Executive Summary

Time is the most precious resource there is, and yet no one is perfect at utilizing
every single second. Hours can slip from the day, which can translate to wasted
money for employers, less valuable products for employees, and more urgent
deadlines for students. As inevitability flawed human beings, sometimes we
procrastinate, dither, get distracted, or simply focus on the small things for too long
so that the big things go haywire. Time management should be taught at an early
age so the skills can be utilized throughout one's life. Utilize the following
resources to master your time management skills and increase your productivity in
the workplace or at school.

Learning is considered to be an activity of stress free notifying of an exposure

received with mindfulness. Any form of stress is considered to be deblitative for
learning and life, even if adaptability could be acquired (eustress) its effects are
damaging. Part of setting priorities and goals is the emotion "worry," and its
function is to ignore the present to fixate on a future that never arrives, which leads
to the fruitless expense of one's time and energy. It is an unnecessary cost or a false
aspect that can interfere with plans due to human factors. Change is hard and daily
life patterns are the most deeply ingrained habits of all. To eliminate non-priorities
in study time it is suggested to divide the tasks, capture the moments, review task
handling method, postpone unimportant tasks, control life balance (rest, sleep,
leisure), and cheat leisure and non productive time (hearing audio taping of
lectures, going through presentations of lectures when in queue, etc.).

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Certain unnecessary factors that affect time management are habits, lack of task
definition (lack of clarity), over-protectiveness of the work, guilt of not meeting
objectives and subsequent avoidance of present tasks, defining tasks with higher
expectations than their worth (over-qualifying), focusing on matters that have an
apparent positive outlook without assessing their importance to personal needs,
tasks that require support and time, sectional interests and conflicts, etc.A
habituated systematic process becomes a device that the person can use with
ownership for effective time management.

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 1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 Introduction
In the modern world, time is seen as an indefinitely divisible and usable
commodity. It helps to infuse the concept of time through the institution. All the
material and human resources possessed by organizations can be enhanced in the
course of time or be transformed as time goes on; yet the only asset that cannot be
changed or purchased or stored is time itself. The secret to achieving success in
life is effectively managing this resource that everyone possesses equally and
paying sufficient emphasis to planning. Though effective and efficient use of time
varies with respect to the tasks performed, the further increase in the level of
knowledge and skills expected from modern employees has further increased the
necessity of time planning. The road to success in social life passes through
effective and efficient working which is only possible via time management. The
competitive environment we live in today encourages people from as early as their
elementary education to plan and manage time effectively. The high performance
required by competitive conditions forces organizations and directors to use time
effectively and stipulates the search to control time. Time management plays a
vital role in improving student’s academic performance and achievements. Each
and every student should have time management ability which includes setting
goals & priorities, using time management mechanism and being organized in
using time. Here time management is only possible through self-motivation;
performance, ability and motivation. These are the few activities performed by
today’s university students, which act as a barrier between them and their academic
performance. Due to miss management of time they gap behind. This study will
help to analyze the positive or negative impact of time management on academic
performance of students. It will also help to make some decision about changes we

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would like to make to use our time more effectively. There is no one right way to
manage our time; however; it is important to get to know our self, so we can make
good decisions about how to use our time. Likewise, in the process of providing
educational services this issue has been a subject of interest discussed and
emphasized in several platforms and an attempt has been initiated to assess and
analyze time and the time management attitudes and behaviors of students in
educational institutes. In developing countries where students have a lot of issues
during academic journey have a new story for the researcher to dig out much more
interesting results. Time management practices have an impact on the results of
students as empirical studies done by past researchers. In spite of knowing about
the impact of time on academic achievement, this relationship is not given
importance by the students. At higher education level the study schedule must
properly planned, implemented and controlled for better results. Emphasizing time
also helps to develop cost effective educational policies by the authorities
especially at higher education level. Ongoing problem of scarcity of knowledge in
connection with time management and academic outputs is due to lack of easiness
and of costly ways of collecting data. Driven by this fact, particular emphasis has
been paid in the modern education system to time management issues by
evaluating students’ attitudes and behaviors related to time and its management.
Based on the necessity of effective time management required from students
during their academic and professional life, field research has been conducted in
the present paper towards the aim of designating their position with respect to
effective time management and determining the effect of their time management
skills on their academic achievements.

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1.2 Problem statement
Time management has a significant impact on the lives of the students commonly
for those who are studying in the higher education institutions where there is no
existence of parent and teacher supervision. The main objective of the current
research is that to which extent time management practices influences the
academic achievement of the university students in higher education institution of
a developing country like Bangladesh.

1.3 Objectives
1. To assist students to have command to how effectively utilization of the time
management for their academic achievements.
2. To find the interrelation between time management and academic achievements
of the students.
3. To create an attempt to fill the gaps exist in the research of time management
and academic
achievements of the students.
4. To explore more and more knowledge of time management and academic
achievement of the students.
5. To explore the concealed association between academic achievement and the
time management practices in a developing country like Bangladesh.

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 2. LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Time management

There is a titanic difference between secondary and higher education when it
comes to managing time and academic responsibilities. In secondary education,
there was the kind of learning that includes an explanation of everything. On the
other hand, when students enter university, they find out that what they learn is a
lecture, that only includes superficial information and the rest is their job to know
about and explore further. Time management is a skill that every student should
not only know, but also apply. A lot of university students complain about running
out of time when asked to do a certain task, they get frustrated because they are
not able to make it before the deadline. Time management is extremely important,
especially when it comes to university students because it will boost their grades
and enhance their productivity.
However, most of the time students face problems like task aversion and
uncertainty, so they start to procrastinate because they lack organizational skills.
As a result, students will not be able to organize duties according to their
priorities, so they get distracted easily, ending up procrastinating. As we can see,
time management is quite essential to any university student, and it is one of the
keys to higher academic achievements . The students’ time management skills
affect their academic achievement at a significant level and the skills are one of
the predictors of academic performance. Students should start to acquire time
management senses on their own in their primary school years by reading materials
on the issue or via the framework of psychological counseling and guidance
studies applied in schools and adopt effective time management attitudes and

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techniques to determine how and where they spend their time .The various group
of students who exploited time-saving proficiencies notably had rich academic
achievement. They accomplished those students who do not use time saving
techniques in their educational surrounding having significantly lower academic
as compared to results students who employ time- management tactics have
Journal of Literature, Languages and Linguistics considerably higher achievement.
To calculate the cumulative time spent working during a week, these objects were
also added. Time management practices have been proven to be some of the top
indicators toward achieving a high level of academic success and performance.
They not only influences on the achievement but using time management
techniques also serve only one reason meaning that there are multipurpose fulfilled
by time management . Taking part in proceedings and being engaged in other
outside class activities, not inevitably a job, but being energetic in institution also
has a strong correlation to reaching high academic achievements. Various studies
showed that time management practices serve for many purposes not only for
challenging performance of the students. Time management practices show the
way not only to a high level of academic performance, but to good physical
condition and lower levels of stress.

2.2 Dimensions of time management

The effectual utilizing of time and managing time requires procedures and good
quality planning behaviors. One can make use of time effectively and competently
by keeping time logs, setting immediate and long- standing goals, prioritizing
responsibilities, constructing to-do lists and arrangement, and organize one’s
workspace, as studies of earlier period and plentiful how-to books proposed . Time
saving techniques and behaviors can be categorized into numerous groups and be

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liable to contribute to a number of fundamental qualities in general. There are
three surfaces of time management behaviors: short-range planning, long- range
planning and time attitudes .Short-range planning is the capability to set out and
systematize responsibilities in the short period of time. Long-range planning
competence is to handle everyday jobs over a longer time perspective by keeping
follow of significant dates and setting objectives by putting adjournment.
A. Long Range Planning
Long-range planning means to have long-range objectives and having disciplined
routines. Various researchers named it as having perception of a preference for
organization and it is comparable to long range planning. To acquire a summary
on the everyday jobs that necessitate to be executed, time limits and priorities
which increases the perception of having control over time so, in the long run,
planning enables one to deal with all activities . It directs to have less perception
of control over time because it may be tackling to be familiar with how much
effort requires to be completed within hours, days or weeks; it may even be the
immediately measurable effect of planning. This gives the impression to indicate
that time management practices accomplish to have an influence on educational
achievement, but that’s not all they affect . It was also found that the students had
advanced overall academic achievements who accounted using goal-oriented time
management practices.
B. Short Range Planning
Short-range planning was defined as time management activities surrounded by
daily or weekly time structure and cover the activities such as setting objectives at
the commencement of the day, planning and prioritizing daily behaviors and
creation work contents. Numerous studies invented that short-range planning
behavior, forecasting of time in the short run, surrounded by the time enclose of a
week or less, established a constructive relationship to grade point average. Short
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range planning in interface with accomplishment determined was optimistically
associated to dealing performance as well. Likewise, most of the studies that
control for the student time do so by determining total time committed to the
course, a variable normally found to be unimportant.
C. Time Attitude
Time management demands a key shift in emphasis: concentrate on results, not on
being busy. There are a lot of cases with people who waste their lives in
discolored doings and attain very small since they are placing their labors into the
incorrect responsibilities or weakening to focus their activity successfully,
established that two time management workings directly affect the collective
academic achievements .The
perception of how their time requires to be used up or planning including utilizing
short and long period goals and time attitudes or students accomplished that both
planning and encouraging time attitudes initiated that they had much more time to
finish their everyday jobs because they experiences more in control of how their
time.

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 3. Methodology
3.1 Primary data (interviews)

For this term paper we mainly focused on primary data, means we conducted
interview to know the perception.

Recently we have taken an interview from Mohammad Imran Nazir, AGM

of Hamilton Metal Corporation,Bengal Group of Industries and he shared
some important points about how to manage time porperly, benefits of time
management and consequences of poor management..

How to Manage

Setting clear goals, breaking your goals down into discreet steps, and reviewing
your progress towards your goals are covered in Action Planning

 prioritising 
 organising 
 list making 
 persevering when things are not working out and avoiding
procrastination.

3.2 Secondary resources

We mainly used our book as a secondary resource. We take some notes from the
internet.

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 4. Findings

4.1 Benefits of proper Time Management

 Better morale
 Lower absenteeism
 Less employee burnout Greater productivity

4.2 Consequences of poor Management

 Missed deadlines
 Disorganization
 Poor work quality
 A poorer reputation and a stalled career
 Higher stress levels
 Wasted time
There are many advantages if we manage the time properly.
 We can accomplish more with less effort
 Improved decision-making ability.
 Become more successful in your career
 Learning opportunities are everywhere
 Reduce stress
 Self-discipline is valuable

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 5. Conclusion and Recommendations
Certain unnecessary factors that affect time management are :

 habits
 lack of task definition
 over-protectiveness of the work
 guilt of not meeting objectives and subsequent avoidance of present tasks
etc

A habituated systematic process becomes a device that the person can use with
ownership for effective time management.

Bibliography

www.google.com

www.Wikipedia.org

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