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Narative Report

The seminar discussed seismic analysis and earthquake-resistant design of high-rise buildings. The speaker emphasized following the National Structural Code of the Philippines, which provides guidelines for structural integrity, strength, ductility, and reinforcement detailing. Key topics included seismic zones in the Philippines, structural systems, designing beams and columns for adequate strength and ductility, and ensuring beam-column joints can transfer loads. Examples of past earthquake damage highlighted the importance of code compliance in confinement, reinforcement, and dimensional limits.

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Karl Angelo Cuellar
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91 views2 pages

Narative Report

The seminar discussed seismic analysis and earthquake-resistant design of high-rise buildings. The speaker emphasized following the National Structural Code of the Philippines, which provides guidelines for structural integrity, strength, ductility, and reinforcement detailing. Key topics included seismic zones in the Philippines, structural systems, designing beams and columns for adequate strength and ductility, and ensuring beam-column joints can transfer loads. Examples of past earthquake damage highlighted the importance of code compliance in confinement, reinforcement, and dimensional limits.

Uploaded by

Karl Angelo Cuellar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Last 14th day of February 2020, we the 5th Year Civil Engineering students attended the

seminar for Seismic Analysis for the High Rise building held at the Amphitheater in NEUST Sumacab
Campus. Our guest speaker is Engr. Ariel P. Santos – Co-Founder and Past President of Review
Innovation. He talks about the importance of the design of the structure as an Earthquake-
Resistant Structures. In short, the Seismic Detailing of Reinforced Concrete Special Moment
Frames.

During the seminar, the speaker highlights the codes based on the National Structural
Code of the Philippines, which helps us to know how to design properly as a Civil/Structural
Engineer. He makes us realize the importance of the codes from the NSCP in terms of building a
structure. We also tackled about the Pacific Ring of Fire where he explained the most destructive
or strongest earthquakes happened inside of its area. He also explained the earthquake
generators or the sources of earthquakes. There are two earthquake generators specified by him:
the faults and the trenches. We learn the two types of Seismic Zone on the Philippines, the Zone 2
and Zone 4 which are usually used in designing of a structure. The composition of Basic building
Structural System, First is the moment resisting frame which carries the dead load, live load and
lateral loads. The moment resisting frame is composed of beams, columns and joints. The second
one is the Gravity frame which carries only the dead load and live load. Also, he also discussed
the importance of ductility and strength of the structure. Which the strength is not enough to make
the structure safe but we should also consider the ductility of the structure because ductility is an
ability of sustaining the strength for a longer period. In designing, we should consider the structural
integrity or simply means the ability of a structure through strength, redundancy, ductility and
detailing of reinforcement to redistribute stresses. That is why, as a designer, we shouldn’t only
focus on its strength but there are also other factors we should consider like in redundancy, we
should have a reserve member in our design structure because there are such case that one of
your main members will fail and to avoid failure of structure we have reserve member that will
replace the main member. He talked about the three sections: the beams, columns and joints. He
explains the hierarchy of these sections, in designing, we should follow the rule where the beam is
strong, the column is stronger and joints must be the strongest.

As we go further, he start the discussion of Earthquake-Resistant Structures by Beams. We


analyze the requirements and limitations for beams according to NSCP. The proper proportions
for the dimension of beams and the dimensional limitations of beams. According to the NSCP, for
longitudinal reinforcement must have a two continuous reinforcing steel bar on top and bottom.
We also learn the effects of steel ratio in the beam and he explains also the limits for the steel ratio
because the steel ratio is the way to determine the number of bars on its beam section. And then
the effects of number of bars in the beam, we basically learned that the more bars we have in
the beam will give more strength but it will have an effect on its ductility. That is why the codes in
NSCP will help us to balance the strength and ductility of a beam. Then the effects of confinement,
in beams we called it stirrups. We discuss the importance of confinement, that confinement will
help to be more ductile the section. Then the difference between spiral and ties confinement
which the spiral confinement will give more proper confinement than ties confinement and more
advisable to use than ties. He also give some strategies to improve the ductility like using low
flexural reinforcement ratio, adding compression reinforcement and adding confining
reinforcement. These are basically the factors that the Code considered in the detailing of the
elements of Special Moment Frames to ensure that ductility is achieved. After the confinement,
we also learned the proper splicing in actual. The proper location of lap splices is only allowed in
the center. There are critical sections where we shouldn’t splice like inside the joint connections
and other limitations about the Codes. The conditions of putting hoops in the beams and also its
limitations.

The next one is column. For its dimensional limits, the shortest cross-sectional dimension shall
be at least 250 mm based on the Codes from NSCP. Also, the ratio of the shortest cross-sectional
dimension to the other dimension shall be at least 0.4. Then he explains why the column must be
stronger than the beam, because when the beam fails, it only affects the slab or the walls
connected to the beam unlike when the column fails will affect the whole structure. About
Longitudinal Reinforcement, the area of longitudinal reinforcement shall be at least 1% of Area of
column and shall not exceed 6% of Area of columns. Then the proper spacing of lateral ties or the
transverse reinforcement. Lastly, he talks about the Joints of Special Moment Frames. The Beam
Column Joint is defined as the portion of a column within the depth of the beams that frame into
it. And the proper placing of reinforcing bars and ties inside the joint. Joints need to be stronger
than the members framing into them. Beam-column joints in special moment frames are required
to transfer moments, shears and axial forces among the interconnected beams and columns.
Engr. Santos show some pictures takes form the past earthquakes. And we noticed that all failures
in the structures are about the confinement of members, lack of reinforcing bars, the dimensional
limits, etc.

But the most important thing, we should follow accurately the codes according in NSCP
because it will help us to design and build properly the structures and we can reduce/avoid the
damage when the earthquake or some disasters occurs. And also the proper execution of the
design in the actual.

THIS IS ME

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