INTRODUCTION:

in this section we have a look on Fuzzy logic,Fuzzy graph,Fuzzy Relation.

Fuzzy Set:

As a superset of a crisp set, owes its origin to the work of Zadeh [1] in 1965 that has been
introduced to deal with the notion of partial truth between absolute true and absolute false.

Zadeh's remarkable idea has found many applications in several fields, including chemical industry,
telecommunication, decision making, networking, computer science, and discrete mathematics.
Rosenfeld [2] used the concept of a fuzzy subset of a set to introduce the notion of a fuzzy subgroup of a
group. Rosenfeld's paper spearheaded the development of fuzzy abstract algebra

Graph theory is a very important tool to represent many real world problems. Nowadays, graphs do
not represent all the systems properly due to the uncertainty or haziness of the parameters of systems.
For example, a social network may be represented as a graph where vertices represent accounts
(persons, institutions, etc.) and edges represent the relation between the accounts. If the relations
among accounts are to be measured as good or bad according to the frequency of contacts among the
accounts, fuzzyness should be added to representation. This and many other problems motivated to
define fuzzy graphs. Rosenfeld [3] first introduced the concept of fuzzy graphs. After that fuzzy graph
theory becomes a vast research area. Applications of fuzzy graph include data mining, image
segmentation, clustering, image capturing, networking, communication, planning, scheduling, etc. Crisp
graph and fuzzy graph both are structurally similar. But when there is an uncertainty on vertices and/or
edges then fuzzy graph has a separate importance. Since the world is full of uncertainty so the fuzzy
graph occurs in many real life situations. Fuzzy graph theory is advanced with large number of branches.
Bhutani and Battou have worked on M-strong fuzzy graphs [4]. Bhutani and Rosenfeld have worked on
strong arcs in fuzzy graphs . Mathew and Sunitha have classifies the types of arcs in fuzzy graphs and
investigated their properties [5]. Koczy have used the fuzzy graphs in evaluation and optimization of
networks [6].

Fuzzy tolerance graphs have been introduced by Samanta and Pal in [7]. Also, they have introduced so
many variations of fuzzy graphs such as, fuzzy threshold graphs [8], bipolar fuzzy hypergraphs [9],
irregular bipolar fuzzy graphs [10]. Samanta et al. have presented some more results on bipolar fuzzy
sets and bipolar fuzzy intersection graphs [11]. They also presents a new approach to social networks
based on fuzzy graphs in [12].

. In this presentation, an introduction of fuzzy graph is given. Let G = (V,E) be a graph which consists of
non-empty finite set V of elements called vertices and a finite set E of ordered pairs of distinct vertices
called edges. A fuzzy set A on a set X is characterized by a mapping m : X → [0,1], which is called the
membership function. A fuzzy set is denoted by A = (X,m). A fuzzy graph [16] ξ = (V,σ,µ) is an algebraic
structure of non-empty set V together with a pair of functions σ : V → [0,1] and µ : V ×V → [0,1] such
that for all x,y ∈ V , µ(x,y) ≤ σ(x)∧σ(y) and µ is a symmetric fuzzy relation on σ. Here σ(x) and µ(x,y)
represent the membership values of the vertex x and of the edge (x,y) in ξ respectively. The fuzzy graph
ξ1 = (V,σ1,µ1) is called a fuzzy subgraph of ξ = (V,σ,µ) if σ1(x) ≤ σ(x) for all x and µ1(x,y) ≤ µ(x,y) for all
edges (x,y),x,y ∈ V . Fuzziness occurs in a fuzzy graph in many different ways, some of them are listed
below:

Type I: crisp vertex set and fuzzy edge set

Type II: crisp vertices and edges with fuzzy connectivity

Type III: crisp graph with fuzzy weights

Type IV: fuzzy set of crisp graphs.

Definition 1.1.1 :[13] A fuzzy set of a base set (or reference set) V is specified by its membership
function σ, where σ : V → [0,1] assigning to each u ∈ V the degree or grade to which u belongs to σ.

1.2. FUZZY SETS AND FUZZY SET OPERATORS

Other than ordinary sets, fuzzy sets allow the partial membership of their elements, the degree of
membership being expressed on a continuous scale from 0 to 1. [0, 1] is called the valuation set of σ.
Other valuation sets are also possible; the unit interval is the one introduced by Zadeh and is still the
most common. The reference set V may be finite or infinite, but we restrict to only finite sets.Clearly,
the membership function of a fuzzy set σ of V , called fuzzy set σ for short, is a generalization of the
characteristic function of ordinary sets, which has a binary valuation set {0,1}. It is therefore legitimate
to regard fuzzy sets as generalizations of ordinary sets.

REFRENCES;
 1. Zadeh, L.A. Fuzzy sets. Inf. Control 1965, 8, 338--353. [CrossRef].

2.Rosenfeld, A. Fuzzy groups. J. Math. Anal. Appl. 1971, 35, 512--517. [CrossRef] .

3. A. Rosenfeld, Fuzzy graphs, in: L.A. Zadeh, K.S. Fu, M. Shimura (Eds.), Fuzzy Sets and Their
Applications, Academic Press, New York, 77-95, 1975.

4. K. R. Bhutani and A. Battou, On M-strong fuzzy graphs, Information Sciences, 155(12), 103-109,
2003.

5 S. Mathew and M.S. Sunitha, Types of arcs in a fuzzy graph, Information Sciences, 179, 1760-1768,
2009.

6 J. N. Mordeson and P. S. Nair, Fuzzy Graphs and Hypergraphs, Physica Verlag, 2000.

7.S. Samanta and M. Pal, Fuzzy tolerance graphs, International Journal of Latest Trends in
Mathematics, 1(2), 57-67, 2011.

8 .S. Samanta and M. Pal, Fuzzy threshold graphs, CIIT International Journal of Fuzzy Systems, 3(12),
360-364, 2011.

9. S. Samanta and M. Pal, Bipolar fuzzy hypergraphs, International Journal of Fuzzy Logic Systems,
2(1), 17-28, 2012.

10. S. Samanta and M. Pal, Irregular bipolar fuzzy graphs, Inernational Journal of Applications of Fuzzy
Sets, 2, 91-102, 2012

11. S. Samanta, M. Pal and A. Pal, Some more results on bipolar fuzzy sets and bipolar fuzzy
intersection graphs, to appear in The Journal of fuzzy mathematics.

12 .S. Samanta and M. Pal, A new approach to social networks based on fuzzy graphs, Journal of Mass
Communication and Journalism.

13.A First Look at FUZZY GRAPH THE0RY A.NAGOORGANI

Post Graduate & Research Department of Mathematics Jamal Mohamed College[Autonomous]