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Lab Report

This experiment report details the preparation of esters through the reaction of carboxylic acids and alcohols. Four reaction mixtures were created using different acid-alcohol combinations and their characteristic odors were noted and compared to common fragrances. The results showed that esters were successfully formed in each reaction, as evidenced by their distinct, pleasant smells.

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Jois Saturos
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292 views3 pages

Lab Report

This experiment report details the preparation of esters through the reaction of carboxylic acids and alcohols. Four reaction mixtures were created using different acid-alcohol combinations and their characteristic odors were noted and compared to common fragrances. The results showed that esters were successfully formed in each reaction, as evidenced by their distinct, pleasant smells.

Uploaded by

Jois Saturos
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Experiment No.

7
Preparation of Esters- Laboratory Report in Chemistry 1
Jezzel Mae Quizana1, Kate Pamela Rey1, Eden Anne Sanchez1, Alexandra Natalie Sara1, Jois Saturos1
1
Group 7, 1FEU-NRMF

Abstract

The main objective of the experiment is esterification or the process of an acid and an alcohol to
produce an ester plus water. It uses the mixtures salicylic acid and methanol, acetic acid with ethanol and
isopropyl alcohol, and formic acid with isobutyl alcohol to produce ester products. All ester mixtures
have different kind of smells, many esters are pleasant-smelling substances and are, in fact, responsible
for the fragrances of many flowers and fruits.

Keywords: ester, fragrances, esterification

I. Introduction

The reaction between a carboxylic acid with alcohol results in the formation of an ester. The
reaction is carried out in concentrated acids, such as sulphuric to help remove the water from between the
acid and alcohol.

Many esters are pleasant-smelling substances and are, in fact, responsible for the fragrances of
many flowers and fruits. In this experiment, you will prepare and ester and then fractionally distill it to
purify and strengthen the aroma. This will be accomplished by first pouring the reaction mixture into
distilled water. The polar carboxylic acid, alcohol and sulphuric acid will dissolve into the water and the
less soluble ester should float to the surface where it will be removed as the first distillate.

II. Methodology

In this experiment the investigators used the following materials: For Alcohols: Methyl Alcohol,
Ethyl Alcohol, Isopentyl Alcohol, Isobutyl Alcohol. Next for Acids: Salicylic Acid, Acetic acid, formic
acid, sulfuric acid and lastly water bath, thermometer and watch glass.

For the first procedure, with the use of four clean and dry test tubes label each with its
corresponding substances (A, B, C D), carefully add 15 drops of liquid carboxylic acid or .15 g of solid
carboxylic acid. Next, add 15 drops of alcohol. After adding all the carboxylic acids tale note of the odor
of each reactant. For the second procedure, add 8 drops of concentarted sulfuric acid and mix well by gently
tapping the test tube with your finger. Last procedure, place the test tubes in a water bath with 60 degrees
Celcius for 15 minutes. After 15 minutes remove the test tubes and let it cool at room temperature. When
the test tubes are ready, add 2 mL of water to each test tube and carefully observe the organic liquid layer
formed above the water layer. Now, with the use of Pasteur pipette, take a few drops of the upper layer and
place it on a clean and dry watch glass. Don't forget to take note again of the odors of the esters formed
then compare it with the following odors: banana, nail polish remover, peach, raspberry and oil of
wintergreen.

III. Results and Discussion

In this experiment, a carboxylic acid will react with alcohol under acidic conditions to form the
corresponding esters. In the presence of an acid catalyst, esters can be prepared using this process. One of
the starting materials must be used in excess to push the reaction equilibrium to the right (in favor of the
ester). As the carboxylic acid from the reaction mixture is more easily removed, it will be used as the excess
reagent.

Reacting Systems Chemical Name of Product Characteristic Odor

Salicylic Acid and Methanol Methyl Salicylate Oil of Wintergreen

Acetic Acid and Ethanol Ethyl Acetate Nail Polish

Acetic Acid and Isopropyl Isopropyl Acetate Banana and Pear

Formic Acid and Isobutyl Isobutyl Formate Raspberry


Alcohol

Through washing with sodium bicarbonate and steam, much of the residual carboxylic acid and the
remaining alcohol will be eliminated during the extraction. The ester will be purified by fractional
distillation after drying with brine and anhydrous sodium sulfate. The esters produced have very familiar
and pleasing fragrances. Many perfumes and artificial flavorings contain esters. In fact, the characteristic
aromas of many herbs and fruits arise from esters found naturally in those plants.

IV. Conclusion

Carboxylic acid, any of a class of organic compounds in which a carbon (C) atom is bonded to an
oxygen (O) atom by a double bond and to a hydroxyl group (―OH) by a single bond. A fourth bond links
the carbon atom to a hydrogen (H) atom or to some other univalent combining group. The carboxyl (COOH)
group is so-named because of the carbonyl group (C=O) and a hydroxyl group.
Carboxylic acids are usually resistant to oxidation but there are some cases that they can be oxidized.

V. References

n.a.(n.d). Preparation and Purification of an Ester. Retrieve from


http://www2.ucdsb.on.ca/tiss/stretton/chem3/Lab_13_Ester_Formation%20and%20Purification.html

Britannica. (2008, August). Britannica. Retrieved November 13, 2019, from britannica.com:
https://www.britannica.com/science/carboxylic-acid

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