CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the Study

The Airport is the point access, interaction, and interrelationship between
the local, regional, and global community. The Airport is the point of interface
and transition between the various modes of surface and air transportation
and is of critical importance to the whole transportation network. The
passenger terminal is one of the most essential elements of the Airport due to
its essential role in providing services to air travelers. (Adler, 2001).
The Airport plays a vital role in social and economic and in the quality of
human experience. Air Transportation is a fundamental need for the economic
development of a state. Airport activities are subject to a significant degree of
uncertainty, both in design and management. (Shuchi, Drogemuller & buys,
2107). Air travel can be distinguished into two general classifications: Domestic
and International Flights. A form of flight where the departure and the arrival
take place in the same country are called domestic flights. A form of flight
where the departure and the arrival take place in different countries are called
International flights.
Azote., et al (2013) stated that a domestic airport is an airport which
handles only domestic flights or flights within the country. Domestic Airport does
not have customs and immigration facilities and therefore incapable of
handlings flights to or from a foreign airport. In coordination with the major
airports and airlines that are having more options with creating diversity in
domestic flights available for each region, there are lots of airport projects in
the Philippines. These airport projects vary in structural design and project cost.
The Batanes Islands lie on the northernmost of the Philippines, 150
kilometers from the southern tip of Taiwan and 200 kilometers from the north
coast of Luzon. The biggest and economically most famous islands are Batan,
Itbayat, and Sabtang among the 10 main islands of the province. Basco, on
Batan Island, is the capital. Almost half of the terrain in Batanes is composed of
hills and mountains. Geographically isolated from the big vital islands and
archipelagos of the country, the Batanes Islands are surprisingly unspoiled and
different. The climate of the Batanes Islands is reasonably changeable, with
their population of 17,000 souls as of 2015. The islands also have very distinctive
landscapes. Steep cliffs, rolling hills, deep canyons, undulating plains and
boulder-lined shores characterize the land. The people who inhabit the islands
of Batanes are called Ivatans. (Uy, 2008).
Batanes, a picturesque setting in the northernmost island province of the
Philippines remains to be a dream travel destination for many. From green
rolling hills under the blue skies to harmonious landscapes and seascapes to
cobblestone-walled houses topped with cogon roof to the quaint way of living
of the Ivatans (locals), the “home of the winds” continues to amaze visitors.
(Sunstar,2017). Resulting, Increase of tourist growth Thousands in a year. Some
of the tourist attraction are classified into two distinctions; first, Natural
attractions such as Sabtang island where the lighthouse located, Itbayan and
Batan Island, etc. second, is the Man-made attractions such as Radar Tukon,

1
Ruins of Songsong, San Jose church, etc. (Guia,2014). There are hotels and
accommodations where you can stay-in and relax with affordable rate (see
fig. 1.1-1).

Figure 1.1-1.: Batan Isaland Tourist Spot Destination

Figure 1.1-2: Itbayat Island Tourist Spot Destination

2
 Figure 1.1-3: Sabtang Island Tourist Spot Destination

The climate and topography in Batanes is different from any other

province in the country. The weather is rather cool and windy. It has an
almost temperate temperature which can dip as low as 7°C. The province is
constantly battered by wind, rain and typhoons. It has no pronounced wet or
dry season, while it is almost always raining, from a minimum of 8 days a
month to a maximum of 21 days a month. (Uy, 2008). Weather is the most
immediate impact related to meteorological conditions. There are a range of
different weather-related developments that could lead to alterations in
flight operations. For example, increased fog, harmattan haze and
thunderstorm could result in more diversions of flight cancellations. (Hosea,
2019). Thermal comfort conditions were highlighted together with space
layout as basic factors, indicating that their underperformance has a
prominently negative effect on overall satisfaction. The thermal environment
was shown to influence overall comfort in airport terminals which is perceived
as important only when expectations are not fulfilled. (Kotopouleas &
Nikolopoulou,2017).
Natives built their dwellings to address fundamental issues such as
earthquakes, hot humid summer months, strong typhoons and continuous
monsoon rains. The low houses with their heavy stone walls and thick grass roofs
are not found anywhere else in the country. They are vernacular architecture
of lime, stone, wood and thatch. They are designed to adapt to extreme
conditions of a region that is dominated by the unpredictable climate. The
people realize that their unique ways provide the special quality that ensures
the perpetuation of Batanes as a living cultural landscape. Situated between
the equatorial latitudes of Cancer and Capricorn, the sun hovers almost
3
directly above generating an environment that is warm and fertile during
summer. During the rainy season, inhabitants nestle inside their cozy houses
with abundant stock of agricultural products that will last throughout the rest
of the year. (Ignacio, 2009)
Tourism is responsible for a large portion of the income on several of the
small islands. An island that makes it as a tourist hotspot should count on a
definite increase in their income. (Lapping, 2012). According to Lamb and
Davidson (1996), transportation is one of the three fundamental components
of tourism, the other two being the tourism product (supply) and the tourism
market (demand, or the tourists themselves). The two main components of an
average tourist's budget are accommodation and the airfare (Assaf and
Josiassen, 2012). The arrival experience of tourists significantly influences the
service-quality image of destination airports (Castillo-Manzano, 2010). The
negative consequences are even greater when this area is a small island.
According to the study of Babasa (2010) that to maintain tourists’ interest
in particular destinations, places may offer advantages of extending tourism
season. Residents may enjoy initial interest in their community and economic
gains when the influx of the tourists, existing residential lifestyle, social impact is
predominantly negative and this disruption causes development tourism,
although tourism is perceived to give energizing powers in a community
tourism system other perceived them as commercial. Lubis, et al (2000) stated
that services rendered by the selected domestic trunk airline companies, there
are problems that sometimes occur in the airline business operation however
they are within the management control.
Hall (1998) explains that tourism at the same can bring otherwise remote
islands in contact with globalization. This is often considered a positive chance.
However, at the same time there is also the possibility that globalization, which
goes hand in hand with modernization, is responsible for the loss of culture. It is
clear that tourism has both positive and negative side-effects; and it is up to
the inhabitants of small islands to decide which are more important for the
island, an increase of income or the preservation of the eco-system. According
to Azote., et al (2013) Batanes has a massive growth of tourism because of the
warmth and culture of the people, and its fascinating natural environment.
(see Figure 1.4). Of late, tourism is recognized as a major contributor to the
generation of foreign exchange, earnings, investments and revenues to the
growth of the community output. It is considered as a catalyst for construction.

4
 Batanes Tourist Arrival
60000

50000

40000

30000

20000

10000

0
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
(JANUARY TO
JUNE)

Local Foreign

Figure 1.1-4: Batanes Tourist Arrival

The Basco Batanes Airport is a domestic airport, classified as a Class 2

principal (minor domestic Airport), it is just a kilometer away from the
government center of the Provincial Government of Batanes and host
municipality of Basco. Basco Airport is the principal gateway serving the
Province and the land area of the site is 34.69 hectares located near the
footprint of the volcano of the island surrounded by its farms, residential areas,
and hotels. The Airport serves from and to domestic destinations such as Clark,
Manila, Laoag and Tuguegarao operated by local airlines, cebgo, skyjet, Pal
express, sky pasada, and airswift.
The problem of the airport is mainly on the terminal and physical
characteristics of the airport, passenger’s terminal in terms of inadequate
space and facility the comfortability of the passengers and the queuing of the
passengers for the physical characteristic of the airport the lack of safety
fixtures like Runway lighting is used to define the edges of a runway during
nighttime and low visibility conditions. Runway lighting is classified into three
types of systems based upon illumination intensity and level of control: High
Intensity Runway Lighting (HIRL), Medium Intensity Runway Lighting (MIRL), and
Low Intensity Runway Lighting (LIRL), (BAHÇELİOĞLU,2104) and markings there
is also problem in maintaining the growth of surrounding vegetation specially
the grass it because it extent towards the runway.
Basco Airport in Batanes is in need of new modification as it's tourism
increasingly rapidly. Local and Foreign tourist arrival demands urgent
development on the facilities and amenities though people in charge of the
place still want to preserve the context of their culture. With this problem in
hand, One of the Officer in charge dictates the needs to develop on-site and
some additional spaces and improvements. The ongoing development of
Basco airport is the perimeter fence and runway strip.

5
1.2 Statement of the Problem
Due to the increasing population of tourism of the Batanes, it leads to
the problem of the study, which is to redevelop the Basco Batanes airport that
can provide quality service and comfortable facilities that have a design base
on their culture providing a sense of place.
1. What airport facilities/amenities that needs to improve in order to meet
the individual comforts of the users?
2. What will be the redevelopments needed in the airfield?
3. What are the important climatic conditions of the site that needs to be
considered for building design?

1.3 Hypothesis

1. Among the airport facilities that are necessary for the redevelopment
and improvement, the airport terminal as a whole need to be redesign
for the accommodation of expansion and additional amenities. The
expansion of the departure areas and arrival areas has to be done due
to the growth of airlines accommodation within the airport terminal. For
the additional amenity of the terminal, it would be a housing
accommodation for passengers that experienced cancelled flights
especially for tourist’s passengers.

2. For the airfield, the expansion of outer strip of the runway is needed for
the maintenance of the vegetation surrounding it specifically grass. The
lighting of the runway also needs to be improved for the night flight
operation. There should also be an additional apron and helipad on the
runway and an expansion of taxi-lane in order to accommodate
sequential flights.

3. Considering the site as a path of typhoon and located in a pacific ring

of fire, it needs to be considered for the building design. Since the
climatic condition of the site is hot tropical and rainy seasons, applying
passive design through weather responsive design is a must that also
achieves site suitability and sustainability.

1.4 Objectives of the Study

 To improve airport facilities/amenities that will serve a quality services for

all airport customers and users.

 To redevelop the airport facilities according to its future needs and

expansions.

 To design a building that will adapt climatic condition or weather of the

site (e.g. wind, rain, visibility).

6
1.5 Conceptual Framework

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

 Easy orientation
 Minimize walking
Site distance
 Circulation Analysis
 Passengers flow

 Main building
(Departure, Arrival  Climatological  Airspace
and others) Analysis considerations
 Local climate
 Air field  Typhoon path

Users
 Airport employee’s
Demographics Population  Meeters and
greeters
 leisure and visitors
 passengers

Existing Condition of the Level of comfort

 Observation
Site safety
 Survey
Maintenance
 interview

 Cost/benefit
analysis
Livelihood Promotes their culture
 Cost effectiveness
of options

 Sustainable design
 Weather Responsive
Climatic data Site analysis design
 Environment Friendly
design

7
1.6. Scope and Limitations of the Study
The scope of the study is restricted to the redevelopment of Basco,
Batanes Airport’s building areas such as terminal building, control tower,
parking, turning curb, airside areas like the apron, taxiway, and turning pad.
Whereas the economic feasibility of the project is limited to the government’s
budgetary constraints for the redevelopment.
The study did not cover the local culture that could be adopt for
enriching the identity of the place which could be recommend for the next
researcher.

1.7. Significance of the Study

With three biggest islands being only ones inhabited: Sabtang, Batan,
and Itbayat. Sabtang and Itbayat are their own municiplaties, while Batan is
further divided into Basco, Mahatao, Ivana, and Uyugan. The capital and also
the most populated – Basco, is a small town where the airport is located. These
days, Batanes has been continuously developing its tourism industry, mostly
known for its breathtaking landscapes and seascapes, unique food, and
friendly people. Dubbed as the “Home of the winds”.
The airport terminal faces the challenge of providing enough and comfortable
accommodation due to lack of space. This study aims to introduce the airport
terminal as a space of comfort with facilities that will attend to the needs of
passengers, visitors and staff alike while also highlighting the culture of Batanes.
Through adaptive and innovative design features, combining building
modernization and traditional architecture will make visitors experience the
rich and unique cultural heritage of the province developed through the years.
The main goal of this study is to promote the unique value and impact of the
building to the passengers, visitors and staff. Adapting the local methods or
building technologies in the modern architecture exterior and interior that may
give an additional impact to the users and visitors that may feel like that they
are in a different place.

8
CHAPTER 2: METHODOLOGY
2.1. Methods of Inquiry
Under quantitative methods, survey was used through online
questionnaire for the passengers who are locals and tourists of the place in
order to measure the level of comfortability of the existing airport facilities and
its building post occupancy where it reflect the necessary improvements for
the airport terminal as a whole in a user’s perspective. The data gathered had
undergone by statistical analysis presented on the tabular form. The data were
analyzed and presented through descriptive statistics such as frequency and
percentages. Also, to know the level of comfortability and to identify significant
relationships across the variables, we ran a cross-tabulation. This specific test is
used to analyze variables that are of possible correlations, for example, what
is the common purpose of the travelers of age range 19-30 years old. These
statistical analyses were done using IBM SPSS version 21 Software.
For the tourist’s projection, the statistician used Eviews software. The
statistician evaluated the trend of the tourist’s data from 2012 to June of 2019
then presented plots and descriptive statistics such as the mean, median,
mode, minimum and maximum. After the evaluation, the data undergone Holt
winters exponential smoothing (HWES). Exponential smoothing methods are
methods that produce forecasts with simple formula, taking into account trend
and seasonal effects of the data.
On the other hand, under qualitative methods, interview, observation,
and photo-documentation was conducted. The interview was performed with
one of the Basco Batanes airport officer with regards to the whole
redevelopment needed for the airport facilities and the airfield. The
observation was applied on the circulation of the users specifically the
passengers in order to map out the traffic flow within the terminal that shows
the relationship of the departing areas versus the arriving areas.
In order to map out the climatic condition of the site, a site analysis was
done from climatic data which shows the solar patterns, wind directions and
typhoon path. The climatic data consisted of the local monthly temperature
data, precipitation data, and the map of monthly typhoon data.

9
CHAPTER 3: DATA PRESENTATION

3.1. Results and discussions

3.1.1. Existing Physical Conditions and Information of Airport

Table 3.1.1-1 Existing Physical Conditions and Information

I. Basic Information About the Basco, Batanes Airport
Particulars Description
Name of Airport BASCO AIRPORT
Airport codes ICAO: RPUO & IATA: BSO
Classification Principal Class 2
Town/Province: Basco, Batanes
Region: Region II
Location
Aerodrome Area Cluster: AAC II

Land Area 26 Hectares

20 degrees 27’01.3348’’ N Latitude.
Airport Reference Point 121 degrees 58’ 43.2991’’ E
Longitude.
II. Runways
Runway Designation Number 06/24
Runway Elevation 88.90 meter (291.00’)
Runway Efficient Grade 4.08 percent
Runway Pavement Strength PCN 24 F/B/Y/T (Asphalt)
Magnetic Bearing 2 degrees W / 1 ‘increasing
III. Airport Movement Areas
Runway 1,250 x 30 meters (Asphalt)
Apron 120 x 34 m (Concrete / Asphalt)
Taxiway 32 x 20 meters
40 x 30 m Rwy06 (Macadam)
Stopway
60 x 30 Rwy24 (Asphalt)
83 m on Rwy06 (Macadam)
Clearway
92 m Rwy24 (Asphalt)
Runway Shoulder 7.5 x 1,250 meters
Runway Strip 1,433 x 90 meters
IV. Airport Facilities
14 x 25.9 meters (Existing)
Passenger Terminal Building
34.00 x 40.90 meters
Cargo Terminal Building None
Fire Station Building 8.3 x 12.8 meters
Administration Building 6.5 x 7.5 meters
Guest House 6 x 8.4 meters
Vehicular Parking Area Open space available
Maintenance Building / Bodega 8.50 x 12 meters

V. ANS and ATS Facilities

10
 Flight Service Station 5 x 5 meters (3F)
Power Plant Building
6 x 10 meters
(old)
Power plant Building
5 x 9 meters
(new)
NDB Building 6 x 6 meters
Air Traffic Service DME, NB, HF, VHF Radio
Weather Instrument
Bar, WSI, WDI, RTI/DPI
System
- Precision Approach Path
Visual Aids Indicator Lights Rwy06
- Aerodrome Beacon Light
VI. Power and Water supply
Commercial Power Local Utility, Reliable with moderate power
Source outage
Engineer Year
Capacity Status
Manufacturer installed
Genset
Iveco 15.0 kva 2002 Operational
Perkins 30.0 kva 2002 Operational
HDPE 4,800 ltrs 2009 Operational
overhead
Concrete 18,000 2011 Operational
Water Tanks
overhead ltrs
Concrete 22,504 2011 Operational
Cistern ltrs

Runway. The Basco Airport’s runway basis is Manual of Standards for

Aerodromes. With a designated number of 06/24 and elevated at 88.90
meters AMSL. It has an asphalt surface with PCN 24 F/B/Y/T Runway
Pavement Strength. The runway direction is in great orientation because it
follows the wind direction and easily take-off concerning safety ones.

Aerial view of Basco Airport Runway

Source: youtube.com
Aircraft Movement. The Apron is directly attached to the runway which is in
accordance with Manual of Standards for Aerodmes so that when airplane
11
 parked on it, it is easily and not making obstruction in transitional surfaces. The
Airport does have Taxiway,clearway, runway shoulder and strips. It also, have
Stopway with a distance of 30 meters from end of runway up to the end of
runway strip which is not a accordance with Manual of Standards for
Aerodomes. For a Principal Class 2 Airport the stopway distance at least 60
meters before the end of, the runway strip on which an eroplane may be
stopped in the case of an aborted take-off.

Terminal Facilities. The terminal facilities of the Basco Airport consist of the
maintenance building,guest house,Cargo terminal building,fire
station,administraton building, passenger terminal building and Vehicular
parking Area but there is no proper circulations and it is not properly used
locations.

3.1.2. Growth Rate

Table shows the growth of tourist arrival from 2018 increasing by
153.21% by 2030 by using of Average rate and data forecasting.

Table 3.1.2-1 Actual Data of Tourist from 2012 - 1st Semester of 2019

No. of Tourist Arrival

Period 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
January 168 181 1100 1998 2503 2789 3635 5473
February 257 302 1496 2837 2879 3071 4673 6711
March 455 997 2155 3540 3401 3359 5650 7158
April 695 960 2857 3280 3381 4141 6738 6109
May 941 980 1936 3258 3508 3726 6699 5580
June 573 677 1600 2120 2685 2454 5138 3724
July 89 141 757 1204 1751 1615 2928
August 15 118 594 898 1394 1414 2413
September 39 53 707 1384 1270 1619 2603
October 36 121 946 1391 1466 1787 3332
November 28 229 1131 1662 1403 2387 3135
December 115 416 1820 1810 1753 2462 3263
Total 3411 5175 17099 25382 27394 30824 50207

12
 Table 3.1.2-2 Tourist Projection from 2nd semester of 2019 to 2030

No. of Tourist Arrival

Peri 201 202 202 202 202 202 202 202 202 202 202 203
od 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0
Jan. 547 396 461 526 591 656 721 786 1046
8513 9163 9813
3 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
Feb 671 441 506 571 636 701 766 831 1026 1091
8962 9612
. 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
Mar 715 499 564 629 693 758 823 888 1018 1083 1148
9539
. 8 0 0 0 9 9 9 9 9 9 9
Apr. 610 534 599 664 729 794 859 924 1054 1119 1184
9896
9 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6
Ma 558 520 585 650 715 780 845 910 1040 1105 1170
9752
y 0 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
Jun. 372 437 502 567 632 697 762 827 1022 1087
8924 9574
4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 3
July 275 340 405 470 535 600 665 730
7958 8608 9257 9907
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
Aug 252 317 382 447 512 577 642 707
7723 8373 9023 9673
. 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3
Sep 264 329 394 459 524 589 654 719
7842 8492 9142 9792
t. 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
Oct 284 349 414 479 544 609 674 739
8042 8692 9342 9992
. 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 2
Nov 297 362 427 492 557 622 687 752 1012
8170 8820 9470
. 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0
Dec 320 385 450 515 580 645 710 775 1035
8408 9058 9708
. 9 9 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
Tota 517 491 569 647 725 803 881 959 103 111 119 127
l 01 34 34 33 32 32 31 30 730 529 328 128

13
 DATA_BATANES
8,000

7,000

6,000

5,000

4,000

3,000

2,000

1,000

0
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

Figure 3.1.2-1: No. of Tourists from 2012 M01 -2019 M06

Date:
09/15/19
Time: 15:28
Sample: 2012M01 2019M06

DATA_BATANES

Mean 2158.300
Median 1752.000
Maximum 7158.000
Minimum 15.00000

On the graph, it shows the projection of the growth rate of tourism in

Basco Batanes from 2012 to 2019.

3.1.3. Questionnaire About the Airport Terminal from Passengers Results and
Discussions

The researchers conducted a online surveys and interviews. This is to

support of further update information.

A total of 383 respondents were each given an online survey and give
feedbacks or opinions of what will be possible solutions to design an airport
terminal well; functionally,aesthetically and culture adoptation. It is a random
ranging online surveys from nationwide as well as parts of the world. The
tables shown and demographic also represents mostly employed
respondents,students and foreign tourist. Most of which have also visited
Basco, Batanes.

14
3.1.3.1 Demographic

Table 3.1.3.1-a: Gender

Gender

Frequency Percent

Male 200 52.2

Valid Female 183 47.8
Total 383 100.0

Figure 3.1.3.1-a Gender Bracket of Respondents

Out of the 383 respondents, all respondents answered. The figure shows
that the higher percentage are the male with a total percentage of 52.22%
or 200 respondents and the lowest are female with a total percentage of
47.78% or 183 respondents.

15
 Table 3.1.3.1-b: Age
Age
Valid Cumulative
Frequency Percent
Percent Percent
less
than 18
35 9.1 9.2 9.2
years
old
19-30
years 224 58.5 58.6 67.8
old
31-50
Valid
years 99 25.8 25.9 93.7
old
51-64
years 19 5.0 5.0 98.7
old
65 and
5 1.3 1.3 100.0
above
Total 382 99.7 100.0
Missing System 1 .3
Total 383 100.0

Figure 3.1.3.1-b Age Bracket of Respondents

Out of 383 respondents, all respondents answered. The figure shows

that the highest percentage are at the ages of 19-30 years’ old which is
58.64% or 224 respondents and the lowest percentage are at the ages of 65
years old and above which is 1.31% or 5 respondents.

16
 Table 3.1.3.1-c: Type of Passengers

Frequency Percent
Local 99 25.85%
Tourist 284 74.15 %
Total 383 100

Types of Passengers

26%

Local
Tourist

74%

Figure 3.1.3.1-c Type of Passengers

Out of the 383 respondents, all respondents answered. The figure shows
that the higher percentage are the tourist with a total percentage of 74.15%
or 284 respondents and the lowest are the local with a total percentage of
25.85 % or 99 respondents.
Tourist. A Person who is not residence in the province and a person who is
travelling or visiting a place.
Locals. A Filipino ethnolinguistic group predominant in the islands of Batanes.

17
 Table 3.1.3.1-d Purpose to Visit Basco Batanes

Valid Cumulative
Frequency Percent
Percent Percent
To visit
family or 104 27.2 27.2 27.2
relatives
To study
64 16.7 16.8 44.0
or work
Valid To take a
206 53.8 53.9 97.9
vacation
To
1 .3 .3 98.2
migrate
Resident 7 1.8 1.8 100.0
Total 382 99.7 100.0
Missing System 1 .3
Total 383 100.0

Figure 3.1.3.1-d Purpose to Visit Basco Batanes

Out of 383 respondents, all respondents answered. The highest percentage

answered is to take a vacation with 53.93% or 206 respondents and the
lowest is to migrate with a 0.26% or 1 respondent.

18
3.1.3.2 Frequency of Flights

Table 3.1.3.1-e Frequency of Flights to and from Basco Batanes Airport

Valid Cumulative
Frequency Percent
Percent Percent
one to
two 220 57.4 57.4 57.4
times
three to
Valid 81 21.1 21.1 78.6
five times
five or
82 21.4 21.4 100.0
more
Total 383 100.0 100.0

Figure 3.1.3.1-e Frequency of Flights to and from Basco Batanes Airport

Out of 383 respondents, all respondents answered. The highest

percentage is one to two times with 57.44% or 220 respondents and the
lowest is three to five times with 21.15% or 81 respondents.

19
 Table 3.1.3.1-f: Did you experience cancelled flights when staying into Basco Batanes and
going to Manila or Tuguegarao?

Valid Cumulative
Frequency Percent
Percent Percent
Yes 216 56.4 56.4 56.4
Valid No 167 43.6 43.6 100.0
Total 383 100.0 100.0

Figure 3.1.3.1-f Respondents that Experience Cancelled Flights

Out of 383 respondents, all respondents answered. The highest

percentage answered is yes with 56.40% or 216 respondents.

20
 Table 3.1.3.1-g: If yes, where did you stay until the next flight?

Valid Cumulative
Frequency Percent
Percent Percent
Hotel 61 15.9 29.0 29.0
House
of
family
101 26.4 48.1 77.1
or
Valid
relativ
e
Resort 23 6.0 11.0 88.1
Airport 25 6.5 11.9 100.0
Total 210 54.8 100.0
Missing System 173 45.2
Total 383 100.0

Figure 3.1.3.1-g Place of Stay during Cancelled Flights

Out 383 respondents, all respondents are answered. The highest

percentage is house of family or relatives with 48.10% or 101 respondents and
the lowest is the resort with 10.95% or 23 respondents.

21
 3.1.3.3 Level of Comfortability for Terminal Areas by Passengers

Table 3.1.3.1-h: Level of Comfortability - Departure Area

Frequency Percent

Very Dissatisfied 1 .3
Dissatisfied 79 20.6
Valid Neutral 222 58.0
Satisfied 4 1.0
Very Satisfied 77 20.1
Total 383 100.0

Level of Comfortability - Departure Area

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0
Very Dissatisfied Dissatisfied Neutral Satisfied Very Satisfied

Percentage

Figure 3.1.3.1-h Respondent’s Comfortability in Departure Area

Out of 383 respondents, all respondent answered. The highest

percentage is neutral which is 58.0% or 222 respondents and the lowest is very
dissatisfied which is .3% or 1 respondent.

22
 Table 3.1.3.1-i: Level of Comfortability - Arrival Area

Frequency Percent

Very Dissatisfied 2 .5
Dissatisfied 167 43.6
Valid Neutral 135 35.2
Satisfied 35 9.1
Very Satisfied 44 11.5
Total 383 100.0

Level of Comfortability - Arrival Area

50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
Very Dissatisfied Dissatisfied Neutral Satisfied Very Satisfied

Percentage

Figure 3.1.3.1-i Respondent’s Comfortability in Arrival Area

Out of 383 respondents, all respondent answered. The highest

percentage is dissatisfied which is 43.6% or 167 respondents and the lowest is
very dissatisfied which is .5% or 2 respondents.

23
 Table 3.1.3.1-j: Level of Comfortability - Baggage Claim Area
Frequency Percent
Very Dissatisfied 2 .5
Dissatisfied 128 33.4
Valid Neutral 107 27.9
Satisfied 102 26.6
Very Satisfied 44 11.5
Total 383 100.0

Level of Comfortability - Baggage Claim Area

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

0
Very Dissatisfied Dissatisfied Neutral Satisfied Very Satisfied

Percentage

Figure 3.1.3.1-j Respondent’s Comfortability in Baggage Claim Area

Out of 383 respondents, all respondent answered. The highest

percentage is dissatisfied which is 33.4% or 128 respondents and the lowest is
very satisfied which is .5% or 2 respondents.

24
 Table 3.1.3.1-k: Level of Comfortability - Ticketing Area
Frequency Percent

Very Dissatisfied 1 .3
Dissatisfied 175 45.7
Valid Neutral 139 36.3
Satisfied 18 4.7
Very Satisfied 50 13.1
Total 383 100.0

Level of Comfortability - Ticketing Area

50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
Very Dissatisfied Dissatisfied Neutral Satisfied Very Satisfied

Percentage

Figure 3.1.3.1-k Respondent’s Comfortability in Ticketing Area

Out of 383 respondents, all respondent answered. The highest

percentage is dissatisfied which is 45.7% or 175 respondents and the lowest is
very satisfied which is .3% or 1 respondent

25
 Table 3.1.3.1-l: Level of Comfortability - Food Stalls

Frequency Percent
Very Dissatisfied 1 .3
Dissatisfied 136 35.5
Neutral 153 39.9
Valid
Satisfied 42 11.0
Very Satisfied 51 13.3
Total 383 100.0
Level of Comfortability - Food Stalls
45

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

0
Very Dissatisfied Dissatisfied Neutral Satisfied Very Satisfied

Percentage

Figure 3.1.3.1-l Respondent’s Comfortability in Food Stalls

Out of 383 respondents, all respondent answered. The highest

percentage is neutral which is 39.9% or 153 respondents and the lowest is very
satisfied which is .3% or 1 respondent.

26
 Table 3.1.3.1-m: Level of Comfortability - Souvenir Shops
Frequency Percent
Very Dissatisfied 1 .3
Dissatisfied 111 29.0
Valid Neutral 198 51.7
Satisfied 18 4.7
Very Satisfied 55 14.4
Total 383 100.0

Level of Comfortability - Souvenir Shops

60

50

40

30

20

10

0
Very Dissatisfied Dissatisfied Neutral Satisfied Very Satisfied

Percentage

Figure 3.1.3.1-m Respondent’s Comfortability in Souvenir Shops

Out of 383 respondents, all respondent answered. The highest

percentage is neutral which is 51.7% or 198 respondents and the lowest is very
dissatisfied which is .3% or 1 respondent.

27
 Table 3.1.3.1-n: Level of Comfortability - Comfort Rooms
Frequency Percent
Very Dissatisfied 0 0.0
Dissatisfied 20 5.2
Neutral 208 54.3
Valid
Satisfied 100 26.1
Very Satisfied 55 14.4
Total 383 100.0

Level of Comfortability - Comfort Rooms

60

50

40

30

20

10

0
Very Dissatisfied Dissatisfied Neutral Satisfied Very Satisfied

Percentage

Figure 3.1.3.1-n Respondent’s Comfortability in Comfort rooms

Out of 383 respondents, all respondent answered. The highest

percentage is neutral which is 54.3% or 208 respondents and the lowest is very
dissatisfied which is 0% or 0 respondents.

28
 Table 3.1.3.1-o: Level of Comfortability

AREAS MODE INTERPRETATION

Departure 58.0 % Neutral
Arrival 43.6 % Dissatisfied
Baggage Claim in Arrival 33.4% Dissatisfied
Ticketing 45.7 % Dissatisfied
Food Stall 39.9 % Neutral
Souvenir Shops 51.7 % Neutral
Comfort Rooms 54.3 % Neutral

The table (Table 3.1.3.1-n) shows the results concerning the

comfortability of the passengers in the terminal areas which are the
departure area, arrival area, baggage claims in arrival, ticketing area, food
stalls, souvenir shops and comfort rooms. The data shows that most of the
respondents were either dissatisfied or neutral for the areas.
The dissatisfied areas are more needed for the redevelopment of the
airport which are the arrival area, baggage claim in arrival and the ticketing
area. But due to the future expansion of the airport terminal, the other areas
(departure, food stalls, souvenir shops and comfort rooms) that are with
neutral responses, is still needed for the redevelopment.

29
3.1.3.4 Time of Waiting in Line of Areas (Queuing)

3.1.3.1-p Time of Waiting in Line of Areas (Queuing)

Frequency Percent
Never used 121 31.6
Above 30
3 .8
minutes
21-30 minutes 27 7.0
Valid
11-20 minutes 51 13.3
0-10 minutes 181 47.3
Total 383 100.0

Waiting Time - Ticketing Area

50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
Never used Above 30 minutes 21-30 minutes 11-20 minutes 0-10 minutes

Percentage

Figure 3.1.3.1-p Respondent’s Waiting Time in Ticketing Area

Out of 383 respondents, all respondent answered. The highest

percentage is answered 0-10 minutes which is 47.3% or 181 respondents and
the lowest is answered above 30 minutes which is .8% or 3 respondents.

30
 Table 3.1.3.1-q: Waiting Time - Check-in Departure Area

Frequency Percent
Never used 2 .5
Above 30 minutes 25 6.5
21-30 minutes 56 14.6
Valid
11-20 minutes 171 44.6
0-10 minutes 129 33.7
Total 383 100.0

Waiting Time - Check-in Departure Area

50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
Never used Above 30 minutes 21-30 minutes 11-20 minutes 0-10 minutes

Percentage

Figure 3.1.3.1-q Respondent’s Waiting Time in Check-in Departure Area

Out of 383 respondents, all respondent answered. The highest

percentage is answered 11-20 minutes which is 44.6% or 171 respondents and
the lowest is answered never used which is .5% or 2 respondents.

31
 Table 3.1.3.1-r: Waiting Time - Baggage Area

Frequency Percent
Never used 2 .5
Above 30
10 2.6
minutes
Valid 21-30 minutes 60 15.7
11-20 minutes 176 46.0
0-10 minutes 135 35.2
Total 383 100.0

Waiting Time - Baggage Area

50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
Never used Above 30 minutes 21-30 minutes 11-20 minutes 0-10 minutes

Percentage

Figure 3.1.3.1-r Respondent’s Waiting Time in Baggage Area

Out of 383 respondents, all respondent answered. The highest

percentage is answered 11-20 minutes which is 46.0% or 176 respondents and
the lowest is answered never used which is .5% or 2 respondents

32
 Table 3.1.3.1-s: Waiting Time - Hotel or Resort Pickup Service

Frequency Percent
Never used 78 20.4
Above 30 minutes 8 2.1
21-30 minutes 39 10.2
Valid
11-20 minutes 76 19.8
0-10 minutes 182 47.5
Total 383 100.0

Percentage
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
Never used Above 30 minutes 21-30 minutes 11-20 minutes 0-10 minutes

Percentage

Figure 3.1.3.1-s Respondent’s Waiting Time in Hotel or Resort Pickup Service

Out of 383 respondents, all respondent answered. The highest

percentage is answered 0-10 minutes which is 47.5% or 182 respondents and
the lowest is answered above 30 minutes which is 2.1% or 8 respondents

33
 Table 3.1.3.1-t: Time of Waiting in Line

AREAS MODE INTERPRETATION

Ticketing Areas 47.3 % 0-10 minutes
Check-in Departure 44.6 % 11-20 minutes
Baggage Claim 46.0 % 11-20 minutes
Hotel/Resort Pick-up Service 47.5 % 0-10 minutes

The table (Table3.1.3.1-s) shows the results concerning the time of waiting in
line (queuing) on terminal areas such as the ticketing area, check-in
departure, baggage claim area and hotel/resort pick-up service.

In the ticketing area, according from most of the respondents, it takes 0-10
minutes where it passed the IATA time standards which is 3-5 minutes. In the
check-in departure, according from most of the respondents, it takes 11-20
minutes which already exceeds the time standards by IATA which is 3-5
minutes. In baggage claim, according from most of the respondents, it takes
11-20 minutes which passed the maximum IATA time standards which is 25
minutes. While on the hotel/resort pick-up service, according from most of the
respondents, it takes 0-10 minutes which results to avoid of congestion in the
existing area. Therefore, the area that needs to be improved is the check-in
departure area for the redevelopment of the airport design corresponding to
its number of counters that should be provided and area.

34
 3.1.3.5 Cross-tabulation of Data
Table 3.1.3.1-u: Age * Purpose to Visit Basco Batanes Cross-tabulation

Purpose to Visit Basco Batanes

To visit
To study To take a To Resid Total
family or
or work vacation migrate ent
relatives
less than
18 years 10 2 23 0 0 35
old
19-30
58 43 121 0 2 224
years old
Age 31-50
25 18 51 0 5 99
years old
51-64
6 1 11 1 0 19
years old
65 and
5 0 0 0 0 5
above
Total 104 64 206 1 7 382

Figure 3.1.3.1-u Most of Respondent’s Purpose to Visit Basco, Batanes

It is shown in the table and graph that age 19-30 years old are visiting in
Basco, Batanes and their purpose to visit is to take a vacation with a total
respondents of 121 answered it out of 206 respondents.

35
 Table 3.1.3.1-v: Age * Frequency of Flights to and from Basco Batanes Airport Cross-
tabulation
Frequency of Flights to and from
Basco Batanes Airport
Total
one to three to five or
two times five times more
less than 18
27 5 3 35
years old
Age 19-30 years old 126 51 47 224
31-50 years old 61 14 24 99
51-64 years old 4 10 5 19
65 and above 1 1 3 5
Total 219 81 82 382

Figure 3.1.3.1-v Most of Respondent’s Frequency of Flight Experienced from to or to Basco,

Batanes Airport by Age

It is shown in the table and graph that ages 19-30 years old are
experience flight from to and from Basco, Batanes and the frequency of
flights is one to two times with total respondents of 126 answered it, out of 224
respondents.

36
 Table 3.1.3.1-w: Purpose to Visit Basco Batanes * Overall Rate of Building Service Performance
of the Airport Cross-tabulation
Overall Rate of Building Service Performance of the
Airport
Very Very Total
Dissatisfie Satisfie
Dissatisfi Neutral Satisfie
d d
ed d
To visit
family or 0 4 54 33 13 104
relatives
Purpose To study
1 10 27 23 3 64
to Visit or work
Basco To take a
2 31 119 51 3 206
Batanes vacation
To
0 0 1 0 0 1
migrate
Resident 0 0 5 2 0 7
Total 3 45 206 109 19 382

Figure 3.1.3.1-w Respondent’s Overall Rate of Building Service Performance of the Basco
Airport by Age

It is shown in the table and graph that 206 respondents answered

Neutral in their Airport services out of 382 respondents.

37
 Table 3.1.3.1-x: Type of Tourists * Frequency of Flights to and from Basco Batanes Airport
Cross-tabulation

Frequency of Flights to and from Basco

Batanes Airport
Total
one to two three to five or
times five times more
Type of Tourist 207 62 15 284
Tourists
Local 13 19 67 99

Total 220 81 82 383

Figure 3.1.3.1-x. Frequency of Flight Experienced by Local Vs Tourist

It is shown in the table and graph are most of respondents are tourists
who are highest result in frequency of flights to and from Basco, Batanes with
an average total 284 respondents, out of 284 respondents of tourists 207 of
them are traveling one to two times.

38
 Table 3.1.3.1-y: Type of Tourists * Purpose to Visit Basco Batanes Cross-tabulation

Purpose to Visit Basco Batanes

To take Total
To visit To
To study a Resid
family or migrat
or work vacatio ent
relatives e
n

Type of Tourist 38 51 194 0 0 283

Tourists

Local 66 13 12 1 7 99

Total 104 64 206 1 7 382

Figure 3.1.3.1-y Purpose to Visit Basco, Batanes Airport by Local Vs Tourist

It is shown in the table and graph that most of the respondents are
tourists with a total number of 283 and 99 respondents for local. Their purpose
to visit is to take a vacation with total respondents of 194 for tourist and for
local there purpose to visit is to visit family or relatives with total respondents
of 66.

39
3.1.4. Interview About Airlines and Redevelopment of Airport

The table below shows the interview with OIC. Mrs. Louie Asantor. It
discusses what are the different types of airplane that can operate the
runway and he said the types below. The schedule of flight mostly in the pea
season is the highest tourist coming. He also said, there are already
encountered some minor incident. They suggestions or recommendations
point of view is to properly deign and culturally adaptive of their native lands.

Table 3.1.4-a: An Interview with Offices-in-Charge Mrs. Louie Asantor

Questions Answers

1. What are the different types  Skyjet (BAE 146-200)

of airplane that can operate  Philippine Airlines (Q-400)
the runway?  Cebu Pacific (ATR- C295, C130,
C2121)
 SkyPasada (L410)
 Northsky (C402/ISL)
 Fliteline (2C Aircraft)

2. What is the schedule of flight  Skyjet

of different airlines? Peak season
o Daily flights
Non- peak season:
o MWFS
Time interval
o 0610-0720am MNL-
BSO
o 0750-0900am BSO-
MNL

 Philippine Airlines
Two (2) flights per day
Time interval
First flight
o 0630-0810am MNL-
BSO
o 0830-1010am BSO-
MNL
Second flight
o 1030-1210pm MNL-
BSO
o 1230-1410pm BSO-
MNL
Questions Answers

40
2. What is the schedule of flight  Cebu Pacific
of different airlines? Daily flights
o 0620-0840am MNL-
BSO
o 0900-1125am BSO-
MNL

 AirSWIFT
Not operating for now.

 Sky Pasada
o Not operating for
now

 Northskyair
o Not operating for
now
 Fliteline
o Special flight

3. Are there any accident or  Yes, but it is only a minor

incident happened before? incident wherein DC-3
overshoot on the runway

4. Recommendations for the  Improvement of lighting

airport redevelopment? systems to cater night
operation and to be use during
inclement weather condition
 Additional waiting area in front
of the terminal building
 Additional taxiway, apron, turn
pad on left runway 24
 Housing for stranded
passengers
 CHB fencing of perimeter
fence for security purpose to
avoid stray animal annexation

41
3.1.5. The Site and Climatic Conditions Data from Philippine Atmospheric,
Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA)

Table 3.1.5-a Annual Rainfall (millimeter) in Batanes as of 2018

January February March April May June

138.10 172.80 31.40 15.20 9.80 431.00

July August September October November December

302.10 566.90 416.10 125.20 90.70 262.50

Table 3.1.5-b Annual Wind Speed and Wind Direction in Batanes as of 2018
Month Wind Speed (m/s) Wind Direction (Degree
relative to North)
January 5 40
February 6 40
March 5 40
April 5 60
May 3 140
June 4 140
July 4 90
August 4 220
September 5 90
October 5 90
November 5 90
December 6 40

Table 3.1.5-c Annual Maximum Temperature in Batanes as of 2018

Month Temperature °C
January 23.6
February 23.4
March 25.3
April 26.9
May 30.4
June 29.9
July 29.6
August 29.1
September 29.2
October 27.6
November 26.8
December 25.4

42
Table 3.1.5-d Annual Minimum Temperature in Batanes as of 2018

Month Temperature °C
January 18.90
February 18.70
March 19.70
April 21.90
May 25.10
June 24.50
July 24.60
August 24.40
September 24.20
October 22.50
November 22.70
December 21.40

Table 3.1.5.e Annual MaximumTemperature in Batanes as of 2018

Month Temperature °C
January 21.20
February 21.10
March 22.50
April 24.40
May 27.80
June 27.20
July 27.10
August 26.80
September 26.70
October 25.00
November 24.70
December 23.40

Table 3.1.5-f Annual Relative Humidity in Batanes as of 2018

Month Humidity (Percentage %)

January 86
February 89
March 81
April 88
May 88
June 92
July 92
August 93
September 91
October 89
November 93
December 91

43
 Figure 1.1.5-a Site Analysis

Figure 1.1.5-b Forecast of Cyclone Frequency

Source: PAGASA

44