Contents:

• Abstract
• Introduction
• Basic components
• What is LED?
• Construction of LED
• What determines the color of an LED?
• Types of LED based moving message displays
1.Dot-matrix
2.Segmental
 Block diagram (LED using microcontroller)
• Circuit diagram
• Uses
• Features
• Advantages
• Applications
• Conclusion
• References
 LED Based Moving Message Displays

Abstract: and also save energy consumed by

the hardware.
The implementation of a Light
Emitting Diode(LED) based moving
message display system shows a
Introduction:
moving text in a Beautiful manner.
The use of Light Emitting Diodes LED based moving-message
(LEDs) for creating a text display displays are becoming popular for
system is quite common with its transmitting information to large
usage expanding greatly in recent groups of people quickly. These can
time. Such displays can be found in be used indoors or outdoors. We can
airports, where they are used to find such displays in areas like
display flight information, in stock railway platforms, banks, public
exchanges and banks to display offices, hotels, training institutes,
share prices and exchange rate nightclubs and shops. Compared to
respectively. LEDs, liquid-crystal displays
(LCDs) are easy to interface with a
The wide usage of LED
microcontroller for displaying
displays is as a result of its ability to
information as these have many
convey information to large
built-in functions. But these can’t be
audiences quickly and efficiently. As
observed from a distance and large
LED displays are often controlled by
size LCDs are very because of this
digital technology the information
reason we use LEDs.
can swiftly and easily be updated.
This feature of LED displays has led
to a great flexibility of such products
in countless applications. An
additional benefit of using this form
of display is that LEDs are a very
efficient form of illumination.
Unlike incandescent bulbs, LEDs do
not generate a large amount of
wasted energy in the form of heat.
The dynamic display scheme
employed in this work helped to
improve the brightness of the display
To display the information to large CAPACITORS:
group of people by using different
 C1, C2 - 33pF ceramic disk
methods. Microcontroller based
 C3 - 2200μF, 25V electrolytic
moving message Displays and GSM
based moving message displays.  C4 - 1μF, 16V electrolytic
 C5 - 10μF, 16V electrolytic
Mobile phones are used to provide  C6 - 0.1μF ceramic disk
the information in displays using
GSM techniques because it is a MISCELLANEOUS:
wireless technology. Now a day’s  X1 - 220V AC primary to
computer operated moving message 9V,500mA secondary
Displays are also used. transformer
 XTAL - 11.0592MHz crystal
 S0-S3 - 4-pin DIP switch
Basic-components:  S4 - Push-to-‘on’ switch
SEMICONDUCTORS:
 IC1 - AT89S51
What is LED?
microcontroller Light emitting Diode(LEDs) are the
 IC2, IC3 – 74HC138 3-to-8 most widely used semiconductor
decoder diodes. LEDs emits either visible
 IC4 - 7805 5V regulator light or invisible light in forward
 T1-T16 - BC558 pnp bias condition. A LED is an optical
transistor semiconductor device, that emits a
 D1-D4 - 1N4007 rectifier light when voltage is applied. In
diode other words, LED is a optical
 DIS1-DIS16 - KLA51 semiconductor device that converts
common-anode Alphanumeric electrical energy into light energy.
display
 LED1 - 5mm LED
RESISTORS:
 R1-R16 - 2.2-kilo-ohm
 R17-R32 - 120-ohm
 R33-R37 - 10-kilo-ohm
 R38 - 220-ohm
The circuit shows the voltage When forward biased, electrons
connected in series with the resistor from n-type and holes from p-type
which resist the current through it, are pushed into active region. In this
so the circuit doesn't effected. For place recombination takes place
better brightness 20mA is needed to means that electrons and holes are
glow LED, the circuit takes 2V combined in active region, an
voltage to turn ON. invisible light or visible light
emitted.

Symbol for LED:

The schematic symbol for any color
type LED is same as below.

Construction: Visible LED is a type of led which

One of the methods used to construct emits the visible light. These LEDs
LED is to deposited three layers on are mainly used for display or
the substrate. The three layers are n- illumination where LEDs are used
type semiconductor, p-type individually without photo sensors.
semiconductor, and active region. Mainly used with photo sensors such
Sometimes Active region is called as as photo diodes.
depletion region.
What determines the color of LED-based displays can be of
an LED? two types:
The material used for constructing Basically these are two types. dot-
the LED determines the color. In matrix and segmental.
other words, wavelength or the color
1. Dot matrix:
of the emitted light depends on the
forbidden gap or energy gap of the If you implement a moving-message
material. display with multiplexed dot-matrix
LEDs, it will be very costly for
displaying 16 characters or more at a
time. Moreover, programming will
require a lot of data memory or
program memory space. An external
RAM may be needed to complement
a microcontroller like AT89C51.
The below diagram represents
the dot-matrix LED based moving
message displays.

Different materials emits different

colors of light.
 Gallium arsenide LEDs emit
red and infrared light.
 Gallium nitride LEDs emit
bright blue light.
 Yttrium aluminium garnet
LEDs emit white light. Fig: 7*5 Dot matrix display
 Gallium Phosphide LEDs
By using a array of LED scrolling
emit red, Blue and Green
display board we can generate
light.
different types of information. If we
 Aluminium Gallium nitride
arrange the array of LEDs with
LEDs emit ultraviolet light.
multiplexing techniques, it will
 Aluminum Gallium phosphide
generate the information like time,
LEDs emit green light.
pattern, numbers, images,
symbols,….etc. The dot-matrix LED
is constructed by connecting all the
anode terminals of LED's joined alphanumeric displays to show 16
together in each row, and all the characters at a time. Moreover,
cathode terminals joined together in programming has been done to make
each column. If we want to activate the characters move in a beautiful
any LED, the corresponding row and manner. A message appears on the
column meting point is in active panel from the right side, stays for a
state. To construct an LED array, few seconds when the first character
entire cathodes are connected reaches the left most place and then
together and grounded. Each anode goes out from the left side. It
driven by microcontroller. The displays 16 different messages to
microcontroller is programmed to depict different occasions, which can
generate different patterns on the be selected by the user through a
LEDs. DIP switch. Compared to 7-segment
and 14-segment alphanumeric
2. Segmental:
displays, 16-segment displays more
However, if you use alphanumeric flexible and less complicated than
(16-segment LED) displays for the LCD screens or video interfacing.
above purpose, programming burden The name alphanumeric display
is reduced and also it becomes indicates that, it shows the
highly cost-effective. You can make information numbers and letters.
your own display panel consisting of
16 alphanumeric characters at a Block diagram:
much lower cost.

An AT89C51 microcontroller is the

heart of the circuit. It has two timers
to control the display timing and it
also controls data transfer in the
circuit.A 4pin DIP switch is
connected to microcontroller which
Fig: Segmental(alpha-numeric) gives the input information to the
microcontroller. Each pin in the DIP
The circuit presented here uses 16 switch has two states 0 and 1,by
common-anode, single-digit, using 4 pins we can actually give 16
different input signals to the
microcontroller. The output data is
displayed through asset of 16 single
alphanumeric LED displays
connected to the microcontroller. A
decoder is connected to
microcontroller which receives the
address information to control the
turning ON and OFF of the LED
display.
Circuit diagram:
The below circuit shows the LED
based moving message displays. It
comprises microcontroller
AT89C51, three-to-eight decoder
74LS138, common anode
alphanumeric displays, regulator
7805 and a few discrete components.
At the heart of the moving-message
display is Atmel AT89C51
microcontroller (IC1).
It is a lowpower, high-
performance, 8-bit microcontroller
with 4 kB of flash programmable
and erasable read-only memory
(PEROM) used as on-chip program
memory, 128 bytes of RAM used as
internal data memory, 32
individually programmable Fig: circuit diagram for LED based
input/output (I/O) lines divided into moving message displays.
four 8-bit ports, two 16-bit
Ports P0 and P2 of the
programmable timers/counters, a
microcontroller have been
five-vector two-level interrupt
configured to act as a common data
architecture, on-chip oscillator and
bus for all the 16 alphanumeric
clock circuitry.
displays whose corresponding data
pins have been tied together to make
a common 16-bit data bus. Port-2
provides the higher byte of data, In this way, by using a 4-bit number
while port-0 provides the lower one you can select any of the 16
to light up a character on the display. messages. Capacitor C5 and resistor
Port pins P1.2-P1.4 and P1.5-P1.7 of R37 form the power-‘on’ reset
the microcontroller have been used circuit, while a push-to-connect
as address inputs for decoder IC3 switch has been used for manual
and IC4 (74LS138) to enable one of reset.
the fourteen alphanumeric displays
An 11.0592MHz crystal
(DIS3 through DIS16) at a time,
generates the basic clock frequency
respectively. However, displays
for the microcontroller. To change
DIS1 and DIS2 are enabled or
the message being displayed while
disabled directly by port pins P1.0
the circuit is working, first change
and P1.1. Pins 4 and 5 are grounded
the number present at the selection
and pin 6 is made high to enable
bus, then press ‘reset’ key. The
decoder 74LS138.
220V AC mains is stepped down by
All the corresponding data transformer X1 to deliver the
pins Dis 1 through DIS16 of secondary output of 9V, 500 mA.
alphanumeric displays have been
The output of the transformer is
tied together, while the common
rectified by a full-wave bridge
anode of each display is separately
rectifier comprising diodes D1
powered via a BC558 transistor
through D4, filtered by capacitor C3
which switches ‘on’ or ‘off’ as
and then regulated by IC 7805 (IC4).
required, through outputs of
Capacitor C4 bypasses any ripple
74LS138 ICs and pins P1.0 and P1.1
present in the regulated power
of IC1. The higher nibble of port P3
supply. LED1 acts as the power-‘on’
(P3.4 through P3.7) is used as a
indicator.
selection bus to select one of the 16
previously stored messages using the Uses:
4-bit binary value present on these
FOREX RATE BOARD
pins. This value can be changed
through a 4-pin DIP switch (S0
through S3).
Selection pins P3.4 through
P3.7 are pulled high via resistors
R36 through R33, respectively.
When the switch connected to a
given pin is open the value is high
(1), and when it is closed the pin is
held low and the value becomes ‘0.’
TOKEN DISPLAY
MULTIPLEX SIGN

NOTICE BOARD
CALENDAR CLOCK

AIRPORT SIGN
PRODUCTION:
 Features: Patterns:
Multi-lingual: use eye catching programmable
patterns as small breaks in between
Besides English, smartech action the messages to give prominence to
display can display other languages
the next message.
like Telugu, Hindi,Tamil,Gujarati.

Effects:
Split screen:
Don’t bore your viewers with the
Vertical/Horizontal-One part
same old travelling message display.
steady. One part moving. Get your
By using this your messages more
point across better.
attractive appealing and travelling.

Images:
Make your messages with built in Scheduling:
images like heart, arrow, clock, car,
telephone, computer…etc. Greetings for various festivals can
be programmed for automatic
display just few days before the
festival.
 displays are also popularly known as
Alphanumeric Displays, Moving
message Displays, Scrolling
displays.
MIPLs Scrolling Display
Systems are a unique opportunity to
enhance the power of your
communication manifold. With
unmatched features such as variety
in sizes, unbelievable flexibility,
various inputs, and highly
competitive prices, these display
systems stand way apart from the
conventional displays.
User friendly:
The highlighting feature of
Message action can be easily
these display systems is the
programmed by connecting PC
availability of the latest technology
compatible keyboards directly to the
comparable to others, at a very low
display.
price as well as the enormous
The keyboard is used to type flexibility, versatility and cost
message that is to be displayed effectiveness.
Display is kept in a metallic box to
provide complete protection from
environmental damage Primarily Advantages:
used for industrial, official as well as
 It is very efficient and reliable.
commercial purposes. We are
identified as one of the leading  Cost is less.
service providers of Moving LED  Light in weight.
Display.  Small in size.
 It consumes low energy.
These products are made from
 It is having longer lifetime.
high quality raw material which is
 LEDs operates very fast.
skillfully crafted by our expert
 The brightness of light emitted
designers. Due to their stability and
by LED depends on the
superb finish, these are broadly
current flowing through the
appreciated in the market. The
LED. Hence, the brightness
products are known for better screen
the led can be easily
resolution and high-brightness
controlled by varying the
performance. Rolling Message
current.
 Applications:  The patrons can avail from us
a world class array of LED
 LED Moving Message Signs Display Systems, which is
are used in any appropriate available in various color
locations. LED Moving combinations and designs.
Message Signs are used in any These products can be used
appropriate locations to for both outdoor and indoor
communicate different kind of displaying applications.
messages, from time to time, Moreover, these can also be
to many number of people customized as per customers'
who pass by such area. Power
specifications.
On Automations Private
Limited is a group company
of M/s Manila Controls and
Devices Private Limited
company incorporated in early
90’s for manufacturing of
Electronic and Electrical
products.
 To display real time and
temperature: Large size digital
clocks indoor or outdoor for
shop floors, towers, petrol
pumps, educational institutes,
etc. The moving display Conclusion:
functions grab attention of the A Moving Message Display system
people to whatever you want has been designed, analyzed and
to say. Moving message has a implemented. The completed system
pattern backed memory of was able to display the message of
10000 character letters and is text. The system would be found
available in various sizes to useful in applications which require
suit your requirement. information to be displayed in a
 Bringing forth a wide range of legible and intelligible form such as
attractive and effective in Restaurants, Banks, Museums,
advertising solutions through etc. Its benefits cannot be over-
LED display systems, emphasized in these days of
animation sign boards, lead technological advancements;
token boards, lighting & however, this system design could
display signs, electronic signs, be further improved on.
etc.
 References:
[1.] 7-Ningbo Flying Electronics
Co., Ltd. 5*7 Single Color Dot
Matrix Display data sheet.
[2.] Motorola Semiconductor
Technical Data, 8-bit Serial-
Input
[3.]www.elecfree.com/.../simple-
solar-panel-shunt-regulatorby-
tlc271.
[4.]http://www.attiny.com/scroll5.ht
m "Writing software & building
(prototype ) LED sign.
[5.] A. Zidouri, M. Deriche, M. Al-
Otaibi, M. Al-Shahrani, M.
AlMutairi, T. Al Maleki, S. Al-
Ghunaim, A. Al-Nutaifi, H Al-Issa,
F. Al-Anazi" Design and
Implementation of a Bilingual LED
Message Board" .Electrical
Engineering Department KFUPM,
Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia.
[6.]https://www.google.com/search?
q=led+based+moving+message+dis
plays&rlz=1C1CHBD_enIN813IN8
13&oq=led+based+moving+messag
e+displays&aqs=chrome..69i57j0l3.
11152j0j7&sourceid=chrome&ie=U
TF-8