will also

discuss the physical and social environment of the city and how the local government unit and

community preserve, conserve and protect. The study will also discuss the different disasters

that affect the city and how the people overcame its negative effects but only limited on the date

2000 to present.

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 CHAPTER 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

According to Newman and Matan (2013), the Pasig River was once a major

transportation pathway since it connects the city of Manila and Laguna. As time passes by the

Pasig River deteriorate due to the industrialization and growing population of the city. The

industrialization causes harm in the river because the liquid waste of the factories are being

thrown in the river which has a harmful chemicals. The informal settlers also increase the

garbage in the river since they live in the side of the river and some of their wastes are just

being thrown at the river. The present condition of the Pasig River is not the same as the past

since the water can be dangerous and the smell of it flew the visitor away. It is said that Pasig

River was dead in 1990 due to the different waste it is composed that can be hazardous to the

health.

According to Fujikura and Kawanishi (2012), the excess flood run off overflows in the

Pasig and Marikina River. The flood runoff is being released in the Pasig River coming from

Laguna de Bay through the Napindan Hydraulic Control Structure (NHCS). It was made so that

the water will not overflow causing severe flooding. Another project was made to control the

water and that is made by JICA, which is Pasig Marikina River Channel Improvement Project

that is a 30 years return.

According to Jha, Bloch and Lamond (2012), the typhoon Ondoy and typhoon Pepeng

greatly affected the cities in Manila during 2009 due to the severe flooding it has made. The

typhoon made the government to think of a way in order to stop the flooding which causes to

take away hundreds of lives. As of September 2010, the “Estero Declaration” was signed to

make the water systems in manila clean, to protect the degrading environment and to stop the

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flooding being experienced by the citizens. They made this declaration possible by making an

anti-littering campaign in esteros since the garbage clogged the waterways causing flood. The

government also relocates the informal settlers living in the esteros in order to make the people

safe and also to reduce the litter in the esteros.

According to Parker, D. (2000), there is always a possibility of flash flood due to the

overflow of Pasig River. It is said that if the Pasig River is high tide, there is tendency of having

a three to five hours of flood. The barangay officials know the places that are at risk of the

flooding does they monitor the water level. There is early warning system that is available to

make the people aware of that it is already dangerous for them to stay in their houses. They

would be put in the evacuation areas in order to become safe.

According to Shaw and Sharma (2011), some parts of the city are experiencing flood

due to over flow of the Pasig River during the rainy season. In order to make the people safe

specifically the people living in the flood prone area, there is a constant monitoring of the water

level being done by the government. There is early warning systems that will make a sound

when it is already dangerous to stay near the river and the government goes house to house to

convince the people to live their house.

According to Asian Development Bank (2016), rehabilitation is needed in the Pasig River

in order to restore its beauty and also to have a safe environment for the citizen. One of the

rehabilitation actions being done is the Estero de Paco. It is connected to the Paco market were

most of there waste is being thrown to the river. There are also informal settlers living in the side

of the river causing additional waste in the river. A community solid waste management is being

done so that the waste will no long enter the river way. The recovery facilities are around metro

manila in order to gather the solid waste and treat it.

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 According to Ferrer (2009), the government in Pasig city is making sure for the health of

their citizens by having a vast number of projects in health care services like dental check-up,

family planning seminars, tuberculosis project, child and maternal health programs and

vaccination for senior citizen. The official in Pasig City has all in support to projects that would

benefit the people specifically their health and also the environment. They are putting all of their

efforts to make Pasig City a clean and healthy community.

According to Perfecto (2011), the City government of Pasig gives livelihood to the

people in resettlement areas located in Pinagbuhatan, which is one of the factors that affect the

resiliency of the community. The government is giving an extensive six months livelihood

seminar about water lily. They were thought on how to make hand woven basket out of water

lily, since water lily is abundant in Pasig River. It is said that the hand woven basket can be made

in an hour and can be sold for 50 pesos. This water lily business not just benefit the citizens but

also the environment since they are cleaning up Pasig River and also they promote the use of eco

friendly basket made of water lily.

According to Lozada (2014), Pasig is known to be an urbanized city that is already

prepared in disaster which was due to the typhoon Ondoy that made them realized that they must

prioritized preparedness and mitigation. Pasig city experience many natural disasters since it is

near the three major waterways namely the Pasig River, Marikina River and Manggahan

waterway that causes flooding in the city. Pasig city is also prone by man-made disaster like fire

accidents, downing accidents, and vehicular accidents. Even though the city experiences a vast

number of natural and made disasters, it is still said that Pasig can respond to any catastrophe it

will face. Pasig city allotted 5% of the budget in disaster preparedness operation since they

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prioritized preparedness and mitigation resulting to zero casualty in Pasig city. The city has made

hazard maps and was distributed to the citizens so that they would know if they are living in the

disaster prone area. The city has upgraded their facilities from disaster response and hazard

monitoring. They have build a City Command Center (C3) where they can monitor from their

technology the flood, crime and rescue needs then they will call the ground responder. They have

installed 220 CCTV and a weather indicator around their city for the monitoring in C3. With

these, they could monitor the places from less developed barangay to a more developed

barangays. They also facilitate the training for the community level so that the citizen will be

prepared in any disaster that strike their community. They always conduct drills and seminar in

disaster preparedness in order to learn the skill and information needed to survive any disaster.

With all the programs and actions being made by the government of Pasig, they are already

known as a disaster prepared community.

According to NHA (2012), the families in Manggahan floodway have been relocated to

Sitio-Daong, Tanay Rizal. The local government of Pasig provides road/pathways, Material

Recovery Facility (MRF), Health and Day care center, livelihood center and education facilities.

There are 1800 families affected by the clearing of Manggahan floodway since it is dangerous to

live in that area. As of now, there are only 392 families being relocated thus more efforts are

needed to persuade the citizen in Pasig that living in Manggahan floodway is dangerous.

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CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

Fig.1.2. Actors needed to have the six characteristics of a safe and resilient community

This framework shows the problem of the city on being a disaster prone area and its

vulnerability to flood and other environmental factors such as pollution brought by urbanization.

In this framework, the local government unit and the community serves as the actor who

influence and who are being affected with the six characteristics such as being knowledgeable,

organized, connected, infrastructure and services, economic opportunities and manage its natural

resources which when this characteristics are possessed by the city will lead to a safe and

resilient community.

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 CHAPTER 3

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Locale

Fig.2.1. The map of Pasig City

Pasig City is approximately 12 kilometers where Quezon City and Marikina City are

found in its north, Mandaluyong City (West); Makati City, Pateros and Taguig (South) and lastly

Cainta and Taytay (Province of Rizal) in East. From Municipality of Pasig, it was now known to

be a Highly Urbanized City according to Republic Act 7829 which was passed in Congress on

July 26,1994 and ratified on January 21, 1995.

Pasig City has a land area of 34.32 sq. km and ranks 4th in terms of population size and

highest income earning in Metro Manila. It has a population of 669,773 according to 2010

census where 375, 954 are male and 395,234 are female. The total household number in the city

is 154, 970.

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Data Collection

Letter of permission was sent to the Municipal Hall of Pasig City for the approval of

conducting an interview with people living in the community and collating necessary secondary

data in different departments. On the first day of the approval of letter, secondary data were

collected in different department such as the socio-demographic information of the city and

Comprehensive Land Use Plan from the City Planning and Development Office, Disaster Risk

Reduction Management Plan from the Disaster Risk Reduction Management Office; Projects

regarding the management of Environmental Resources in Community Environment and Natural

Resources Office, Infrastructure and Establishments in the City recorded by Business Permit and

License Office; Kind of services provided by the city and management organization of officials

which found in the profile and other necessary data useful to our study.

Primary data were gathered by having a key informant interview with selected people

living in different barangays in the city as well as asking questions with those staffs inside the

different departments in the municipal office. Observation using transect walk was done in order

to accumulate data like describing the location of the resources, vegetation, topography, how

land was use (i.e. infrastructure, establishments, residential, etc.), threats and opportunities which

can be observe while walking along the city as well as the problems from the people who were

asked during the walk.

Statistical Analysis

Most of the gathered data were qualitative and mostly from perceived and observed data

coming from the experiences and knowledge of the interviewed people and secondary data

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collected from different sources. Thus analysis about the resiliency of the city will be based from

these data.

In order to see whether the city possessed the six characteristics of a safe and resilient

community, the observed information from transect walk, knowledge from the key informant

interview and information from secondary data will be utilized and will be interpreted. The

analyzed and interpreted data will then look at whether the city is a resilient community from the

disaster risk and vulnerability of other external factors that might negatively affect the people

living in the city and its environment.

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 CHAPTER 4

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Pasig city may be prone to a vast number of natural and man made disaster but the city

government has made their duties and obligation to make Pasig city a resilient community. The

six characteristics of a safe and resilient community namely being knowledgeable and healthy,

being organized, connectedness with other communities, having an available and accessible

infrastructure and services, economic opportunities and knowledge in managing one’s resources

was the basis in knowing if the community is really resilient. Before, Pasig city was not focused

in disaster preparedness and mitigation until they experienced Typhoon Ondoy, which made a lot

of destroyed infrastructures and high number of death. Today, Pasig is already a resilient

community due to the improvement in preparedness and mitigation they have made.

Characteristics of Pasig City

Pasig city is in the eastern bound of Metro Manila that has an area of 3,432 hectares and

has 30 barangays. It ranked 8th in terms of the land area in Metro Manila. It has acquired its city

hood status on December 1994 by Republic Act 7829 since it was a highly urbanized city.

Pasig City has a land that is characterized as flat to wavy (0 to 5%) surface. Barangay

Ilog, Pineda, Kapitolyo and Oranbo are the places in Pasig that has no slope but the rest of the

barangay in Pasig City has 0 to 2% slope. Pasig City has an elevation of 1 meter below the sea

level but there is a case in which the drainage system is blow the sea level thus there is a back

flow in the Poblacion during heavy rain. The important resources in Pasig are the freshwater

resources since the livelihood and transportation in Pasig engages in the water. There are two

bodies of water that surround Pasig City, which is Pasig River and Marikina River. These water

bodies become polluted due to the industrial and solid waste being thrown in the river. This is

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one of the causes of flooding in the barangays of Pasig City. The climate type in Pasig City is

categorized as Type III, which means that there is no dry season since rainy season is always

being experienced from December to February or March to May.

Pasig City has a total population of 755, 300 as of the 2015 census. Its growth rate is

2.86% annually but it is said that the growth rate will doubled in the year 2034. With this

population, they have been rank 4th in the NCR. The increase in population is in Pasig City is due

to the natural increase (83%) and migration to Pasig (17%). Barangay Pinagbuhatan has the

highest population in Pasig since it has the largest area. The sex ratio in Pasig city is 95 males for

every 100 females, which is still the same from the year 1995. It is said that there are more

educated female than male in Pasig City and they are dominant in all levels of education.

Majority of the people in Pasig are Tagalog that has a percentage of 74.9 percent. There was an

increase each year in the number of households in Pasig but there is an average of 4 members in

a household. The population density in Pasig is 195 person per hectare. The three most dense

barangay in Pasig City are Brgy. Santa Tomas (1,054 person per hectare), Sagad (857 person per

hectare), Palatiw (826 person per hectare).

In terms of the labor force in Pasig, most of the working population is male which is

64.1% and there is a 64.1 % for the females that do not have jobs. There are also OFW that has a

percentage of 5.71%, which is 3.97% are males and 1.74% are females.

Knowledgeable and healthy

The typhoon Ondoy caused a big impact to Pasig causing them to take action and

improve their system. The city of Pasig has built C3 in order to monitor the whole Pasig from the

less developed to the more developed barangays. They can monitor what is happening in the city

by installing the 220 CCTVs and weather indicator instrument. They are giving updates to the

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citizens by social media like Facebook and twitter or by calling the ground respondent and

disseminate the information. The government has also made a hazard maps in order to

disseminate to the officials in barangay of the critical area. These would make them more

prepared to the future and upcoming disaster in the community. The government of Pasig not just

focuses on the monitoring of disaster but also in educating the citizen like having drills and

seminars for the citizen in the community. The government and community level participation is

important in making the zero causality possible in the city of Pasig.

Organized

The city of Pasig identify their problems and make it possible to solve it; like their

problem that each barangay has different resources and level of capacity thus they make a

solution of clustering system in which nearby barangay would help one another when needed and

a clarification of role and function of barangay officials in each barangay.

With the scenario that happened during typhoon Ondoy, these causes Pasig city to

established prioritization in preparation and mitigation. They have funded 5% for the disaster

preparedness in order to ensure the safety of the citizens. As of 2013, the government spends 233

million for the monitoring facilities and programs being made and 163 million for the mitigation

expenses. They also established actions like having seminar and drills to the community so that

the citizen would be informed in any disaster that will strike the community.

Connected

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 The government of Pasig has a vast number of external actors that help them in the

resources they need. The relocation site for People living in Manggahan floodway was possible

due to the help of NHA (National Housing Authority), and Tanay local government unit. They

are the ones that provide the space/ lot in which the houses would be built. The city government

already shouldered the houses, road/pathways, Material Recovery Facility (MRF), Health and

Day care center, livelihood center and education facilities since there is an allocated fund for this

project.

In terms of relief goods, there are many private organizations helping in giving resources

needed by the citizens. One organization is the Villar foundation that helps in repacking relief

goods that will be distributed in barangay Kalawaan and Pinagbuhatan, Pasig city. Another

organization that help during typhoon Ondoy is SM Prime holdings and SM supermarket in

which they distribute food packs to the citizens since they want to reach out as many victims of

typhoon as possible.

Infrastructure and Services

There are many infrastructures that can be found in the city which are constructed many

years ago and some are being built to function for the welfare of the people living in the city.

Some of the landmarks that you will find in Pasig City are; City Hall, an eight storey building

where local officials and different municipal department are found. All transactions in the city

are conducted inside the hall like paying taxes, applying for permits and others. Another is the

Immaculate Concepcion Church, it is the oldest church constructed in 1975 and managed to

survive from different earthquake intensities and revolution against foreign invaders. This church

represents the religious beliefs of most of the people living in the city because most of their

16
spiritual activities are done here like celebrating Christmas, holy week and others. Concepcion

Mansion is also one of the infrastructure that the city is proud of which is also known as “ The

Museum”, it houses all the historical and art treasures of the city and serves as one of the most

historical place because it serves as the Japanese headquarters during their occupation in the

country. When it comes to education, the city holds the record of the largest public high school

in the world namely Rizal High School, currently, this school is one of the leading high school in

the city in terms of academics and sports. There are also hospitals in the city such as Pasig

General Hospital and Rizal Medical Center which is one of the largest public hospitals of Metro

Manila. When it comes to entertainment, there is a sport and theater arena also known as Ultra

which serves as the recreational arena in the locale where events such as basketball games,

musical concerts or sport events happens. Also one of the places that should be present in one

city is a market for the accessibility and availability of the necessities of the people, the city

constructed a three-storey public market named as “ Mutya ng Pasig” where the first floor

consists of different stalls for food (e.g fish, meat, vegetables, carinderias, etc), in the second

floor, there are stores for garments and other clothing materials plus a parking building for those

who brought cars then lastly the third floor which is only open during Friday night also known as

“ night market” where products are sold in much cheaper prices.

Aside from these infrastructures which serves as a landmarks whenever you visit Pasig

City, the locale has much infrastructure and services to offer. In education, most of the barangays

has public and private elementary and high school aside from day care center which is required

to have in each barangays. The city also offers tertiary education to its people by offering

discount when a student study in Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Pasig that is much cheaper compare

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to the other schools. For Health Services, the city has Pasig City Children’s Hospital that offers

again discount when you live in Pasig together with Pasig City General Hospital. Usually

discount are offered when a person has a blue or yellow card as a proof that he or she is a

Pasiguenos (a term use to refer for people living in Pasig). The city also has centers namely

Bahay Aruga that accommodates those who are abandoned especially the elderly, CHAMP

building or the Center for Dialysis, Healthy Lifestyle, Ambulatory Surgery, Maternity Clinic and

New Born Care of Pasig City building that helps Pasiguenos in availing check-ups and medicine

needed to cure or prevent the illness and to manage properly the pregnancy.

Pasig City also believes that the people is its own capital which is why there are many

centers constructed that offers different services for every people. Gender and Development

Wellness Center where a person could be able to consult relating to different issues about gender

and human development, there is also a livelihood center which offers free vocational training

for Pasiguenos who wanted to have their own business or enter into a labor work. There is also a

youth development center where youth can apply to learn sports or music and arts and library

and learning center located in one of the biggest elementary school on Pasig.

The municipality also assures the peace and order in the city together with its safety and

preparedness to different hazards and disaster. In relation to this, infrastructures such as police

headquarters and barangay precinct were constructed to maintain a safe community and Rescue

Emergency Disaster that offers materials needed for rescue operation (e.g boats, vehicles),

trainings (i.e first aid, drills), rescue team and emergency system response. Trained personnel

were hired in order to make sure that disaster operations are done properly and with assurance of

safety.

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 The municipality also makes sure that it suffice the needs of the people specifically the

major needs such as place to live in, education and leisure. Local government constructs medium

rise housing where people could be able to lease or buy a house in a cheaper price and without

interest. People who were affected by flood or fire usually are the priorities in this housing

projects so that they could easily recover from the negative effect of these disasters. Public

school building in each barangay were also given prioritization to offer free education to its

youth yet providing quality education that is also global competitive and very accessible . Multi-

purpose hall and barangay halls were also constructed in each barangay for different activities or

meetings needed to further improve or meet the needs and wants of the people given that it is for

the benefit of all.

Rio de Pasig, Children’s Playground, Central Park and the Rainforest Adventure

Experience (RAVE) were also constructed and improved aesthetically to meet the demand of the

people in terms of fun and enjoyment. RAVE has different features that could grab the interest of

any people because it is devoted for sports, recreational and educational activities and water park

adventures. It offers relaxation, enjoyment and fun to the Pasiguenos where they may no longer

go to other town for vacation but might as well try what Rave can offer.

Economic Opportunities

Pasig City is considered to be a highly urbanized city by which we could consider based

on the secondary data and information from transect walk that agriculture, fishing and forestry

are non-existent or have a very low production or not significant if ever the locale has.

Commonly, economic opportunities lies in commercial establishments present in the city mainly

banks, merchandise and other retail services. Ortigas Commercial Center which is considered to

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be the Central Business District of the City offers different types of jobs for the people not only

in Pasig but to other Manila based places varying from blue collar to white collar jobs. Different

companies and businesses offers employment to the people and also provides services, products

and investments that helps to boost the economy of the city. Not only the CBD offers

employment but also the Pasig Public Market which promotes entrepreneurship by allowing

vendors of different products to rent stalls or area in a cheaper price.

According to Pasig Profile 2015, some of the top business establishments in the city are

First Gas Power Corporation, San Miguel Corporation, Jollibee Foods Corporation, Suzuki

Philippines, Inc. FGP Corporations and others. The existence of these companies helps to

provide not only employment but also investment to the city that will help for economic success.

Local Government units also offers employment to its people especially those who are

not technically trained with skills needed for commercial and industrial labor force. Like for

example, according to the 2015 data of Pasig, 2,088 youth were hired for Special Program for

Employment of Students (SPES), 738 people for Government Internship Program (GIP) and

5422 Pasiguenos for TUPAD or Tulong Panghanap-buhay Para sa Ating Disadvantaged. These

are just some of the job opportunities given by the LGU in order to enhance the quality of life of

the people especially giving priority to the most disadvantaged in its society.

Manage its Natural Resources

There are many ways on how the municipality manage its resources. The local

government have been releasing different strategies in order to keep the city’s vision of green

city and conserve and protect its natural resources.

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 One strategy involves having a business permit before actually operating a business or

establishments. In order to protect the water, land and air resources from the possible hazards

brought by building establishments; an Environmental Permit to Operate will be given to those

companies who wish to run business in the city. This permit will ensure that the operating

management system of these establishment will not negatively affect or degrade the

environment.

To achieve the goal of being the green city in Manila, a project of creating and

mobilizing green police were done in the locale and as of 2015, 240 green police volunteers are

trained where they serve as environmental guards and make sure that residents are also actively

participating in projects relating to environmental protection in exchange of meal and clothing

allowance from the government. (Pasig Profile, 2015)

To address the problem of pollution, the city created an integrated and holistic

environment management program that will create and implement programs that could resolve

this problem (Pasig Profile, 2015). By doing this, although there is a rapid urbanization and

industrialization that is happening in the city, they could still minimize its negative effect in the

environment.

One of the leading needs of the people in the city is an efficient and stress-free

transportation. Although this is the case, the government wants to provide an eco-friendly

vehicle where people can still be accommodated. An electric tricycle initiatives were release last

2015 simultaneously with the release of E-Jeepney in Ortigas to address the problem of air

pollution and reduces the impacts of vehicles in producing carbon dioxide and noise pollution.

The city also wants to train children on how their actions could affect the environment. A

project called Greenheart Saver’s Project “ Recycling Collection for Education” promotes

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recycling materials by selling it in schools. Students are encourage to store recyclable materials

and sell it in school for cash incentives or awards.

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