J sats Student’s Book with Pocket Book Keith Harding & Liz Taylor OXFORDWelcome to International Express Intermediate New Edition Introduction Language focus Wordpower Skills focus Focus on functions Review units Pocket Book Listening scripts and Answer key Workbook There are twelve units and three review units in this book. Each unit has four main parts: Language focus, Wordpower, Skills focus, and Focus on functions. ‘The unit begins with an ‘agenda’. This gives you the language contents of each unit. First, you learn new grammar, or revise grammar you studied before. You listen to a dialogue or read a text which presents the grammar in a real-life situation. Then you study examples of the grammar to understand how to use it correctly. You think about how the grammar works and you complete the rule Practice You use the grammar in different practice situations: sometimes in speaking activities, sometimes in writing exercises. The exercises help you to learn the new language and use it with confidence. You do some of the practice activities with another student or in a group. In the second part of the unit you learn new vocabulary. You also learn ways to organize and remember useful words and phrases. In the third part of each unit you improve your listening, speaking, and reading skills. You listen to interviews or read longer texts and you discuss topics in pairs or groups. You also practise writing. In the last part of each unit you learn the phrases you need for socializing with people at work or outside work. You also learn the phrases you need for telephoning in English Pronunciation These exercises help you with pronunciation problems. You listen to examples and practise the correct pronunciation. There are three review units. You choose what to revise and complete the review exercises, You can use the Pocket Book for the areas that you need to review again. In a pocket at the back of the International Express Student’s Book there is a separate reference book with useful language from the Student’s Book. You can use the Pocket Book in your lessons and take it with you when you travel. It has a Grammar section, with grammar tables and summaries for each unit; a Focus ‘on functions section, with a summary of all the phrases for socializing and telephoning; and other useful information and reference material. The scripts of all the listening material and the answers to the exercises are at the back of the Student's Book. You can study these after the lesson. There is an International Express Workbook which has extra exercises on grammar, vocabulary, and social English. It has a Student's Cassette or CD with more pronunciation and social English exercises for further practice. Good luck with learning English. ‘We hope you enjoy using International Express}Contents — ee eae ee p.6 © Tense review * Personal ‘© National branding Introductions and greetings Present Simple and Present information file © Welcoming a visitor ae « tesnag nabalay * Action and state verbs p.16 © Past Simple and Present» Work file * Company and job * Answering the phone Perfect Simple review * Dictionary skills (1) | profile + Making and changing, ‘+ used 10 + infinitive appointments * Subject and object : ‘+ Pronunciation: /s/,/2/, 18, questions at /0); saying dates .26 + Comparative and + Adjectives file ‘Past, present, and + Giving opinions superlative adjectives «Personal attitudes future languages _* Agrecing and disagreeing + Relative clauses and qualities + Participating in a meeting or diseussion + Pronunciation: sounding polite p36 + Present and past trends: * Food file * Ethical * Advice and suggestions Present Continuous, Past * Word groups consumerism + Pronunciation: // and /Aff Simple ‘+ Adjectives and adverbs Review Unit A pas CERcecmecicr ss p48» Passives: Present Simple, + Leisure and fitness * Fit to work ng recorded messages Present Continuous, activities file mobile phones Present Perfect Simple, + Word combinations * Pronunciation: stressing Past Simple, Will Fyture important information Pers Pre Simi eGennds tle PRCREWOREREIIEE + Requens and offers Continuous, © Personal, adults. » Exchanging information. Past Perfect management * Pronunciation: contrastiveLanguage focus Wordpower Focus on functions DECI Rocke) p68 * Modal verbs: * City descriptions * International * Giving talks and mustimustn'tineedn’t, file outsourcing presentations have tolneed to * British English and cena p78 — * Arrangements and '* Money and ‘*Hostinga major * Types of business intentions: Present fi we file event communication Continuous, be going to * Collocations * Texting + infinitive, will + * Pronunciation: sentence infinitive stress Review Unit B p23 Emre p90» Time clauses * Phrasal verbs file * Urban living + Writing emails * Expressing probability + Dictionary skills (2) * Istand 2nd Conditionals + Pronunciation: stress in phrasal verbs: p.100 — « Present Perfect Simple ‘+ Job descriptions file * Getting your * Describing a process and Present Perfect * Collocations ideal job * Interviewing techniques Continuous © Word-building ‘+ Time phrases '* Pronunciation: word stress p.110 © 3rd Conditional * Culture file © A tough choice '* Business correspondence * should have (done)! * Confusing words shouldn't have (done) * Dictionary skills (3) Pronunciation: weak forms, sentence stress PER Ecnorercan cd 120» Reporting spoken * Politics and current * News and views _* Social responses, language: statements, affairs file * Common expressions questions, orders, and * Collocations, * Saying goodbye requests * Pronunciation: showing degrees of enthusiasm Review Unit C p.130 Listening script p.132 Answer key p.143U NIT 1 Te — “) An international project ane ees aS co feeeeear Ree ae CETTE 0 Reead the home page of the company website and the email 1 Whatis NMP? 2 What services does NMP offer? 3) What project are Piet and Rosa working on now? 4 Who is Eric Carlin? NETWORK SP sanindenendent mutimedia production company which has won several media awards [tis owned and run by Piet van MULTIMEDIA eisand Rosa Lanson. PRODUCTIONS —_ NMPspecializes in the travel and cultural sector, providing: Video ~ from training and marketing videos to programmes for international television audiences home ‘Web design, consultancy, and management — oar tehelp your company get the most out ofthe Internet ste plan company htory Media presentations everything you need fora salt successful conference seminar.or product launch FAQ Management training - videos and elearning products ona variety of subjects Coro Attachment: Outline of Jan Philips, Video Producer Fea international food and dink a video ge Piet Here are a few more details on the International Food and Drink project, The project will consist of ten programmes, each focusing on the food and drink of a different country. At the moment, we want to look at Spain, Italy, France, India, China, Japan, Lebanon, Thailand, Mexico, and the USA. The programmes will include interviews with well-known chefs in each country. There will be information on the food and drinkin each country, and some typical recipes. ‘As you know, the chef Eric Carlin has agreed to be our new presenter and interviewer. He's very interested in the food of different countries and fortunately he loves travelling, because the project will involve alot of travel. "ve arranged for Eric to meet us for lunch on Monday to discuss some preliminary ideas. | hope that's OK with you. Rosa 6 @ units© @ 14 Exic Carlin is meeting Piet van Els for lunch. Listen to part oftheir conversation and answer the questions. 1. When did Piet and Rosa set up the company? ' 2. How long have they known each other? 3. What are their different responsibil 4 What do the new managers do? 5. Do Piet and Rosa’s jobs involve a lot of travelling? at NMP? © Grammar quiz Read the following sentences from the conversation in @. Answer the questions below. Rosa and I set up the company fifteen years ago. ‘We've known each other since we were at university. ‘We've been NMP for two years. Paul, our new Financial Manager, deals with the financial aspects. We both travel alot. Ar the moment Rosa's travelling even more than usual. In which sentence(s) isthe speaker talking about * the past? * the present? ‘+ atime from the past to the present? 2. Match the verbs with the tense: Present Simple, Present Continuous, Past Simple, or Present Perfect Simple. Present Simple and Present Continuous Match the sentences in A with the categories in B. A 1 We usually meet at least once a day. 2 She's leaving the office now. 3 You're meeting her this afternoon. 4 She knows the market very well. 5 She's working on two big launches atthe moment. {6 He deals with al the financial aspects of the business. B 4 anaction happening at the moment of speaking bb aregular or habitual activity ¢ atemporary activity happening around now, but perhaps not at the moment of speaking, 4 a future arrangement long-term activity f long-term state QR0.K 0.1 Action and state verbs Read the examples and complete the rules. Write simple or continuous. Action verbs © Louise works on promotions. She's working on two big launches at the moment. © Rosa and Piet travel alot. At present, Rosa is travelling even more than usual. «© Piet often has business lunches. He’s having lunch with Eric at the moment. State verbs © Rosa understands what the customers want. Rosa is ‘understanding what the customers are-wenting. © She knows the market very well. She’-enewing the market very well. © Lonise has a lot of work at the moment. Louise is shaving a lot of work at the moment, * Verbs which express an action or activity, eg. bring, arrive, manage, travel, work, are used in both simple and tenses, They are called action verbs. *# Verbs which express a state, e.g. understand, believe, know, want, be, like, are not normally used in tenses, They are called state verbs. *# Some verbs, e.g. have, see, look, taste, think, are used. inboth and tenses. They express either an action or a state. QP revierBooke.2 UNIT1 @78 @unit1 Practice @ Complete the sentences. Use the Present Simple or Present Continuous form of the verb in brackets. it to work by train this week ~ my car's broken down. (travel) 2. He's Swedish. He ____ from a town just outside Stockholm. (come) 3 They ____ German, but they —___— actually French. (lookyibe) 4 This wine _____ awful. Let’s speak to the waiter. (taste) 5 Sorry, a film on Friday. How about Saturday? (see) 61 __ a word of Japanese ~ it’s so embarrassing! (not understand) 7 She _____ of changing cities because she ____ happy here. (think)/{not be) 8 Why — the sauce? Is it too spicy? (you, taste) 9 He ___ ight weeks’ holiday a year. Lucky thing! (have) 101 ___his point, but I don’t agree. (see) uw for the newspaper? 1____ it’s in the kitchen. (you, looky/ithink) 21 abroad quite a lot. Almost every month, in fact. (travel) 13 Pmatraid they 14 _ a meeting. Can I take a message? (have) — Tunch co work on Fridays too? (you, bring) Read the answers Eric Carlin gave in an interview with Louise, the Promotions Manager for NMP. What questions do you think Louise asked? Example 1 Where were you born? 1. Twas born in Cornwall, in a small seaside town, but my parents moved to London when I was fout. Yes, I grew up in London and went to school there. went to college to study for a diploma in Cookery, Catering, and Hospitality Management. I'd been interested in cookery since I was fourteen. My mother went out to work then and I had to cook for my younger brother and sister. 4. After the course, I started working asa chef in London. I worked at two restaurants, the Hilton and the Buckingham, where I was Head Chef, 5 After the Buckingham, I went to France and then to Italy. Partly ¢o learn more about cooking and partly to learn the language. 6 Ispeak English, French, and Italian. I really enjoy speaking other languages — although I'm not so good at writing. 7 P've had my own restaurant since 1999. It's hard work, but [love it. 8 Apart from cookery, I enjoy playing tennis in the summer and skiing in winter. 9 Yes, Ido. My ambition is to open my own cookery school. on© > @ 12 Listen to the interview. Write Louise’s actual questions. 1 Where were you born? 9 © Work in pairs. Interview your partner to find out about his/her background, studies, past and present work, interests, and future plans. Then tell the class about your partner. © Work in groups. Read the questions and discuss your ideas. 1 Eric Carlin speaks three languages and enjoys learning other languages. How many languages do you speak? Do you enjoy learning other languages? 2 What makes a good language learner? 3. How can you become a better language learner? UNIT1 @9centre surfing subject flat full-time degree garden colleagues salary college commute holiday suburbs evening class 10 @ units Personal information file. Learning vocabulary Read the suggestions for learning vocabulary. 1. Which suggestions do you agree with? 2 Which methods do you already use? 3. Which new suggestions would you like to try? 4 Which other methods of your own do you use? ‘© When you read something in English, don’t stop to look up every new word in the dictionary. Try to guess the meaning of a new word before you look it up ina dictionary. ‘© Don’t learn every new word you meet. Learn the words that are most useful to you and your situation. ‘+ With a problem word, or a word with no easy translation, write it in your notebook in an English sentence which shows the meaning. ‘Test yourself regularly by covering the translation of English words in your notebook. ‘+ Use both English-English and bilingual dictionaries. ‘+ Try to put words into topic groups when you write them down. For example, words connected with travel, entertainment, work, etc. ‘+ Carry your notebook round with you and try to learn 510 new words a day. (Ithelps if the notebook is small and portable!) ‘+ Use a new word as soon as you can, This is always the final step in learning, vocabulary. You have two minutes. Learn the words in the box. Then cover the box and write the words you remember. ‘Work in pairs. Compare the words you managed to write down. Did your partner remember any words which you forgot? Organizing vocabulary Divide the words in the box into four topic groups and give each group a heading. Add two more words to each group. ‘Work in pairs. Choose six of the words and use them to give information about yourself to your partner. Complete the following groups with suitable words. Compare groups with a partner, an offer project tomake | #istake ener! | manager home work | b00k frame place Complete the word family table.in ‘Combine the words in boxes A and B to make compound nouns. More than one home combination may be possible. public Example public transport working dress ‘Work in pairs. Ask each other questions using the compound nouns in @, health Example Do you go to work by public transport? B Recording vocabulary club pet programme hours year code Example correct spelling cooking friends transport Look at the ‘word frame’ for specialize. Which of these items are used? What information is important to record when you learn a new word? 1 correct spelling Word frame: specialize 2 part of speech (noun, verb, adjective, adverb, etc.) Word (and stress) . 3. pronunciation and stress specialize (to speciaize in something) 4 useina sentence Sentence/context NMP peciaizesin te travel and cultural sector. 5 adefinition in English Definition (Verb) = to give most of your attention to one subject 6 atranslation or product 7 grammatical information, oe a 4g, preposition used with word (and tess) (noun) = speciality (the thing) 8 similar or related words, eg. specialist eee (noun) ~ specialist (the person) Grammar Verb + in-+noun/gerund He specializes in gving financial advice. Tansation © Choose two of the words below, and write a similar word frame for each. Use a dictionary to help you. toapply keen tomanage responsible Reviewing vocabulary Answer the questions and then exchange ideas with a partner. 1. How important is it for you to review vocabulary? 2 How often do you do ic? 3 Which methods do you find work best? Asking for help with vocabulary @ Match the situations in A with an appropriate question in B. A B 1 You don’t understand the meaning of a word. a Sorry, can you repeat that? 2 You didn’t hear what the teacher said. b What's the English for ..? 3. You want to translate a word in your language into English. ¢ Can you speak alittle slower? 4 You don’t know how to spell a word. 4 What does ... mean? 5. You want to borrow your partner's dictionary. ¢ How do you spell it? 6 The teacher is speaking too quickly. £ Can borrow your dictionary? © Write alternative questions for the situations in A above UNIT1 @ 11iyrantins 12 @ unit1 National branding Work in groups. 1 What isa ‘brand’? Can you think of any well-known brands? Can countrie be brands 2. Look at the pictures. Which countries do you associate with them? Is the image of each country positive, negative, or neutral? 3. What adjectives would you use to describe each country in the pictures and its people? Work in pairs. Look at the list of countries. Which of the adjectives in A and which of the nouns in B do you associate with them? A B Brazil fun-loving carnival Germany practical technology Italy traditional football Ireland adventurous Guinness Jamaica stylish the outdoor life Japan high-tech heritage New Zealand authentic efficiency Scotland fashion-conscious reggae music Singapore rational engineering Switzerland relaxed precision Compare your answers with other students. Discuss your reasons. Read the article Se nal branding to check your answers 1 What difficulties can a country have as a result of national branding? 2. Which countries have been successful at national brandin 3. How did Scotland actually ‘sell itself” and promote its brand?Work in pairs or groups. Think of a country not your own and not one mentioned in the article. Make lists of 1 the adjectives you associate with it. , 2 the products and services you associate with it. Use your lists to interview other students and find out if they have the same image of the country. Think about your own country. What associations do people of other nationalities have about your country and its people? 1 Are they true? Are they positive? 2 How would you ‘brand’ your country? 3. How is the brand different from neighbouring countries? Work in groups. 1 What problems and misunderstandings can you have when you meet or work with people from other countries and cultures? Examples language difficulties, different ways of greeting What problems can you have the first time you visit another country? Example _not knowing the system of ordering and paying ina bar or café 3. Suggest what you can do to avoid or overcome these kinds of problems. Make a list of cultural tips for foreign visitors to your country, Include some of the topics below and add topics of your own. ‘+ Introductions and greetings = Queuing ‘+ Ordering and paying in cafés, bars, and restaurants, ‘Using public transport + Invitations * Tipping ‘+ Bye contact and gestures Te eR el SeIntroductions and greetings.Welcoming a visitor Introductions and greetings @ G13 Ericarrives at NMP to m 1. What does Piet say when he greets Eric? 2. How does Piet introduce Eric to Claire? 3. What do Eric and Claire say when they are introduced? + Piet. Listen to the conversation, © _ Work in pairs. Write what you would say in the following situations. 1 You are ata conference. Introduce yourself to the person sitting next ro you. 2 You are mecting.a visitor you have never met before in a hotel lobby. You sce someone you think might be your visitor. Speak to her. Introduce a person visiting your organization to a colleague. You arrive ata new company. Introduce yourself to the receptionist. Introduce two friends of yours ata party © Read the introductions below. Match them with the situations in @ above, 2 Signor Butani, 'd like to introduce you to a colleague of mine, Michelle Johns Good morning, My name is Giles Teuro. Ihave an appointment at 10:30 ¢ Can introduce myself? 'm Javier Corzon from Global Auto, Madcid 4 Excuse me, Is your name Karen Miles? ¢ [don’t think you know each other, do you? Julia, this is Claude. @ Write F (formal), N (neutral) or I (informal) next to each of the introductions in 8. 8 Match the phrases in A with appropriate responses in B. A B 1 a. Pleased to meet you, too. 2 b Not too bad thanks. A bit busy. 3 Pleased to meet you, € How do you do. 4 Thaven’t seen you for ages! Yes, that’s right, 5 How are things going? Very wel, thanks. And you? 6 f 7 8 8 h It’s good to see you again, too. No, I’ve been away alot recently. Everything's going fine, thanks. What about you? How do you do. Nice to see you again! ‘You must be Marco. © Which of the phrases in @ would you use a when you meet someone for the first time? b when you meet someone you already know? © wet sound hel Pacts inodusingounel and ther, and ating people 14 @ uniT1Welcoming a visitor Work in pairs. List four topics which people often talk about when they meet professionally for the first time. Write a question on each topic to ask a visitor, Piet van Els is welcoming Bob Wyatt, a visitor from Toronto, Canada. Read the conversation. 1 What topics do they talk about? 2 What questions do you think they asked? Piet So, did you have any problems finding us? Mr W_ No, none at all. I walked here. My hotel is only a few minutes away Piet Oh really? Which 4 Mr W_ I’m staying at the Garrick. It’s in King Street. Do you know it? Piet I know the name. What Mr W Oh, it’s very ple Piet How often Mr W_ Four or five times a year. What about you Piet Yes, Ido quite alot of travelling - mostly in Europe, but I go to Canada and the States as well —about two or three times a year MrW_ Canada? That's interesting. Piet No, I've never been to Toronto, but I had a wonderful holiday on Vancouver Island not long ago. ant. I always stay there when I come to London, G@ 14 Listen to the conversation, Write the questions. Read later extracts from the conversation between Piet and Mr Wyatt. What questions do you think they asked? 1 Piet ? Mr W Just three days. I'm flying back the day after tomorrow. 2 Piet ? MrW I’ve been with Star TV for four years now 3 MrW ? Piet Yes, it is. We do get good weather in London sometimes! 4 Piet ? Mr W_ Iwent ro New Zealand with my wife and our two daughters 5 Piet > MrW_ Yes, [play ice-hockey in winter and I do some sailing in summer @ 15 Listen to the extracts from the conversation. Write the questions. Study conversations 1.4 and 1.8 between Piet and Mr Wyatt. 1 Who asks questions? The host (Piet) only, or both the host and the visitor? 2. Do they give Yes or No answers only? 3 How do they show interest in what the other person is saying? Role-play. Work in pairs, Student A You are Piet van Els or Rosa Lanson. Student B_ You work for a multimedia company in your country. It’s your first visit to NMP, 1 Student A welcomes Student B to NMP. Speak for three minutes. 2. Change roles. How good were you at building a conversation? How could you improve? QYPvwker 00k 9.27 UNIT1 @ 15UNIT2 ™\ New companies EIrrceco 16 @ UNIT2 VAGENDA Past Simple and Present Perfect ‘Simple review used ¢0 + infinitive Subject and object questions Work file, Dictionary skills (1) ‘Company and job profile ‘Answering the phone. Making and changing appointments How do you use the Internet? Have you ever bought anything online? Which websites did you use? What name do we give to companies that do business over the Internet? @ _ Read about ebookers, a successful dot com company. How is it different from more traditional travel agencies? ebookers.com ebookers.com is the largest online travel ageney in Europe. It specializes in selling discounted flights, but also offers a complete range of travel products: hotels, car hire, package holidays, and travel insurance. Dinesh Dhamija is the Chief Executive Officer (CEO). He set up ebookers.com after nearly twenty years in the travel agency business. Dinesh ‘was born in Australia and grew up in India, Afghanistan, what was then Czechoslovakia, and the Netherlands, so international travel is in his blood. He and his wife Tani, who used to be a flight attendant, opened a travel agency in 1980. This early experience of the industry helped him when the internet revolution arrived. ‘As Dinesh says, ‘Before the Internet, ‘we used to run a traditional high street travel agency and we built up good contacts with airlines and hotel groups. This was very useful later on. But the real secret of successful online booking in the travel business is the ability to offer big discounts. Dinesh was quick to see the potential of the Internet and opened an online department of his travel agency in 1996, He founded ebookers.com three years later. Using his many contacts, ‘and with a lot of hard work, he was able to negotiate discounts of up to 65% on standard prices and fares. He has signed special contracts with 120 airlines and over 20,000 hotels. ebookers.com now operates in eleven European countries and employs a total of 900 stat. ‘Travel is now the largest internet ‘constumer sector in Europe ~it accounts for 30% of all ‘e-commerce’ ebookers.com do 70% of their business online and 30% over the phone. ‘According to Dinesh, ‘People want to travel, but fortunately for us they don't ‘want to travel further than their computer to arrange it!” © _ Find a word or phrase in the text that means: reductions in price written legal agreements ausune holidays where everything (travel, accommodation, et.) is included in the price the possibility for something to happen to talk to someone in order to decide or agree about something the people who work for an organization© Look at the information about another dot com company, Friends Reunited. What service do you think the company offers? $ eunited ee ae (sce ey: Be dy Na Welcome to Friends Reunited pee z The website to find old friends, get back in touch, and organize reunions. eee Free to search ores Friend reunited lets you find old fiends and read what people you've lost touch with are doing now. It's free to search and see entries for the 11 milion members. eed Help © — @ 2.1 Listen to part of an interview with Julie Pankhurst, one of the founders of Friends Reunited, and tick T (true) or F (false). F 1 Julie Pankhurst got the idea for Friends Reunited when she was on leave from work. oO H Julie and her husband did not have any internet skills. ‘The Friends Reunited service is free to online members. Friends Reunited only operates in the UK. ‘The service now includes workplaces as well as schools and universities. 2 3 4. The business has developed very quickly. 5 6 O OOOO = © Grammar quiz 1. Match the sentences in A with the categories in B. A B 1. Heand his wife opened a travel agency in 1980. a apaststate 2. He has signed special contracts with 120 airlines. b apastaction 3 We didn’t want to make it difficult. ‘© state that began inthe past and continues to the present 4 Friends Reunited has been one of the most dan action which happened in a period from the past to successful dot com companies. the present 2. Match the verbs in A with the tense: Past Simple or Present Perfect Simple. QBPrewwerBooKyy.9.12 used to + infinitive 5. Match the sentences in A with the categories in B. 1 Read the examples and complete the rule, A Rito sre ated bee neiteneiant 1 Lusually drive to work i LAtachsol se sed 00 plat earcemadi ere 2 used to drive to work fin 3. Tam used to driving to work. * Useused to + ___ to describe past a ha Uterine ate eet shee an activity which I do regularly, and which is no see longer new or difficult 2 Find another example of used to in the b a present habit or routine ebookers.com article. © apast habit or routine 3. What is the negative form of used to? 4 Whats the question form? QB rower 00k 7.16 unit2 @ 171. Read the examples. What is the difference in the verb form in subject and object questions? Subject questions © Somebody built up good contacts with airlines. ‘Who buile up good contacts with airlines? ‘© Something opened in 1996, ‘What opened in 1996? 2. Match the questions in A with the answers in B. A ‘1 Which company brings old school friends into contact with each other? 2. Who set up Friends Reunited in 19992 3. What did they launch in 2002? 4 Which company has recently opened sites in European countries? Object questions © Dinesh buile up good contacts with somebody. ‘Who did Dinesh build up good contacts with? ‘© Customers buy tickets from somewhere. ‘Where do customers buy tickets from? B Julie, Stephen, and Jason did. b Friends Reunited does. ¢ Friends Reunited has. d Sites in Australia. What kind of verb do we often use in the short answer to a subject question? 19 @ uNIT2 Practice @ (Q]rosearvookp.r6 Look at2.1 on p. 132. Write short answers to the questions about Friends Reunited using an auxiliary verb. 1. Who first got the idea for Friends Reunited? Julie Pankburst did. ‘Who was on maternity leave? z) - 3. Who isa web designer? 4 Who wanted to starta new company? Who puts their deta and messages on the site? —_— How many members were registered in 2002? ‘What has been launched since 2002? How many workplaces have been added to the system? Write three sentences (two true and one false) about things you used to do when ‘you were younger but no longer do. Read out your sentences. The other students ‘must try to guess which sentence is false. Examples I used to do karate. used to live in Paris. Tused to work from home. Make questions for these answers from the article about ebookers.com. 1 What _ It sells discounted flights and provides travel products. 2 Who a : 2 Dinesh Dhamija did. 3. What a a 2 His early experience of the industry did. 4 When = a ? In 1996. 5 How much — nin = He negotiated discounts of up to 65% on standard prices and fares. 6 Where __ oe > It operates in eleven European countries. 7 How many ee aa A otal of 900 staff. 8 What Travel is.© Workin Group A or Group B Group A Group B Datafile A StLuk advertisit rood Headquarters in London, England «4 StLUKE’S Iwas founded in 1996 (on St Lukes day) as aresult of an ‘employee buy-out ‘There were originally 35 employees (or co-owners There are now 85, Each employee receives an equal financial share in the company each year. Each employee has a mobile phone, alocker, anda shoulder bag, Everything else is common property There areno desks and no personal workspaces. You can ‘work anywhere: in the staff café; in an area of soft seats ‘with newspapers, fruit, and tea; in a patio area; or in a central, open area called The Hub. There are special Brand Rooms for St Luke's clients. Each ‘one is decorated with a suitable therne and the client can use it to work, to hold meetings, orto socialize. Each month, there isa party to celebrate the work the ‘employeeshave done together. Inthe employees’ own words, Proft slike health -you need it butitis not what you live for. Read Agora’s datafile B Read St Luke's datafile A and write eight questions. and write eight questions. Datafile B eed feu on ca The company owns Gazeta (Poland's first independent daily newspaper), 14 magazines, and 30 radio stations. Under communism, the founders of Agora used to be underground journalists. Gazeta’ frst editor, Adam Michnik, spent more than six years in allfor supporting the Solidarity union movernent. There are 4,000 employees. Nearly all ofthem have shares Inthe company, Each year, some of the company's Journalists receive shares as a bonus. The dress is casual even the President of the company wears jeans, The atmosphere's very friendly, Everybody is on first-name terms. The offices have natural wooden floors and glass roofs. ‘Theres also a health club with a sauna and a swimming pool. On the ground floor, there isa large open-air café with gardens and trees. ‘Agora runs social campaigns to make schools and hospitals better. Each year, it also gives a prize to Polish writer. The company's mission is to promote trust, tolerance, respect for human rights, and solidarity with the less fortunate’ © Read the other datafile. Answer the other group's questions © Give your opinion of Se Luke's and Agora. Explain why you would or wouldn't lke to work for these companies down * four things tha Examples used to play the pianothave long hai you used to do at school (but don’t do any more). * four important events in your life Examples I got married/ran a marathon. * four things that you have achieved since you left school. Examples I bave passed university exams/learnt to drive. © Discuss your ists with othe students uNIT2 @ 1qa Work file. Di © Work in groups. 1 What information about words can you find in a good dictionary? 2 Ina dictionary, what do the following symbols and abbreviations mean? jonary skills (1) sb sth sing pl {U] {cl US(orAmE) Brit (or BrE) @ se the dictionary extracts to answer the questions. Work as quickly as possible ‘company kampmnl/ run! companies) | Company eimsingornveravusinesorsmnition | is tho abbrevietion for compeny? ‘cing pods r seven: The compar re iia vite fee oot ey on ro heciner ‘lowing te bulktance far 2 Is company used with a singular ora plural verb? 4 (U being with a person: always ery Sachets compans Ia i ery god compar 3. Mark the stress in company. ‘Citessant tobe wit ney neem 4 Complete the sentences: {UhOMSkeonsbcompanywenerdewiss | a ike being with her, she's __ company. ‘nth hero esp er compars b Do you want me to you company? “employ /mnpo/verb(T14 employ sb ion ‘ahh employ eb (as th) to pay sb to wor for Sous He employed asa tory dive © They ixes and suffixes can be used with FE omtiet ofirepaccewin! employ: in, dis, ur, er, -ive,-00, «ment, ful Shek detringencwcanoutr sien | 2 Were can you goto find work? igijee Tat nan haem who | 3 Marktho tress in employer. ees Te ty So (Rema Rercovimsaicmiows” | 4 Complete the sentences: “mt ot 2 Heisemployed — acomputer operator. cee a having all 1h: ond of b Are you employed ___ the new project? natant ‘employment agency noun {C) a company That Belpe people 4a Gnd work and other ‘companies nd workers woe i eset | wt Se het eae | 1” Whatisthediference between te nouns workand jb? Magerurgasimerm twee | 2 Which phrase means without joo? clemnn ete, utcwegars | 3 Markthestessin workaholic ee 4 Complete the sentences: were me wirass |" fwork —— slagetimin.ondon sera er irate tare you working atthe moment? ‘witout ao) jor six manths. ‘= Worle isamsneountablenoun Insomecontexts | “rest use Jab: Tv found work a the hosp, Shvegotanejabat the hostel workaholic ky bok) nown (Ca person ‘hooves woricend des oormuctot It (Extracts based on Oxford Wordpower Dictionary 019 431 $169 © 2000) © Read the language areas that an English-English dictionary can help you with Americanritish English collocations formalin ‘9. resumé/CV {common word combinations) — e.g. make an appointment jonyms compounds eg. pi .9. workplace, desktop prepixes 0.9. unproductive, impossible 20 @ uNIT2‘Work in pairs. Check your answers in a dictionary. 1 Find four groups of three synonyms from the list. 2 Are there any differences of meaning between the three words in each group? 3 Use six of the new words in a phrase or sentence. customer buyer establish salary client set up lay off make redundant income found fire earnings ‘Complete these sentences with the name of a famous company and the product or service itis famous for. Which word is more informal: a sack or dismiss? b benefits or perks? Give three examples of benefits that a company gives its employees. Use over with each of the following words to make compounds. (It can be used at the beginning or end of the words.) Use the new compound words in sentences. time take turn heads all 1. Which prefix (ur-,in-, im, dis, ir-)is used with the adjectives below to make their opposites? honest flexible motivated —_ patient decisive interesting responsible practical 2. What do the prefixes re- (e.g. relaunch) and co- (e.g, co-operative) mean? Find the British English equivalents of these American English words, bill (nown) catalog cellphone eraser internship (noun) vacation welfare workstation UNIT2 @ 21eax Company and job profile @ Work in pais. 1. Would you like to be the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of 2. What kind of product or service would your company offe 3. Who would be int ced in buying your product or service? @ You are going to listen to an interview with Martin Leach, CEO of Maserati Before you listen, match the words in A with the definitions in B a acompany that owns smaller companies of the same type b acompany that belongs to and is controlled by anoth 1 headquarters 2 reputation larger company Some € asystem of machines and people ina factory that fit the parts of something together in a fixed order een the place from where an organization is controlled 5. assembly line the opinion that people in general have about something © @ 22 Listen to the fist part of the interview wvth Martin Leach, Fill n the missing words WMiaser: A local company with international appeal Company history: —* Founded in Bologns in = Moved wo Modena in ‘© Fiat company bought 100%6 of share capital in + 1997 by Ferrari: Maserati became 8 of Ferrari * Installed utre-modem in 1998, © Qutput in 1998 = cars per year ‘© Qutput now = ‘cars per day ‘= Martin Leach eppointed CEO in Key features: = wadition and ‘© attention to ‘= research and . loyalty© @ 22 Listen to Martin Leach talking about his background and career. Correct Martin Leach: biodata ‘ 1996-1999 worked in Korea for Mazda. Position: CEO Maserati 1999-2002 Vice-President of Marketing Development ne ie aes ‘+ Began racing go-karts atthe age of seven. Won European ‘Cup and came second in World Championships. 2002-2003 CEO of Ford Asia ‘© Started work for Ford Car Company at the age of 19. 2003-2004 Freelance consultant «Studied marketing in England Joined Maserati as CEO in July 2004, Lan English (native speaker) and Italian (fuent ‘© Worked in various departments at Ford: engineering, machinery, sales, forecasting, © _Youare going to listen to Martin Leach talking about his job and describing a typical week. Before you listen, predict the answers to these questions. 1 What hours do you think he works? 2. Which of these activities do you think he does in a typical week? © check emails * givea speech to suppliers ‘meeting with the head of the have Italian language classes racing department * visit regional offices + arrange flights to Rome + evaluate a prototype of a new car * tour the factory on the test track + meeting with the Product + take part ina video conference Marketing team with international partners ‘+ meeting with the directors + fly co Rome for a ceremony with ‘+ meeting with the Honorary the Italian President President of the Maserati + lunch with the head of Fiat Members Club 3. What do you think is the part of his job that he enjoys most? 4 What do you think is his opinion on the most important skill to have? © @ 24 Listen to the third part of the interview. Check your answers to @. © @ 24 Listen again and complete these sentences 1 I'mresponsible for in Modena 2 Iesimportant to of our product. 3 It’s my job to to the best of his or her ability 4 You need to and show people who you are and that you're interested in their work 5 My job involves alot of which Hike 6 Ispend a lot of time 7. The part of my job that I enjoy most is 8 You have to know how to with relaxation ~ that’s the most tohave. pewter ort ices tresetquenionr nd fssoen 1 At Maserati, Martin Leach and his senior staff hold most of their meetings in English. Do you think this is a good idea? 2. Martin Leach has been able to combine one of his early interests ~ driving fast cars —with his career. Have you, or anyone you know, been able to do the same thing? Does it help you do a better job? 3. Maserati is a company that combines the traditional with the modern. Think of a traditional company you know, perhaps in your country or area. How could it be more modern? UNIT2 @ 2324 @ unit2 oo Answering the phone. Making and changing appointments Work in pairs. Look at standard telephone phrases 1-10. Write other phrases with the same meaning, Compare your phrases with those on p. 25-6 of the Pocket Book. 1 Claire Hallam speaking, 6 The reason ’'m phoning isto. 2 dike to speak to Ms Lanson, please. 7 What time would suity 3. 'msorry, her lines engaged 8 Could youmake it next Tuesday? 4 Would you liketoleavea message? 9 P'mafraid 'm not availabe then. 5 Would you mind spel ng that, please? 10. Yes, Thursday suits me fine. Why do we often use would and could when we make requests or arrangements? @ 25 Listen to Rosa Lanson telephoning Eric Carlin. 1 What does the message on Eric’s answerphone ask the caller to do? 2. Why is Rosa calling Eric? @ 25 Listen again and complete the missing parts of Rosa's message. Rosa _I'mealling "Could * next week: Monday or Tuesday would be best if you * then. Could “to arrange a time? Thanks. Goodbye. @ 26 Listen to Brie returning Rosa’s call 1 When isn’t Eric available? 2. Why does Claire make the appointment provisional? @ 26 Complete the extract from the conversation. Claire Ah, yes, Rosa told me about it on Monday or Tuesday? Eric Well, ? on Monday or Tuesday morning, but Tuesday afternoon 4 Claire Isee. 2 Eric Yes, : Read the conversation. Suggest a suitable word for each gap. Bric Hello, Eric Carlin z Claire Hello, Eric. It’s Claire again. P'm * about the meeting next weekend. I'm sorry, but Piet isn’t ® at the time we arranged, he’s got another *-Buthe’s Slater on, Would four o'clock be “for you? Eric So that’s four o'clock ” of two fifteen? Claire Yes. Is that time for you? Eric Ye Claire Good. So, we look forward to seeing you next Tuesday, then. Goodbye, Eric. that’s @ 227 Listen to the conversation. Check your answers. Work in pairs. Say what the underlined words and phrases mean, Tm afraid I'm tied up all day on Thursday: Can you get back to me first thing tomorrow? Just a minute, P'll put you through. ‘We were cut off earlier. Could you read that back to me? ‘The line’s busy. Will you hold? ‘There's some interference. Phang up and call you again. ‘The line’s very faint. Could you speak up a bit? Could you bear with me for a minute? Could we put off our meeting? Something important has come up.Pronunciation 4. @ 28 Listen to the words and repeat them. 3 Say the dates. s 2h 9 0 Tuesday 3 March six Tuesday this. think Saturday 12. August seventy Wednesday then jrteen Thursday 13 July Saturday hours there thirty Monday 16 April weeks miles mother ‘Thursday Wednesday 24 February 2 G 28 Listen to the word pairs. Tick the words you hear, 1 sick ¥ thick 3 sink think 5 2 sing thing 4 mouse mouth 6 worse worth Sunday 26 September ay 30 December pass path 4 @ 2.10 Listen to the dates and repeat them, @® _ Work in pairs, Student A and Student B. Role-play the telephone calls. See pp. 25-6 ofthe Pocket Book Situation 2 Phone Acorn Chemicals You work for Commercial Insurance Ask to speak to these people: Deal with incoming phone calls. John Anderson Extension 531 Sue Waite ina meeting Dr Rubin Research Department MrsJohnson at lunch Student B Situation 1 Situation 2 You work for Acorn Chemicals. Phone Commercial Insurance. Deal with incoming phone calls. ‘Ask to speak to these people: Extension 531 engaged Sue Waite Customer Services Department Dr Rubin on holiday MrsJohnson Marketing Department @ Role-play 1 Write your arrangements for next week in the diary below. Include a one-day business trip, two meetings, a business lunch, and two other appointments. Then phone two colleagues to make an appointment with each of them, September September 12 Monday 1s Thursday is Tuesday T6Friday 14 Wednesday 2. Your programme has changed. Phone your two colleagues to change the appointments UNIT2 @ 25VAGENDA UNITS es “) World Languages eee tans Giving opinions. Agreeing and disagreeing. Participating in a meeting or discussion @ Look at the table, Match the languages inthe box with the countries where they are spoken. You can use one language more than once. Country | Majorlanguages | Numberof speakers | % of population 4 China| Mandarin 867m 67.0% Wu (Shanghai) | 50m 3.8% | Y) 45m 3.5% Canada| English: 19m 59.3% | 7m 23.2% Spain Spanish (Castilian) | 32m 74.0% 1) 7m 17.0% Galician 3m 7.0% *| 850,000 | 2.0% Switzerland | German 4.5m | 63.7% | 5) 14m 19.2% | tralian | 540,000 7.6% *| 42,600 0.6% a an French Romansch ) © Work in pairs. Say the numbers in the table in @. Dictate five more numbers to your partner, then check each other's answers. 26 @ UNITS© —@ 31 Read the information about Andrea Harris. Then listen to the interview and answer the questions. My name's fndrea Harris. T work for a large investment bank in the City, the financial district of London. Xm part of = departuant Which arranges business trips for other companies in Europe and Asia. These are companies that vant to promote thanselves abroad. E travel abroad quite < bit myself, which I love. I often have te deal with cllants the don't speak English, Which means I have te have other languages besides English ~ my mother tongue. 1 How many languages does she speak? 2. What language did she study at school? 3 Which of these things does Andrea think is more difficult: a Iearning a foreign language as an adult or learning a foreign language as a child? b learning French or learning Spanish? © Japanese or Spanish? © G@ 3.1 Listen to Andrea again and complete the sentences. 1 The first thing I realized is that learning a foreign language can be than you think, 2 Learning a language when you're young is much and when you're —_— 3 Forme, Spanish was than French 4 Inearly gave up. But after a while it got 5 Learning Spanish was one of the interesting and useful ve ever done. 6 He's really one of the and teachers you could hope for! 7 But then, as I said, Japanese is difficult than Spanish 8 Certainly, my Japanese is not my Spanish. © Grammar quiz Work in pairs. Match the two halves ofthe sentences giving the rules for comparative and superlative adjective forms. ‘The opposites of more and most ‘The comparative and superlative forms of good and bad We use -er and -est ‘The comparative and superlative endings of adjectives which end in -y We use as + adjective + as or not as + adjective + as To show a big difference before a comparative adjective To show a small difference before a comparative adjective The expression one of the -est Beiatelea ne > as the comparative and superlative form of one- and two-syllable adjectives. are less and least. are -ier and -iest (the y disappears) ‘we use much or alot. is followed by a plural noun. we use slightly or a little, are better, best, worse, worst. to show something is or is not the same or equal. QPerwserviak p25 Sane nace & UNIT3 @ 27Relative clauses Read the examples. The relative clauses are underlined. Complete the rules and answer the questions. Type A relative clauses © get to travel abroad quite alot, which Llove. © My teacher, who was Japanese, was the best teacher Ihave ever had. ‘© He now lives in London, where we met. © There aren't many words in Japanese thatare similar in English. ‘© think to achieve this I would have to go and live where Spanish is spoken by everybody, + Type relative clauses give you extra information about the noun they refer to. They are called non-defining relative clauses. «= Type relative clauses give you information that tells you which person, place, © My husband, whose Spanish is excellent, helped ‘me practise. ‘Type B relative clauses © Pmparcofa department which arranges business a her ‘rips for other companies in Europe and Asia. © Toften have to deal with clients who don’t speak English. 28 @ UNITS Pras e O or thing the speaker is talking about. They are called defining relative clauses. 1. When can that replace who or which? 2. When are where and whose used? PQPrscectvook 13-14 Complete the sentences with that, which, where, who, or whose. Then decide if the relative clauses are defining (D) of non-defining (ND) and tick the correct column. D ND OO 2 The head office of her company, is located in the centreof [_] [_] the city, is only twenty minutes from her house, she can practise her languages. [_] [_] OO oo oo oo OO oo Work in pairs. Join the facts about China to make one sentence. Use that, which, where, who, of whose, Example The area of China is 9,596,960 square kilometres. Itis slightly smaller than the USA, ‘The area of China is 9,596,960 square kilometres, which is slightly smaller than the USA. ‘The population of China is 1.3 billion. Its the highest population in the world. Beijing has a population of 13 million. Beijing is the capital of China. ‘The political leader of China lives in Beijing, His tile is President. Badaling is a popular tourist location. You can see part of the Great Wall in Badaling. China manufactures electrical goods, textiles, and clothing. They are sold throughout the world. 6 Most Chinese people are descended from the Han people. They came from North East China 1 Andrea works for a large investment bank isin London, 3 She often travels to countries 4 Her husband, She would prefer to improve her Spanish by living speak it on a daily basis. speaks excellent Spanish, helped her learn. she can The language she found most difficult was Japanese. __was the best she had ever had. ‘The teacher, 6 7 Andrea had a teacher 8 first language was Japanese, was very patient, 9 Arabic is the language she would like to learn next. Bene© Work in pairs. Write similar sentences about your own country, city, or town. Compare them with your partner's © 1 Complete the paragraph using the information in the bar chart. Use the” How difficult are these languages for an American? ery easy 10=very difficult ‘comparative or superlative form of a suitable adjective (e.g. easy, difficult, hard) and a lotlmuch, a littlelslightly, and (not) as ... as to show the degree of difference. 10 {A group of students from the United States were asked which languages they found easy and dificult to lear, According tothe survey, the "language to learns Spaish. French is, + difficult. Russian is than Spanish. Chinese the “language, with Japanese and ‘Arabic____* ficult. Hebrew is _* ‘abe, Not surprisingly, the survey shows that for Americans, European languages are not _’ dificult to learn __*Asian languages. 2. Use the information in the bar chart to make more sentences: + comparing Russian and Japanese + comparing Spanish and German + comparing all the European languages ‘Work in groups. Compare the advantages and disadvantages of the following, Say which you prefer and why. 1. Learning a language in a small group or in one-to-one lessons. 2 Learning a language with an untrained native-speaker teacher or a trained teacher from your country. 3. Using the phone or email to communicate with work colleagues. 4. Driving to work or travelling on public transport. 5 Working in an open-plan office or in individual offices. 6 Living with your parents or in your own accommodation (when you first start work), UNIT3 @ 2930 UNITS. o e Adjectives file. Personal attitudes and qualities Make a list of the different ways in which people communicate with each other face-to-face. Example gestures Read the article Understanding body language. Underline the adjectives that describe personal attitudes and qualities.© Look at the list of adjectives in the box and answer the questions. attentive bored decisive distracted our friendly interested intrusive neutral rude supportive 1. Find two pairs of opposite adjectives. 2. Find five adjectives whose opposites are formed by adding either un- oF i. Give the full word (e.g. uninterested) 3. The following words from the list do not take w- or in- co form their opposites. What are their opposites? You may need to use a dictionary. encouraging neutral rude © Complete the sentences with a suitable adjective. FEEDBACK ON A NEGOTIATION —-3.theis kept stacing at the speaker ~ quite 4 Sara = nodding in ny hain he monies RRO. Sepeed 5 alentina = rate swith anyone - © Lee didn't smile one. Hows 1_Neil= excellent Ce contact = —————— @ kati=aittie 2 = teming backs sgt in her chair - Didn't make. qood eye contact © _ Replace the phrases in italics with adjectives from the box. analytical diplomatic flexible motivated responsible confident enthusiastic innovative punctual thorough Employee profile ‘Anexcellent employee who is able to be trusted ueWenweweeres «1 ¢ always ontime_________?,andis clearly interested in his workand workshard His ideasarenw_______sandhe ‘ssureabouthisown ability __* when puttingthem forward He isalso good at dealing with people in difficult situations __ —‘and isable to change to suit new situations. ____,Perhapsheneedstobe © alittle more ogiaa and cientfic________*abouthisapproach, ut hisreports ae very etaled eg Hisbest qualityisthatheisexcted andinterested "about everything! © Work in pairs. Ask and answer the questions. 1 Which three adjectives would your colleagues or other students use to describe you? 2. How important is body language in your culture? How would you show you are interested, bored, thoughtful, aggressive, and neutral? 3 Do you use different body language when you speak English? 4 In business, is what you say more important than how you say it? UNITS @ 31Qo: BI 3 In the British Museum in London there is a black stone, called the Rosetta Stone, which measures 114 x 72 cm. It is covered with carvings in three different scripts: hieroglyphic, demotic, and Greek The stone is written in three scripts because these were being used in Egypt at the time. Its over 2,000 years old and was found in 1799 by French soldiers ‘who were rebuilding a fort in the town of Rosetta in Egypt. The structure of the hieroglyphic script was very hard to work out ~ it was not successfully deciphered until 1822, Jean- Francois Champollion, a French expert in languages, discovered the text was ‘written by a group of priests in Egypt to Past, present, and future languages Do you find English easier to speak or to write? What about your own language? Do you know which was the earliest form of written langu: Arabic, or Hieroglyphs? Chinese, Read the article The Rosetta Stone and the new Rosetta Disk, Why is the Rosetta Stone in three different scripts? When was it made? Who found it? Where does its name come from? ‘Who deciphered the hieroglyphs? Why was its discovery important? ‘What is the purpose of the new Rosetta Disk? honour the Pharaoh. This discovery meant that the Rosetta Stone could be used as a kind of ‘dictionary’ to check the meaning of early written languages. Today a small group of engineers and scientists want to build a new Rosetta Stone’ or Disk, using the | same idea of parallel texts. Many scientists predict that most of the world’s languages the next will disappear hundred years. Thisnew stone will preserve some basic knowledge of the world’s languages for future generations. © G@ 32 Listen to part of a radio programme about the Rosetta Disk. 1 How many languages will be preserved on the disk? 32 @ UNITS Where is the new Rosetta Project based? How many volunteers are working on the project?@ G 22 Listen again. Complete this FAQs (frequently asked questions) page of the Rosetta Project website. —oo The Rosetta Project What is the aim of the Rosetta Project? * To create a permanent physical archive of ‘of the world’s languages. What form will the new Rosetta ‘Stone’ take? ‘+ Aspecial micro-etched *inside aspherical __*. 2 An archive. * Asingle-volume reference What will be on the disk? + Adescription of each language, including its _ “and * system. * Awordlist of core words. * A parallel text from the Bible, Genesis chapters i) How will people be able to read it? * With a___ "with magnification of one thousand times. Where will the disk be available? + There will be lots of disks distributed throughout the —__", What is the website where people can contribute their research? © vw a © Work in groups. 1 Why do you think languages disappear? 2 Do you think it is important to preserve languages, even if they are only spoken by a small number of people? Think of arguments for and against. 3 Do you speak any dialects (regional language variations) from your country? 4 Doyou have a strong accent (way of pronouncing) when you speak your native language? © Work in pairs. Discuss the question. Which of these reasons for learning languages do you think are relevant to people who need languages for work? aA language is part of a people’s culture and it’s important to respect culture. b Ifyou speak the language of an international partner they will respect you © Iewill save money on translation and interpretation services. d Iegives you an advantage over your competitors if you can speak the language of your trading partners and they can't. € Irallows you to dominate meetings with international partners. £ You can meet people from other countries and understand theit way of life. & Itgives you more job opportunities. h Te’ interesting and fun, UNIT3 @ 33Giving opinions. Agreeing and disagreeing. ating in a meeting or discussion © G33 Listento the ist part of a meeting between Rosa, Piet, and Eric How many programmes will NMP finance? Which countries does Eric think should be in the first three programmes? Why does Piet disagree with Eric? Which three countries do they agree on? © @ 22 Listen again. Write the phrases which Rosa, Pet, and Eric use in the Ieeting under the correct heading below. Asking for opinions Giving opinions What are your views? In my opinion From a financial point of view ... saosin Expressing reseatons | Dig SS © @ 24 Listen to the second part of the meeting 1 Which two groups of people must the pilot programme impress? 2. Why does Rosa want to find a consultant for each programme? 3. What does their choice of Spain for the pilot programme depend on? © G24 Listenagain, Add other pheases the speakers use under the correct Headings in @ above © Workin pairs. 1 Which of the phrases in @ would you use to give a. astrong opinion? ba tentative opinion? 2. Which of the phrases would you use to agree strongly? 3. What other phrases could you use to disagree politely? QP 00% p22 34 @ UNITS© _ Some of the phrases used in the meeting are given below. Complete the list with other phrases you remember from the meeting. Check with 3.3 and 34 on p. 134, Participating in a meeting or discussion Opening Stating objectives ‘The aim of the meeting isto ... Beginning the discussion (Eric), would you like to start? Interrupting Just a minute, (Rosa), could I just ask something? Asking for clarification Checking agreement ‘Moving on Concluding ‘Well, I think that’s everything, Is there anything else you want to discuss? Summarizing Closing Good. Lee’scall ita day, then. @ Work in pairs. Compare your list of phrases. See p. 22 of the Pocket Book. Pronunciation 1. @ 35 Listen to the same sentence, spoken twice. Tick the one which sounds polite, a Could you explain that again? b Could you explain that again? 2 @ 36 Listen to five more sentences, spoken twice. Tick the one which sounds polite, 1 a Could you begin, James? b Could you begin, James? 2 a Excuse me, Could [come in here? b Excuse me, Could I come in here? 3. a Can we get back to the main point? b Can we get back to the main point? 4 a Would you mind repeating that? b Would you mind repeating that? 5 a Could you go over that again? b Could you go over that agai 3 G 37 Listen to and repeat the polite versions of all the sentences in 2. © Work in groups. Each person chooses one of the topics below and starts a short discussion of that topic. Give your opinions and explain why you agree or disagree with your colleagues. 1 All young people should do twelve months’ military service or community service after finishing school. 2 Public transport should be state-owned, not privatized. A public transport system can either make a profit or provide a good service. It cannot do both. 3 University education should be free and the state should pay the cost of students’ accommodation, food, and books. 4 Allemployees should geta share of a company’s profits, not only senior management. 5 Unemployed people who get payments from the state should do some kind of work in exchange for the money they receive. units @ 25UNIT4 “| Consumer trends AGENDA Present and past trends: Present Continuous, Past simple Adjectives and adverbs » Food file, Word groups Ethical consumerism ‘Advice and suggestions Work in pairs. 1 Whatare the opening hours of most shops in the city centre in your country? ‘Were the opening hours different when you were younger? What do teenagers in your country spend most of their money on? What did you use to spend your money on when you were younger? Do elderly people in your country spend or save their money? What will you do when you are older? Match the phrases in A with the definitions in B. A B 1 in line with a money spent by people in one house 2 retail outlet years that someone is likely to live 3 household expenditure ¢ babies born during a particular period 4 single-person household d_ money to spend after paying taxes, etc. 5 birth rate € child who needs financial support 6 life expectancy house with one person living in it 7 dependent child g similar to 8 disposable income h shop or store Read the article Changing consumer trends in Japan. Answer the questions, 1 What changes does the article idemtfy in the spending habits of these groups? * office workers ‘© business people in their 50s * young single women, Whar changes does the article identify in these areas? * divorce rate * proportion of elderly people ‘+ shop opening hours * cating and drinking habits a in the workforce ‘There are big changes happening in the way people spend their money in Japan. More people are shopping round the clock, single women in their 30s are now a ‘major market force, and senior citizens are becoming known for their spending, power, Changes in population, family structure, and employment practices at the end of the ast century caused these new developments. The birth rate js falling, people are living longer and marrying later ~ and as a result they're spending more, 24-hour shopping ‘Consumer spending is becoming a 24-hour business ~ and business is booming. For example, when one men’s clothing store started opening its doors round the clock ten years ago, sales immediately increased by 20%. Nowadays, one third of ts annual sales are to customers who come in between 10 pm, and 7 am. and thisisin line with national figures. Many customers are office workers on their way home. More retail ‘outlets are expanding their night-time opening hours because shoppers are often more relaxed at night and spend more money. Te type of goods people buy is also changing. For example, fewer people are eating traditional food and the consumption of western- style meals s increasing People are drinking alot less sake and alot more red wine They ae also drinking less whisky, but more beer.@ Find three examples of trends from the 1990s. Which tense is used? Find three examples of present trends. Which tense is used? © compe Proportion of sales taken in a men’s clothing store between 10 p.m. this table with information from the article 1 and7 am. % 2 Increase in telephone bills from 1995102000 ___% 7 3 Proportion of women aged 20 to 39 in work in 1970 7 | Proportion of women aged 20t0 39 inworknow_% Ej_ Increase in divorce rate from 1980 to 2000 % B Proportion of population aged 65+ in 1960 % |] Proportion of population aged 65+in 2000 % B Proportion of population aged 65+ in 2020 (estimated) - © _ How similar are the changes and trends described in the article to changes and trends in your own country? @ Grammar quiz March the sentences in A with the categories in B. A B 1 Pmmoving into my own apartment next week. a an activity happening at the moment of speaking 2 Look, he’s waving at us. He probably wantstosay hello. ya temporary activity happening around now, 3 The birth rate in most western countries is falling. but perhaps not at the moment of speaking 4 Tmcooking for myself this week because my parentshave ¢ a future arrangement fone away. da present trend Communications technology $s of communications technology grew dramaticallyin the 1990s Tie was particularly strong growth inthe sale and use of mobile shores. Tlephonebills rose by nearly 10% from 1995 to 2000 even tough overall household expenditure fell. lot more people are ing email andthe Internet on a daily bass. Business people in their 5% fr example, are spending more on communications technology theuse they do not wantto be left behind. Single women as a market force lceesing numbers of women are entering the workforce, In 1970, ‘niy33% of women in their 20s and 30s worked, Now that figure is ‘wel over 60%. Fewer young women are getting married. The rozorion of single wornen in thelr 30s is rising steadily, and they ; . a ae arning and spending more money than they did ten years ago. The silver market’ ‘ithe some time, the divorce rate more than doubled between ‘At the other end of the scale, seniar citizens are becoming big 1980 and 2000, so there wes an increase in the number of single- ‘spenders, Between 1950 and 2000, there was a dramatic fall in the person households, birth rate, and an increase in life expectancy. These trends are continuing and there are mor elderly people than ever before in 1960, 5.7% ofthe population vas aged 65 or more. rom 1960 t0 2000, there was an increase of twelve percentage pont to 17.7% and by 2020 this figure is expected to be 26.8%. With no dependent children, no education costs, and low housing costs, they have a large disposable income. For example, they are spending more and more money on domestic and overseas travel UNITs @ 37Present and past trends Read the examples. © People are drinking | a lotless sake. less whisky. more beer. alot more red wine. ‘© Fewer young women are getting married. © Fewer people are eating traditional food. © More retail businesses are expanding their night-time opening hours. © Alot more people are using email and the Internet on a daily basis. © Sales increased grew by 25%, declined from 20010250. © There was aninerease agrowth arise ———— adecline | of 25%. afall sales. Which preposition? Write by, /rom, in, of, ot £0. + Weuse after a noun and before the amount. + Weuse after a noun and before the topic. Weuse after a verb. after a verb and before two amounts. ‘Weuse and Practice @ _ Describe present trends in evening entertainment activities shown in the line raph below. | | Rprssev0 9 | a Cinema b TV/video ¢ Theatre Bars and catés e Reading books Example People are going to the cinema a lot more. or A lot more people are going to the cinema, @ Work in pairs. Describe the changes that are taking place in your country. Choose two from the list below. Give possible reasons for the changes. evening entertainment activities consumption of foods from other countries smoking car ownership types of shop in city centres use of mobile phones use of the Internet 24-hour shopping, domestic holidays (compared to foreign holidays) 38 @ units SS es ee© @ 41 Listen to a description of the trends in TV viewing hours in the UK last year. As you listen draw the line graph. Average weekly hours of TV viewing Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec © Complete the extract from the description you heard. Use suitable verbs from the box in the correct tense. decrease drop fall fluctuate go down/up increase _leveloff___reach e In January last year the average number of weekly viewing hours stood at 28.1. This figure _' steadily for the next two months, reaching 27.2 in February ‘and 25.5 in March, The number of viewing hours then __*a little: they » slightly to 26.1 in April. They then “dramatically to 23.3 in May. The figure then —_ * very slightly to 23.5 in June and then more or less for the summer, which is traditionally the time people watch the least television. The figure __" slightly back to 23.3 in July and “its lowest point in August at 23.2. Average viewing hours * sharply in September to 25.3 and then _® more. gradually for the rest of the year to 26.1 in October, and 27.4 in November. The figure __"its highest point in December at 28.2 hours per week © Listen again and check your answers. © Work in pairs. Look at the highlighted words in the extract in @. Are they adjectives or adverbs? How do you know? What is the general rule for forming adverbs? @ Write the adjectives from these adverbs. Then match the adjectives/adverbs with the type of change they show. Adverbs Adjectives ‘Type of change 1 dramatically qr. slowandrregular, not sudden 5 slightly ——— _—e suddenand rapid UNIT 4 @ 3940 @ units © _ Work in pairs. Select information from one of the bar charts and prepare a presentation of past trends. Give your presentation to the class. Begin This bar chart shows... OF AS YOU CAM See w aa i Le ae Bi France Bepan Bsnin millions per year Daily newspaper circulation copies printed per 1000 population i ieians ihussie soci naa Wi venezuela © Work in groups. Discuss these questions with reference to the graphs above. 1. What were the main trends in cinema attendance, newspaper circulation, and the percentage of women in the workforce at the end of the last century? 2. Doyou find any of the trends surprising? 3 How do you think they might compare with your country? 4. What do you think are the current trends in these three areas?Food file. Word groups @ Match the names of four of the food and drink outlets at an international airport with their descriptions. 1 Trattoria 2 Milestone self-selection restaurant 3 Seafoodisland 4 News café [a] Aselection of shellfsh, smoked fish, and sushi makea delicious light meal for travellers ina hurry, Meals are prepared atthe bar in font of the customer and served \witha glass of chilled white wine, champagne, or even, sake Look out for the seasonal promotions of oysters ‘oroctopus. [b] Therelaxed lounge atmosphere makes this the place-to- be or the business traveller. There arehot and cold drinks, such as ground coffee and freshly-squeezed ‘orange juice, as well asa variety of beers. Also availableis ‘selection of snacks, pastries, and cakes. While yourelax, lyoucan make use of ive news broadcasts, international newspapers, and laptop connections. 1 meat 2 fish/seafood 1 baked 2 chilled 3. deep-fried 4 grilled 5 ground 6 marinated 7 poached 8 sautéed 9 smoked 0. stuffed Example Example baked 2. Think of other ways of preparing food to add to the list in @. What items of food can be prepared using these methods? boiled [e] The best of allan and Mediterranean cuisine. Enjoy relaxed but efficient table service, There are three-course, ‘two-course and one-course options available, depending ‘on your time—and your appetite! Starters include stuffed mushrooms, Greek salad (marinated feta cheese, olives, and tomatoes), and a selection of antipasti There are ‘main course specialities such as poached salmon served ona bed of spaghetti sautéed breast of chicken served ‘with smoked bacon, grape, and mushroom sauce; or drilled sirloin steak [ai] A variety of self-service international food stands, Have ‘some deep-fried chicken or baked potatoes. Create your ‘own salad or try the soup of the day. Enjoy a healthy breakfast of cereals, yoghurts, and fresh fruit such as apples, bananas, and grapefruit. This restaurant caters foralltastesin a fashionable setting with a magnificent view of the airport @ Find words inthe texts that belong in these word groups. 3 fruit and vegetables 4 drinks 5 dairy products 6 other food types Think of other words for each category. Use a dictionary if necessary. 3) © Match the different methods of food preparation in A with the definitions in B. B a fried quickly ina little hot fat cooked gently in a small amount of liquid © cooked in an oven in dry heat 4 filled with something ¢ cooked in an oven by heat from above £ cooked in oil that covers the food completely 8 given a smoky flavour froma wood fire hh made into small pieces or powder i_ putin a mixture of oil and spices j_ made very cold (but not frozen) ‘Think of other items of food that can be prepared using each of the methods cake @ Work in groups. Discuss the questions. 1 Is there a good selection of international restaurants in your capital city? 2 Are there different types of restaurant (eg. fast-food, waiter servic, self-service)? 3. Can you cook any dishes from other countries? 4 Where can you buy the best-quality food in your country: in street markets, small shops, or larger supermarkets? units @ 4)cosmetics, A 1 2 code of eonduct 4 dominate 5 energy-efficient 6 ethical 7 exploited \ 8 growth markets 9 marketshare 10 organic food 11. sweatshop 12. two-way process | | 42 @ units Ethical consumerism © Work in groups. Look at the pictures and discuss the questions 1 Do you buy any produets, such as clothes and food, which are made in Do you know how they are produced? What do you understand b the terms ‘global ‘developed world’, and “developing world’? @ > Match the words and phrases in A with the definitions in B. a place where people work for low wages in poor conditions morally correct or acceptable the percentage of total sales ofa product in a particular area achieved by one company d_ standards or principles food produced naturally, without using artificial chemicals 4 process moving in two different directions set of moral rules of behaviour treated unfairly, not receiving much in return for work: to control or have a lot of influence no waste of energy markets showing an increase in investment products you use on your face or body to make yourself more attractive © G42 Read sentences 1-8 and listen to a discussion on a radio programme. Decide if, according to the speakers, the sentences are true (T) or false (F) and tick the correct column, TH 2 People in the developing world want many of the things tha aq they see coming from the developed world 10 3. The West is not very successful at persuading people to buy q its products. ag = 4.‘There are very few postive and responsible forms of trade dq between the developed and the developing world. og 5 There is falling trend in imports from the developing world. od products have to be made by badly-paid workers oo 7 Local consumers in developing countries just buy what the 1d tells them to buy. W 8 Fewer people in the West are becoming ethical consumers. og © G42 Listen again, What information do the speakers give about 1. present trends in global production of cigarettes? 2 past trends in tobacco-related deaths in developed countries? 3 past trends in tobacco-related deaths in developing countries? 4 present trends in the Hollywood film industry? present trends in the ‘Bollywood’ film industry?8 Look at these statements from the discussion. Do you agree with or disagree with them? Why? 1... globalization means some consumers can ger the products they really want. 2... people enjoy their coffee more if they know it’s been produced by workers who are not exploited. © Read the article The rise of the ethical consumer. Match headings 1~4 with paragraphs a-d. 1 Ethical nance g 2 The ethical shopper oO 3 The future oO Caterer oO TNE] TIS] | a tnthe 19905 there was.a bigincrease in ‘ethical aareness’among shoppers. By 2002, shoppers in the UK for example spent £1.77 billion th ‘on organic food products, and £1.47 billion on ‘green’ household o e products such as environmentally-triendly cleaning products and energy-efficient appliances. A further £187 million was spent on ethical cosmetics not tested on animals, while £107 million went on responsible tourism, OMSUMEL |b ~sacusictirets sre shopshddts taints lesson thetettieal shopping cvoperatine Insurance Service ¥2>O8F was here to stay. In fact many realized that it was an opportunity for promotion and advertising. Seven of the largest supermarket chains in the UK adopted a ‘code of conduct’ to establish ethical policies. Manufacturers of sports shoes, such as Nike, now also have codes of conduct, particularly with regard to labour conditions. In carpet ‘manufacturing, where child labour was a big issue, there was a successful campaign in india and Europe to introduce a ‘child-friendly labelling scheme called ‘Rugmark’. C__Now the trend is moving beyond the shop and the factory into the finance and investment sector. Ordinary investors are demanding to know where their money is going, and successful investment companies are opening up decision-making to their investors. The CIs*, for example, recently invited all its members to vote on the most important ethical issues, and then invested accordingly. Turnover and Profits for the CIS increased dramatically. the popularity of ethical investments not slowing down, Figures from the research firm, EIRIS*, reveal that in 2003 over £4 billion was invested in funds with some sort of ethical criteria, and that there isa rate of growth of 34% per annum ata time when the general market is falling. The growth of ethical investment is increasingly becoming onsumer-led. It seems that for shoppers, manufacturers, and EWS Ein ivestment Research Service| investors alike, the future is definitely cleaner and greener, @ Read the article again. What do the following figures relate to? 1 £1.77 billion 4 £107 million 2 £1.47 billion 5. Over £4 billion 3. £187 million 6 34% per annum ° Work in groups. 1 Are the trends identified in the article the same in your count 2. How practical do you think itis to be an ‘ethical consumer"? 3 Do you know any companies in your country which have a ‘code of conduct’ to establish ethical policies? UNIT4 @ 43es Advice and suggestions @© Maria Ferrando, a friend of Eric Carin, has agreed to act as a consultant for NMP% programane on Spain. Read the extact from her book, A Taste of Spal Why docs she say “tapas are more than food"? What other examples ofthe Tapas (small portions can find an enormous varity of tapas in Spain: ‘of food served in bats) ham, sausage, squid, prawns, meatballs, sat. are said to have originated In Andalucfa In cod, and fried fish, to name just a few. But Southern Spain, where itwas the custom in the tapas are more than food, they're a way of life. 19th century to serve customers with a glass In Spain you can spend a whole evening on a ‘of wine or sherry covered by a lid (tapa) on tapeo, going from one tapas bar to the next, which there was a free slice of ham. Today, you sampling the variety on offer in each one. @ @ 43 Listen to the first part of Maria’s conversation with Rosa and Eric 1 Which three regions of Spain does Maria suggest for the programme? 2. What does she say about Basque cookin; 3. What is San Sebastian famous for? © G43 Listen again. Write the phrases Maria, Rosa, and Eric use to ask for and Asking for advice and suggestions _| Giving advice and suggestions My advice would be to Accepting ideas Rejecting ideas Yes, that sounds like a good ideal What other phrases can you use to reject advice or suggestions politely? Compare your phrases with those on p. 17 of the Pocket Book @ 44 Listen to the second part of the conversation between Maria, Rosa, and Eri, 1 How does Maria describe the cuisine of Catalonia? 2 Why does she suggest Rosa and Eric go to the Penedés region of Catalonia? 3. Why does Maria suggest they go to Valencia? @ 44 Listen suggestions under the correct headings in @. Two phrases for giving advice and stions are tentative. Write T next to the tentative expressions, gain. Write other phrases the speakers use for advice and Work in pairs. Match the phrases in A with a suitable ending in B, A B 1 Myadvice would be a filming the preparation of p. 2 [fl were you b to include a visit to some cava vineyards 3 How about explain what tapas are. 4 Have you thought d I'd describe how sherry is made. 5 Why don’t € (that) you include the Basque country. 6 [think you should F ofincluding some Spanish recipes? 7 Iwould suggest. you interview some Spanish chefs? 44 @ UNITSPronunciation / 1. @ 48 Listen to the pronunciation of the following pairs of words, Repeat each pai Nt ay 1 sherry cherry 2 shoes choose 3 dish ditch 2 @ 46 Listen to the sentences. Tick the “nes ee Shoo Moke rere MR a ree *} meueme Thome shalteehty fede eee eos s rence) 3 @ 47 Listen to the pairs of sentences in 2 again. Repeat cach sentence. .8 Listen and repeat the words below. ‘ est ci eS eeee aa aes 9 chops 2 shelf 4 shells 6 dish 8 shops 10 Czech ¢ NMP projects and rk in groups. Read the letter from NMP. Choose one of the NMP p1 Dear Sir or Madam We are doing some market research forthe three NMP Projects outlined below and would very much ike to hear yourideas and suggestions We would be Pet you could tll us what information and topis you tink we shoud include in the programmes. and give us any other ideas you may have.All the Programmes are designed for international audiences, New project proposals ' A series often fiteen-minute television programmes called Improve your Engish for intermediate level adult learners. 2 Five thrty-minute television programmes about Britain, sponsored by Visit Britain, designed to promote tourism, 3 A series of six thirty-minute programmes for international companies called Doing busines in other cures, each programme about a difere¢ country. Wh. 2Ppreciation of your help,we would be happy to send youa copy of one of {re NMP video programmes sted inthe enclosed brochure, Plane tele Which you woul lke to receive, Yours faithfully Rosa, Lanson NMP Project Director ’ UNITS @ 45REVIEW UNITA she © Comparative and sup. Argentina Brazil Peru Population (millions) 378 175.0 265 Birth-rate (per 1,000 population) 19.0 192 2.6 Cost of living (USA = 100) #0 50 66 Tourist attractions Main language spoken Capital city President 46 @ REVIEW UNIT A (live) in Los Angeles since 1994 and ‘on several newspapers at different times. Vanessa programme’ for local TV last year. Now she ______* (marry) the chef, Claude Blane, three years (look) for new ‘opportunities and ago. He —__-* (own) two restaurants sready and do more consuaney work for TV. AGENDA > Grammer @-@ > Focusontunctions@-@Q > vocabulary ©) This unit reviews all the main language points from Units 1-4. Complete the exercises, Use the Pocket Book for the areas that you need to review again. ,, Present Perfect Present Simple, Present Continuous, Past Simp! Simple, Action and state verbs Complete the biographical information about Vanessa Ramirez, another consultant for the International food and drink project. Use the correct tense and form of the verb in brackets. Currently Vanessa Ramirez (work) as the? (open) his third next month. Vonesse food and restaurant joumalst for The Intemational (know) the word of international food and Times, Vanessa (come) from Mexico but drink very well and ___™ (build up) good 3 (move) tothe United States in 1988, where contacts with many people in the industy. * (study) journalism. She 5 Unfortunately, she —____ (not like) traveling very (ork) much. She " (esearch) 2 cooking * (want) 10 j @ Subject and object questions “Work in pairs. Write six questions starting with Where, When, Who, What, or How ‘many about Vanessa’s biographical information. Examples Where does Vanessa come from? Who owns two restaurants? lative adjectives, Rel Tangodancing Riocarnival Machu Picchu Caribbean be Work in groups. Do you know the missing information in the chart? 2. Write as many sentences as possible about the four countries, using comparative and superlative adjectives, and relative clauses. Score a point for each different ‘comparativelsuperlative adjective or structure, and for each relative pronoun that you use Examples The population of Peru is slightly larger than the population of Vere: which has the smallest population of the four countries. (3 points) Perwis notas expensiveas Venezuela, but is more expensive than Bra, twhich is the cheapest place to live. (3 points only, because which wast in first example) ne of the most famous places where tourists visit in Peru is Machu Picchu. (2 points) Present and past trends, Adjectives and adverbs 1 What changes are taking place in your country? Describe present trends in a holiday destinations ¢ the crime rate property prices b driving to work 4 national sports teams your own topic1990-2000 1 Fast food 2 Cigarettes 4 Alcohol —~_ 4 Fruitand vegecables 2 Look at the geaphs describing trends in the consumption of various irems in the 1990s, Write sentences describing past trends, Use different verbs, and an adjective or adverb. , Examples The consumption of fast food rose dramatically in the 1990s. ‘There was a dramatic increase in the consumption of fast food from 1990 t0 2000. used to + infinitive “Work in pairs. Tell cach other about your eating and drinking habits when you were younger. Ask questions if you wane 0 clarify anything, Example used to eata lot of sweets. I didn’t use to like fruit. Introductions and greetings, Welcoming a visitor, Ad suggestions A new employee or student from another country is starting at your place of work or study. What do you say in these situations? 1 Greet himfher and introduce yourself. 2 Welcome him/her by asking five questions about his/her country, journey, accommodation, interests, etc. 3 Introduce him/her to another colleague/student, 4 Giveadvice and suggestions on * how to settle in to the place of work or study * how to settle into the country ‘what to doat lunch, in the evening, and atthe weekend Now role-play the situations with a partner Answ 1g the phone, Making and changing appointments ‘What do you say in these situations? Answer the phone toa friend, Answer the phone ina work situation, Ask to speak to someone when phoning another company. Ask someone to wait while you transfer the cal. “Make an appointment to meet friend. Make a business appointment, Change an appointment. Finish a business call. eyankone Giving opinions, Agreeing and disagreeing, Participati or discussion ameeting In groups, havea workplace meeting to discuss these suggested changes. 1. We should write important company documents in our own language and English 2. Everyone should work an extra honr-a week unpaid for the next six months in order to improve performance and productivity, Vocabulary test Work in two groups, A and B. Write a vocabulary test to give to the other group. ‘Choose ten of the words below. Write a sentence or phrase to help the other group guess the word. Example Word presenter Clue a prerson who introduces a TV or radio programme presenter negotiate ‘committe practical fluctuate specialize brand discount ethical maternity leave our of work motivated flexible CEO subsidiary accent investment diplomatic _—retailloutlet_ responsible for birth rate consumer workforce chilled body language REVIEW UNITA @ 47UNITS = e e mY A Aaa Neal aa Misién del Sol Cuernavaca, Mexico Have you ever been covered in voloenic mud ‘nd left to lie on a cold stone? That's one of the unusual experiences that awaits you atthe ‘isin del Sol, situated 80 km south of Mexico City. As well asthe therapeutic treatments atthe hotel'shealth spa, guests are guaranteed year round sunshine, and an opportunity to relax ‘completely. A new meditation centre wil also be opened next year ‘The accommodetion - wood and stone buildings surrounded by tees and water ~is certainly relaxing, Guests are requested to wear onl light-coloured clothes in natural fires Bedrooms are simply furnished and a telephone in each room is the only modem convenience ‘As Jan Heaslip,a guest {rom Ireland tld me, "You walk into the resort and the stress ust disappears. The whole time you" there, you'e rot being forced to do anything It's @ wonderful feeling? 48 @ UNITS: Time for a break? AGENDA Passives: Present Simple, Present Continuous Present Perfect Simple, Past simple, Wl Future Leisure and fitness activities file ‘Word combinations Fito work Leaving recarded messages. Using mobile phones Look atthe pictures of three special hotels from different parts of the worl, ‘Where do you think they are located? “Which of these facilities and features would you expect to find at each hi might find some of them at more than one of the hotels. «high-speed Internet ac «© private entrance toad guest room ‘swimming poo! © health treatments * air-conditioning «© moonlight camel rides © conference facilities fitness centre year-round sunshine satellite TV Read the reviews of the three hotels. 1. Match each description with the correct picture. 2 Cheek your answers to @. Our travel correspondent, Leon Martignac, visits... Desert Resort Mandawa, Rajasthan, India twas the camel ride into the deseton fist evening that convinced me 1 foun ‘somewhere fantastic, The stress of mod Crowne Plaza Coogee Beach, Sydney Australia ‘conference ata beachside hotel justa few ‘Klometres from cantral Sydney doesn't sound like hard work - especially when you find out that you wor't be expected to wear formal business sults, and thata ful programme of entertainment has been arranged by the hotel The Crowne Plaza has a fully equipped business centre, which is eurently being ‘extended. The hotel's 200 rooms are designed ‘to meet the needs ofthe interational business ‘ravelie. Al rooms have air-conditioning, G@ 52 Listen to Abib Cury and Gao Da Cheung talking about their health and fitness routines. Make notes about their lifestyles under the following headings (include details of what they do, where they do it, and when they do it) Abib Cury Gao Da Cheung breakfast lunch dinner weekends © Workin pairs and discuss the questions 1 Which of the two men do you think has the healthier lifestyle? Why? 2. How is your lifestyle similar or different? Oger ine cord 1. Does your company or place of work have Sporacnme) What activites docs include? Paine etary om meee ee 2 Present your ideas tothe other groups staff welfare policy and UNITS @ 55Leaving recorded messages. Using mobile phones Leaving recorded messages © G53 Listen to five pre-recorded answerphone messages (1-5). Match them with the following descriptions a. Eric Carlin’ answerphone message. bb Rosa's answerphone message (at home) ¢ An automated voice mail message. 4. The answerphone message from a travel company. 1 © Acomputer company helpline @ @sat 1 We'll get back ro you as soon as possible. / We'll call you back as soon as possible The office is closed for a moment. / The office is closed at the moment. Please talk after the tone. / Please speak after the tone. The person you called is unavailable. /‘The person you called is not available. All our operators are busy right now. / All our operators are busy just now. wren to the messages again. Tick the sentence you hear | © G@ 54 Listen to four recorded messages. Decide which of the answerphone mnessagesin @) they ar replying vo, | © @ 54 Listen again and complete the messages. 1 | thisisa * Maria Ferrando. This is Rosa Lanson. 1 * thank you forall the help and information you gave us. I'm going to research a few things and then we'll “another ‘meeting. Thanks again. 2. [J Hello, thisis Rosa Lanson on *.1'm having trouble connecting up to the Internet - my computer keeps crashing. Could you o soon, please? I's just after ‘Thanks. Hi ric. It's Rosa. I've got information from the Internet about the places Maria suggested, so we ought to have another meeting. Could you " ater this week? Thursday o Friday would be best if you could make it then. Call me when you Bye! 4 [Hi rosa.tes ric fm afraid | can't make Thursday or Friday morning, but Friday afternoon's OK. How does that sound? p any time from two o'clock “Bye (QPresewo.kyp.25-6 56 @ UNITSPronunciation 1 @ 55 Listen to Rosa’s message to Erie again, 3 Look at these notes made by Eric when listening to Notice how she stresses the words that carry the other messages on his answerphone. Write important information. messages 1 and 2 as complete sentences. “Hi Bric, It’s Rosa. I've got some more information Message 1 George ~ meet - bar of Grand Hotel - from the Internet about the places Maria Wednesday — 6 p.m.? suggested, so we ought to have another meeting, Message 2 Peter—can't make ~ squash Could you manage later this week? Thursday or tomorrow inste: Etiday would be best if you could make it then. n pairs, practise the complete messages 1 and 2, me when you get a moment. Bye!” pape ae Bence Cau stressing the important words. 2 In pairs practise Rosa’s message, stressing the importane words, © Work in pairs. 1 Take turns to leave each other recorded messages. The receiver should make notes about the message, but obviously mustn't interrupt! Here are some ideas for messages — but you can also think of your own. + Make changes to the agenda of a meeting + Request information on new products/services + Ask about how a business trip went. + Request a reference for a former employee 2. Forcach of the messages you receive send a return message to your partner's answerphone. Using mobile phones Work in pairs 1. What are the advantages and disadvantages of mobile phones compared to land-lines? What problems can you have when using a mobile phone? 2 What other things can mobile phones be used for apart from just talking to another person? @ 56 Listen to these extracts from a conversation on a mobile phone. In each case, what problem does the speaker have? @ 86 Listen again and complete the sentences. you You're to talk at the moment. battery’sr... call you back? Pmafraid 1 just then, repeat that? was that? © Choose one of the situations from @ above. Phone your partner. Start the ‘conversation normally, but then introduce one of the problems identified in Babove. ‘Change roles and repeat the activity with a different situation and problem, et UNITS @ 57UNIT6 VAGENDA Past Simple, Past Continuous, ast Perfect “| Home and away > Gerunds fla. Personal manogoment 58 @ UNITS Gap years for adults Requests and offers, Exchanging information @ Work in groups. Discuss the questions. Do you know anyone who has moved to another country to live and work? Did they have any problems? 2. What difficulties might someone have when they move to another country? How is living in another country different from just visiting a country for a © Look at the photographs and read the information. In pairs, discuss the questions. 1 What problems do you think César Murillo and Chris Stewart had? 2 What do you think they like about their new lives? César Murillo Nationality: Spanish César moved from Spain toa Chris moved from England to poor part of London, and became Andalucia in southern Spain, and ateacher. bought an old farm in need of repair. © G61 Listen to.an interview with César Murillo, Answer the questions. 1 When did he move to London? 2. What did he do before coming to London? 3. Hows teaching in London different from teaching in Spain? 4 What problems did he find? 5 What does he like about London? 6 Does he still enjoy his life in London? © @ 62 Listen to an interview with Chris Stewart. Tick T (true) or F (false) OA 1 Hewas a guitarist with a band called ‘Genesis’. 2. When he was at a party he was asked to write a travel guide to China, He worked as a grape-picker in Seville. He moved to Andalucia in 1988. He had no experience of farming, oO0000 00000 oO He still enjoys what he does.© G 61,62 Listen again and complete extracts 1-4. César fl * to London in 1998.1 " English Literature at a university inthe south of Spain when | * the chance to come to the UK.1 “to make a new start and London seemed lke the ideal place. At the beginning it was difficult. It___* completely different from what! " before. The pupils came from so many different backgrounds and cultures, and alot of them were from very poor families. There were also problems of discipline and classroom behaviour. “one day when a pupil “and shouted, This is boring’ and walked out. That type of thing “in Spain. Chris | suppose it in 1973, when France.1 * grapes on the vendange, when | “an American woman. She told me how wonderful Seville was, especially as a place to study the guitar. When the grape-picking *, immediately hitehed to Seville, and fell in love with the place. ‘Ana and | *in England for many years when we . here, so we knew about sheep and farming. | “to shear sheep at the age of 21, for example. But there was, and still is, an awful lot to learn. They were very hard but happy days. Past Simple, Past Continuous Read the examples and answer the questions. © Iwas teaching one day when a pupil stood up and shouted, “This is boring’, and walked out. © Iwas siting at home when the phone rang. 1 Which verbs express completed actions in the past? 2. Which verbs express an incomplete activity that was in progress over a period of time in the past? 3. Which verbs are in the Past Continuous tense? 4. How is the Past Continuous formed? Past Simple, Past Perfect Read the examples and answer the questions. © Before I went back to university 'd taught for five years in a Catholic school. © Ana and [had already farmed in England when we came here. 1. Which of the two actions happened first ~ going back to university or teaching inthe first example, farming or conting here in the second? 2. Which verbs are in the Past Perfect tense? 3. How is the Past Perfect formed? Qpersscivs0Kpp.9.10 Find other examples of these tense combinations in the ewo interviews. (Look at 6.1 and 620n p. 136.) UNIT6 @ 59Practice @ Complete the sentences about César Murillo, Use the verb in brackets in ether the Past Simple or Past Continuous LI (teach) in Spain when I (decide) to go back to university 2 When! (study), 1 (meet) an English teacher from London. 31 (sce) a poster advertising cheap flights to the UK while I (wait) at the train station, 41 (live) in Kent when I {have) an offer ofa job in London. 5 When I (arrive), schools in London (go through) a difficult 61 really fenjoy) my first lesson when the bell (cing). 7 When start) my teaching job, I (live) in temporary accommodation. 8 While read) the newspaper | an advert fora flat-share. @ Look atthe biographical information about Alison MacDonald, a Scottish engineer who settled in Canada. Use the Past Simple and Past Perfect to write Examples. When Alison was born, bi children. Her family had moved to Glasgow by the time she starte arents had already broug) ip two born Isle of Skye, Scotland (two older brothers, born 1956 and 1958) family moved to Glasgow, Scotland started school finished school, passed all her Higher exams ‘worked on a farm in Australia for a year started Glasgow University; studied Civil Engineering. took her Master's degree, Macquarie University, Canada ‘married her boyfriend (Stewart); settled in Vancouver, Canada started work for a Canadian engineering company son born (Callum) returned to work. promoted to a senior management position daughter born (Moira) Visited Scotland for a3-month vacation with family © Work in pairs. Write similar biographical information about yourself (or someone you know well). Make sentences about each other’ lives using the Past Simple and Past Perfect 60 @ units© Read the extract from Chris Stewart’s book about life on his farm in Andalu Complete the sentences using the correct tense of the verb in brackets. ONE DAY, Idecidedto become awriter. The idea____" (come) to me when I _? (walk) back from a neighbour's farm. A few hours before, I — * (visit) Domingo and his wife: Antonia. Domingo __________‘ (work) as a farmer, but at the same time he 9 (make) sculptures of animals, He es (teach) himself, and some of them were really quite good. While he _7 (show) me his work, 1 (think) that 1 should do something creative too. Thenextday the sun _____®(shine) when 1 ___ 4 (get up). By 7 o'clock I_______™ (have) breakfast. By 8 o'clock I "= (feed) the chickens. By 10 o'dlock sf (Finish) all my usual morning tasks ~ so I was uble to get everything ready to start mynew career. When Ana _____ ™ (come) back from the market, everything was ready. 1__" (prepare) pens, pencils, and paper, and T (it) down, ready to write T_____" (write) my first words, when I (hear) Ana scream, and through the window I (see) sheep on the strawberry patch, It _—® (escape) from the field, and ** (enjoy) a feast of our fruitand vegetables. I dropped my pen and rushed out to drive the sheep away. By the time the sheep was back in the field, Iwas exhausted and T the desire to write, So much for my first morning as a writer! * (lose) © Work in groups. Take turns to think of as many strange and amusing explanations for these events as you can. Use the Past Perfect to describe them. Example I missed the meeting because I had gone to the wrong company: I didn't hear the phone ... I missed the last bus home His manager wanted to talk to him... The conference was cancelled ... She was invited to meet the President ... ‘The airport was closed .. ‘My desk wasn't where it usually is. ‘The computer crashed ... eiannenes © Work in groups. Think of something you were doing at a particular time last week, Tell the others in the group the time only. They have six questions to try to guess the activity. Examples Between 7 p.m. and 8 p.m. last night. Were you cooking dinner? Were you working out at the gym? @ Think about an important decision that you have made in your life — for example, about education, work, or relationships. 1. Where were you and what were you doing when you made the decision? 2. How did your life change as a result of the decision? 3. What had your life been like before you made it? Describe your important decision to a partner. UNIT6 @ 61Gerunds file. Personal management @ 1 Personal Management Solutions isa company that helps people make positive changes in the way they manage their lives. Look at the advertisement. What main piece of advice does it give? Do you think it's good advice? 2. Find examples of verb + gerund and verb + preposition + gerund. Write them in columns 1 and 2 of the table opposite. Itmay just be your personal management that needs improving. ‘We recommend following some basic rules, For example - write a ‘destruction date’ on every unimportant document, Maybe you're used to keeping every piece of paper you receive. But how much time do you spend looking for things because your desk is untidy and your filing cabinet is full? Here’s a simple piece of advice: avoid filing a task you've finished working on without writing a date when you can throw it away ‘Maybe the “destruction date’ is one week, one month, or one year in the future. When you next open your filing cabinet and the date has passed, you can enjoy throwing useless paperwork away. You'll need a bigger office if you keep putting it off! opposite. ‘Toomuch paperwork? + Isyourdesk covered with documents? That's just one simple example. We can suggest doing many othérthings. f yoirenot very good at planning how to manage your Bersonal time, or if you're just interested in finding outabout personal management, then contact us. Fyou don't mind answering a few simple questions about yyourjob, weean help you ~ and you can look forward to living and working in a more positive environment. Don’t delay! Call Personal Management Solutions on 0443 897676 @ 1 Read another of Personal Management Solutions’ advertisements. What main idea does it give about positive change? Do you think the idea is helpful? 2. Find examples of verb + infinitive or gerund. Write them in column 3 of the table Positive chang We love thin | > _ AN Well, now you can stop worrying. You don't need to put up with being the same forever. We have the solution. ng of creative analogies that suit individuals, and we would love to help you. It's easy really, For example, ust answer these questions: Are you a Mini but would like to be a Mercedes? Do you like thinking of yourself as light blue, but feel you're actually dark grey? We can help you make a positive change by looking at how to take the steps in between. How many steps you can take in the right direction will be up to you! Act now! Call Personal Management Solutions on 0443 897676 Do you ever stop to think how you could make a positive change? It’s amazing how many people seem to complain about their situation They would like to be different - more interesting, exciting, or attractive - but they can’t find a way to make ‘Maybe it's because they remember being told by their parents or teachers that ‘you are who you are to turn on the computer in the morning, but they don't remember to think creatively about themselves. happen. 1ey remember omer 62 @ unite ME1 Vorb+ gerund 2 Verbspreposition 3 Verbs gorundor peter EU TAR ee Toe! o a i ; : cu aca eT 3. Which column do you think these verbs go into? prefer would prefer___hate would hate Grammar quiz Complete che rules. Write gerund ot infinitive, 1 When we use would with love, like, hate, and prefer, the form of the verb which follows is usually the 2. When we use love, like, hate, and prefer to refer to a general situation, the form of the verb which follows is usually the 3 With remember, when the remembering happens before the action it is followed by the — 4 When the remembering happens after the action its followed by the 5 When stop means not do any longer, its followed by the 6 When stop means interrupt one activity in order to do another, its followed bythe Complete the sentences, Write the gerund or infinitive form of the verb in brackets, 1 Do you remember __ him when we were in Copenhagen? (see) 2 Will you remember — and confirm the meeting for next Tuesday? (write) 3 After working on the new project all morning, he stopped - lunch, (have) 4 Idon’t play football any more. I stopped ___ five years ago. (play) Work in groups. Discuss the questions. 1 What things do you remember doing when you were younger? 2. What activites did you do in the past, but have now stopped doing? ‘Work in pairs. Prepare eight questions about personal management using verbs from the table. Then change pairs and interview yout partner. Examples How much time do you spend tidying your desk each week? What are you particularly good at doing in your job or study? How would you love to be different? UNIT6 @ 63co Gap years for adults D Work in pairs. Ask and answer the questions 1 What did you do after school or university, and before starting work? 2 Whats the best time of life to travel or spend time in another country 3. What is the longest holiday you have ever taken from work? What did you do? Read the article What is a gap year for adults? and the three adverts. Work in pairs and answer the questions. 1 Howis a gap year for adults different from a traditional gap year? 2 Why do employers think gap years are a good id 3 Would you like to take a gap year as an adult? If yes, what would you like to do? Where would you like to go? 4 Which, if any, ofthe three areas a, b, or c would you choose? Give reasons for your choice. AAgap yearforadulsis constructive time out-it [a] anbe anywhere, doing anything andeverthin. — [APPDVE T*natimeouttowork | You coud be traveling round the world, bulding@ pee eta rey a Ebola see neradnnce YOUR JOD rang epee experience, lying on a beach in Fiji, or simply Skills! Ttcanalso be a chance to gain having newtookt yuri HL rewmaiteatonsendleam FEIT oeeiats satvtisredl inp yuri activity, taking an extended break before [Prospects when you retum. Doctors nurses, Ceca a caMannee teaches enero in ened Be cteswivaettinnyurtnonose ands families ableto pay forthe experince. Inthe UK, both Princes Wiliam and Harrytook gap years [B] Deforstaing niersiyormitryranng, Save the planed! | However, @ gap year now offers something for There are thousands of conservation | See the world! veryone:foryoung people, orfor olderpoople projects running globally from coset | jj aneagordtickotaredexblend teachingretirement fr peoplewhodontwanta home othe deepest darkest commer of} owns Pe world ches re Hele career, but just want to take life one stage ata the Amazon. YOU can volunteer and "the slacks of really wabt tQbisit atl companies regard ‘portfolio careers’ of this kind Ifyou inkaad ‘some work experience a SO) Ree cece an you go, you'll not only see the sights be intresting range of ecvitositcan often make eno yas youmore employe© — G 63 Listen to these interviews with three people who took a gap year. Make notes to complete the first part ofthe table. EE a=) J A“ a : iN ernest any 2y) Soa ce Riri Cee eae Saad DUC cd ‘What do they do now? O6. ‘Work in pairs. Sore the adjectives in the box into six pairs with opposite ‘meanings. Use a dictionary if necessary. adventurous ambitious cautious. —_hard-worki lazy optimistic pessimistic reckless relaxed unadventurous —_unambitious uptight Now answer these questions. 1 Which of the adjectives best describe Dean, Alicia, and Hortense? 2. Which of the adjectives best describe you? 3. Think of people you know who you could describe with each of the adjectives. ‘Tell your partner about them, Listen again and make notes to complete the second part ofthe table. 0° © _ Work in groups. Design the perfect gap year for each other. Think about the adjectives in @ and use the suggestions below. * travel round the world (Which route? Which countries?) *+ voluntary work in an developing country (Doing what exactly? Which country?) learn a completely different skill (What skill? Where?) study a foreign language in the host country (Which language? Which country?) Present your ideas to the rest of the class. UNIT6 @ 65 etree ce eeCan you Would you mind (+ -ing)? Do you think you could ...? Could you... ? Pd like you to Do you mind (+-ing)? 66 @ UNITS Requests and offers. Exchanging information ‘Work in pairs. Which of the phrases in the box would you use to make the requests below? Give reasons for your choice. Ask 1 acolleague to translate a letter for you. 2a friend to do some supermarket shopping for you, 3. your secretary to work three hours overtime this week 4 acolleague to give you a lif to the train station. 5 your secretary to make some photocopies. 6 your son or daughter to tidy their bedroom. 7 acolleague to help you move some office furniture. 8 a friend to water your houseplants whileyou’re on holiday. @ 64 Listen toa conversation between Rosa and Claire, Write the information Rosa asks Claire to get. @ 64 Lis heading below. Requests and offers Requesting Could you ...? Offering Accepting Would you like me to ... ?| Yes, if you could. n again. Write other phrases Rosa and Claire use under the correct | Yes, of course. Declining Thanks, but you needn't bother. What phrases can you use to refuse a request? How do we begin a refusal and what do we add to sound poli Work in pairs. You are colleagues. Practise making and responding to requests. [Add two more requests each. Give a reason when you refuse a request. StudentA Student B Ask Student B 1 tohelp you translate a document. Agree. 2 togive you a lift to the airport. Refuse, Student B StudentA Ask Student A to 1 explain a new computer system. Agree. 2. look after a visitor next week. Refuse, Work in pairs. You are preparing for a seminar. Practise making and responding to offers, Give a reason when you decline an offer. Add one more request each, Student A Student B Offer 1 to set up the audio-visual equipment. Accept. 2. tocheek the number of participants Decline Student B StudentA Offer 1 to open the windows. Decline 2 to get supplies of stationery. Accept.@ _G@ 65 Listen to the phone call Claire makes to Executive Travel Services. Write the times of flights in her notebook, FLIGHTS Frm Te oay/oate Departure Arrival inden. Biba fanday and a Bubac seville Tuesday ath serlle Valencin Friday 3th Valencia Barcelna Saturday th Sanday oth @ 65 Listen again. Write the other phrases Claire and Jan use under the correct heading below. Exchanging information Asking : Checking Pd like some information on That's Confirming | Correcting Showing understanding Yes, that’s right. Pronunciation 1 @ 66 Listen to the corrections. Which word is emphasized? 1 No, not the 7th, the 17th. 2. No, not Malaga, Madrid. 3 No, not 10.35, 10.2: 2 @ 67 Listen to the corrections, Circle the correct information. 1 4th 14th 4 Frankfurt Berlin 1 30th 4 Toronto 2 30th 13th 5 12.45 12.30 219th 5 13.45 3 Ziirich Geneva 6 07.30 07.20 3 Rome 6 15.50 3 @ 68 Look atthe examples of corrections and then listen. 2 So, travelling on the 7th... (Sth) No, not the 7th, the Sth b So, departing at 11.45 ... (11.35) No, not 11.45, 11.35, 4 @ 68 Listen and correct the mistakes you hear using the information below. You will then hear the correction. 9° @ Rewrite the indirect questions as direct questions. 1 Could you tell me what time the 10.30 flight from Paris will arrive? 2 Do you know if there are any cancellations on the 8 a.m. flight to Moscow? 3. Pd like to know where I can get some foreign currency. 4 Can you tell me where you bought your tax-free goods? Compare the indirect and direct questions in @. Answer the questions. 1. What is the difference in the form of the verb and the word order? 2. Which are usually more polite: direct or indirect questions? 3 Which do we use more at the beginning of a conversation? Rewrite the direct questions as indirect questions. Use introductory phrases from 1 Are there any seats available on that flight? 2. Has the plane from London Heathrow arrived yet? J & dhere a connecting fight to Manchester? 4 Which terminal should I go to? UNIT6 @ 67VAGENDA Modal verbs: mustimustn‘tneednt, have toineed to “ Bridging the culture gap > cy deseiptons le. British English and American English International outsourcing Giving talks and presentations @ Look atthe heading froma conference programme. Imagine you are going to this ‘Doing business in different countries and cultures’ een acuta Seed 1. What topics do you expect to be on the programme? 2. What practical information do you need about attending the conference? @© Read the extract from the conference advice sheets. Check your answers to question 2 in Arrival and registration ‘Your hotel will advise you on public transportation from your hotel to the ‘Moscone Conference Center. Alternatively, you can call the following toll-free taxicab numbers: 626 2345, 648 4444, of 673 1414, | Conference registration opens at 10.00 on September 5th at Desk B of the “Moscone Center South, Please bring your registration documents with you. You are going to listen to a conversation between a young, Chinese businessman and his English language teacher. Wu Chao is about to leave for the conference in San Francisco and Mike Millard is Canadian, but is now based in China Before you listen discuss what advice you think Mike will give Wu Chao on these topics about doing business with Americans. ‘speed of negotiation ‘© sensitivity to cultural differences + individual initiative and achievement + making decisions + periods of silence in meetings soc formaliics @ 74 Listen to the first part of the conversation and check your answers in 3) @ 2A Listen again. Complete the sentences. 1 Tknowl be prepared for things to be very different. 2 You expect the way of doing business to be the same, 3 You remember that American business culture is largely individualistic. 4 You think clearly and quickly when you're doing business. 5 You worry: In American business culture, they stick co the rules | 6 You send log tne on oi formalin | 92 @ UNIT?© —G@ 22 Listen to the second part of the conversation. What advice or information does Mike give Wu Chao about 1_ general conversation topics? 2 asking personal questions? 3. if you don’t understand what someone is saying to you? 4 being on time? 1 You 2 You 3 You 4 You 5 You 6 You 7 You 1 itsnecessary/obligatory @ 72 Listen again. Complete the sentences. — ask abouta person’s job in general terms. ask a person how old they are. ask a few questions about her husband and children. find you don’t understand everything people are saying. stop the person you're talking to and ask for clarification. be invited fora round of golf. practise your golf before you go. Write the modal verbs from @ and @ next to the appropriate meaning, 2 it’snor necessary/obligatory 3 it's necessary/obligatory not to do it 4 it’s possible 5 it’s permitted 6 it'sadvisable 7 it’snot advisable Modal verbs, have toineed to Read the examples. Answer the questions and complete the rules. must/mustn’t/needn’t © Imust go and pack. © What else must I be careful about? © You mustn't ask questions that are too personal. ® You needn't worry. In American business culture, they stick to the rules, have to/need to * You have to be on time for meetings and. business appointments. © You need to think clearly and quickly. ® DoThave to be on time for everything? * Dol need to know about American popular culture? * You don't have to arrive exactly on time for parties and social occasions. * You don't need to spend a long time on social formalities. 1 2 3 4 How do we make questions with must? How do we make questions and negatives with ‘other modal verbs, .g. can, could, may, might, should? How do we make questions and negatives with have to and need t0? ‘What is the Past Simple form of have to? Write mustn't or needn't. —__isused to express no necessity or obligation to do something. — is used to express a necessity or obligation not to do something. Write have t0, need t0, or must. QPRE00% 9.75 usually expresses the personal ‘opinion of the speaker about what is necessary or obligatory. z usually expresses a general obligation outside the control of the speaker, or Rec NER GSS or aw. is used in both contexts to express necessity, UNIT? @ 69Practice @ Read this email from the Human Resources department of a company to their delegate for the San Francisco conference. Choose the best alternatives. | aa to Ee aig) San Francisco conference | ohn, Just a few last-minute reminders about the conference. According to the schedule, you have to/must’ register at the conference at 10 o'clock. |) 1 know you're very interested in Argentina, so you have to/must® sign up for the optional session on South America, As far as the other sessions are concerned, you don't need | to/mustn’t worry? - you can choose. The Managing Director would like you to meet with Jacques Pétain. I mustn’tineed't be a formal meeting ~ achat inthe bars OK i you Want. However, you mustn'tineedn't tell him about our plans in Argentina, as they're highly confidential, You don’t have to/mustn’t take any brochures, but you can take a few if you want. (On a more personal note, as I know you haven't been to San Francisco before, you ‘must/have to” pack some warm clothes. It can get quite cool in the evenings. Also ‘smoking: you don't need to/mustn’t® smoke anywhere in public buildings ~ they're very strict about it, One last thing - you don’t have to/mustn't* forget your registration form! Good luck! Glenys Pronunciation 1G 73 Listen and write the number of words you hearin the sentences. Count contractions (e.g. don't) as one word. | 1 3s 7 4 6 8 | 2 G@ 78 Listen again and complete the sentences. | 11 goto the talk, 5 We toask him, 2 You belate 6 Do carly tomorrow? | 3 You about me. 7 He very hard | 4 You takean umbrella. 8 What should do? 3 G 78 Listen again and repeat after each sentence. 70 @ UNIT7 -e allowed obligatory recommended forbidden permitted, required { work long hours make long journey to work use your spoken English at work send emails in English | use a computer a lot | getup early do the housework go abroad in business rake lot of phone calls do repairs around the house @ 14 Listen to some recorded information about driving and parking in San Francisco. 1 Complete the sentences with words from the box A full international driving lic for all drivers. and auto insurance are b The wearing of seat belts is © Itis to drive under the influence of drugs or alcohol. d Itis to stop or park at red curbs at any time, © Only commercial vehicles are to load at yellow curbs. f Allvehicles are to stop at green curbs for a maximum of ten minutes. g The following tips are for tourists driving in the Bay Area, Which sentences express: permission, advice, obligation, obligation not to do something? Rephrase each extract as if you were speaking directly to the person. 4 What advice about driving would you give people visiting your country? Think about vehicle safety and general driving etiquette, as well as driving and parking laws. Rewrite these sentences where necessary so they are true for your country. 1 Everyone has to have an identity card 2. Smoking in restaurants and bars is forbidden. 3, You mustn’t use mobile phones in public places like restaurants and museums orart galleries 4 You are not allowed to go into a bar serving alcohol if you are under 18, 5 You have to buy a ticket before you get on a bus. 6 People from other countries do not need a visa to enter the country. 7 You have to pay for your tuition fees if you go to university. 8. You are not allowed to own a gun without a special licence. Work in pairs. Ask your partner questions about the activi activities. Use have to in different tenses. Then complete sentences 1-8. in the box, or other Examples Do you have to work at the weekends? Did you have to use your English yesterday? Will you have to work late tomorrow? My partner 1 hasto 2 doesn’t have to has had to. hasn’thad to 3 hadto will have to 4 didn’t have to won’t have to uNiT7 @ 71 SeCity dese: @ What do you know about San Francisco? Look at the photog ish English and American English Make notes under the headings in the box. * Geographylelimate BB + Catturesen + Eating/drinking BB + Business/industry 1 Read the description of San Francisco. Add information to the five headings in Examples beach, skyscrapers, finan San Francisco Situated on a 120-square-kilometre peninsula ‘bounded in the west by the Pacific Ocean, the north by the Golden Gate Sirait, and the north-east by the Bay ‘San Francisco was once a small Spanish fishing village. It has now grown into lively and cosmopolitan city and one ofthe main business and tourist centers in California. The population is over ‘300,000 in the city, with a total ofnearly seven million, inhabitants living in the wider metropolitan area. The climate is never too hot and never too cold —although it can get chilly and fogay at times, Dramatic hills, stunning beaches, soaring skyscrapers, peaceful parks, and interesting architecture help to make San Francisco one of America's most visited cities. San Francisco is also a very safe and clean city. Tourism is the main industry, ‘with visitors enjoying the famous tourist attractions suchas the Golden Gate Bridge and Alcatraz, as well asthe musoumsand art galleries, concert halls, and, thoators. There is an extensive range of retail outlets 72 @ UNIT? Which places and things mentioned in 2. Find places and things that are also in your town or city. al district in the shopping malls and streets ofthe city, and a ‘wide variety of eating establishments, especially in the exciting ethnic neighborhoods such as China ‘Town, North Beach (Italian), and the Mission (Mexican. ‘There are many other businesses in San Francisco, Although the 1990s boom ofthe dot com industries has now passed, the computer industry and new media in general aro still big businesses, helped by the proximity of Silicon Valley. The financial district in downtown San Francisco is also full of banking, insurance, and other corporate enterprises. ‘The public transportation system makes all areas of the city accessible, and getting around is reasonably quick and cheap. There are buses, a subway system, land of course the famous cable cars. But probably the best way to experience the rich variety of this, fascinating city is on footsmall foggy cosmopolitan hot cold dramatic accessible safe fascinating peaceful lively interesting quick . clean chilly cheap What do each of the adjectives in the box describe in the text? Example small— fishing village Match these adjectives inthe box with their opposites in the box in @. dirty dangerous dull boring noisy warm limited _ expensive | 1 Look at these pairs of words. Which one is American English and which one is British English? Use an E +h-English dictionary to help you, a downtown/city centre ¢ elevatorilife shopping mall/shopping centre f taxifcab © pavement/sidewalk & freeway/motorway d flavapartment h gas/petrol 2. American English and British English spelling is sometimes different, center (AmE) and centre (BrE), Can you find any other examples of A English spelling in the San Francisco text? 3. Do you know any other differences between American English and British English? Work in pairs. Describe the town or city where you live to each other. Use words and phrases in @, @, and @. Look at the list of common questions asked by visitors when they are in a city for the first time = Pmonly in the city for a day. What can I do? Where can I get the best view of the city? do I get to (name of famous attraction)? a discount travel pass? Who do I call for hotel reservations? What's the nightlife like? What type of food and restaurants do you recommend? Where are the main shopping areas? 1 Which of the questions do you think would be asked by a business visitor? How would you reply to a business visitor to your city or town asking these questions? Role-play with a partner. UNIT? @ 73CU ae 500 jobs lost as bank relocates call centre to India Indians learn to be Brad and Britney Elocution lessons are helping staff at call centres in India to lose their accents and make them more effective when speaking to customers from the UK and the USA. Many western companies now use international outsourcing as part of their business operation. Outsourcing is when & company uses a different company, often in another country, to manage some of their business tasks, particularly telephone help and information lines known as ‘call centres’ Most English-speaking countries outsource to call centres in counties like India, ‘where English is spoken. India in fact accounts for 66% of international. call centre outsourcing. But other countries, suchas the Philippines, Sri Lanka, Mexico, 74 @ UNIT? The outsourcing option - the way to save your International outsourcing Work in pairs. Look at the photog: 1 Whatdo you think is meant by 2 Whatis a call centre raph and headlines 3. Why do some businesses have call centres based in other countries? 4 What good or bad experiences have you had phoning call centres? Read the article and check your answers to questions 1 and 2 in @. Then answer these questions, 1 In which countries are call centres often based? 2 Why is the number of international 3. What characteristics and skills does a good call centre opel 4 List the ways in which call centre operatives are helped to relate to callers from different countries. Poland, Russa, and Romania, are also used by western companies. Advances in technology, the falling cost of international phone calls, and the big differences in labour costs mean that international call centres are booming. It is estimated that soon there will be more than two million call centre operatives in India Call centre operatives have to be polite, fiendly, and helpful and they need to be able to give information clearly and respond to customer questions, They also need to sympathize with callers. and understand their problems. Call centres 0 to great lengths to make their sta sound like they are from the country ofthe person they are speaking to. Zia Sheikh, head and co-founder of Infowavz international in Murnbai sad, Thee are definitely challenges about bridging the culture gap between someone sitting in Denver and someone supporting them from India who's probably never travelled outside the country. We believe that its important that the caller should feel like they're talking to someone next door ‘They mustn't know that the voice at the ‘other end of the line is from the other side ofthe world. Staff are sometimes given Western pseudonyms to use such as ‘Brad’ or Britney’ instead of their real names They also watch films from the UK and US to learn about how people live their lives. One call centre operative, “James who has never been to the UK, attended a ‘crash course in British culture. His course taught him that ‘what English people like most is going to the pub, and they love horse racing and obviously football, and they like food such as puddings and fish and chips. Call centres also have clocks set to the time of the countries that are calling them so they know whether the caller has just got up, or is about to have dinner, or go Out. They have regular weather reports, so that they can make conversation about the Weather and other topics of small talk So the next time you phone to ask for information about train times or because you have a problem with your computer, you might be talking to someone on the other side of the world. But will you actually know?© Find words or phrases in the text that mean 1 the ability to speak clearly and correctly, especially in public. 2 away of pronouncing words connected with the country, area, or social class that you come from. 3. progress or developments in something. 4 understand and share someone's feelings or problem. 5. make more effort than usual in order to achieve something, 6 new and difficult things that force you to make a lot of effort. 7 aname that you use professionally that is not your real name. 8 a course which gives you. lot of information in a very short time. 9. desserts, often sweet and heavy. © G 25 Listen to this discussion from a business meeting. Complete the table. Advantages Disadvantages 1 companies 2 home countries 3 countries where call centres are located © Work in groups. Give your own opinion of the advantages and disadvantages of call centres and international outsourcing in general. Compare your views with the other groups. © Work in groups. Produce a training guide for call centre staff dealing with callers from all over the world, with specific advice about callers from your country. Include the following areas: ~ ‘Compare your guide with other groups. UNIT7 @ 75Giving talks and presentations © Work in groups. Make a ist of what you need to do to ive a successful talk oF © Carol Hunt sa freelance consultant for NMP. She gives talks and presentations 1 Whatisthe ttle of her tlk? 2. What do you think is meant by ‘signposting lang NMP BUSINESS TRAINING SEMINAR CorolHunt | NMPBUSINESS TRAINING SEMINAR Carol Hunt 1 Communication skills at work Ss Communicat n skills at work Giving talks and presentations Preparation: six key points + Preparation * Objectives * Organization * 'Signposting language’ * Audience * Visual information * Delivery * Content * Practice © Which of the six key points on Preparation do you think these questions refer to? 1 Who are you talking to? 2. What isthe aim of your talk? 3 Isthe talk clear and logical? 4 Have you practised giving the talk? What is the important information to get across? 6 What do you want to achieve? Have you checked the timi 8 Can you use the visual display equipment correctly? 9) Are you using ‘signposting language” that makes the talk easy to follow? 10 Are you showing too much information on the screen or slide? 11 What do they need to know? 12 Are you sure what you are saying is interesting? © @ 26 Listento the first part of Carol Hunt’ talk and check your answers in @ © Carol Hunt gives a handout on ‘Signposting language’. Write the correct heading Introducing each section _Referring backwards and forwards Referring to questions Concluding, ‘Summarizing a section Referring to visual information Introducing the topic Referring to common knowledge Dealing with questions Checking understanding 76 @ UNIT?Signposting language aS Imentoned erie. the mpotance of.) (es WW say more about thislaee This morning | I'm going to ... (talk about ...) Asa cos pose 1.05 point ater Todoy | Tdiketo.. eserbe.-) coe Theaim of my presentation hs morning isto (explain...) ‘that dear? Iv dey peanton | Gees Anne iesorss (My talk will be in. ‘ pee First, I'd like to ... (give you an overview of ...) 7 —____ second, | yy move onto This screen shows. (agra) Then fooson iypulookat this raph you can Se ater that | ey dea with What interesting inthis side's Final, oe Falke to draw your attention to (thischat..) een pps Feelfreeto | interupt meif theres anything Ayalinow you don't understand Asm sue youre aware you don't ind welleave question tl the end a 3 ___ ee ‘That concludes my talk. So, let start with . (obectves..) Thatbrings me othe end of my presentation Nowlets move onto. (the next pat.) Hfyouhave any questions be leased do my best to Lets tumour attention t. he question of.) arswer them, Thisleadsme to. (ny thie pont.) Tank you for youFatantion, Finally. (ets consider.) @ i 4 4 That’ good pont That completes my ... (description of ...) I'm glad you asked that question. . POA SRn i an a Saha ba Cant get back to you on that te? I'm atid dont have Atheinfernaton at present afraid m not the ght person to answe that. © —@ 77 Listen to the last part of Carol Hunt’s presentation. Complete the key points about delivery on the screen. NMP BUSINESS TRAINING SEMINAR Corel Hunt Ss Communication skills at work j Delivery - key points | 1 nerves 2 S 4 of © G 77 Listen again. Make notes to help you remember what the presenter says about the five areas. Then compare notes with a partner. © Work in groups or individually. 1. Prepare a talk or presentation on a topic of your choice. Use the information in this section to think about how you will organize your talk~e.g. how many sections, what visual aids, what visual information systems, how to deal with questions, what signposting language to use. 2 Give your talk or presentation to the rest of the class, UNIT? @ 7 iU NITS See Present Continuous, be going to + “VOna global scale Infinitive ws nfintive > Money and finance file. Collocations Hosting a major event ‘Types of business communication, Texting © Whar problems illustrated in the photograph below? What can be done to solve problems like this? How can companies and businesses help? @ March the words in A withthe definitions in B A I sanitation urgent request for something that is needed 2 hygiene b system for keeping places clean 3. sustainable ¢_keeping things free from disease 4 voluntary 4 removing human waste 5 © 6 F appeal (noun) done willingly, not because you have to do it; unpaid sewage disposal fable to continue for a long time © Look atthe information on WaterAid. 1 What are WaterAid’ general aims? 2. Who are they trying to help? 3. What are their main sources of funds? 4 Which of the six aims for WaterAid Ethiopia do you think are most important? ‘5. Which of the statstis in the Ethiopia factfile do you find most surprising? Vision ; and mission 'sision is of a world where everyone has ‘access to safe water and effective sanitation. ‘Ourmisston is «to provide safe domestic water, sanitation, and hygiene education tothe world's poorest people. ‘¢ tohelp local organizations set up low-cost, sustainable projects using appropriate technology that can be managed by the community ise. ‘ toinflvence the polices of key organizations such as, ‘governments. WaterAid is independent and relies heavily on voluntary support. Over 70% of our funds come from individuals, ‘businesses, appeals, and special events. MC uC) 78 @ UNITS© G81 WaterAid is organizing a trip to Ethiopia for businesses which raise money for them. Listen to the first part of a meeting between a representative of ‘WaterAid and the business delegates. 1 Complete the flight dates and times, Date | Time , - Arrive Addis Ababa Return London 2. Match the following itinerary arrangements with the correct date: 4th, Sth, 6th, 7th, and 8th March, a meet local community leaders b transfer to hotel, check in, reception at Government offices © meet ;voreda and kebele leaders, meet women's group d free day travel to rural village in the east © _ @ 82 Listeno the second part of the meeting. Where are the group visiting on a 9th March harvesting project b 10th March scheme ¢ 11th March building sewage disposal systems d 12th March redevelopment project in areas © G 83 Listen again and complete the sentences. 1 D2 Sorry, what time the flight get into Addis Ababa? WA It at 15.00 on the 4th, then tothe hotel, checking-in, and getting ready for the reception at the Government offices. You can see that i's —__atiring day. We're anything on the Sth, so there’s time to rest before the ‘main itinerary. 2 DI Arewe - any professional interpreters? My Human Resources department has a good contact if we need to take an interpreter. WA No, we're interpreters ~I'm afraid it's too expensive. We local interpreters from our volunteers already working out there. I think them good enough. DI That's fine. 1 contact our HR people 3 D2 Can [just ask about publicity ~ are we a photographer for example? WA We're small TV crew and our own photographer for publicity and press coverage. D2 I don’t know if you're interested, but with my wife, who's a professional photographer. She's interested in doing the publicity shots if you want. WA Fantastic! In that case leave our photographer behind, Are you sure it’s OK? pz with her, but yeah I'm sure. UNIT8 @ 79© Grammar quiz Match these sentences from the listening in A with the descriptions in B. x 1 The flight gets in at 15.00, 2. Pmgoing to send all the travel documents on to you. 3. [think youl find them good enough. 4 A number of senior ministers are coming. 5 Inthat case we'll leave our photographer behind, 6 You can see that it’s going to be a tiring day. o ‘A timetabled regular event in the furure. ‘A definite arrangement in the future. A planned intention (decision already made). ‘A spontaneous decision (made at the time of speaking). ‘A future prediction based on present evidence. fA future prediction in general. Identify the tense or form in each case (eg, Present Simple, be going to + infinitive. Arrangements and intentions: Present Continuous, be going to + infinitive, will + infini Look at these sentences from the listening. Complete the rules and answer the question, Present Continuous © I'm coming with my wife, who's a professional photographer. ‘© We're not doing anything on the Sth ‘© Unfortunately, the President of Ethiopia isn’t available so he isn't coming. © When are we visiting one of the projects? be going to + infinitive ‘© You can see that it’s going to be a tiring day. © Are we going to take any interpreters? ‘© No, we're not going to take any interpreters. will+ infinitive © In that case we'll leave our photographer behind. © That's fine. | won't contact our HR people. © Weuse ___ fora future intention when the decision has been made in the past. © Weuse ___ fora definite arrangement (one that is written ina diary for example). j © Weuse _______ fora spontaneous decision about a future action. © The contracted form of willis ‘© The negative (contracted) form of willis — i * How do we form questions for the Present Continuous and be going to forms? QPirecicrs00K 5-6 | 80 @ UNITSPractice @ Workin pai @ Choose the best verb form to complete the sentences. 1A The fight leaves/ivill lewve at 10, so what time do you leavelare you leaving for the airport? B Tim booking/going to book a taxi to pick me up at 8. 2A You have to check in two hours before the light, B [thought it was one. In that case, I'l bookd/'m going ro book the taxi for an hour earlier. 3A Can you bring me back a souvenir? B I'm not having!'ne not going to have much time for shopping, but OK, Ul tryl'm going to try. 4A What time doesfvill the retuen flight land? B Eight in the evening. Do you meet/Are you going to meet me? © Complete these sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets, 1A Would you like to join the delegation to Ethiopia? B Tdloveto, but (travel) ro New York on an important business trip. 2. A Which airport (fly) 102 B JFK. (attend) a conference ina hotel near the airport, and the fight (get in) at just the right time on the 4th, 3A Are you (have) any time to relax? B Probably not, After the conference I 7th, Sth, and 9th, (mect) clients on the 4 A Did you know thar our ex-boss (be) in New York ar the same time? He (stay) a the Plaza, B No, [didn’t know that. In that case I (not go} there for a meal ~I don't want ¢o run into him when I'm on business! © > Make new plans as a resule of discovering these situations. Example Thaven’t been paid. Isvon't go out for dinner tonight. 1 The email isn’t working, 2. My phone bill is enormous. 3. My boss wants to see me now. 4 Pve lose my dictionary. 5 Allthe tickets are booked for today’s New York flight. 6 Tean't stare my cat Take turns to think of more examples for each question. Ask each other questions for mote details. 1 What regular timetabled events are there in your country in the next year or two? Example The President opens Parliament in November 2. What definite arrangements have you made for next week? Example I'm flying to Paris on Friday. 3. What intentions and plans do you have for next year? Example I'nt going to pass my English exant, UNITe @ 61Money and finance file. Collocations Which of these methods of payment do you use? When do you use them? Do you use any others? © cash * cheque * credit card * traveller's cheque © debit card * bank-to-bank transfer Which of these banking and insurance products and services do you use? Do you use any others? * online banking, * home insurance * mortgage . * loan * investment advice * pension foreign currency One of these phrases is already complete. Complete the others with the correct preposition from the box. One phrase does not need a preposition. (back by for __ off ) 1 pay by credit card or cheque 2 pay a bill or invoice 3 pay goods or servic 4 pay money you borrowed 5 pay aloan or debt @ Complete the sentences with the correct preposition from the box. Then decide if itis good advice or not. (Cb em oe o) 1 Never lend money a friend. 2 Never borrow money a friend. 3. Always pay any money you've borrowed as soon as possible 4 Ifyou take loan, make sure you pay it on time. 5. Always pay holidays credit card, 6 Always choose a bank that pays interest its accounts, 7 Always have your salary paid directly your bank account. 8 Ifyou get the chance, always invest shares. © Look at the underlined words in the leaflet Internet banking — at your fingertips. Match them with the definitions. I. give (money) back 2 put (money) into a bank account 3 instructions to your bank to make r your account taking money dishonestly take (money) out of a bank account secret Personal Identification Number list of all the money going into and out of your bank account the amount of money in your bank account pieces of business done 10 money lent by your bank, so you can spend more than isin your account 11 the local office of your bank, where you keep your account 12 instructions to your bank to transfer money automatically from your account as.a way of paying bills, etc. The amount is often different each time ular payments of the same amount from a2 @ unite© Read the leaflet Internet banking — at your fingertips. Answer the questions. When isthe Internet banking service open? How much does it cost? How can you be sure that the information is confidential and secure? Internet banking — at your fingertips With overtwo milion customers, our You cans ‘And you can feel secure doing because Intemet banking serviceisasate and easy» check yeurbalance andrecert transactions We ensure thatal details transfered ayo aces yourpesonalbanksccouns Spier amen orice our beeen rain cone We se atatimethat suits you, seven daysa week. exising one industry standard levels of security, ‘Andis free. All you pay are your usual transfer money between your bank _ protecting you against fraud, However, in charges for accessing the Intenet. soi the unlikely event of fraud, we will refund * paymoney to another person’shank Your money. Of course, as with PIN ‘There sno need to open any new eon ‘numbers, you must be careful to keep your accounts. Internet banking is simply + printordownload youronlinestatement Security information secret at all times, another way ofaccesting your existing pay ills suchas cet cardo tity bills _eSPecally when using shared PCs or those ‘ones. You'l still be ree to call nto your « setup, amend, orcancel standing orders in public places. | branch orphone uswheneveryouneedto + order foreign curencyortavele's talkiosomeonein son. Andyoucancf * chanuc course wihdtawor deposit money nthe « view o cancel ect debi or standing normal way es @ Match verbs in A and nouns or phrases in B to make collocations. Sometimes more than one match is possible. Example check (your) balance A B print amend access bank account Joan cancel check. pay off balance foreign currency set up pay transfer money between accounts statement download order apply for bills standing order open’ overdraft travellers’ cheques © Complete the questionnaire by ticking the boxes. fire you sensible with your Monsey? | only use Internet banking on my private PC at home. | Ooo 2 mnt BEBE 3 I check my bank statements regularly and keep al r al yt | ieee 4 Temotacn sine @xnnaam ae eee try bills are pald on me. Lit {] eee keep toa weekiy budget. © Compare your answers with your partner. Do you think your partner is sensible with money? Why/Why not? Can you give your partner any advice? UNITe @ © certain eect edhe eet a ee TT Meg Ue edHosting a major event ° Student 1. Read about Barcelona. 2. Tell Student B about the effect of hosting the 1992 Olympic Games on Barcelona. Include information about 2002 the recession Barcelona’s airport di f 12,500 new jobs eight years $8bn $2.4bn 3 Student B will tell you about Sydney. Ask questions if you don’t understand anything, g h 2s @ uNITe political summit? Use an English-I construction industry estimate GDP solar powered infrastructure urban renewal Work in pairs, Student A and Student B. pareelon Barcelona enjoyed hosting the 1992 Olympics sso much that 40,000 people gathered in the Montjuic stadium in 2002 to celebrate the tenth anniversary of the Games. They had alot to.celebrate: It was not only a sporting triumph, itwas also alasting socal and economic. success. Despite a recession that asted until the mid-1990s, Barcelona was able to grow, building on its Olympic achievement. The cty sed the Games to introduce an imaginative urban renewal plan that transformed its decaying industrial areas into the gorgeous seaside city which tourists and visitors love. Barcelona's aitport handled 2.9 milion passengers in 1991; this figure has now risen Has your city or country ever hosted a major event, e.g. the Olympic Games, a What preparation is required to host such an event? What changes or improvements to a city continue after the event has finished? nglish dictionary to check the meaning of these words. environmentally friendly water conservation a to over 21 million. Tourism, which accounted forless than 2% ofthe city’s pre-Olympic GDP, snow worth 12.59. The increase in hotel beds asa result ofthe Games has produced 12,500 new obs. Barcelona estimated thatin ight years ithad built infrastructure that would usualy take ity yeas. They invested $8 blion ina ring road, anew aitport, a {elecommunications system, and an improved sewage system. The fithy harbour and port ‘area were transformed by a $2.4 billon ‘waterfront development, with the two tallest towers in Spain, one a luxurious hotel, the other anoffice building. == >|Student B 1 Read about Sydney 2 Student A will ell you about Barcelona. Ask questions if you don’t understand anything. Tell Student B about the effect of hosting the 2000 Olympic ames on Sydney. Include information about Sydney ‘onthe tourist map. Tourism now accounts for ‘Sydney, withthe 2000 Olympics, putitself firmly environmental initiatives, such as the preservation of the endangered green and, Be ee early 54 of Australia's economy, and the golden bell frog, which now has a population eee aes ‘number of visitors rose 11%in 2000. The major _sixtimes greater than before the Games. The d_ 137m Australian dollars ler than tourism, were the, main priority was ener dd water the athletes’ village uct industries, and the conservation. The f the green and golden ronmentally friendly world’s la bell frog Stadium Australia recycled water result ofthe Games. The _ beca © G 84 Listen to parcofa press conference given by a company of consultants describing their estimate ofthe income and expenditure f London hosts the Olympic Games. Answer the questions. 1 Why have they not allocated much money for infrastructure improvements? 2. How large isthe new stadium going to be? What is the estimate for total expenditure? What is the final estimated profit figure? 3 4 5 What other benefits are mentioned? @ 84 Listen to the press conference again. Match the numbers in the box with a the ortectitem on the income and expenditure account rae Ree Expenditure £ Income £ locninead! Building of new facilities Ticket sales 436m 864m Buying of land Other direct revenue - Staging the event Contribution from the IOC Security Sponsorship and advertising Improving the team Resale of land Unforeseen risks Tourism and tax from jobs Toral 1.69bn | Toral 3.14bn 10C = International Olympic Commince Work in groups. 1 Think ofa city that you know well. Which of these events could be hosted there? * an international tourism convention any other event * an international sporting event * ameeting of world leaders ‘© acultural festival 2 Choose one of the events and plan what the city will need to do before, during, and after the event to make it successful. 3. Discuss your plans and opinions with another group. UNITS @ 85From Hotel Rosa Rosa/Maria To Rosa Claire chef in San Sebastian Types of business communication. Texting Types of bus Work in pairs. \ess communication 1 Which of these ways of communicating do you use at work? Do you use any other ways? © face-to-face * letter * fax * telephone memo text message © email 2. What different situations do you use them for? Give examples. 3. Which do you use most? @ 85 Listen to Rosa giving Piet details ofthe rescarch trip to Spain. Make a note of the activities they have arranged or planned. Research trip to Spain 2-11 May Place Date Activities San Sebastién 2-4 May Seville 47 May Valencia 7 May? Barcelona 1/811 May @ as 1 Listen to the conversation again. Complete the table with the type of communication used (e.g. phone message, email, ec.) Message ‘pe of communication confirm booking ccheck flight times request for interview Then on the 4th, * until the 7th chefin San Sebastién | Rosa/Maria accept request for inerview Rosa NMP team feedback on visits Piet Eric invite for lunch Rosa Maria invite for lunch. 2. Which type of communication is not mentioned? Could it be used for any of © @ 285 Listen tothe conversation again, Complete the mising parts of extracts A 1 [weli * in two weeks, on 2nd May. 3 [and on the ath “to spend the day visiting ” to San Sebastian first, so a vineyards in the Penedés area of Catalonia, talking to cava flight to Bilbao on the 2nd. In San Sebastian ? producers. Then * on Tuesday. I'm to interview the chef of one of Spain's top restaurants. “a full report on all the visits for the editorial and production team — “you in of course. 2) * to Seville and “tothe bar IF we have enough time, ‘to Jerez dela Frontera and find out all about sherry production. From Seville either * straight to Barcelona or * to Valencia, ce @ unite where the custom of topas began and a convent where traditional Spanish confectionery is made. 4 TP think she said she's out of the office all morning. | know, "her and tell her where 2Pronunciation 1G 86 Listen to the examples, Notice the words that are stressed, 1 He won't have titne to cdme to the méeting. 2. Are you coming on the excursion with us on Stturday? 2 G 827 Listen and mark the words that are stressed, 1 Are you planning to work abroad next year? 2 ll meet you at the cinema after the film, 3 sit true that you're going to change your job again? 4 We're going to Canada for our holiday next summer. 3 @ 87 Listen again, Repeat each sentence twice quietly to yourself to practise the sentence stress. ‘Work in groups. Take turns to describe a future arrangement, plan, or intention, which may or may not be true. The other students can ask a maximum of six questions to guess if what you say is true oF not Example A I’m going to buy a new car next month. B Really? What make are you going to buy? Texting How often do you send or receive text messages? Have you ever sent any a inawork situation? bin English? Look at Rosa’s text message to Maria, and Maria’s reply. Lunch w Piet + Eric? 1.30 bar lorca. R Ifthey speak to each other, how will they say the same messages? Look at these abbreviations and symbols often used in informal text messages. What do you think they stand for? 1 asap 6 tmrw/2moro 2 ba 7 2nite 3 cule 8) 4 gr8t 9x 5 rucoming? Convert these messages into text messages. Try to be as brief as possible. 1 Shall we meet fora coffee atthe Grand Café at 11 o'clock? 2 Can you bring your laptop computer to work tomorrow? 3. Are you coming to the seminar tonight? 4 Ineed to talk to you urgently. Can you call me as soon as possible? Write some messages of your own ~ either in full or asa text message, Get your partner to ‘convert them. units @ «7REVIEW UNIT B days they must could have to don’t have to needn’t may shouldn’t mustn't should might 22 @ REVIEW UNIT B oe ‘Our Social and welfare programme ten years ag. A Socal and welfare co-ordinator ‘ur training equipment —__"lappoi ; {do} by four different people. The company *_enjoyitbut!'mnot ver fast, so perhaps! __" (not (develop) the programme over the year. Intheearly pick) forthe final team next year but! ___ e VAGENDA > Grammar @-@ > Focus on functions @-@ > vocabulary @ This unit reviews all che main language points from Units 5-8. Complete the exercises. Use the Pocket Book for areas that you need to review again, Passives: Present Simple, Present Continuous, Present Perfect ‘Simple, Past Simple, Will Future 1 Complete the description of the Social and welfare programme of Julie Voelckel's company. Use the correct tense and form of the verb in brackets. Be careful: five of the verb forms are active rather than passive. * introduce) ten-ilometre run every Friday by our fitness coach. All (provide) by the " (give) time off to train. ),andsince then thejob ___” company, andwe ____ * (organize) reading groups and yoga (support) my colleagues. The Social and welfare lasses, but recently ots of sports events © _ programmes a very important part of our working life. (arrange). Last year! “(play for) the company _It’s enjoyable and! (lean) new skills but basketball team, We aso go running regulary, and rmostof all weal feel thatwe __' not treat) as at the moment we (encourage) to take part _just workers, ut as people, in next year’s marathon. We __*{take) on a 2. Write six questions about the programme based on the text, Use a range of tenses, some active and some passive. Example When was the programme introduced? Past Simple, Past Continuous, Past Perfect Work in pairs. Complete the sentences. Use the Past Simple of the verb in brackets. Then continue the sentence in two ways, using the Past Continuous and the Past Perfect. Example I felt (feel) embarrassed at the wedding reception because Twas wearing jeans /I had forgotten to buy a present. 1 WhenI (leave) home this morning ... 2 She (choose] to work in another country because .. 3 He ____ (write) a letter of apology to the client because ... 4 When I (begin) this course ... 5 The company {take over) one of it’s competitors when ... 6 They - (want) to take a break because ... Modal verbs ‘Complete the table below with verbs from the box. 1 Necessity/Obligation 2 Nonecessitylobligation 3 Necessity/Obligation not todo something need to Isfare forbidden isfare required don'tneed to Isfare prohibited 4 Advice 5 Possibility 6 Permission can may islare permitted islare recommended is/are allowedbe good at enjoy decide like would love want be used to don't mind be interested in remember manage stop look forward to © Arrangements ar ntions: Present Continuous, be going to + infinitive, will + infinitive Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verb in brackets, 1 P'mafraid I can’t come to the conference. 1___ (fly) to Paris then. 2. According to the timetable, the train (leave) at exactly 12.05, 3. Pve decided I want to do that training course so I (ask) the Human Resources Manager to send me. 4 The email’s not working again! I (have to) fax this document instead. 5 We can mect next Tuesday if you want. 1 (give) a presentation in the afternoon, but | (not do) anything in the morning. 6 sce from the schedule that you (take) your holiday in August. In that case, 1 (not take) mine until September. For each sentence, ask for clarification, Example 1 Sorry? Where are you flying to? © Gerunds and infinitives 1 Write eight sentences about your personal attitude to work or study. Choose from the verbs in the box. Example I'm quite good at organizing things. 2 Ask your partner questions to find out if they have a similar attitude to work or study. Example Are you good at organizing things? @ Leaving recorded messages, Requests and offers, Exchanging information, Texting 1. Write recorded messages to leave on someone's answerphone. * two requests to do something * two offers to do something, + two asking for information 2 Work in pairs. Say the messages to each other. Make notes on the messages you receive. 3 Respond to the messages by leaving a return message. 4. Write a mobile text message for two of the messages. © Types of business communication, Giving talks and presentations 1. How many different types of communication have you used in the last week in your place of work or study? Tell your partner about the different types and explain why you used each one. Prepare a presentation on the advantages and disadvantages of different types of business communication. 4. Give the presentation to the other students. © Vocabulary test Work in two groups, A and B. Write a vocabulary test to give to the other group. Choose ten of the words below. Write a sentence or phrase to help the other group guess the word. Example Word ambitious Clue keen to achieve things and do well ambitious¥ delegate. = GDP initiative air-conditioning outsourcing allocate fitnesscentre crash crash course cosmopolitan updated conservation _ stressful install itinerary direct debit uptight accessible early retirement infrastructure volunteer. small talk fund-raising shopping mall REVIEW UNIT B @ 69UNITS acer ‘stand 2nd Conditionals Expressing probability > Pheasal verbs file, Dictionary skills (2) Urban ving Writing emails ETAT O Work in groups. 1 How will the world be different in the year 2 2? Make predictions about hese areas, i et 2 pret Compare your predictions with other groups. How likely or unlikely do you hink each other's predictions are’ @ Read theartc 1 Are any of your predictions in @ mentioned in the article? 2. What other predictions are made? 3. How likely or unlikely do you think the predict ‘What if... ?’ ‘ky-trains, space travel for the masses, and food pills? Future predictions haven't always been accurate, But now governments and businesses are increasingly using scenario planning’ to help them plan policies and make decisions, 41 What if the power fails? SCENARIO COMMENT » 2030 about the UK. | 2030, the UK will have problems generating enough energy If we covered just par with solar panels and will be dependent on imported sources of fuel. Itis easy to itwould provide all the world’s electricity, The UK government Imagine a terrorist attack on a major pipeline. As soon as the has set a target of 30% renewable sources (such as s pipeline's attacked, energy supplies will drop by 40%, energy and wind power) by 2030. It's true — if we don't mi Emergency supplies will not be enough. Thelogicalconsequence __that target, then we'llhave to use either nuclear power or isthat by the evening rush-hour, whole sections ofthe country _imports of natural coal, oil, nd gas. The pipelines that carry will lose power. There willbe traffic gridlock, trains willstop, and some of these impo} Tisk of terrorist airports willclose. Essential ervices won'tbeabletomoveand _ attack as well as lives will be putat risk. After the government introduces emergency powers, the army will control daily life. Professor Rees W go @ UNIT 9Time clauses Read the examples and answer the questions. The time clauses are underlined. © Assoon as the pipeline is attacked, energy supplies will drop by 40% © Before the strike is.a week old, the transport and financial systems will collapse. Which tense is used after as soon as and before? 2. Find other examples of time clauses beginning with when, after, as soon as, and (not) ... until in the article in @. Do they refer to present or future time? 3. Which tense is used in the time clauses? 1st Conditional Read the examples and answer the questions. © If we don’t meet that target, then we'll have to use either nuclear power or imports of natural coal, oil, and gas. ‘© Ifcurrent trends continue, the number of elderly people will more than double in the next 25 years. 2 What if the money runs out? SCENARIO In 2030, the number of retired peoplein the UK willbe higher than the number of working people. The pressure on the Government to find money to provide the services and facilities needed by this ageing population willbe enormous. There's a hance that the government might decide to increase taxes dramatically on the younger population. Ifthis happens, there willbe demonstrations, perhaps even riots. People will Continue to protest until the government starts to listen. they don't abandon theirplans, a national strike willbe called Before the strike isa week old, the transport and financial ‘systems will collapse. The country willbe divided: generation ‘against generation. COMMENT "The developed world is definitely getting older. fcurrent trends continue, the number of elderly people will more than double in the next twenty-five years. At the same time, the ‘number of workers expected to pay for everyone's pensions and services will increase by only 10%, I's afact that governments will need to look for alternative sources of labour if they want to avoid conflict between the generations over tax ‘and other financial issues.” Sean Cope, UKEconomicsForum Do the sentences refer to present or future time? Which form of the verb is used in the if clause? ‘Which form ofthe verb is used in the result clause? Is the event inthe ifclause likely to happen? ‘What are the negative and question forms of Ist Conditional sentences? 2nd Con Read the examples and answer the questions. © If we covered just part of the Sahara Desert with solar panels, it would provide al the world’s electricity © Ifwomen had control, there'd be fewer conflicts. 1 What is the uncontracted form of there'd in the second sentence? 2 Which form of the verb is used in the if clause? 3. Which form of the verb is used in the result clause? 4 Is the event or situation in the if clause (a) likely, or (b) unlikely or impossible? 5. What are the negative and question forms of 2nd Conditional sentences? QP 0K pp 3-4 3 What if women have control? By 2030, tis possible that nearly allthe senior positions at ‘work willbe taken by women. The leading female politicians of ‘the day willhelp to end warsby dialogue and discussion. The ‘world wil be a more peaceful and co-operative place. Families, +00, willbe dominated by women, and men will have a smaller part to play in bringing up their children. Men could be ‘marginalized and have fewer rights, But what ifthey decided to fight back against this situation? if men demanded aretum of, ‘their rights, itcould lead to afresh gender battle. Men's groups, ‘would be formed to help protect the new weaker sex. COMMENT ‘The 21st century will be the century of women. By 2030, ‘when the workplace is “feminized”, traditional working structures and hours willbe a thing of the past. At the same ‘time, lagree that families will change so there will be less need for men as soon as their biological function is complete, I women had control, there'd be fewer conflcts. Dialogue, discussion, and compromise would be the main features of international relations’ Kem Harmer, Gender Stusiesinniacves UNITS @ 91Practice @ sain at the weekend become atop politician see my friends tonight get promotion havea day off next week have six months’ holiday ‘oversleep tomorrow buya new car get the offer of a job abroad speak five languages Complete the sentences. Use when, before, after, as soon as, or (not)... until Example I'leall you as soon as I get to the airport. 1 P'llsend you an email 2 — ___,'llexplain what P'd like you to do. 3 Iprobably won't leave the office a 4 Tiltext you, 5. Inced this document sent urgently. Will you be able to send it ? 6 Iwon't book a table as 7 Could you log off — 2 8 oe Till get us some coffee. Complete the sentences using the verbs in brackets. Decide whether the predictions are likely, or unlikely or impossible, and use Ist and 2nd Conditional forms as appropriate, 1 If fuel consumption (increase), we (nced) to look for more energy 2 Ifeveryone in the world ____(use) their cars less, the demand for petrol and as (fall). 3. fli expectancy in the West (continue) to rise, there (be) more older people. 4 Ifpcople __ (work) until the age of 90, they (not need) to have a state pension. 5 If women (take) more positions of power in business, some traditional practices (change). 6 Ifmen (disappear) completely, the human race (become) extinct. Work in pairs. Look at the events in the box. Decide 1 how likely or unlikely they are to happen to you in the future, 2. your course of action, ‘Make conditional sentences. Examples fit rains at the weekend, I'll go to the cinema. If I became a top politician, Pd @ 94 Listen co an interview with three young working adults: Peter, Jola, and Yves, They are discussing three predictions. As you listen, tick to show how probable they think the predictions are. | Prediction Definite | Likely | Possible | Unlikely | Definitelynot Peter 1 The family will disappear as the main social unit, Ywes Jola 2 People will move away from the parental home earlier Peter 3 There will be cheaper, es independent accommodation for young people and key workers (eg teachers and nurses). Jola 92 @ UNITS© G22 Listentotheextracts and complete the different ways of expressing probability 1 Peter I'm The family is far too important. 1 that ie will become a litle less important — = but it won't disappear, 2 Yves P'mnotso sure. that the family as we know it will disappear eventually. 3 Jol 4 Peter Yes, [agree with Jola. There a move away from the family for young working people — for financial reasons as much as anything. 5 Yves Society needs young people to work in the centres of cities, for example ~ in businesses, in hospitals, in schools and so on.P'm cheaper accommodation for young working people, and key workers in general - maybe smaller and less comfortable, but affordable. 6 Jola t + because, as Yves says, society needs it. But to mean the end of the family, © Write the phrases they use to express different degrees of probabil [ Detinie yin the table Ltely | =| Unlikely @ Work in groups. Discuss the following predictions using the phrases in @. 1 The family will disappear as the main social unit 2 People will move away from the parental home earlier 3 There will be cheaper, independent accommodation for young people and key workers. 4 We'll have to spend more time looking after our elderly relatives. 5 People will work from home more. 6 Employees will be expected to work a minimum of six days a week. © _ Decide what the results will be ifthe predictions in @ come true. Use the Ist or 2nd Conditional as appropriate. Examples (5) people work from home more, there will be less need to commute to work, and the roads and transport system will be better. (6) Ifemployees were expected to work a minimum of six days.a week, they would go on strike © Work ingroups. 1 Think of possible furure events in your place of work or study. Choose some likely and some unlikely events. Think about new developments, building improvements, technology, staff changes, relocation, training, exams, ete 2. How will/would you react if these events happen/happened? Examples 1 think it's likely that my company will open a branch in another country. If they do, V'll... Idoubt if Pll pass my exams. If Idid, Pd. UNITS @ 25o Phrasal verbs. Dictionary skills (2) Phrasal verbs (also called multi-word verbs) consist of two, or sometimes three, words. The first word is a verb and itis followed by an adverb (put away) or a preposition (look after) or both (put up with). The adverbs and prepositions are sometimes called particles. Work in pairs. Read the instructions for a first-time computer user. What do you think the underlined phrasal verbs mean? Getting started 1 Fistof al, check you have plugged in all the I you've got areport to write up ora memo to type, connections in the correct colour-coded sockets, ‘Matt will show you how to do it, how to save it, and how ‘Then turnon the power: “Matt Mouse’,the on-screen _toprintitoff. If you want touse the Internet, Matt will computer assistant, will come up on your screen. also show you how to set up an email address and how Q__ Matt provides simple tutorials where you can find ‘out about the different functions of your computer. He'llshow youhow to _‘It couldn't be easier! And if there's a problem you can't setupa password, which you will sortout with the help of Matt, or if your computer needevery time youlogon. Remember, _breaksdown, then you can always call our 24-hour if you write your password anywhere, _helpline, Our free mouse mat has all our details on it~ doit ina secret way so that noone soyou won't need to waste time looking up our number. else can work itout. e to download information and files. You'll be shown how to send an email, and attach documents. ‘Match the phrasal verbs in @ with the definitions below. 1 find the answer 7 establish for the first rime 2 appear 8 write something in a final form 3 deal with a problem 9 move the switch to start 4 connect toanelectricity supply 10 discover information 5 transfer from computer to paper 11. stop working 6 search for information ina book 12 type your password to start ‘Which of the phrasal verbs from the instructions in @) can take an object, and which of them can't? Read the extracts from the Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary. Answer the questions. 1. Which verb has two particles? 2. Which verb does not take an object? 3 Do you know another meaning for take off? 4 Whar do you think the symbol «© means? 5 Which of the example sentences is in the passive? ‘come across sb/sth to meet or put sthe>'off to change sth take ‘off 3 (of an idea, a product, find sbisth by chance: I came iO a later time or date: Weve {tc} tobecome successor popular arrose eildren Sleeping under Peete wescine very quickly or suddenly: Pe new bridges» She came across some titi September ‘magazine has realy taken of. ld phovographs merawer “get ‘on with sb to have a {ake sbe'on 1 0 employ sb: to friendly relationship with sb: take on new staff ¢ She was taken ‘She's never really got on with onasa trainee. hersister, (ras ln Orford Advcd Lear Dictionary in cron 019431606 ©2005) o4 @ UNITSPhrasal verbs which take an object ‘Type 1 Phrasal verbs with an object which has two possible positions (‘separable’) * Did you take on any new staff? © Did you take any new staff on? When the object is a pronoun {it/metherithem, ete.) ‘Type 2 Phrasal verbs with an object which has one position only (‘inseparable’ Tcame across an old friend, eamentokdiriendacrons. came across him. eer How do the dictionary extracts show if the object is ‘only one position is possible. © Did you take him on? © Bichyeattakee mh separable or inseparable? QP VeerH0 949.10 ‘Match the phrasal verbs in A with suitable objects in B, A B 1 takeon a anew receptionist 2 putoff b your holidays 3 come across © mynew colleagues 4 get on with di anold diary 5 look after © adifficult decision 6 look forward to £ my sister's children Build short question and answer dialogues using the phrasal verbs in @ A. Has your company taken on any new staff recently? B Yes, we've taken ona new Sales Assistant, Lisa Kitano. A When did you take her on? Example down] @_ Complete the sentences with the correct form of the phrasal verbs below. Check = the meaning in a dictionary. 1. On my first day at work Iwas completely lost. I didn’ know who to — © for help, 2. Iwas talking to my boss on my mobile when I went into a tunnel and he off started to 3. The door of my flat was damaged. Someone had —___ and stolen my TV. 4 [didn’t do very well at the interview, so they me up 5. Twas so late that the meeting was almost over when I eventually 6 started giving my presentation, but suddenly when I realized that 1 ony didn Rarresmy minty wih ai the computer by mistake and lost all the work I'd done. 81 my partner last week. We were just about to go on holiday together. ue © Have any of the situations in @ happened to you? Change the sentences so that they are true for you. Tell your partner about the situation and what happened. Ask each other questions to find out more details. Pronunciation Has the plane taken off? 1 @ 823 Listen to the examples. Notice the stress on the adverbipreposition of a phrasal verb. a. My car has broken down. b We've put the meeting off, 2 @ 94 Listen tothe sentences, Mark the adverbs/prepositions that are stressed. 1 What time do you usually get up? 2. Did you turn on the TV? 3. Shall I turn it off? 4 Could you fill in this form? 5. They've managed to put the fire out. I've just sorted out the problem. What time did they set off? Complete the rules. Write stressed or unstressed. ‘+ The adverb/preposition of a phrasal verb which doesn’t take an object is * The adverbypreposition of a phrasal verb which takes an object is, ‘when itis separated from the verb, and when itis nor separated. @ 94 Listen again, Repeat each sentence twice quietly to yourself after the tape. UNITS @ 9596 @ UNITS ° Urban living Work in groups. 1 Look at the photographs. What problems do you associate with urban living? Can you add any to the list? + crowded living conditions + not enough services and facilities e.g. health care and schools) + high rents for businesses + inadequate sanitation + shortage of affordable accommodation for key workers 2. Do any of these problems occur in your town or city? Work in pairs. 1 Describe the place where you live to your partner, e.g. the kind of ommodation, the number of rooms, the size of the rooms, any special features. 2. Which of these features do you think a youmust have b it would be nice if you had © you can live without: + abed + wellinsulated walls + a shower allarge kitchen + abath ‘+ modern furniture and fittings © high ceilings * polished wooden floors + abalcony with anice view _* space to entertain friends + plenty of natural light (e.g. for a dinner party) Look at this plan of a ‘microflar, which provides accommodation in a city centre. 1 What rooms and features are there? 2. Which type of person do you think itis suitable for? 3. Would you like to live init? Before reading the article Liv live in a shop window and why. in a shop window, discuss who you think would Now read the article and answer the questions. 1 Whereis the microfl 2 Which type of person isthe microflat designed to help? 3. Which of the features in @ does the microflat have?i i O well-insulated to keep heat in and noise out, and the interiors shop Window 222c2arem sce high house prices. The price of the flat will be about a quarter of an ordinary one-bedroom flat 24-year-old bank clerk has begun a week-long stay ina Onlookers were divided on the attractions of living in a ‘microflat’ specially constructed in a shop window on, shop window. Marka Peake, 14, waited two hours to see the London's Oxford Street. A small crowd cheered as Warren flat revealed —with its glistening stainless steel kitchen and Bevis arrived, suitcase in hand, for his experiment in cheap _polished wooden floors. ‘It’s cool. I'd love to doit if was sure inner-city living. ‘'m really looking forward to living here, __ you couldn’ be seen in the bathroom,’ he said. Student he announced cheerfully. Corine Smith wasn’t so convinced. ‘Do I want to live ina glass ‘The event is aimed at promoting a way of allowing young _box? Twenty-four hours a day — eating, sleeping, and washing people and key workers to beat rising real estate prices. in front of the whole of Oxford Street? No way, she said. “There's enough space for Warren to invite friends round for _But, who knows ~ it may be the answer to housing a dinner party,’ said Richard Conner, of Piercy Conner, problems for lots of young working people in cities architects ofthe flat. ‘He can even puta friend up for the throughout the world. night ithe wants!” Organizers insist that the living window-display in Selfridges store is not another reality-TV show. ‘This sort of ‘micro-living has been happening in countries like Japan for several years, but it hasn't happened here before. The aim is tohelp young professionals get a foot on the property ladder,’ Conner told Reuters on Monday. “The microflat is about two-thirds of the size of the average London flat. But everything's been resized so it doesn't feel very small,’ he said of the 32-square-metre fat. Features include a double bedroom, a tiny pod witha toilet and shower, some storage space, and a kitehervliving room, with access to a small balcony. Ceilings are high (2.8 m) to introduce natural lighting and a feeling of space, the walls are © _ Read the article again and complete the table. | Who are they? |_ what's ther opinion ofthe microtat? 1 Warren Bevis 2 Richard Conner 3 Hélene Cacace 4 Marka Peake 5 Corine Smith © Work in groups and discuss these questions. 1 Is there a problem finding enough affordable accommodation for young working people in the cities of your country? 2 Would the microflat solution be a good idea in your country? 3. What other ways of solving city centre accommodation problems can you think of? UNITs @ 27e 92 @ UNITS Writing emails Work in pairs. 1 Have you ever written emails in English? Ifo, what problems did you have? 2 What are the similarities and differences between the language used in emails, letters, and phone communication? Look at the phrases in the box. 1. Are they from an email, a letter, or a phone conversation? (Note they could be from more than one.) 2. Are they formal, informal, or neutral? 3 Are they used at the start or the end of the email? Dear Rosa twas good to talk to you the other day. Hi Bric Tcan’t talk to you right now. See you later. Bye. Yours sincerely Kind regards OK, T'llsce you soon, Dear Mr van Els Is that you Claire? look forward to hearing from you. Cc. Marketing Manager I'm looking forward to seeing you at the weekend. Get back to me asap. Read the email from Rosa Lanson to Maria Fe trip to Spain, ando concerning her research 1. What is the purpose of the email? 2. Who else will read the email? 3. What information does Rosa want from Maria? From Ey Eton Research tip to Span Hi Maria It was good to see you for lunch the other day. | | thought I'd just give you a few details of our itinerary in case you've got any last-minute suggestions. * 2nd May ~ San Sebastian: interview the chef we wrote to «4th May Sevile: tapas bar, convent where confectionery made (possibly visit Jerez) | + 7th May - Valencia?: try paella valenciana ‘©. 8th May ~ Barcelona: meet your friend; visit tapas bars and vineyards © 11th May -returm Also, do you have any idea what she might lke as a present? Could you get back to me asap? We've only got a few days left! Regards Rosa Can you forward me the contact dtals of your end in Barcelona? Sree ter REE SSeS A SSISSEE SESS CEASE SREE CSREES IES SEES SEEREEESSeTEES SCSI ESES RSet TRCE EE ESESEI ESSE LEOOnEELOEESST AIRES CoE eee ee ECL oP eLSeeneseae LL EESELOS Coen© Read the list of email guidelines. 1 Identify examples of good practice in Rosa's email to Maria Email guidelines > Clearly state the purpose of the email > Make sure the subject line is updated each time you reply > Copy in any relevant people > Don't use capitals (it's ike shouting) > Personalize the greeting and reply in the same style > Get to the point quickly (keep social ‘chat’ brief) > Use short sentences > Make sure grammar and spelling are accurate > Abbreviations are acceptable (if you're sure the reader understands them) > se bullet points and headings 2. Are the guidelines the same in your country and your language? Work in pairs. Write the following emails, 1. The Travel agent to Rosa, confirming details ofa flight change (and where to collect the tickets at the airport) 2. Rosa to Eric, arranging where to meet for the trip to the airport. 3. Rosa (in Spain) to her husband, Colin, telling him how the trip is going. Work in groups of four or five. Sit in a circle. You are going to write short emails from Rosa Lanson to some of the following people or companies: * Piet van Els Brie Carlin a restaurant or food producer in another country atravel agent the production department of NMP a friend of Rosa’s the owner of a specialist food shop Choose one of the people and start an email from Rosa related to the subject of The food and drink project’. Only write the headings (From, To, Date, Cc, Subject). 2. Pass your email to the person on your left. Write the next stage of the email you receive from the person on your right (greeting and social chat, if appropriate) 3. Continue passing the emails round, adding one stage at a time in the following order: the purpose of the email, the main message (including bullet points), any questions you have, a quick closing summary and final ‘signature’. 4 The last person to receive each email should check it, and then put it up on the wall for other groups to read. units @U i NIT 10 Transitions o Look at the photographs. AGENDA Present Perfect simple and Present Perfect Continuous Time phrases > Job descriptions file. Collocation. Word:building Getting your ideal job Describing a process Interviewing techniques L What happened in Russia in 1991? 2 What do you know about economic and political developments in Russia since 1991? e Match the words in A with the definitions in B. official document that shows permission to do, own, or use something reduction in value, e.g. when a currency’s exchange rate falls economic system based on the principle of buying and selling goods for profit a complicated system of official rules and ways of doing things A B 1 co-operative a 2 entrepreneur business owned and run by the staff 3. devaluation supplies of coal, oil, wood, etc 4 marketeconomy $ bureaucracy e 6 shopping mall £ (AmE) a group of shops under one roof, closed to traffic 7 natural resources g 8 licence ha person who makes money by starting a business ——] The ‘second ussian revolution’ Ina recent survey of the Forty richest people aged under 40, five ofthe ten richest people came from Russia. This ‘may seem surprising for @ country that spent most of the last century under communist rule. But anyone who has been following developments in Russia since the fal of communism in 1994 won't be too surprised, Even before 1991 itwas legal for people to start private ‘companies and cooperatives. Since then the values of capitalism and a market economy have been emerging. In the mid:1990s, Russia's vast state oll and mining companies were sold off and mary young entrepreneurs took the opportunity to start successful businesses. These companies have now expanded into other areas of industry, such as banking, telecommunications, retal, and the arts. At the same time, the number of smaller businesses. has increased dramatically. More money has been ‘coming into the economy. The devaluation of the rouble 100 @ UNIT 10 after the 1998 economic crisis actually helped to promote a mini-boom., Real wages fell, which encouraged small enterprises to expand. Imports became too expensive for the average Russian, so local production increased. As a result, @ new middle class has emerged with money to spend on consumer goods. It's all part of | the new market economy. | Intemational companies have also been investing in Russia since the fall of communism. Companies like McDonald's, Rolls Royce, Ferrari, and IKEA have opened | businesses such as shops, showrooms, and factories. Russian entrepreneurs themselves have made significant investments outside Russia - for example Roman ‘Abramovich, who has invested some of his fortune in the London football club Chelsea, {AS one observer put it: ‘The speed of what's been happening in Russia since 1991 is remarkable ~ in many \ways they've seen a “second Russian revolution”. i© Read the article The ‘second Russian revolution’ and answer the questions. 1 When did the communist system fall in Russia? 2. When did private companies and co-operatives become legal? 3. What event in the mid-1990s helped young entrepreneurs to emerge? 4 What effect did the devaluation of the rouble have in 1998? 5 Which international companies have invested in Russia? 6 Can you name one Russian entrepreneur who has invested outside Russia? 7 Do you think the changes represent a ‘second Russian revolution’? © G@ 1041 Listen to the frst part of an interview wich Lennart Dahlgren, the General Director of the Russian section of the Swedish furniture and home furnishings company IKEA, Complete the factsheet. 2 First store opened: 7 ale 3. Number of stores at pr 4 Yeartsales: © G 104 Listen again and complete extracts 1-4 1 Mr Dahlgren, IKEA ‘in Russia for several years, and you arrived at the start. How long — ___"in Russia? I “since 1998. That's when IKEA ____ ae operations ia Rusia, 2 How many stores ” We __*five stores so far, and we * several large shopping malls in the last few years. 3 Consumer demand __* steadily since we the first store. 4 We ____*the percentage of our global supply that comes from Russia for a number of years, We several factories throughout Russia ~ near St Petersburg, Moscow, and Karelia, © > G& 102 Listen to the second part of the interview. 1 What two problems has IKEA faced in Russia? 2 Who are IKEA’s management training progeammes designed to help? @ G@ 12 Listen again and complete extracts 1 and 2. 1 But bureaucratic problems fewer recently. For example, the Government ____ the number of licences that are needed for a new company to set up. 2 However, we __a number of things in the time we —________ here. We __ management training programmes to help new Russian entrepreneurs. We to show how a modern company has to work to survive in the international market. UNIT 10 @ 101102 @ UNIT 10 Grammar quiz Read these sentences from the article and the interview, and answer the questions below. a Young entrepreneurs took the opportunity to start successful businesses. b Imports became too expensive for the average Russian. ¢ Consumer demand has been growing steadily. d We've opened five stores so far € Why do you think it’s been successful? 1 2 3 4 Which sentences refer to a period of time completely in the past? ‘Which sentences refer to a period of time from the past to the present? What are the full forms of We've opened and it’s been in sentences d and ¢? Match the verbs in the sentences with the tenses: Past Simple, Present Perfect Simple, Present Perfect Continuous. Present Perfect Simple and Present Perfect Continuous Read the sentences and answer the questions. 4 International companies have also been investing in Russia since the fall of communism. 'b Companies like McDonald’, Rolls Royce, Ferrari, and IKEA, have ‘opened businesses such as shops, showrooms, and factories. How long have you been living in Russia? Pve been living here since 1998. How many stores have you established? ‘We've opened five stores so far, and we've also built several large shopping malls in the last few years. Bureaucratic problems have been getting fewer recently. “The government has reduced the number of licences that are needed for a new company to set up. Which sentences focus on the result or completion of the action? Which sentences focus on the activity itself? Which sentences are in the Present Perfect Simple and which are in the Present Perfect Continuous? 4 Find other examples of the Present Perfect Simple and Present Perfect Continuous in the article, and in 10.1 and 10.2 on p. 140. Why is the simple or the continuous form used? YA voxyp. 2415 Time phrases Complete the gaps in the following groups of time phrases with for, in, or since. fo ae the fall of communism 1998 ‘we opened the first store 2 several years, anumber of years 3 the mid-1990s the last few years ‘other time phrases in the text and interview extracts. QY Peake: Bo0kp.sPractice e Complete the sentences with either the Present Perfect Simple or the Present Perfect Continuous of the verb in brackets. 1 How long have you (work) in China? 21 (work) here for two years. 3. Ourcompany (invest) in China for several years 4 We (open) ten shops in Beijing and Shanghai, but we (not move) into southern 5. You look tired. What have you 61 (write) a report all day, 7 Have you (finish) the report 8 Notyet.I (write) abour two-thirds 9 He (study) accounts management for six months. 10 He (not learn) how to do spreadsheets, 11 Has the computer (crash) again? Ie (do) that all week. Complete the following article. Use the most appropriate tense of the verb in brackets: Past Simple, Present Perfect Simple, or Present Perfect Continuous, In the 19905, as many as one million young Russians a _(go) abroad to look for better ‘opportunities. But in the new millennium, people like Pavel Doshlov and Tatyana Leonova ea Tis (decide) to return to the ‘new’ Russia. Pavel is a 28-year-old economist, currently living in Budapest. ‘Tm back in Russie on holiday at the moment. 1 "travel abroad in 1996 to study. I (see) alot of the world. I ea * dive) in China, England, and Hungary. (work) in Budapest for the last year. But ” (arrive) here a month ago, I alu (make) a decision to move back to Russia. Somuch —_ _* (change) since lived here before. I's exciting, dynamic, and there's so much region. ‘T____ (come back) two years ago and I "(not regret) it.I im (work) for Nestlé for two years. I'm very happy with my job Fe ‘and my standard of living.1 already, - (have) three promotions, and recently y (move) into an apartment in the centre of Moscow. Last Sid yeo.1____*(win)anaward as Young businesswoman of the yea” 1 Work in groups. Prepare a questionnaire on work and jobs, or studies. Write six questions to find out about other student's experiences, Examples How many different jobs have you had? What books have you been studying recently? 2. Use the questionnaire to interview a student from another group. 3. Report back to the class. UNIT 10 @ 103Job descriptions file. Collocations. Word-building © Work in pairs. Discuss the questions 1 Do you enjoy your job? What keeps you motivated? 2. How can employers motivate their staff? @ Read the article Morale boosting. Find ways in which staff can be motivated. Example create a sociable ¢ ronment ‘Amotivated workforce isa great business asset that can help you get ahead of the competition. Consider what motivates your staff. This could be the opportunity for new challenges. You may need to create a more sociable environment or encourage a feeling of satisfaction for ajob well done and recognition by peers. Initially, some people may shove resistance to change. But this wll disappear i you explain why you are changing things and if you make it clear what your expectations are and the contributions you are looking for from your employees. There are some particular ways you can do this. People enjoy trying to reach a ‘goal or exceed a target. However, goals and targets must be agreed with the employee, not imposed from above. There should also be a clear reward associated with achieving the goal Tis might be public praise for a job ‘well done, promotion to a more senior role, ora pay bonus. Regular feedbacks essential. This could be formal appraisal sessions, 1s well as informal comment on current work and achievements. Criticism should not be avoided if itis necessary. Staff who feel that ‘one individual is getting away with poor performance can quickly become demotivated. Dismissing persistent poor performers generally boosts the morale of co-workers. Bonus schemes can be set up in ways that link final pay to individual ‘or team performance. To be effective, goals must be clearly defined, achievable but not too easy, and set for specified periods. Bonuses are particularly relevant fr sales-related roles, Some employees may be highly ‘motivated by basic pay if there isa high bonus element. In general, staf need to believe thatthe salaries paid to themselves and colleagues are fait. © _ Does your company, or a company you know, use any of these techniques? Ifo, are they successful? Ifnot, do you think they could be successful at your company? @ Make the verbs in the box into nouns by adding the appropriate suffix: ment, “tion, -ance, or -al. Write the nouns inthe correct columns inthe table. Check meanings and spellings ina dictionary agree commit disappear expect —_perform appear contribute dismiss_-—explain—_promote appraise. define. encourage improve _—_resist assist develop _ establish pay__satisfy | -tion 104 @ UNIT 10Pronunciation 1 @ 102 Listen to the different stress patterns of the three words. see see sees a performance —b encouragement ¢ satisfaction 2 @ 104 Mark the stress pattern of the following words. Write a, b, or ¢. 1 appearance | ___ 5 establishment 8 improvement 2 definition = 6 expectation 9 promotion 3 development 7 explanation = ___ 10 resistance 4 dismissal = 3 G 104 Listen again and say each word twice quietly to yourself 4 What do you notice about the stress pattern of the words that end in -tion? 5 Are there any other patterns in the way these nouns are stressed? Look at the other words in @ to help you. © Complete the sentences with one of the nouns from the table in @. 1 Iwant to feel I'm doing something useful, so job is important for me. 2 want to progress in my career, oT want a job with opportunities for 3 [sometimes lack confidence, so any ‘my managers and colleagues can give me is very important. 4 want to find out what my managers think of my performance, so I think a staff scheme i very important. © 1 Make the nouns in the box into adjectives by adding an appropriate suffix. Choose adventure from -able, ing, -y,-ous, ful Check the meaning and spelling in a dictionary. challenge danger health 1 Complete the tabi profit o aan 2. Mark the stress pattern of each adjective. reward value wealth, 2. Mark the stress pattern of each word. Then check in a dictionary. © Match the words in A and B to make compounds and collocations. A B full-time experience annual employment careers pay flexible workforce job appraisal keyboard hours motivated advice profit-related. satisfaction formal salary work skills © Work in groups. 1 List as many positive job/career characteristics as you can. Examples new challenges, regular feedback, profit-related pay 2 In your opinion, what are the five most important characteristics of a job? UNIT 10 @ 105Clare and Albert think they do. Getting your ideal job © Read the quotes from Clare and Albert. 1 What jobs do they have? 2. Why do they like their jobs? Do you have your ideal job? Clare Montgomery, from Scotland: ‘I'm the marketing manager for ‘big international company: 1 love my job~ I get to use my training, travel, and I meet people from all over the world. 1 ove working with people from other cultures, and understanding their way of doing business. [like winning new clients - I've signed three big contracts this year already!’ Albert Lerus, from France: ’ “‘Tworked as achef in a successful restaurant until 2002, That's when I won the lottery, But didn't want tostop working. Instead Thought (Y the restaurant from my boss and Tvebeen runningiiteversince. + Tvealso opened some other restaurants. Ti still a chef and still do everything in my business, My life is cooking. I couldn't be happier” | e ° Work in pairs. Answer the questions about your job, 1 Have you been doing interesting and exciting things over the last year? 2. Have you achieved everything you wanted to over the last year? 3 Do you want to be doing the same job in five years’ time? 4 Is everything exactly how you wantit in your job? Read the title and opening quotation from an article giving careers advice on finding your ideal job. What advice and information do you think the article will give on the following questions? 1 What do you want work to do for you? 2. What do you have to offer? 3, Where can you look for your ideal job? 4 What’s involved in the application process? Read the article and check your answers in @ Finding your ideal job — it’s all about Firstly, what do you want work to do for you? | Be prepared to ask yourself deep and direct questions about what you really want from a career, Right now, you might be thinking that all you want is a big salary or to do something ‘worthwhile, But is that really what will motivate you on adaily basis? Looking for a career is like looking for a new partner - your life goals need to match. Ask yourself what you want 106 @ UNIT 10 from life, You will need to analyse yourself closely: put yourself and your lifestyle preferences under the microscope. Think about what you enjoy doing the most with your time. Take a look around you— note down particular Jobs and fields that inspire you. ‘Secondly, what do you have to offer? ‘Any sales rep will tell you that you have to know your product inside out to sell it effectively. In job-hunting, the produet is YOU. Youneed to identify your strengths and weaknesses. Asking close friends can be one way, but you. have to be sure they're being honest. ‘Think about achievementsand successes, you've had, and analyse what you did to make them happen. Do the same for failures and disappointments. Decide if any of your weaknesses will get in the way of your perfect job. If they will, then set about addressing your ‘weaknesses immediately.1 2 3 4 do something worthwhile put your lifestyle preferences tunder the microscope know your product inside out set about addressing your weaknesses immediately each other. Explain the meaning of these expressions from the article 5 look atthe bigger picrure 6 seize the opportunity 7 tailor your CV 8 first and foremost Work in pairs. Discuss the questions and advice in the article, and ery them out on Examples What do you enjoy doing most with your time? What achievements and successes have you had? Work in pairs ‘What was the last interview you had? 2. What type of questions and tasks were you given? @ 105 Listen to the first part of an interview with Rob Yeung, a business psychologist, talking about how to succeed at job interviews. Answer the questions 1 How have job interviewers changed recently, according to Rob? 2 What does he say is the purpose of each of the following interview questions, 1 3 4 and how should you answer them? a Could you tell me what sort of animal you'd like to bs b Do you know how many cars there are in Australia ¢ Would you mind if I recorded this interview? © 106 Listen to the second part of the interview. Answer the questions. What three interview assessment tasks does Rob Yeung mention? What skills is the in-tray exercise designed to test? What three piles does Rob Yeung recommend applicants separate the in-tray information into? Which job appli a akeyboard exercise? b amemory test? nts might be given these tests What questions can an applicant be asked to test memory? What does Rob Yeung think is the most important piece of advice to give someone going for a job interview? Do you agree? I you were recruiting someone for your own job (or ajob that you know wel) what interview questions and tests or tasks would you set? What would be the ideal answers? you The next question: where can you find the ideal job? ‘The ideal job won't just suddenly arrive ~ you'll have to work hard to find it, There are the traditional ways: newspaper advertisements, trade press, company websites, internet searches, ‘and recruitment agencies. But also look at the bigger picture. The best, most fulfilling jobs often come to those who spot opportunities before they are advertised. Look around you. What trends have been happening in the UA See eo ei Re ae red cd ee ea eeu eee eet industry or sector you're interested in? What changes and developments are going to happen? How can you be part of them? Don't be frightened to seize the opportunity itmay change your life for the better. And finally: what's involved in the application process? ‘The different stages of applying for ajob are fairly well-known: prepare a basic CY, research the job details and ‘company background, tailor your CV, write a personalized covering letter, send it ... and then start preparing for the interview. However, the important thing to remember is that each stage is an opportunity for you to show your potential employer what you can offer. One final piece of advice: enjoy the process. If you're enjoying it, then there's more of you involved — and that ideal job is first and foremost about ‘YOU. UNIT 10 @ 107Describing a process. Interviewing techniques Describing a process @ 107 Listen to Eric Carlin interviewing Javier Pérez, a sherry producer in Spain, Tick T (true), or F (false) Sherry is produced in several different areas of Spain. Nearly chree-quarters of the production is exported, Britain is the biggest export marker today. Most of the big sherry companies are Spanish-owned. 00000 + OOO00= 5 The sherry producers want to attract younger markets. @ 108 Listen toa later part ofthe interview. Answer the questions 1 In which row of barrels in the solera is the oldest wine? 2. How long does it take for a premium sherry to progress through the solera aoe (Gr © Work in pairs. Use the verbs in the box to complete the following extract from the lhe | interview. Use the appropriate passive form of the verb for describing a process. | keep ieee forbotting, it from the barrels ach nthe bottom row, and thes bares wit an equal amount of tae wine fom the next row up. Then, the bares on that row sup ice with wine from the row above and that process continues unt the top rom wp | "inal atthe end ofthe process, new wine ' — to the barrels on the top row. In this way, the characteristics of the older wine by the younger wine and the quality ofthe wine * consistent, © G 108 Listen again, Check your answers. @ _ Number the stages below to show the correct order in which olive oil is made. The making of olive oil [5] a After that we take the olives to an olive press. Before pressing the olives ‘we wash them and remove the leaves. [7] b Wesspread alarge net or canvas sheet under the olive tree, and we shake the tree to make the olives fall ¢ Then we collect the olives and put them into large baskets. We harvest the olives at the end of autumn. ‘© We make virgin olive oil from the first pressing. To qualify as virgin olive oil, we have to press the olives within seventy-two hours of harvesting. ee ee! f Weuse two types of olive press:the preparatory press, which we use to extract the first oil from the olives,and the final press, which we use to press the olives more thoroughly. [2] & Werefine and blend the oil which we obt the final pressing, and then sel it as Blended olive 08 @ UNITWork in pairs. Write a description of how olive oil is produced. Use the passiv 1e verb to describe the stages in the production process. Begin The ol Interviewing techniques Read the interview questions and phrases Eric uses in his interview with Javie Pérez. Add other interview questions and phrases you know under the appropriate headings. Introducing atopic [Asking for clarification Could Istart by asking you about ...? By (DO Could we talk about... ? pr do you mean (the wine Checking understanding Showing understanding So (all sherry comes from this area Yes, understand. So if (70% is exported), then (on Isee. Thank you, 30% is drunk in Spal Thanking ion Thank you very much, (Seftor Pére2). ot of th Asking for more inform Now imagine (a jerryis Tes been most inte ting. Yousa Could you explain in what way Earlier (you referred to ...). Could you ed). Is that the case? describe how (the solera system wor Work in pairs. Give your partner an interesting topic, e.g. a leisure interes foreign travel, etc. Make a list of questions about this topic, then interview himvher. Answer your partner's questions, UNIT 10 @ 1Seana U NIT 11 ee & Critical incidents ssh a © Work in groups. Discuss the questions. 1 What cross-cultural problems do companies face when they work with companies from other countries? 2. Can you give any examples of cross-cultural problems from your own Work in pairs. Discuss the questions. 1 What problems could there be in these three situations? a parent company investigating a serious mistake by an employee at one of its subsidiaries in another country b two companies of different nationalities competing for a sales contract in a third country © a foreign employee who, by chane at the weekend neets his boss shopping with his family 2. Match situations a Cra CASE STUDY 2 c above with case studies 1-3. A British company and a Swedish ‘An Australian employee was working in company were competing for a sales Germany. One Saturday, he saw the German contract in Argentina. The British sales Director ofthe company in a car showroom in team knew their product was superior. the city centre. The Director was with his famiy They went to Argentina, gave a very good | and was trying to buy a car. He was having modern presentation, and returned to the | some problems deciding which model to buy. UK the next day, confident that they had The employee knew about that particular car won the contract. The Swedish sales team | because he had jst bought one himself He spent a week in Argentina and didn’t talk | _had only met the Director once before and was about the product for the fist five days. | keen to make a good impression, so he walked Instead, they used the firs five days to into the showroom, smiled, and sai Hi, Mr get to know the Argentinian company. It | Langer. Is this your wife and children? Nice to was only on the last day that they ‘meet you. I can see you're having afew introduced their produc. Even though it | problems. Pethaps I can help. The important was less attractive and slightly higher | thing to know is how many kilometres you priced than the British product, they got need to drive in an average week. The Director | ‘the contract. The disappointed leader of | didn’t look pleased, and after a quick "Thank | ‘the British sales team later asked, ‘What | you’, he walked out with his family following | did we do wrong?” | ocind. The amazed Australian later asked, commmemmeememmmmrmner ‘What did | do wrong?’ CASE STUDY 3 so rea aniag epaemmer ‘An American boss was sent to look into a serious mistake made by a Japanese worker The mistake happened at the Japanese subsidiary of a US multinational company. During production, a machine component had been inserted upside down and the entre batch was lost. The cost of this was very high. The boss insisted on finding out exacty which worker had made the mistake. The Japanese production manager said he didn't know but thatthe entre team would take responsibility Despite this, the American boss continued her enquiries until eventually she discovered the individual responsible. She gave a public warning tothe worker and made sure that he wes closely monitored in future. ‘if hadn't done ths’ she explained, the rest of the workforce would have thought it's acceptable to make mistakes, and production would have become ess efficient’ However as a result of her actions, production actually ot worse, not better. The frustrated American boss later asked, ‘What did I do wrong?”© _ What do you think they dd wrong in each situation? What advice or explanation would you give to the British team leader, the Australian employee, and the © G14 Listen oan expert on cross-cultural communication giving his advice and analysis 1 Match analyses ac with case studies 1-3, 2. Do you agree with his advice? © @ 111 Listen again and complete extracts 1-3, 1 The Australian employee “a little more formal, and he to be introduced to the Director's family. Also, he that he knew more than his boss about cars, especially in front of his family. I "for the Director to speak to him, he “for his opinion. That way, he ‘a good impression. 2 She * the worker in public. It ‘ifshe the facts, expressed her concern, and then let them deal with it themselves. The Japanese production team “the worker responsible, and made sure he didn’t make mistakes inthe future. 3 They * more time to get to know the company. They 1 80 quickly to the business side of things. Also, perhaps they were over confident. Ifthey 4 good personal relationship with their Potential clients, the British sales team "the contract. nal should have (done)/shouldn’t Read the examples and answer the questions. eral © If he'd waited for the Director to speak to Read the examples and answer the questions. him, he might have asked for his opinion. © He should have waited to be introduced. © Itwould have been better if she'd just found our the facts © Ifthey'd built up a good personal relationship with their potential clients, the British sales 1 Did he wait to be introduced? 2 Did he do the right thing? ® She shouldn't have criticized the worker in public. team would have won the contract. 1 Did she criticize the worker in public? 1 What time does the 3rd Conditional refer to, 2. Did she do the right thing? present or past? Complete the rules. 2. Which tense is used in the if clause? * Weuse andthe ___ form of the verb 3. Which form of the verb follows would when something was the best thing to do, but havelmight have in the result clause? the subject didn't do it. 4 What is the difference in meaning between + Weuse andthe __ form of the verb would have and might have? when the subject did the wrong thing. QP reevo.kop. +5 Q Pocket Book p. 15 UN@ Work in pairs. What did these people do wrong? Write sentences using should have and shouldn't have. Give a reason why you think the action was wrong. 1 A businessman visiting a company in Saudi Arabia offered his business card with his left hand. Example He shouldn't have offered it with bis left hand. He should have used bis right hand, The left hand is considered unclean. 2 A tourist didn’t take his shoes off when he went into a temple in India. 3A tired businesswoman travelling on the metro in Seoul yawned loudly without putting her hand over her mouth. 4 A British boss scheduled dinner for a visting Spanish delegation at 6 p.m. 5. A Chinese visitor with a cold kept sniffing during a meeting in the US. 6 Awoman sat next to a Buddhist monk on a crowded bus in Thailand. 7 Ahotel guest in Finland went into the hotel sauna wearing shorts and a tee-shirt. 8 A European diner in Japan left his chopsticks sticking up out of a bowl of rice when he'd finished eating, 112 @ unit Pronunciation 1G 112 Listen to these two sentences from the expert’s advice in @ again, Note the pronunciation of should have and shouldn't have. a He should have waited to be introduced. b They shouldn’t have rushed so quickly. 2 Repeat the sentences. Practise the other should sentences in @ (11.1 0n p. 141), 3 G@ M2 Listen to this 3rd Conditional sentence. Note the stressed words and the rhythm. . . . . If they'd built up a good relationship, they would have won the contract. 4 Practise saying these sentences. 1 Ifthey’d done more research, they wouldn’t have made the mistake. 2 Ifthey hadn't been over-confident, they wouldn't have lost the 3. Ifthey’d spent longer in the country, they would have understood the culture. @ Complete the sentences. Say what you would or might have (done). 1 1fTd had a day off last week, — 2 FPA got a bonus last month, 3 IfPd chosen a different career 4 If Thadn't decided to learn English, — 5 If Pd been born a different nationality, 6 IfP'dknown about i© Read the memo and the article about the company Comptek. What mistakes did the company make? What should they have done? Example Comptek didn’t follow their own advice They should have followed their own advi MEMO TO ALL STAFF I saw this story in a magazine, Can you believe it?! Karl Svensson The computer distribution company that got its IT security wrong Comptek were responsible for advising thetr clients on aspects of computer hardware and software, including security and anti-virus protection. But it turns out the company ‘weren't following their own advice. crashed regularly, operational time was slowed, and orders were lost. But the real disaster struck with the latest, international ‘worm’ virus, Within seconds of an ‘employee opening the attachment on one of his For astart, they didn’t have a proper firewall to protect their own servers. They hadn't even installed some of the basic anti-virus software they stocked themselves. On top of this, they emails, the whole system was down, the main database was destroyed, and the virus was being sent out to all the addresses on the Comptek mailing lists. Luckily for most of the had a relaxed attitude to staff sending personal emails, and downloading files and programmes from the Internet. Asa result of this, the system. recipients, they had already installed the correct protection, It was too late for Comptok however they went out of business overnight! @) eet peice Disc eee tego 1 Make 3rd Conditional sentences with would and might about Comptek Example If they had followed their own advice, they might have avoided the damaging effects of the ‘worm’ virus. 2. Have you ever made any mistakes when using computers, such as forgetting to make a back-up copy of a document? What were the consequences? © _ Work in pairs. Ask and answer questions about important decisions you've made in your life, eg, about your studies, career, etc. Say how your life would have been different if you had made different decisions UNITH @ 113,RD ° e ‘cubtural katara ag owl bore raun-1 connected with the culture ‘ofa particular society oF group, is ‘eustoms, beliefs ete ‘cl-ture Pkaltfyy noun 4 [U) the customs and beliefs, art, way of life and social organization of a particular country or group, “eulture shock noun [CU] a feling ‘of confusion and amity that sb tay el when they lve ino vst fer country (remasinuon Oxford dvoned — @ Learners Diconary Wveison 19431 60s 02008) 114 @ unin . Confus Culture g words. Dictionary skills (3) Work in pairs. Which of the types of culture listed below do you think influences you most? Types of culture When we use the word culture we do not just mean national culture, but the whole range of different ypes of culture, These include: corporate culture (for example, the culture of Microsof) professional culture (for example, the culture of lawyers or doctors) gender (he different cultures of men and women) cage (the different cultures of young, middle-aged, and elderly people) religious culture (for exemple, Catholicism, Protestantism, Islam) regional culture (for example, Northern and Southern Italy) class culture (working class, middle class, and upper class) From Inernational Business Communication by Rober! Gibson 2002 Read the dictionary extracts and complete the sentences with the correct word or phrase. ‘cultured /atfod; name tSord od ‘multi-cultural jmaltealtforo af “1 (of people) well educated and for or including people of several able to understand and enjoy art, slfferent races, religions, languages Tierature, et land traditions 1 A lot of problems in international business are caused by differences and misunderstandings. She's an extremely woman and knows a lot about literature and art. ‘Asa journalist on the new magazine for teenagers you'll need to have a good understanding of youth 4 [come froma city with lots of people from different countries and different religions. 5 When [first went to China, I suffered from : everything was so different. ‘Work in pairs. Discuss the questions. 1. Have you ever experienced culture shock? 2. Do you think of yourself asa cultured person? 3. Isthe city or country where you live multicultural? 4 How would you define the culture of + your country’ * your age group? * your region? + your place of work or study? Work in groups. Do you think that the place where you work has a corporate culture? Discuss these questions. Use a dictionary to check the meaning of the underlined words and phrases. 1 Is your working environment open-plan, ot are there separate offices and work-stations? 2 Does the management operate an open-door policy? 3 Are most policy decisions made by individuals at senior level, or are they collective, with consultation of all staff? 4 Isthere an organigram of your company and staff structure? Does it show a hierarchical approach? 5. Do you work mainly in teams or as individuals? 6 Does your company employ secretaries or administrators? 7. Are you encouraged to see new tasks as problems or challenges? 8 Istherea dress-code or a dress-down day? Describe the main features of your corporate culture to students from other groups. Compare the differences.Confusing words Choose the correct word. 1 The meeting started promptly because there was a long agendalitinerary! schedule to get through. 2. Halfway through, we adjournedicancelled!postponed the meeting for coffee 3 Sorry, I can’t make 10 o’clock tomorrow. I’ve got a doctor's meetin appointmentlarrangement. 4 Mycollea sues were arguing so much that I had to interceptlinterfere 5. Have you seen the weather forecast/planiprediction? 6 T’ve got an exam tomorrow, so I need to reviewlrehearselrevise tonight Write sentences using the words you didn’t choose in @). Use a dictionary to (itr In the sentences below, one word is not correct. Identify the word and replace it with the correct word. 1 Hewas so angry with the decision that he retired immediately 2. Thad to work hardly to get the job finished on time 3. She makes a good counsellor because she’s o sensible to people's problems. 4 After we'd got on the train, the inspector controlled everyone's ticket. 5. The directors accused the bad exchange rate for the fal in profits. 6 Despite loosing some of our best sales staff, we hed our targets. 7. His raise from the position of Sales Assistant to Chief Executive in less than five years was spectacular. 8 There's an opportunity that I might be asked to go to Hong Kong for a conference Work in groups. Choose two of these word groups and discuss the questions. salary, wage, earnings b recruit, employ, apply ¢ student, trainee, pupil answer, feedback, reply € staff, workforce, employees f make redundant, dismiss, lay off 1 Whats the difference between each of the three words? Use a dictionary to help you. 2 Write s 3. Explain the differences between the words to students from another group. wtences to show the difference Work in groups, Discuss the questions. 1 Have you ever confused a 2. What other words have you confused during this course? Look back at some of the previous units. 3. Are there any words in your own language that seem similar to English words but have a different meaning alse friends’)? 4 Are there any English words which are used in your language? Is the meaning different from the meaning in English: y of the words in this section? UNIT 1 @ 115,enhzD A tough choice @ Leah Pattison was recently awarded the title of ‘Woman of the Year’ for her charity work in India with women who have leprosy. Before you listen to an interview with her, discuss these questions. 1 What do you know about leprosy? 2. How do you think women suffering from leprosy in India are regarded? 3 What help do they need? @ 114 Listen to the frst part of the interview with Leah Pattison. Check your answers t0 O O14 List 1 Whatis the name of the charity Leah has co-founded? to the frst part again, Answer the questions. 2 Canall vietims of leprosy be cured? 3. Why do many women with leprosy hide their condition? 4 What did Leah study before she went to Indi 5 What job did she go to India to do? 6 What was her initial reaction to the leprosy patients, and how did it change? © GQ: Listen to the second part of the interview. What happened to Leah? What rough choice did she have to make? @ 115 Listen to the second part again and tick T (True) or F (False). es 1 Leah was worried she might catch leprosy. O 2 Leprosy is a difficult disease to catch. OL 3. Leah decided to return to the UK for treatment of 4 Leah found ita very tough choice to make. al 5. Her friend caught leprosy at the same time OO } 6 Leah made a full recovery. Og 7 Atfirst, the women patients are often difficult to communicate with. [_] [_] 8. The interviewer thinks Leah’s decision was very brave Oo © Work in groups. Discuss the questions. 1 What is your reaction to Leah Pattison’s story? Do you think you would have done the same as her? Would you have stayed and had the treatment in India? 2 What other charities do you know that help disadvantaged people? What are the needs of the people who the charities are trying to help? 3, Have you ever had to make a tough choice that affected a close friend or your family, either in a positive or a negative way? aBusiness correspondence @ Work in pairs. Do the correspondence quiz. Look at the letters to help you. Correspondence quiz 1. How many of the letters have a letterhead? What information does it contain? 2 How do you close a letter that begins Dear Sir or Madam? 3. How do you close a letter that begins with the recipient's name, e.g. Dear Claire, Dear Ms Lanson? 4 When do you use Ms before a woman’s name? 5. What do the following abbreviations mean? SL Aylston Rd London NW6 SPR Ms Lanson Project Director Network Multimedia Productions Network House 90Portland Terrace London W1A6RU 23 March 2005 Dear Ms Lanson ‘Thank you for your letter of 17 March. Tapologize for not replying sooner but [have just returned from holiday. Iwould be delighted to act as consultant for the Food and Drink in Spain programme in your new video project. The project sounds extremely interesting, and I will be very pleased to help youin any way Ican, Jam afraid I will not be able to meet you next week owing topriorcommitments, but Iwill be available during the first weok of Apri Tenclose acopy of my book A Taste of Spain, which Thope you will find useful Nook forward tomeeting you and Ericnext month, Yours sincerely Marla Ferrando Maria Ferrando NNR b no 6 Which expression is sometimes used to a business contact before closing? cple dpp Rd fr e t iS Executive Travel Services 28 Chiltern St I London W1M 2LH 1102074869740 «Fax 0207487 4432 MsC Hallan fie er [Network Multimedia Productions Network House 30 Portland Terrace London WiA 6RU 25 Apil 2005, Dear Cire Minden si ete Me RLananan ‘MrE Carlin. e Wl outback mat il beeing ee, Unfors eh sous Baas tote ds oanhaatona comenionaanopcar ia ‘ving contri tenga jase let me know if you require any information on hotels With best wishes Yours sincerely Jan Tate Jan Tate UNIT @ 11713 May 2005 ‘Dear Se Pérez a sure meeting y Bae ents igus som have age a an proerarn Jere ast ay ena rwasa pl seh of your time wuld like tol Ne and or gv wear ime for inclsion Spain. We will COP Spall view. filming the inte ds give our kind reg Please av wach foot Carlin and | very ™ MeCarlin to Seftor Corzon. soon. rel Your sincerely Rosa Lansen Lanson Rosa ee Project Direct pasos voce co 384 ; meta j 4 rimerview 2 ents" ize arrange! io ly to fal i forward to meeting i : pn ae to you again Berks SL7 2R1 MeSsages@welcophar.com Fax cover letter To: NMP. From: G Burnett Subject: Video order No of pages: 1 Dear Sir or Madam rate our telephone enquiry ‘would you please send us the following Video training courses Noofcopies — Coue Tide 1 RUBIN Sao Gime Skills at work 1 NMP 603 Doing business in other cultures 3 BME Go asherteg Your workforce Me would appreciate itt you cou Send us information about new. training ‘Purses 28 they become available Yours faithfutly ) McLaren PPG Burnett fiuman Resources Manager Weleo Pharmacouticas ple Date: 17 June 2005 | Wem@ Look at the standard phrases from business correspondence. Find more examples of standard phrases in the letters and fax on pp. 117-118, Use them to complete the table. Explaining the reason for writing Tam writing to | enquire about inform you that confirm Giving good news Tam pleased to inform you that .. : Lam delighted to tell you that .. Making reference With reference to your letter of... It was a pleasure meeting you 1g bad news Apologizing Tam sorry about... Enclosing documents Requesting ‘We would appreciate it if you could .. Closing remarks Please pass on my best wishes to... Agreeing to requests I would be delighted to . Explaining reasons Thisis | the result of .. dueto .. | Referring to future contact ‘We very much look forward to meeting you again Please contact us again if we can help in any way. 718. QPRAEAo. yr. © Work in pairs. Choose two of the following. 1 Write a fax to the Hotel Majestic, Passeig de Gracia 70, 08007 Barcelona, Fax: +34 93 215 77 73, confirming a reservation for Ms Lanson and Mr Carlin from 8-10 May. ‘Write letter to Mme Martine Granget, 95 Gloucester Place, London W1A. SSP, asking her if she would be willing to act as a consultant for the programme Food and drink in France. Describe briefly the aim and content of the series of programmes. Suggest a meeting to discuss the matter in more detail Write a letter to Piet van Els and Rosa Lanson. Offer to act as a consultant for 4 programme about the food and drink of your country. ‘Write a typical etter you may need to send out in your own work or studies. UNIT 1 @ 119U NIT 12 geen statements, questions, orders, and “\ Hard news, soft news requests > oles and coentafes fie Social responses. Common expressions. sayhig goodie @ Work in pairs. . 1 What ae think the following ‘hard’ or serious news headlines are about? e-vote warning 2 In which news items do you think the words and phrases inthe box wil appear? Use dictionary ta help if necessary Fishing disaster pathy bacteria clinical depression downsizing di 1g of waste environmental disaster fraud lay-offs Workers face local clection pollution sick lea turnout more stress e Read the articles and check your answers to @. Plans to introduce electronic voting _before systems were safe enough, forthenextnationalelections arelikelyto Governments thraughaut the world see bedelayed afteraworld expercine-voting Internet and text-message voting asa way wamedthatthesystemwasstillnot secure. of beating apathy and getting more people Rebecca Mercun a computer science expert, to vote. The tumout in therecent local saidthat e-voting gavean opportunity for elections was as low as 15% in some parts fraud andsaid that she couldritbelievethat ofthe country. A government offical anyone wasevenconsidering using the confirmed thatthey had decided to wait for Internet for national elections. Mercuritold further reports before introducing e-voting reporters twouldbe atleast ten years ‘Government officials are still trying to find out the cause of the environmental disaster that has led to 2,000 tonnes of dead fish ‘being washed ashore inthe last few weeks. Scientists think mystery bacteria may be responsible. One scientist told reporters that he thought the exceptionally hot ‘weather in August had caused the bacteria to spread. He explained that a similar problem had occured atthe same time the previous ‘year. Other scientists maintain that pollution caused by the dumping of waste from the oil industry may be responsible. The Government announced that they would introduce a speci ad programme to help the 4,000 fsermen aed [A United Nations report out today reveals that workplace stress is rising at an alarming rate and is costing employers billions of dollars in sick leave and lost working time, “The study by the UN’ International Labour Organization (ILO) looked at problems of stress and mental illness atworkin the United States, Germany, the UK, Finland, and Poland. In the United States, one in ten workers suffers from clinical depression, and 200 million working days are lost every yeay because of stress But the problem is worst in Finland where mote than half the ‘workforce have stress-related problems. ‘The report blamed a number of factors for the dramatic rise: downsizing, lay-offs, mergers, short-term contracts, and higher demands. The ILO said that 50 years ago these problems hadn't existed but in the present day there was much less security in work, ‘The report added that companies were making more demands on their staff. A spokesperson for the Employers’ Association explained that many companies had made improvements in recent years. He believed that employees could expect to see more help and support schemes in the future i20 @ unit 12° a government official the US Congress Who made the following statements in the newspaper articles? Choose from the list in the box. ‘Fifty years ago these problems didn’t exist.” b ‘Ican’t believe that anyone is even considering using the Internet for national elections." © ‘Many companies have made improvements in recent years.” d ‘Ithink the exceptionally hot weather in August caused the bacteria to spread.” € ‘Wil be atleast ten years before systems are safe enough.” the ILO a computer science expert a reporter a scientist a spokesperson for the Employers’ Association a fisherman. Work in pairs. Answer the questions. 1 Compare the direct statements in @ with the reported statements in the newspaper articles. What happens to the verb when a direct statement becomes a reported statement? 2. What always immediately follows the verb tell? What other reporting verbs are used in the articles, e.g. say (said)? 3 Find other examples of reported statements in the articles. What are the direct statements? Reporting spoken language ‘Complete the table to show how the verb changes in reported speech when the reporting verb is in the past tense. Answer the questions. Direct statement Reported statement Present Simple Past Simple - “There is much less security in work.” The ILO said that there was much less security in work. Present Continuous a “Companies are making more dem: staff” Past Simple “A similar problem occurred at the last year.” Present Perfect wands of their The report added that companies were making more demands of their staff. ies es seal ae same time He explained thata similar problem had ‘occurred at the same time the previous year “We have decided to wait for further reports A government official confirmed that they had before introducing e-voting,” will decided to wait for further reports before introducing e-voting. d “We will introduce a special aid programme to The Government announced that they would help the 4,000 fishermen affected.” can “Employees can expect to see more support schemes in the future.” introduce a special aid programme to help the 4,000 fishermen affected. Coen eee helpand _He believed that employees could expect to see ‘more help and support schemes in the future. 1 What happens to pronouns f, we, you, my, our, your in reported speech? 2. What happens to expressions such as last year, yesterday, today, tomorrow, next year in reported speech? QPevsteiok 0-148 UNIT 12 @ 121a 122 @ UNIT 12 @ Complete the reported statements. 1. ‘We've looked at problems of stress and mental illness at work in five countries.” A spokesperson told reporters 2 ‘We're planning to employ a professional counsellor to help our staff.” ‘The Director announced 3. ‘Idon't know if Pll be able to survive until next year” A fisherman said 4 ‘Iecan’t be oil pollution because we have very strict controls.” A spokesperson for the oil industry told us 5 ‘Our party lose the last election because the turnout was low.” One politician claimed © Workin pairs. Complete the list of direct questions from the reported questions. Reported question 1. The unions wanted to know how the employers planned to deal with Direct question ‘How do you plan to deal with tworkplace stress in the future? workplace stress in the future. 2 The reporter wanted to know if the problem was just as bad in other countries. 3 The fishermen asked the Government when they could expect more financial aid. 4. The fishermen asked the Government what they were doing to prevent = another environmental disaster. 5. The reporter asked Professor = Mercuri if she thought e-voting would be introduced in her lifetime. 6 The journalist asked Professor Mercuri if there had ever been any ceases of fraud in electronic voting. Look at the reported questions in @. 1 How isthe verb form ina reported question different from the verb form in a direct question? 2 What differences are there in the word order between reported questions and direct questions? 3 When is ifused in a reported question? PEv.e0.15Work in pairs 1 Write six questions thata reporter might ask one of the fishermen affected by the environmental disaster. Examples How long have you been a fisherman? Do you have any other jobs? 2 For each of the direct questions write the reported question form. Examples The reporter asked how long he had been a fisherman. The reporter asked if he had any other jobs. Write the reported orders and requests as in the example. Example ‘Check your pollution controls,’ the Government ordered the oil refineries The Government ordered the oil refineries to check their pollution controls, 1 ‘Could you speak up a bit please?’ the professor asked the reporter, 2. ‘Don’t dump waste in the s oil industry. he Government warned representatives of the an I finish my point2’ the speaker asked the reporter. 4 ‘Don’t make too many demands of your staff’ the presenter told the companies. 5 *Could you email us a copy of the report?” she asked the speaker. 6 *You must re-count all the votes,’ the official rold them. Work in groups. 1 Write six questions to ask another student about workplace stress. You can include questions on: * their experience of stress in theie job, or the jobs of anyone they know + how their company, or companies they know, deal with stress ‘+ their opinion of workplace stress as a current problem, and how itcan be avoided Interview a person from another group. Then answer their questions. Report hack to your group on the interview: Examples. She said that she . e asked me if. UNIT 12 @ 123a Politics and current affairs file. Collocations ewsdesk International tem 1 Government announces financial plans in Around the world Hae spring Arica: UNpeacekeeping'forcearivesto ‘The national share index rose by several points asthe end civil war. (More details.) est 2 reacted positively to measures announced yesterday by the Finance inhisspeech to americas: Democraticand Libera parties es “Me said that he hoped that a period of falta form cualtiont® economic growth would now replace the years of Caen Maren co 5 He also commented that prices had become seed and that he expected he a ot FOS ee a: a carers be plesed hates sen pans 0 summit in Singapore ene increase” Atthe same time the National {More details] Bank confirmed that —___' would be reduced bya ; eee quarter ofa per cent. [More details... Europe: Socialist Party manifesto" reveals plans for nationalization’ of Nem 2 itways. (More details.) UN reveals for African state Plansfora new National Assembly for the Central Middle East: Religious leader to stand as ‘rican Republic (AR) have been revealed. 2 ‘candidat’ in fst democratic? ra willbe held in six months’ time. The Secretary-General hiscianiiuale cael of the United Nations also announced a lifting of 5. Many countries who broke off “4 South Asia: Explosion increases fears of year ago are preparing to re-open their 5 they terrorism", [More details.) are also preparing a programme of 5 which will allow the CAR to increase ” on housing, schools, and hospitals. (More details...) ene Read the home page of the news website. Complete the sentences in item 1 with a is (oe > word or phrase from the box. recession @ March words from A with words from B to make collocations. Use the incerest rates collocations to complete the sentences in item 2 scock market Minister A B taxation new spending pacliament foreign constitution inflation fresh relations — diplomatic sanctions ‘economic aid public elections, international embassies © _ Match the underlined words in Around the world with their definitions having equal voting rights for all people (adi) b the killing of ordinary people for political purposes (n) € someone who wants to be elected to a position (n) dan important meeting between the leaders of two or more countries (n) fe. a group of people who have the same political aims and ideas (n) f intended to help keep the peace and prevent violence (adi) putting a company or organization under the control of the Government (n) hh a government formed by two or more political parties working together (n) i awar between groups of people who live in the same country (n) ja written statement that explains what a political party wants to do ifit becomes the government in the future (n) 126 @ UNIT 12© Work in groups. Discuss the questions. 1 Does the government announce budgets in your country? What measures were announced in the last one? What measures would you like to see in the next one? 2 Does your country have close international relations with any other countries? If so, which ones? @ Om 1 Listen to an audio-guide explaining the layout of a parliamentary chamber. Label the parts of the diagram. ces as = Toil is a b Elected by _ system. 2 Can you say how the parliamentary chamber in your country i different from the diagram? © Workin pairs. Discuss the questions, 1. How is the political system organized in your country? 2. Would you like to change the political system in your country? Ho} @ _ Match words in A with words in B to make pairs of opposites. A B boom minority privatization opposition majority dictatorship government right-wing, left-wing recession democracy nationalization © Complete the table. Mark the stress for each word, Noun (subject) Noun (person) Adjective Sc ane que democrat | aiplomatio: © Work in groups. Complete one of these sentences, and discuss your answer. + IfLwere Prime Minister/President of my country * If were Secretary-General of the United Nations .. Compare your views with other groups. UNIT 12 @ 125126 @ UNIT 12 News and views Disc ss the questions. 1 How do you find out about news: television, radio, newspapers, the Internet, ‘or any other way? 2. What are the main ‘hard’ or serious news items in your country at the moment? 3. What are the ‘soft’ o popular news items in your country at the moment (eg. sport, entertainment)? You will hear the words and phrases in A in a TV news programme. Match the underlined words in A with the explanations in B. B addicted to computer games a illegal copying aggressive and violent b popular and usually big-budget celebrities € unableto stop playing them a one-year driving ban drugs that make you play a sport better DVD and video piracy fe using drugs ina bad way new blockbuster movies official rule that something is not allowed drug abuse fg famous people for han hh ready to fightor argue @ 122 Listen to Infotainment, a TV news programme. What are the topics of the four news items? @ 122 Listen again, and tick T (true) or F (false). leem 1 cra 1 According to research, children who play alot ofcomputerand video games often do better in their adult studies and jobs oo 2. Playing computer and video games that are aggressive and violent makes the children aggressive and violent as well. oo Item 2 3 A pop star has been given a one-year prison sentence for drink-deiving. oo 4 The family of the minicab driver feels that celebrities are not punished fairly oo Item 3 5. Three-quarters of the illegal copying of DVDs and videos takes place in Asia. oo 6 legal copies become available as soon as a major film is released. (] [J Item 4 7 A footballer has been banned for one year for using drugs. oo 8 Itis difficult to tell the difference berween illegal drugs and ordinary supplements. fa Work in groups. Discuss these issues from the last three news items, 1. Drink- crammar @-O UNIT C > recon tunesons @-@ > vocabulary This unit reviews all the main language points from Units 9-12. Complete the exercises, Use the Pocket Book for areas that you need to review again @ Present Perfect Simple and Present Perfect Continuous, Time clauses, Time phrases 1 Complete the letter from Antonio Parisi, a candidate inthe elections, to his constituents. Use the correct rense and form of the verb in brackets. Dear voter, (listen) to what people say and want, and we ‘Ourparty __‘(be) in government for thelast five (produce) an action plan on such concerns as years. During thattime, we _*(work)hardt0__housingand pollution. Although there is still aot to improve the standard ofliving in ourccities. We do, we" (try) to solve the problem of (build) thousands of low-cost flats for our _ pollution. Until we ___" (deal with) this problem, key workers, we “(opendhundreds ofnew we ____(notbe able) toattract significant schools, and we (improve) the transport numbers of tourists to our country. As soon as we system, We —__* (achieve) allthis, butwe ___ (begin) our second term in office, we (not raise) taxation. We "(not finish) ourwork ___ (start) work on the next stage of these plans. yet. At our regular public meetings we Vote Democratic Vote Faris! 2 Complete the sentences from Antonio Parisi’s manifesto with before, after, for, # We have built 10,000 low-cost flats last yea # We have opened 300 new schools the last five years * The rate of inflation has been stable several years + Iewill only bea shore time awe see the full benefit of this period of economic stability. + Pollution will be reduced ‘we introduce our new proposals on use of cars in cities. ity, 1st and 2nd Conditionals Read the news headlines from the future. How likely or unlikely do you think the More young events are to happen? Describe the possible consequences by writing sentences like the people go to cones in the example. university Example WORLD'S CITIES CONTINUE TO GROW [think it's very likely that the world’s cities will continue to grow Average working week now only 20 hours If they continue to grow, governments will need to spend more on housing. If everyone moved to the cities, there wouldn't be anybody to work on ore the farms. CT naa © | should have (done)/shouldn’t have (done), 3rd Conditional ‘What went wrong when Hi-Tee Systems used the A to Z Removal Company to Computer games relocate its offices? Write two sentences, using should have (done)/shouldn't have made illegal for Wea tater cdiieeal | gee ee ie under 16s Leaders agree to form World government Example removal company booked to start work at 6 a.m. arrived 10 a.m. ‘The removal company should have arrived at 6 a.m. If they bad arrived on time, they would have had enough time to do the job. used inexperienced staff.who took much longer didn’t have enough packaging materials, so damaged some of the equipment took lots of breaks, so lost time used an old van which broke down didn’t read the address properly so went to the wrong destination dropped a very valuable picture 130 @ REVIEW UNIT CReporting spoken language Report what was said on the day for each of the problems in @. Example A to Z: ‘We're alittle late because the traffic is heavy.” A102 said that they were a little late because the traffic was heavy. 1 AtoZ: "We've taken on a new member of staff and we're training him up.” AtoZ: You didn’t tell us that you had so many computers. Do you want to wait while we get head office to send more packaging? 3 AtoZ; ‘It’s very hot day, so we'll need to take one or two drinks breaks.” 4 Hi-Tec: ‘Why have you turned up in such an old van?" 5 AtoZ: ‘Tcan’t read the writing on the address document 6. Hi-Tec: ‘Be careful with the picture. Ie’ very valuable.” Writing emails, Business correspondence Write the following messages. Decide whether an email, a fax, ora letter is most appropriate. toa friend describing a new flat you have just moved into to a furniture company ordering some items for your new flat from Hi-Tec Systems to the A to Z Removal Company complaining about the job they did 4 to your colleagues proposing some new strategies for motivating staff at work 5 to an international colleague describing the political system in your country Dese: 19 a process, Interviewing techniques Choose one of these topics: * a recipe and instructions for making a typical dish from your country * the procedures you go through when revising and preparing for an exam. * the process of recruiting and appointing new staff 1 What are the different stages involved in the topic you have chosen? 2. Work in pairs. Interview your partner about their topic for a radio programme. Social responses, Common expressions, Saying goodbye ‘What would you say in these situations? 1 Invite a colleague for a drink after work. 2. You want to help a colleague rearrange his or her desk 3. Your boss's car has broken down and you'd like to give him or her a lift, but you're worried your car is in a mess. 4 Say goodbye to a visitor who you are going to visit next month. 5 You've been invited out fora meal but you want to go home early to prepare for an important presentation you're giving tomorrow. 6 Say goodbye to your colleagues at your place of work or study, but you want to arrange to meet up again in the future. ‘Work in pairs. Role-play each situation with a partner. Try to continue the ‘conversation for as long as possible, Include some of these expressions: As Iwas saying...) That reminds me ... Talking of su, If YOU ask me sx, AS YOM Say «. Vocabulary test Work in two groups, A and B. Write a vocabulary test to give to the other group. Choose ten of the words below. Write a sentence or phrase to help the other group ‘guess the word Example Word strike Clue when people refuse to go to work as a protest strike 7 bureaucracy downsizing _cultureshock economic sanctions kkey workers organigram addicted Ce market economy coalition generation appraisal logon privatization comeacross fulfilling recover electorate spokesperson summit adjourn back-up scenario keyboard skills REVIEW UNIT C @ 131Listening scripts Unit 1 i Poet, Fate P_ .'OK, then, ys, goodbye. That was Rosa She's Kaving he oie now. Shel be a ide late, Fm fend E__Noproblem. So, you and Rosa started NMP together? P_ Thats right. Rosa and set upehe company fifren years ago, But we've known each other since we were t university. The ompany stated ss NVP~ Network Video Prodaccons, We've heen NMP for 80 yeas. We cided ro expand into other tultinedia production work webdesign, ‘media presentations, management raining, find elearning. E Have you expanded the management as well ois isl ustyou and Rosa? P_We'erccruted two more managers since swe became NMP, bur Kosa and fare sil E _Dovyou and Rosa have separate roles? P_Yesalthough we always dncus everything together Rosas the creative person, She gts the ideas. Se knows the matker very well find understands what the cstomers want RRoxa snanagesthe projets from stat. finish, My jobs mainly to develop the business. Pnegotae withthe people who buy the programmes. For the big poiees that cost alot, ook for nancial partners ‘who will share thecosts—and che pros E_Tsee. And what about the ro neve managers? Paul our new Financial Manages deals with the nancial aspects of running the busines We slso havea new Promotions Manager, Louise. You'remecsing he this afternoon, She handlesll he marketing and advertising, She’ working on wo big launches atthe ‘moments curren she very busy E_ Doyou and Rosa travel much? P Yes we both do, usually go abroad a east, {our or five tesa month, And Rosa starly inher ofc for more than wo days ata me. “Acthe moment she’s working on cwo maior projets so she's traveling even more than {ual And Louie i vey busy wih the Tamebe here 12 LaLouise, Eavic Right rie. Thanks for coming along AS Pieeprohably explained ned v0 get some information on you for our publicity department, for when we sare to promote the project. E OK Like task you afew things about your background ist. Where were you born? E_ Iwashom in Cornwall ina small seaside town, but my parents moved 9 London when Twas fur L_Didyougeow upin London? E Yes 1 grew up in Londoa and weatto school there 1. Whatdid you do after school? E went o college to study fora diploma in Cookery, Catering, and Hospicalty Managetent Pd been interested in cookery since Iwas fourteen. My mother went out to Iwork then and had to cook for my younger brother nd sister |L._ Whar did you da when you Bnished the cookery course? 132 @ LISTENING SCRIPTS E After the course started working a chef in London, I worked at two restaurants the Hilton and the Buckingham, where was Head Che. 1L._ Where did you work afte hat? After the Bockingharn went vo France and then Rly: Partly to lesen more about ooking and partly to learn the languages. 1. What languages do you speak? E_ Ispeak English French, and lian eally enjoy speaking other Languages although Tm nots good at writing How longhave you had your restaurant? E_Tyehad my own restaurant since 1999. Is hard work, bu ove 1. Whatdo you enjoy dong in your freetime? E Apart from cookery, Lenoy laying tennis inthe summer and sking i the winter LOK and nally, do you haveany plans for the fruce? E_Yes,1do. My ambitions wo open my own cookery choo! 1 Great. Well thanks Eric think we've gor what we need. Good lack withthe projet. E Thanks 1 Plo, Ene, how are you? Good to see you E_ Timfine hanks, Piet. And you? P Yes, very well Bre liketo introduce you to Clare, our secretary. Claire thisis Ene Cain. He goingo play a major rolein our new project. © Yes, Rost cold meall aboutit Pleased 10 meet you, Mr Carlin, Pleased to meet you too. C _Teecopnize you fom your television programmes of course. Lally enjoy them. Castes another of your fans, Encl Anyway, ‘come into my ofice.Iwant ta show you out plans forthe projec. 4 i et, WeMe Wyatt So, did you have any problems Finding us? [No,none a al- walked here, My hotels ‘nla few minates sy ‘Oh really? Which hote! are you seayingin? Fmstaying athe Garrick. l'sin King Street. Do you know i? now the name, Whats like? (Oh, ts very pleasant. always stay there when Icome to London. How often do you come to London? Four or ive times yeat Whar about you? Do you tavel abroad much? P_ Yeu Ido quite aloof wavelling— mostly in Europ, but goto Canada and the States a5 well” sbout wo orthrectimes a year, W Canada? Thats interesting. Have you been to Toronto? P_ No,Tvenever been t Toronto, burt had a swonderfl holiday on Vancouver Island not longa. 15 1 a au dure an P. Hovrlongare you staying here? W_Justthnee days Tm lying ack the day ater 2 _Hovrlong have you ben with your company? W_ I've cen with Star TV forfour yeare now. Inn this weather wonderfale Yes itis, We do get god weather in London wee ‘Where di you spend your ls holiday? [went eo New Zealand with my wife and tur wo daughters ane Do you doany spor? W Yes, [play ice-hockey in winter and do some sailing summer. interviewer, P=Joie Pankhurst Julie when did you fst get the idea for “Friends Reunited? JP Well, ieealy started in July 1999 when ‘was on maternity leave from work, and ot ‘of he rime before che aby was born [didnt actually have much todo. tstarced t Took ‘back on my life. Ishought about the fiends Thadst schoo, and I found myself wondering where they were nw Did they have families of thet own? Did they sil ive fnthesame rea? Were they married, 1 And you thought the Interne would be the ideal way o get in touch with ld fends? JP Yesthats ihe Fan programme atthe sime sol hadthe sil And it te with ‘ny husband Stephen's plans. Hea web ‘Sesiner and he snd his partner Jason Porter ‘wanted to tars a new samp So the the ‘fy setup Friends Reunited dotcom. 1 And how docs t work? What do you have todo? JP 1esa very simple ida, really. You have tobe a member Fora small registration fe, members can put thei detailsand messages ‘on thesiteand ten they can grin touch With former schoo ends. You jot ook up the school lok up the yeas and away you (go! We da’ want make it dificult- we Wanted people who didn use the Inmet ‘ery much tobe interested as wel 1 Whatsort of things do people do when they're valine? LJP Teh Tor of them just beowse and find ‘our whac has happened io thei old ‘choolmats, But ofen they exchange memories discus old teachers, funny things that happened, and so on. Lat of them serange to meet and have veal reunions. 1 The des grew quite fst, dai? JP. Very mach so, After jas three ears 2000, we had seven milion members snd 45,000 schools and univers were registered 1. Titnow Friends Reunited hasbeen one ofthe most succesful dotcom companies, But twhat abou ture plane? JP Welle arte nthe UK, but since 2002 we've launched international sites n ‘Ausualia, South Aiea, New Zealand, and ‘many other counties in Europe and beyond: We've also added over 400,000 workplaces othe system so hat people can Tocate old work fiends, We ust want. Keep on expanding, but keep the idea simple 1 Jule ehank you for alkingto us. Thac was Juli Pankhurst, founder of.Tnterviewer, ML_= Martin Leach Inthis edition of "Working ives’ I'm pleased to welcome Marin Leach, CEO ofthe Talian sports car manufacturer, Maser Marinsca I tare by asking you to ell ut Something about che company? ML Sure: Iwas founded in 1914, ad in the carly years ic was run by the Maserat, brothers from their hate in Bologna in aly Thelocal origin and s reputation for «raftsmanship are sl an important pact of the company’s style. The quality sports car industry isan industry where tradition is important, but you alo ave to be modern, 1 Thecompaay moved fom Bologna, dit 2 ML Yes, they moved the hendguarters 0 ‘Modena in 1940 and continued to produce cas for the ieernaional markets wells Forracing But think the big change came inthe 1990s that’s when Maserati realy hecame a modem company. 1 nwhae way? (ML Wel the Fat Car Company bought 100% ofthe share capcalin 1983 and in 1997 there wasarakeover of Maserati by Fear 1 SoFecrariisthe parent company and aerate a subsidiary? [ML Yes, although the two brands were kept separate. AF the same time they closed the factory and installed an ulrs-moden assembly line which opened for production in 1998 and increased output toto thousand cara year And in fact nowadays Wwe produce about 25a day. That sll not lot compared othe big companies, but remember we'fea specialist compan. There ‘were moce changes in 200, particularly ‘with senior staf incading my ows {appointment as CEO in June 2004, 1 Whardo you think ae the Key factors inthe succes ofthis Maser ‘elauneh in recent [ML think ration and reparation is important as Tsaid before, The company pays lot of tention to design and wo esearch and evelopment. Weaiso have ood cent loyal, and we involve our owners and ‘enthusiasts new developments and Aesigns. Above al, we're loeal company with an ncematonal appeal, Wehave ‘epresentatives in 5 counties, and we're slays looking for new markets 23 1” Lean’ help noicng that you're Betis, Bit tunsual te bein charge of an alan company? [ML Perhaps: Bue my background sin cars and sports ears in particular 1 When did you frat become intrested in cars? ML When I was small, ou family used ogo to Inaly for our holidays. Lhavea picture of me inthe fest ever FerariIwent in ~l was aout seven and it was owned by the hotel ‘vwners son. Then atthe age of leven scared acing go-karts ~ia fact Ton the European Cup and came third nthe World ‘Championships, 1 Your frsob was with dhe Ford Car Company, Tbelieve? ML That's righ, athe age of 17. They also sponsored me to study engineer England. think that ver the ye worked in every department at Ford: the engineering department, marketing sales, forecasting, and so on, I Did you work outside the UK before joining Maserat? ML Yes. worked in Japan for Mada from 1996 co 1999, then moved to Germany to bevice-presiden of product development forFord Europe In 2002,1 became CEO of Ford Europe~ until 2003, Then Iwas a freelance consultant for awhile and then joined Maserati as CEO in June 2008, 22 I 1 1. Doyou speak falian? ML I suppose im Inermedat, but earning fast Atthe moment we've agreed to hold ll senior mectings in English Infact we se bit ofboth languages, and fr me thar probably the best way to improve my alan, 24 1” So,can you describe a sypical week for you? ML usualy leave my house n Bologna at 7.18, and sare work around 8 at and finish around 730 in the evening Pm responsible for the whole Maserati operation in| ‘Modena, and I like to start er. There's plenty of variety my work: Last week for Example, on Monday morning, after hecking my emails of courses started with {umeeting with Claudio Bero, the head of the acing department. Is important to understand all aspects of our prodict, and ‘acing va very important part 1 Andane hat you have a pasclar interes ML Ye, indeed, After lunch made my usual tout of the factory Its my job to make sure ‘everyone is working to the best of is or her ability. think when you're the CEO, you ‘eed tobe visible and show people who you are and that you'te interested in their work, My jobinvoles lor of eonact with different people which THe fom the tizectoes, to the deparment heads othe ‘workforce themicies, On Tuesday morning, Thad a meting with the Product ‘Marketing team to loole a plans for a new ‘model, ad in the afternoon thete was 2 Tong meting with the directors inthe boardroom. On Wednesday, there was “another meeting with the Honorary Presiden of the Maserati Members lub, As Yyoucan sel pends lot of ie in meetings! On Wednesday afteroon, Thad {ogivea speech in alan ~to around 3,000 Ferran and Maserat suppliers Irwas ‘only fifteen minutes, but I was very nervous. ‘The part of my job that enjoy mows working wth the cars, and on Thursday L Spenta few hours once retrace ‘valuating a procorype of new ea, Then I flew to Rome fora ceremony with the Italian President on Fray morning. We resented him with anew car with special Features, including extra security protection, And hen you came back home? ML Yes. After lunch wih the hea of Fiat got bck o Bologna justin time foran ic eream with the children. Talways ty tohave time ‘wth the famiiyin dhe evening. You have to [know how to balance work with relaxation thatthe most important skill have. 1 think that was a fail typical week. 25 fons, Eafvckansmerphone Rr Fe kthaen whe Eek anbe? Ah itis Helo. imsory Lean eke yourealar the ment eee your mane nue nd message andllgatck abou toon ar pose Plate peak afar the one Thankyou tor eli Till ts Rona Eason malig arrange a mesting Cou ou manage next wreck? Monday ot Toesdsy would be es f Youcould make thn: Could you calle to range ime? Thanks. Goodéye © Good afternoon, Nerwork Mulimedia Productions, Can Ihelpyou? E Good afternoon. Could speak o Ross Canon? © _Tmatraid Ms Lanson isnt here today, Can help you? E. Ipthae lace? © Yeuitis E Helio, Claire. Thisis Fre Carlin, © Oh hello Bric. How are you? Tine, thanks. Fem gota message from Rosa on my anewerphone asking ne to contact her aboot mectng. © Abs yes- Rosa tol me about t, Could you ‘make itoa Monday or Tacsday? Unfortunate ean make ton Moaday or Tuesday morning, but Tuesday aitermoon would be OK. © Tice. Would wo fifen suit you? E_ Ye that would be fine C Good. Then ets make provisional apposnemene for wo fifteen. Tats Tuesday the third, right? Bt need to check the me with Piet and Rosa. Could Teall you back to confi? E_ Yes ofcourse, Speak to you later Goodbye Claire, © Thanks Eric, Goodbye. 27 ExEric,CxClaire E” Hello, Erie Cain speaking © Hello, Enc. I's Clare agin Pm phoning about the meeting next weekend. Tm sory, bucPier isnt avaiable athe time we arrange, hes gor another appointment. But he's free later on, Would four wclck be possible for you E_Sothars fourolock instead of wo fifteen? © Yes. Isthat ime convenient for you? Yes thar ine C Good. 50, we lok forward co secing you next Toesay, then. Goodbye, Ei 28 Sk Tuesday, this think Seventy Wednesday then thirteen Sanurday hours there thiny weeks” miles ‘nother "Thurnday 29 V sick 2 thing 3 think 4 mouse 5 path “6 worse 2.10 Thesday the third of March Saturday the ewelth of August Thursday the thirteenth of July Monday the siecenth of Api Wednesday the rweaty-fouth of February Sunday’ the ewenry sich of September Friday he shircth of December Interviewer, AH=Andrea Harts you want to bea beter communicator in the international business world, you need lemguags. So, ler’ hea from someone who tes languages every day inher work, Andrea Haris, you range busines ips for companies keen to promote themselves in Europe and Asia. le that right? AH Yes iis. It's demanding but ls realy ‘enjoyable. often have to deal with chiens ‘who don’ speak English, My two other languages ae Spanish and Janes, which are toully diferent ro each othe 1 Canyoutell usa lite bt about how you Teamt thee languages? AH Suce The ist hing realized i tha learning a foreign language ean be alot harder than Youthink. Asa child I studied French at School as most people doin Bits, and Tearing a language when you're young much quicker and easier than wen you're ‘older Tehik your bran slows down over time. Bur few yeas ago started leaning Spanish. Atfst it was litle harder than Pd expected, For me, Spanish was lightly more fica than French, and the other students intheclas seemed to make mach beter progres than me-Tnerly gave up Bot afer 2 while egora lle easier and Tstrtd to no the lessons, 1. How did you peactise ouside the lessons? AH Myhusband, whose Spanish is excellen, LISTENING SCRIPTS @ 123helped me. Now five years lates, my Spanish isprey Huent- One day, would lke 10 be asood ayy English. Lehink to achieve this would have to go and live where Spanish spoken by everybody. Lean now Took back andsay that earning Spanish was ‘one ofthe most interesting and most useful things se ever done 1 And-what about your Japanese? AH Of cours, hela ike che ther languages speak. My company pad for me tohavelessons. My teacher who was Japanese, wa the best teacher Ihave ever hha He fom Osta originally but he now livesim London, where we me. Fie eally ‘ne of the nicest nd most patient teachers $you could hope for! Anche had tobe ‘was useless at fist, much worse chan Pd [heen a Spanish, Bot hen, a 3, Japanese ‘much more ifiule han Spanish fo English speakers anyway ~sere arent sang words Japanese that are similar in english and then there are he writen characters to lear. 1L_So, how good s Your Japanese now? ‘AH Good question! lean actualy communicate ‘with Japanese cients now without roo much Sificaly, Par nor eure what my exact level ‘would bet Ceraily my Japanese isnot as Fiven semy Spanish, but one day it wil be ‘would ako ike to seedy Arabic, butts Inatter of nding the ine Anyway 32 ‘oPresener, RCaRuth Chan P- And now to our technology update. We've allicad of the Rosetta Stone but how many ‘fusknow about che Roser Disk? Linguist and sient are hoping i's going to beds important in recording information thou the languages ofthe world voday 38 ite predecessor was over two thousand years tg. We sent Ruth Chan to find out more. RC The aia othe new Rosea Projects ocreate permanent physical archive of one thousand ofthe worlds languages. The new Roses ‘Stone will bea spherical container wich vvll bol and proect special micr-ctched (Tsk. The projec onganizers abo plant preiuceneother media an online archive Sind a sngle-volume reference book. The project asthe ida of inguist nd scents, ‘sho wore atthe Lang Now Foundation, ‘which sae herein San Francisco. The disk twlleontana description of each guage, ‘hich wil nla ty grammar and Prominciaton systema wordlist of 0, hundred core words, and «paral ext fom the Bible~ Genesis chapters one to thre. Thistexe was chosen becuse biblial ents ae themst widely nd carefully ranslated tex, forthe planes. Thenew Roses Disk il be ‘quite sal People wll eed a microscope to ‘ead it~ with magnification of 1,000 ees. ‘The projec organizes plan to produce le of disks which vl be dstnbuted chroot ‘he world wo help ensure ther survival ‘Material on languages scollcted through 3 website, wirwresetaprojetorg where ‘Scholar and naive speakers conibute dei esearch, There ae curently 664 volunteers ‘workangon the projet theoushout he word Toakedone of the organizer 0 show me some ofthe fascinating information they've Siren collected 3.3 RERosa, PaErc, Poet RE Right Shall we sare? The aim of his meeting isto discuss our new project As you know, we're planning to make ren Programme on the fod and deink of hee Eountres The cost of he first three programmes will be Bnanced by NMP, but fo produce the other seven programmes ‘well need investment rom other Companies nthis meeting we must decide 134 @ LISTENING scRIPTS fist which countries we want to hav nthe pilot programme. So, what are your views? Enc, would you lke o star? Wallin my opinion the fst programmes should be about the most exotic countries ‘ay Japan, Mexico, and Thailand. Im sure the programmes about these countries wll hethe most exetingones because cversthing there ins dileret. P Yes, you could be right, Eee, bur from 3 financial pone of view, che cose of making Programmes in thoxe counties wil roo Righ for NMP budget, so ataidTean't gree with that idea, We must have Enropean counties in the fist three programmes, E OK Then how do you fe about having Japan, Mexico, and Thailand ate programmes? Yess agree with that, onthe condition that wecan getthe investment we need, of Yes, ie’ ight, ric We mast think ofthe oat, Personally think Franc, aly and Spain would be the best chotces. [really do think is beter to star with high-profle ‘counties boca Sorry, Ros, [don’t quit follow you. Could ‘you explain what you mean by “high-profile IR Well mean counties whose food and ris well-known in oer counties, wll: Kron internationally E.Maybe, bt the French o alan or Spanish foo that her nationalities eatin their soungisioten very diferent fom the real thing! ‘Yes and people don know tha already, they discover rom watching our programies! Tees hopes, Right: Do we all agree hen? France, Kal, an Spain forthe rst hree programmes? Yes, defintely! ‘Yeu Pd go along with that Good. Then lees move onto the nex topic the plat programme. We need to decide sehich eountey 4 ‘Soy the piloe programme is very importan? ‘Oh, yen its extemely important. Our pilot programme hast do wa important ings fa to make investors wat o pu thee money into the projec and second to make TV companies wane to buy the peogsammes OFthethreeountrics— Pasta minute Rosa. Could I ust ask “omething? When you and I discussed this before we agreed tha he plot programme wold be ane of che ten programmes, dida't R_ Yes, wedi. So, of the cree countries Pn inclined eo think that France would be the best choice, Howeves before we make dscsion we need to ind «coneseane for tach programme, someone wh knows the country and iscsi very well soe an fet the information we need before we plan fhe programme in detail P_Yes.thats an important pont. Do you think someone who's written a book about the ‘Sounteys cuisine would be the kind oF pervon you need? E__Ohybeore you go on,could Tsay something? know 2 Spanish person who's ‘written an exellent book on Spanish ‘sine, She ives in London and her name's ‘Maria Ferrando. R_ Really? Do you think she'd be interested in hing consultant for the programme on Spain? Fm quite sure she would That's great! Then let's contact her straightaway. Ishe says ye, do we ll agree ‘on Spain forthe pil programme? zoe ae agree completely. Yes defintely Tha’ lick, Fri: Maybe you know some experts on French and Kalan food and ‘rinks well Yes, [think about it. Maybe Ido Well, ehink thats everything. I sheve anythingelse you want odacuss? No.tmfine [Non don think so. So, to sum up, then. We've agreed that the fs thre programmes wil he about France, aly and Spain and that fwe ean get Maria Ferrando as consuleant, well have Spain in the plo programme Good e's clea day, then. Thanks Ec, let. Well, ‘dont know about you two, but could do ‘witha dak now 35 1 Could you explain shar again? 2 Cond you explain that again? 36 1/4 Could you bein, James? ¥ ‘Could you begin, James? 223 Excuse me, Cold come in here? ‘bExease me: Could come in her 3.4 Can we get back co she main poi ‘Gan we geback othe main point? 42 Would you mind repeating chat? 7 ‘5 Would you mind repeating that? 5.8 Could you go over thatogain? 7 ‘ Could you go over that again? 37 1” Could you begin, james? 2. Excuse me. Cou Leome in here? 3 ane ge back tthe main point? | Would you mind epeating that? 55 Could you go over that again? Te graph shows the average number of hours that people watched television in the UK lst ‘ear During the winter, particulary in December and January, people aways watch ‘more television In January last yea the average ‘umber of weekly iewing hours stood a 28.1 This figure went down steady forthe next rw ‘nonthsreacing 27.2 in February and 28.8 March, The number of vewing hours thea Actuated a ie they creased sigh 0.26.1 in Apri They then fell dramatialyt0 23.30 May The Figure then rose very slighty t0 23.59 Jone and then more or ls leveled off forthe Stuur, which eadionaly the ime when people watch the least television. The igace {ecresed sigh back to 23.3 in July and reached itslowest point in August at 23.2. [Average viewing hours wen up sharply in September 25.3 and then increased more trtaly forthe rest of the year to 26.1 Gctaber and 274 in November. The figure reached it highest point ia December at 28.2 hha per werk So dhe overall seasonal end Inet yee wana gradual alin che fast part ofthe yeaa leveling of in the summer and then a eady sine inthe last par ofthe yea 42 cn Jefe Rint NKeNson Ken ‘Globalization x certainly a ho cop. AS consumers itseems that we ae al Increasingly using the same products eating the same food, even watching the sme TV. progearmes and films. Does this mean that the differences between our societies are Sisappeating, with more and moze people buying fewer and fewer brands? Is0, how oes the average consumer fel? Totty 0 “answer these questions, have with me John Rivets, an economies journalist, and Profesor Naomi Kenta consumer affairs specials. Joh, i lbalization in consumer products realy increasing that fst? feeJR. Yes, think tis, People inthe developing world want manyof the things tht they ee ming from the developed word din the Wes we're constanty looking for new markets We're very succesfl a persuading, People o Buy everything from fast fod to ‘garetts and designer clothes, P_And how does the average consumer fel ‘his? IR. Well you have o ask ‘Who isthe average ‘consumer? You could argve globalization means some consumers can get the products they really want. However oer consumer, see tas'a bad thing’. Look a ciaretes, or ‘sample: Global production of egartcs is increasing more slowly than before, 38 people inte developed worldin pascular Frcome move worried about the Rel isk. Bormanufacturers have wletied eveloping countries ns potential growth ‘markets, Hetween 1975 and 2000, aval deaths dueto tobacea in developed countries rose steadily fom 13 millon t02.1 milion, turin developing counties they went up Onthe whole Ithink i's. god ting Tings income into the coutey and eps the economy rales helps to develop thee {elconmutiations and industries. On the ‘ther hand there isthe danger of expotarion he workers might be pid lowes wages for ‘xampl, ad thee could be he eling tat {he westrm companies are dominating and kein the wealth for themselves J) Theres increasing evidence that a lor of al entre operatives are under stress — working Tong hows, often ate st night because of the time difference CH Good moming everyone, and welcome o our ‘Stmina. This morning, Pm going give you uidelines for preparing and delivering talks Sd presentations. I'm gongto start by Tooking at preperation. This sages tremely nportan snd thereat six key Sree you need eo think about when preparing your presentation o talk The fist ‘nels objectives You need otink carefully tout th aim of your tale and what you rant to achive, Second, the audionce Think bout who they are and what they ned 0 know: The thi are is conten, Concentrate ‘on giving the inyportan information and ke sureitsinteresting, The fourth ara is ‘organization, Your peseatation nee10 havea clear and logical organization. You must male certain thar you ae using what ‘ve cal sgnposting language’ so that the $dience en follow each stage of your presentation, The ith areas visual Information, Presenting informacion visly, focexample through a compute, or onan fverhead projector ora lipart, adds Interest ra presentation aid makes easier tolellow, bat make sure you know how to tee the equipment and that you'renot Showing too much information onthe seen Desde atone time The ast key area's practice, When you've ished preparing Your tal, prac giving. Ths way yout Uiscove if there age any problems and be able tocheck the timing should also make you feclmore confident. Now beforeimave on forthe second pat of my presentation, ae there any questions? 1 CHNow we come tothe last part deve: You reed to consider Sve hey areashere The fist fone is nerves. Most of us fel nervous when tre speak in publi, especialy if we're Speaking a foreign language Iecan help if you breathe dcp, Bresthing deeply calms Jon donaandaopeyuspeaingoo {Quek which usually happens when you're ‘nemous, The second area's voice. Obviously Ftsimpoitane ro speak leary and noe too ‘icy, but its also important o sound Interesting, If you voice sounds ‘monotonous your audience wil fl asleep! ‘Next, body language. Ty to ive the ‘pression that you're relaxed anconfident crenifyoute not, and try to avoid nervous {oturesor movements Animporant cement ‘fbody language sey contact and keeping fyeconeac wth he audience isimportanto esp thm merited in what you're ying Forthis reson you shoulda’ read your kor resentation. Instead, ist key pints on Figcharcor transparency, and eer tones 5 welfyou no, Sand ther than st but Inakestreyou don stand ia front of vise information, And vss information the Fourth Key area on ourlist. Tmentoned err the importance of not presenting 00 mich Information atime, and yousaw inthe Fano phrase fr focusing the anencet stein on what you want them took st [Remember oo, to give them enough imo {ake inthe information you'reshowng ther. The fifth and fal arene questions. Thebes policy to arswer questions ina ple, {plomase way The phases inthe handout shoul gveyou some help here. So, Sum Up, the ivesreat you ned think about when telvering your llc or presentation arenes, ‘voice, body Language, visual information, and ‘esos Wel thi brings me othe end af my presentation. Thank you fr your ftetion, and now if you have any questions Pi'behappy to answer them. Yes, you havea gusto there? Unit 8 Bt WA=WatecAid representative, DiaDelegate 1, D2=Deegate 2, D3eDelepate 3 ‘WA Right, everyone, Thanks for coming along Today. The wen of this meeting isto Bo trough some deals ofthe ionerary forthe Ethiopia trip So any last-minute ideas, thoughts, or suggsrtions that you have will bevery welcome,D1 Can just ask—is everything inaized in terms ofthe programme? Pn ehinking particulary of che dates WA'The main poins are, ys. For example, the Aligh aves om the th of Marchand tras toLondon onthe L4tha¢ 8 pam, and the Jimernalinerary once we're in Ethiopia is fixed ~because we had to areange the transport and accommodation, Let's scare With the kierary. You've gor te outline in Front of you. Fm gong to send ll the travel documents on to you, butate deze any {questions a this stage? D2 Sorry, what time does the Right get nto Addie Ababa? WALEm. Irarives a 15.0000 che 4h, then ‘we're transferring to th hotl, checking in, snd getting ready for the reception at the Government offices, You can se that its sing to bea tring day. We've not doing Anything onde Sth, so there’ time to rest Iefore the main tinerary. D3 Who's coming tothe reception? Any limpoctant government leaders [WAUntforenstey the President of Ehiopia isn available so he st coming, bua numberof senior ministers are coming nd also representative of most of he ten “onal governments, D3 Innis imporzant to meet some local people and loca leaders? WADefinitely 50, after a dayin Addis Abas, ‘on the 6th you'e traveling out othe est of the county toa euelvllge. This where some of the worse water problems exist, D3 And who are we going ta meet there? WA You're meeting local community leaders at the village oa the 7h. Then the day afer on the 8h, you ealsa meeting woreda and sebele leaders aswell asa wontens group ‘Wesee the role of women as particularly import gting the mesg of hypene 82 DI What about the language? Are we going to ‘ake any profesional imerpreers? My Human Resources department has good contact if we nee wo take an interpreter, WANo, we're not going to take interpreters — Pmaftad ies too expensive. We're Providing local interpreters from our ‘olunters already working ot ther. think youl find them good enough D1 That’ fine. Ion’ contact our HR people, D2 T'minterested inthe rainwater harvesting schemes. When are we visting one ofthe projects? WAOn the Sth of March we're going to a project inde Rift Vly. Rainwater Farvsting is one of ourkey projects — we're stating ve more rainwater harvesting projets acat year Asyou can see om the Th and Lith we'e also visting a sanitation scheme an icon whet hey fad Seowage disposal stems. Back in Adis Aisi onthe 2 were development projects eas D2 Ielooks great, you've clearly arranged things sothat we're seeing a fll ange of activites, Gan just ask about publicity are we going, fotakea photographer, for example? WAWe're going totakea small TV crew and ‘our own photographer for public and prestcoverage, D2 Idon’e know if yu’ interested, bue Pim ‘coming with my wife who's a profesional Dhocoprapher. She's interested in dong the Publicity shosif you wane, WA Fantastic! Inthatcase, wel eave out ‘photographer behind” Are you sure its OK? D2 [ileheck with her but yeah im suc. D3 Could weseeany photos or artleson previous plik thi Have yu gor any here? 'WA'That’ 2 good ides. 'm sure we could find something just cll through to the press department. We could havea break while were waiting? DI/D2/D3 Yes, ood idea. Why not? 83 1 2 Sorry, what ie does the fight et nto ‘Addin Ababa? WAKE, carves at 15.00 on the th then ‘we're transferring to the ote, hecking in, 8nd geting ready forthe reception athe Government offices. You ca see that sing to bea ting day, We're not doing “anything on the th so theres time to et before the main itinerary. 3B a R Arewe goingo take any profesional incerpreters? My Human Resources ddeparmenthas 4 good contact we need to take an interpreter WANo, we're not going to take interpreters — Trmafrad t's too expensive. We're providing local interpreters om out ‘olunters already working out there think you'll ind them good enough, D1 Thar’ fine. won't contact our HR people 3 864 milion from ticket sales al 436 milion fom ocher sources, Then there' e contribution from the JOC we don't ‘quite know how mach, butt could be about 100 milion pounds A wel a that here's allthe sponsorship and advertising deals, Which we estimate wil be approximately haifa billion pounds. Then after the event the resale of surplus land wsed forthe ames wl ring ina least 430 lion pounds. And of course, tourism generated by Olympic visitors and the tax fom the 9,000 jobs created wil bring another 810 millon pounds So, you final estimated profi figures? Jiscunderone ands haf lon pounds, but ‘we think could be much higher in practice, Also there are the busses opportunities that the Games wl bring job retin, investment in poor areas ending ta economic revival, housing, food and catering advertising. lesa good for business and ‘these areal long term benefits hat wil generate income for years 0 conte, ad add tothe proieside ofthe balance shes. Are there any futher questions? 2 Cantjuseask about publcityarewegoing 8,5 totake a photographs, for example? Deir, Ross WaAWe're goingrotakea small TVcrew and Ps, have you finished planing your tip ‘our own photographer for pubic and Spain ye? press coverage, R._Justabost. Would you ike me to give you D2 Iidon't know f you've intrested, bur the details coming wit my wile who'ea profesional —-PSure R ‘Photographer She's interested in doing the Publis shots if you wane WaAFanrastic! In thateas, wel eav out hocographer behind. Are you suce its OK? D2 Filcheck with es but yeah Pm sre 8.4 RoRepresentatve, Journalist 1 ‘J2eJournalist 3 |SeJournalise} [1 "

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