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Wearable Devices and mHealth

How Consumer Devices are Impacting Healthcare

GlobalData Report| March 2018

© 2017 | Wearable Devices
Contents 2

1. Wearable Devices Overview 6. Neurology Wearables

2. Smartwatches and Wearables 7. Other Segments

3. Market Drivers and Barriers 8. Unmet Needs

4. Cardiology Wearables 9. Pipeline Products

5. Diabetes Wearables 10. Regulation

© 2017 | Wearable Devices

Wearable Devices 3

Wearables and mHealth have significant opportunities for growth

• In this report, the focus is on the wearable devices which combine computing power and
wireless communication to provide data relating to healthcare.
Wearable devices are autonomous devices, using sensors and wireless data transmission for
real-time feedback, which can be attached to the body or worn. They are used to track many
conditions and biological parameters, and in some cases aid in diagnosis of disease. This report
covers the consumer-focused wearable devices and mHealth apps with potential for clinical
utility in the US market.
• Miniaturization of complex technologies has allowed their use in wearable devices.
Processing, imaging and sensor technology have improved at a vast rate in recent years to
accommodate the rise in smartphones, becoming sufficiently advanced, miniaturized and
inexpensive that it can be worn discreetly on the body. In addition, the prevalence of
smartphones allows wearables to operate partly as an extension of a users phone, enabling
more complex functionality through mobile applications.
• The potential market for healthcare wearables is vast, however vendors must convince
consumers of their benefits to boost adoption by mainstream consumers.
One wearable device in particular, the smartwatch, has achieved widespread adoption by
consumers, with 12% of US adults owning a smartwatch in 2017. To grow as a healthcare
device, companies must provide physicians with evidence of clinical value.

© 2017 | Wearable Devices

Agenda 4

1. Wearable Devices Overview 6. Neurology Wearables

2. Smartwatches and Wearables 7. Other Segments

3. Market Drivers and Barriers 8. Unmet Needs

4. Cardiology Wearables 9. Pipeline Products

5. Diabetes Wearables 10. Regulation

© 2017 | Wearable Devices

Smartwatch Overview 5

Smartwatches are the most commercially

successful wearable device to date Smartwatch Ownership Is Expected to Increase
Since the release of the Pebble in 2012, sales of
30
smartwatches have increased dramatically. In
2017, an estimated 12% of Americans own a
25
smartwatch, with growth expected to continue
throughout the next 5 years.

Percentage of population (%)

20
Already, technology companies with successful
smart watches are looking toward the healthcare 15
market as a key opportunity for growth. Many
devices offer heart rate monitoring, alongside 10
the more traditional step tracking and GPS
tracking for fitness purposes. Some companies 5
are also beginning to look into incorporating
oxygen saturation measurements in an effort to 0
appeal to the healthcare sector. 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024

© 2017 | Wearable Devices

Smartwatch Technology 6

Smartwatches typically use an optical sensor to track

parameters such as heart rate
Optical sensors are ideal as they are able to make non-invasive
measurements, typically using a technique called
photoplethsmography (PPG). Often these sensors use green
light, which reduces signal distortion when interpreting the
return signal; however, the light is not able to penetrate deep
into the tissue, providing a limit to the type of data that can be
accurately collected.
One alternative being explored is the use of red light sensors,
which could allow measurement of more physiological
parameters. Several manufacturers reportedly have red
sensors incorporated into their devices, but they do not yet
seem to be functional, possibly due to the increased
complexity involved in analyzing data from red light. It is likely
that future devices will contain sensors for a range of
wavelengths, enabling tracking for wider applications in
healthcare.

© 2017 | Wearable Devices

Apple 7

The Apple Watch has dominated smartwatch sales

since its release, and currently has the most function in
healthcare
• With the recent release of the Series 3, Apple is focusing
more on the potential healthcare market.
In November 2017, Apple launched the Heart Study app,
which uses the Apple Watch’s heart rate sensor to identify
users who may be experiencing atrial fibrillation.
• Apple Watch sales now outperform Rolex.
Although Apple does not release sales figures for its watch,
CEO Tim Cook revealed in Q3 2017 that Apple now has
higher watch sales than Rolex.
• Apple’s ResearchKit and CareKit platforms facilitate
diagnosis and monitoring of disease using Apple Watch.
ResearchKit is a software medical platform launched in 2015.
While initially for iPhone use, apps are beginning to utilize
data from an Apple Watch. For example, EpiWatch aims to
predicts the onset of seizures.

© 2017 | Wearable Devices

Fitbit 8

Fitbit released their first connected smartwatch in

2017
• Fitbit maintains high brand recognition, with particular
focus on users seeking to be more active.
Fitbit has had less of a focus on the medical market,
instead developing their brand as a fitness tracker. The
integration with social media has led to a large user
base, which enables data mining to improve future
products.
• The Fitbit Iconic is the company’s first true smartwatch.
As technology has improved, consumers are demanding
more from their devices. As a result, Fitbit has now fully
entered the smartwatch market with the Iconic.
• Fitbit announced before release that the Iconic would
contain a SpO2 blood oxygen sensor.
Despite reports in August, the new device has no
mention of this feature. It appears the technology is not
yet sufficiently accurate for release, but could become a
key feature of devices in the next 2–5 years.

© 2017 | Wearable Devices

Garmin 9

Garmin has a diverse portfolio of wearables

• Garmin has a wide variety of devices
accommodating different activities and price
points.
Much like Fitbit, the focus has been on fitness
tracking and lifestyle. While Garmin’s devices often
contain better features, Fitbit has greater brand
recognition and consumer reach.
• Its history of GPS-based products in the marine,
outdoor, aviation, and fitness markets has helped
Garmin withstand challenges from competition.
The diversity of products offered provides insulation
to changes in the consumer wearables market.
• Garmin’s open philosophy enables watches to pair
with sensors from multiple brands, in addition to
having an open platform for app development.
This enables individuals or companies to extend the
features and functionality of their wearables.

© 2017 | Wearable Devices

Nokia 10

Nokia acquired Withings in May 2016, and has a focus

on maintaining health and disease prevention
• Digital health is a key long-term component of Nokia’s
resurgence in consumer electronics.
Nokia has rebranded Withings products, including a
smartwatch, smart scale, and app. Despite a slight backlash
to the app rebrand, Nokia is aiming to establish itself as a
key player in the wearables market.
• The Nokia Steel smartwatch has a classic design, with
most of the features only accessible through the app.
Unlike many of its competitors, Nokia has maintained the
analogue watch face on its smartwatch. This feature is
likely to appeal to a wider user base, particularly those less
accustomed to pervasive technology in everyday life,
although it limits the use of the watch without an
accompanying smartphone. It also enables Nokia to avoid
competing directly with Apple on software.

© 2017 | Wearable Devices

Philips 11

Philips has entered the healthcare wearables market

with a specific focus on the older generations
• While competitors are currently competing on their
function as a fitness tracker, Philips has entered the
market with healthcare firmly in mind.
The Philips health watch is one of a suite of connected
health devices, including a thermometer, blood pressure
monitor and body analysis scales. While it also tracks
activity levels, there is a clear focus on health, measuring
heart rate, respiration rate and VO2 max.
• Philips’ health watch has been classified as a class 2
“Philips is not in the world of
medical device by the FDA.
fitness… We’re in the connected
In waiting for an FDA listing before release, Philips is health space, and target
laying the groundwork to compete with consumer- consumers who are at risk of
focused competitors in the healthcare market. While chronic diseases.”
many companies are focusing on a younger target market, - Eline de Graaf, Director for Philips
Philips is looking towards a new market of users: those Personal Health Solutions
purchasing a wearable on the advice of their doctor.

© 2017 | Wearable Devices

Verily (Alphabet) 12

Google’s healthcare company has produced a

smartwatch, but it is not expected to enter the
market for up to 5 years
• Currently named the Study Watch, Verily’s smartwatch is
being used for research only and is not for sale.
It is expected that the watch will be on sale after studies
have been concluded, with a focus on monitoring health.
• Project Baseline is an effort to develop a reference point
for health, with potential use in future products. image content here
In partnership with Duke University and Stanford
Medicine, Verily is undertaking an observational study of
approximately 10,000 participants over four years. It will
use the Study Watch for part of the data tracking.
• Verily is also using the watch in a multi-year study
around Parkinson’s disease.
There has been significant investment by Verily into
healthcare. GlobalData expects a firm move into the
healthcare market within five years.

© 2017 | Wearable Devices

Smart Clothing 13

There are few devices as wearable as clothing,

however smart clothes have not yet seen
widespread adoption
• Companies including Samsung, Levi’s, and numerous
start-up companies are developing smart clothing.
Clothing varies from yoga leggings and bras to smart
sleeves and tops, measuring heart rate, activity levels,
and even enabling payments.
• Smart clothing is likely to become more popular in the
sportswear market.
Tracking performance is a large business in professional
sports, and these technologies are beginning to be seen
commercially. GlobalData expects the value of smart “Smart clothing… I can see how
clothing to increase significantly in the coming years. it’s great for sportspeople, but I
don’t see it being used
• However, current technology is not sufficient for smart clinically until the technology
clothing to cross the barrier into the healthcare sector. improves.”
Insights from key opinion leaders suggest that adoption - Key Opinion Leader
of smart clothing will be limited in the medical sector.

© 2017 | Wearable Devices

Other Wearable Devices 14

There are many possibilities for wearable devices, which may be

worn on any part of the body
• Wearable products such as patches and other devices have entered the
market for patient monitoring.
While this report focuses on consumer-based products, it is expected that
hospital-based products will become increasingly common in the next five
years, particularly in data management and remote patient monitoring.
• Chest straps are being used by athletes.
As technology in smartwatches has improved, the difference between
wrist-worn wearables and chest straps in measuring heart rate has
decreased. Although chest straps are still in use, they are not typically
used for healthcare purposes.
• Other wearable devices are predominantly used for fitness, with some
other non-health applications.
There are many wearables available purely for fitness purposes, for
example trackers in shoes, which are not expected to cross the barrier into
healthcare. Smart jewelry is a new market to emerge, but most efforts are
focused on security, for example a ring granting access to a building.

© 2017 | Wearable Devices

Agenda 15

1. Wearable Devices Overview 6. Neurology Wearables

2. Smartwatches and Wearables 7. Other Segments

3. Market Drivers and Barriers 8. Unmet Needs

4. Cardiology Wearables 9. Pipeline Products

5. Diabetes Wearables 10. Regulation

© 2017 | Wearable Devices

Market Drivers 16

Healthcare is changing as an aging population demands more from

physicians
• Burden on healthcare services is increasing.
Populations are growing worldwide. By 2030, there will be approximately 71 million
Americans ages 65 years and older, accounting for roughly 20% of the US
population, according to the CDC. This is in part leading to a shift in the healthcare
paradigm toward preventative care and early diagnosis, with wearable technologies
expected to play a role. The demand for new technologies in healthcare
management is leading to growth in the wearables market.
• Availability of data trends can provide context for physicians.
The ability to constantly monitor health has potential to become a key tool in
maintaining health. Currently, patients with inconsistent symptoms are difficult to
diagnose without invasive or cumbersome technologies if they appear
asymptomatic in the clinic. This problem could be alleviated with wearable
technologies that are capable of providing accurate data. Additionally, providing
simple information such as weight and blood pressure over time is clinically more
meaningful than one measurement in the clinic. Companies such as Fitbit, Nokia,
and Philips are bringing out connected scales and blood pressure monitors,
providing clinically actionable data for physicians.

© 2017 | Wearable Devices

Market Drivers 17

Although currently limited, the potential for data trends in patients over extended
periods of time is driving growth and investment into wearable devices

“If a patient is asymptomatic in clinic but “If I have a patient with atrial fibrillation
clearly has something wrong, right now we who is on medication, if they can track
do very invasive things, maybe give them a their heart rate while exercising, I can see
Holter monitor for a few days, implanting if the medication keeps their heart rate in
something under the skin, so for patients like control and doesn’t spike very fast. That
this, a wearable device would be very helpful can be done with today’s apps, but it is a
if it could accurately measure heart rhythms. pretty limited application.”
If we could have data for a month or two - Key Opinion Leader
months and we could get a better idea if
somebody is having arrhythmias. But
that would only be for a very small “Some data we ask for is tracking
patient group.” weight and blood pressure, but
- Key Opinion Leader that is more data reporting than
automatically from a device.”
- Key Opinion Leader

© 2017 | Wearable Devices

Market Drivers 18

Technology is improving as companies invest in wearable technologies

• Sensor technologies have improved.
The rise of wearable electronics and miniaturized sensor technologies, combined
with “big data” analysis tools, has enabled the rise of viable wearable devices
(Tricoli et al., 2017). The reliability of data collected from wearable technologies
has improved even while the size of such sensors has decreased to the point
where companies are attempting to put them into more everyday objects. One
example is Verily’s well-publicized smart contact lens, which aims to detect
glucose levels for diabetics.
• Large existing technology companies are heavily investing in healthcare R&D.
One challenge that has arisen for existing smartwatch vendors is the lack of a
clear use case for regular computing. In general, apps are better experienced on a
phone and the ability to see notifications is often not sufficient to convince
consumers to purchase costly wearable devices. Health has therefore become a
key target market for technology companies to transform smartwatches from a
luxury into a necessity. Apple is currently using Research Gate for clinical trials,
and many companies are heavily investing in research to be able to provide
further clinical data from their smartwatches for patients.

© 2017 | Wearable Devices

Market Drivers 19

As people become more connected, health is “One application will not be in

increasingly viewed as wellness the disease model, but in the
health model. This will not be
• Health is no longer considered the absence of disease. as regulated as a market for
A major trend in the US population is the desire to take treatments, but society is
control of their own health. This has manifested in patients getting more aware of the
demanding access to their medical records as well as an concept of health being healthy
increased interest in maintaining their own health. Wearable and not just the absence of
technologies are tapping into this view of health as wellness, disease… I see these watches
being a health follow-up tool
which is driving demand for these devices.
rather than a disease follow-up
• There is a growing number of healthcare-related apps and tool.”
connected devices - Key Opinion Leader
Developers are making large numbers of healthcare
applications for smartphones that are compatible with
wearable devices; most estimates put the number of
healthcare apps at over 30,000. As more apps are developed,
wearables are able to perform more functions, driving
increased demand.

© 2017 | Wearable Devices

Market Barriers 20

Until smartwatches sell themselves on their “The number of people who are
healthcare benefits, the market potential is smaller able to afford these high price
products by themselves for
than it could be comfort level is very low… If you
• The potential market for pure fitness use is limited. were to develop these [devices]
Fitbit published lower growth in 2017 than 2016, which and the patients were to pay for
it themselves then it will be a
could be due to slowing interest in simple fitness bands.
very small market, as many
Consumers are demanding more from smartwatches, so patients will not be able to pay
manufacturers must demonstrate their additional value for it. The insurance companies
beyond their fitness benefits. Additionally, the potential will then look at it and say ‘why
market size for fitness is smaller than for healthcare. should we pay for it when they
can get these tests in clinic’, and
• High cost of smartwatches is a barrier to consumers. won’t offer it.”
The wearables market is reliant on consumer purchases. - Key Opinion Leader
Price is a key value driver for consumers and is one of the
leading factors influencing purchase. As a result, the high
cost of most wearables, typically over $150, is a barrier to
a large portion of the population. Unless prices decrease
or insurance companies offer wearable devices, these
consumers will not be able to afford smartwatches.

© 2017 | Wearable Devices

Market Barriers 21

The data currently produced by smartwatches are not “Today, just getting somebody’s
clinically actionable heart rate data is not usually
actionable… we don’t actually
• Smartwatches currently have limited clinical use use it clinically. Physical activity,
Although many can see the potential benefits of wearable sure, if they’re not exercising it
devices that are able to monitor patients and even aid remote may be a sign that they are
diagnosis, the technology is currently not at a level that is getting more congested and
useful in all cases. Patients are keen to take data to physicians maybe they’ll get sick, but it’s
not current practice that we
from their wearables, but currently there is very little clinical automatically get that data and
value to the data collected. In order to reach the full market act on it.”
potential of wearables, further research into clinical utility is - Key Opinion Leader
required in order to fully break into the medical space. If
smartwatches were able to provide clinically actionable data, “Yes we do get [wearables] data
physicians may begin to encourage their use. but I truly don’t know what to do
with it today.”
- Key Opinion Leader

“With sleep pattern tracking,

there is no intervention that is
linked to that.”
- Key Opinion Leader

© 2017 | Wearable Devices

Market Barriers 22

Improvements are required to reach market potential “One issue is what is the
• Data is perceived to be of poor quality. fidelity of the data, how
reliable is it as opposed to the
Although the reliability of data provided by wearables has more invasive assessment
improved even in the last two years, there is still a that we are used to doing. I
perception among both physicians and consumers of poor assume if the FDA is
data quality. One strategy to circumvent this is by approving these devices they
registering the device with the FDA as a medical device, as have looked into it and this
has been done by Philips. Alternatively, companies can data is pretty reliable, so the
publish more data from studies demonstrating the issue moves from reliability to
what to do with it clinically.”
accuracy and reliability of their data. - Key Opinion Leader
• Healthcare technology is not able to progress at the
typical speed of other technologies.
The end goal of some vendors is the ability to market
wearables with clinical value. However, FDA approvals are
often lengthy and could undermine the value of new
technology if vendors must wait a year for approval before
entering market. Apple is reported to have approached the
FDA, possibly to arrange special treatment of the Apple
Watch in the approval process.

© 2017 | Wearable Devices

Agenda 23

1. Wearable Devices Overview 6. Neurology Wearables

2. Smartwatches and Wearables 7. Other Segments

3. Market Drivers and Barriers 8. Unmet Needs

4. Cardiology Wearables 9. Pipeline Products

5. Diabetes Wearables 10. Regulation

© 2017 | Wearable Devices

Cardiology Wearables 24

Wearables often track heart rate, and

many companies are looking to expand Cardiology mHealth Potential Market Size
their cardiology offerings
18
• Cardiac health is a high-profile issue.
Almost half of Americans (47%) have at least 16

Potential market value ($m)

one of three major risk factors for heart 14
disease (Fryar et al., 2012). It is a key area of
12
interest to consumers, leading to a drive for
more cardiology-related wearables. 10

• Many wearable devices include a heart rate 8

monitor. 6
Although physicians have mixed opinions
4
about the clinical utility of heart rate data, it
is a common feature of wearable devices. 2

Originating from fitness applications, many 0

manufacturers are researching technology 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024

improvements for more sophisticated data

collection to be used clinically.

© 2017 | Wearable Devices

Apple Positions the Apple Watch for Cardiac Health 25

Apple and Stanford University’s School of Medicine have launched the Apple
Heart Study to investigate the possibility of monitoring patients with atrial
fibrillation
• Detection and monitoring of atrial fibrillation is a key market for heart rate monitors.
Many device manufacturers are aiming to provide clinically actionable data from their
wearables, ideally using existing sensors. Although clinicians have responded
skeptically to the utility of heart rate data provided by wearables, monitoring of
irregular heartbeats such as in atrial fibrillation has been raised by key opinion leaders
as a potential benefit of wearable devices. Currently, if atrial fibrillation is suspected a
patient will undergo an ECG during a clinic visit. If a patient is asymptomatic during this
visit they may be fitted with a Holter monitor, typically for 24–48 hours.
• The Apple Heart Study is likely to result in new functionality for the next-generation
Apple Watch.
The most recent Apple Watch contains an improved heart-rate monitoring system,
including warning users if their heart rate spikes when not exercising. The Apple Heart
Study will be expanding on this feature, using data from the Apple Watch to analyze
arrhythmias, likely with a view to diagnosis or monitoring, particularly as the company
has been working closely with the FDA throughout this endeavor.

© 2017 | Wearable Devices

AliveCor Aims to Bridge the Gap Between Cardiologists and Patients 26

AliveCor makes portable ECG monitors, and recently

received FDA approval for an attachment to the Apple
Watch
• AliveCor’s EKG Kardia Band is the first medical-grade
accessory for the Apple Watch.
The existing KardiaMobile device attaches to an iPhone and
requires users to hold the phone with two hands for 30
seconds to take a reading. The Kardia Band enables users to
take readings with one thumb on a sensor on the strap
using the with the Kardia app opened. During the recording,
users are encouraged to use the microphone to record
additional symptoms which can be sent to their physicians.
• AliveCor has positioned itself as a patient monitoring
device aimed at consumers.
The target market of AliveCor is consumers who are ready
to take more responsibility for their own healthcare. The
device is equally marketable to the “worried well” and as a
follow-up tool used by cardiologists.

© 2017 | Wearable Devices

Qardio Provides Cardiac Data from a Chest Strap 27

While many wearable device manufacturers have

focused on wrist-worn devices, Qardio offers chest-
based measurements
• The QardioCore is another wearable ECG monitor aimed at
providing clinically relevant information to consumers.
While many chest straps are designed purely for fitness,
QardioCore is hoping to position itself as a strong player in
the healthcare market. While AliveCor requires user input for
each recording, Qardio distinguishes itself by capturing
continuous ECG data.
• Chest-worn devices are often less favored by consumers.
While wrist-worn devices are able to take the place of a
regular watch, chest-based wearable devices must overcome
any initial resistance to perceived discomfort in regular life.
QardioCore’s slick design may alleviate some concerns;
however, as miniaturization of technology continues,
GlobalData predicts consumers will continue to demand
smaller, more discreet devices.

© 2017 | Wearable Devices

Zio XT Patch Has the Potential to Replace Traditional Holter Monitors 28

iRhythm’s Zio XT Patch continuously monitors heart

rhythms in a wireless device about the size of a bandage
• The Zio XT is able to be worn discreetly for up to 14 days.
While Holter monitors are typically worn for 24–48 hours, the
ZIO XT is designed to be worn for two weeks, enabling
monitoring of a broader range of daily activity. A prospective
comparison of Holter monitors with the Zio Patch showed that
while they were comparable for 24 hours, the longer duration
of recordings on the Zio Patch resulted in more cardiac events
being recorded (Barrett et al., 2014). Additionally, the
participants found the patch more comfortable and preferred it
to the Holter monitor. Overall, smaller sizes and improved
outcomes for patients are expected to drive the use of smaller
cardiac monitors such as the Zio.
• The Zio Service maintains proprietary analysis of results, but
does not require an additional appointment to remove.
The Zio patch is intended to be applied to the patient by a
clinician, but is simple enough to be removed without medical
supervision. The patch must then be posted to iRhythm for
analysis.

© 2017 | Wearable Devices

Agenda 29

1. Wearable Devices Overview 6. Neurology Wearables

2. Smartwatches and Wearables 7. Other Segments

3. Market Drivers and Barriers 8. Unmet Needs

4. Cardiology Wearables 9. Pipeline Products

5. Diabetes Wearables 10. Regulation

© 2017 | Wearable Devices

Diabetes Wearables 30

Prevalence of diabetes is growing

worldwide Diabetes mHealth Potential Market Size
• Diabetes is a growing market for wearables.
In 2017, approximately 30,000 US citizens are 12

living with diabetes (International Diabetes

Federation, 2017). This number is expected to 10

Potential market value ($m)

grow over the coming years, creating a large
potential market. 8

• Management of glucose levels is a constant

6
concern for diabetics.
The development of Continuous Glucose
4
Monitoring (CGM) sensors, wearable
minimally invasive devices, has modernized
2
glucose monitoring in recent years. Diabetics
are able to wear a small patch for several
0
consecutive days, preventing the need to self- 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024
monitor using finger prick measurements.

© 2017 | Wearable Devices

CGMs Revolutionize Diabetes Management 31

Modern CGMs are facilitating diabetes management for patients

• Abbott’s new FreeStyle Libre device enables patients to forego finger prick tests entirely.
The device consists of a transcutaneous sensor measuring glucose levels every 15 minutes in
interstitial fluid. Unlike many other CGMs, patients are not required to interact with the
device during use, and does not require fingerstick calibration.
• Patients can use their smartphone to scan new sensors.
Users with Android phones with RFID or NFC technology are often able to scan modern CGM
sensors directly with their phones instead of using the dedicated reader, allowing the
creation of large databases of CGM data. This data may be integrated with inputs from other
devices or mHealth apps to provide context for physicians. Additionally, the collection of
CGM data will contribute to the generation of a digital ecosystem surrounding diabetes that
may be used to improve understanding of the disease and potentially design strategies for
personalized diabetes therapy and prevention.
• Companies aim to expand the market for CGM sensors.
CGM sensors have typically been aimed towards type 1 diabetics, however they represent
only 5–10% of diabetics (Healthline, 2017). Several companies are therefore developing
CGMs for type 2 diabetics as well as targeting the pre-diabetic market and potential non-
diabetics taking part in wellness or fitness programs.

© 2017 | Wearable Devices

Linking Glucose Monitoring and Exercise 32

Medtronic positions itself to minimize the impact of diabetes on patients

• Medtronic announced a partnership with Fitbit in 2016 to integrate activity data with
data from Medtronic’s iPro2 continuous glucose monitoring system.
Using this feature, users are able to see the connection between exercise and glucose
levels, which represents a critical element to proper diabetes management. Although
only available for one device so far, the companies plan to offer more solutions in the
future. Both consumers and their physicians will be able to see the correlation between
physical activity and glucose levels before and after eating, which can empower patients
and enable physicians to devise more personalized management strategies.
• As data collection continues, Medtronic move closer to automated insulin delivery.
In 2017, Medtronic launched the MiniMed 670G, the first hybrid closed loop system for
type 1 diabetics. It is the only approved insulin pump that enables automated delivery of
basal insulin to maintain blood sugar levels throughout the day and night. This product
begins a new era of diabetes management in which glucose management can be almost
entirely automated, which Medtronic is striving towards. The MiniMed currently requires
user inputs when performing non-baseline activities such as exercise and upon eating,
and GlobalData expects Medtronic to be using the data collected from the device to
improve their algorithms and capabilities in the coming years.

© 2017 | Wearable Devices

Diabetes Management Apps 33

In a new age of patient engagement, mobile apps aim to “Where these [wearable]
empower diabetes patients devices can really make an
impact is in chronic diseases.
• Wrist-worn wearables may provide an easier method of You see it starting with diabetes,
diabetes management. like Medtronic and Fitbit’s
An early study on the merits of self-management applications on partnership… More and more
smartwatches found that wrist-worn wearables made the patients are going to be using
recording of activity levels, glucose levels and other health smartwatches and apps to
measurement inputs easier for patients (Årsand et al., 2015). manage chronic diseases.”
- Key Opinion Leader
Since publication, diabetes management apps have become
abundant on Apple, Android, and smartwatch platforms,
typically including tracking and visualization of blood glucose,
insulin, food, and exercise.
• Apps can connect remote patients with physicians.
Livongo is a care management platform for diabetes being used
by Alaska’s largest primary care group, to enable patients to
access clinician support and guidance between visits and
providing clinicians real-time access to patient data (Wicklund,
2017). This care model provides support for remote patients
without requiring travel, however reimbursement remains a
barrier to adoption.

© 2017 | Wearable Devices

Agenda 34

1. Wearable Devices Overview 6. Neurology Wearables

2. Smartwatches and Wearables 7. Other Segments

3. Market Drivers and Barriers 8. Unmet Needs

4. Cardiology Wearables 9. Pipeline Products

5. Diabetes Wearables 10. Regulation

© 2017 | Wearable Devices

Neurology Wearables 35

Neurology wearable devices are numerous

and varied, from pain relief to diagnostics Neurology mHealth app Potential Market Size
• With an aging population, an increasing
proportion of patients suffer from 2.5

neurological diseases.
In 2017, approximately a third of the total

Potential market value ($m)

2
population suffer from neurological diseases
such as Alzheimer's, multiple sclerosis,
1.5
migraines, and epilepsy (OHSU, 2017). This
population is expected to increase
smartphone and wearable usage in the next 1
5–10 years, providing a large potential market
for device and app development. As
0.5
neurological diseases are highly varied, the
devices range from wearable pain relief to
clinical research and observation of 0
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024
degenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s via
mobile apps.

© 2017 | Wearable Devices

Wearables Can Facilitate Research and Monitoring of Neurological Diseases 36

Apple’s ResearchKit enables researchers to enroll patients and conduct studies via
iPhones, while the CareKit provides a software framework for apps to manage
disease
• Researchers are able to develop apps to reach large cohorts of patients for studies.
Current measures of neurological health are often based on sporadic visits to clinicians,
typically every 4–6 months for a Parkinson’s patient. One app, mPower, aimed to establish
baseline variability in real-world scenarios for patients with Parkinson’s, and was able to
recruit 9,520 participants to the study (Bot et al., 2016). Although consistent use of the app
was rare, this demonstrates the powerful role mobile apps could play in clinical trials and
studies.
• People with epilepsy track symptoms and notify carers of a seizure using Apple Watch.
Researchers are using the Apple Watch to track the onset and duration of seizures in real
time, creating a correlation between episode history and medication, in an effort to
eventually predict when seizures may occur. Participants launch the EpiWatch app when they
sense an impending seizure, which triggers the accelerometer and heart rate sensors and
automatically sends an alert to a designated family member or caregiver. These applications
enable researchers to utilize the vast power of big data in healthcare to increase our
understanding of neurological disease, which GlobalData expects to play a large role in future
clinical research.

© 2017 | Wearable Devices

Fall Trackers Are Moving into Smartwatches 37

Injuries caused by falls among seniors are a major challenge in US healthcare

• Wearable devices provide an opportunity for fall detection systems for seniors.
Over 800,000 patients per year are hospitalized because of a fall injury in the US (CDC,
2015). As swift medical response after a fall is key to reducing morbidity of falls, research
into automatic and reliable fall detection systems has increased in the last decade. With
rates of smartphone ownership increasing, some developers have focused on utilizing the
accelerometer capabilities within smartphones to detect falls, while others have opted for
stand-alone wearables such as a patch or bracelet.
• Accuracy of data from fall trackers is disputed.
While the potential benefits of fall trackers are plain, key opinion leaders stress the
importance of providing accurate data. In a small study of community-dwelling older adults,
a cohort of residents recorded a total of 84 alarms over a 4 month period, 83 of which were
false alarms, which may dampen market growth (Chaudhuri et al., 2015).
• Smartwatches provide existing technology for development of fall tracker applications.
Commercial smartwatches integrate accelerometers, potentially enabling them to act as fall
tracking devices. While the specificity of smartphones in detecting falls is low, the
combination of smartphone and smartwatch can increase the specificity, potentially
enabling developers to overcome this initial barrier (Casilari and Oviedo-Jiménez, 2015).

© 2017 | Wearable Devices

Wearable Devices for Chronic Pain Relief 38

While pain relief traditionally relies on medication, companies are using

wearables to apply non-pharmaceutical therapies outside clinics
• New devices are coming to market aimed at reducing dependence on
pharmaceuticals.
Wearable products providing short- and long-term pain relief are becoming
increasingly common. In particular, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulator (TENS)
technology has been utilized by some companies in wearable pain relief devices, such
as Quell. Quell comprises an electrode attached to a band that is placed around the
calf, which stimulates the nerves to provide pain relief. As competition between pain
relief devices increases, GlobalData expects greater emphasis will be placed on clinical
trial data, alongside technology improvements.
• Wearables for pain relief will need to appeal to physicians as well as consumers.
Pain relief technology has a history of promising more than is possible, however new
wearable technology is attempting to overcome this image. However, devices which
are able to sufficiently demonstrate their clinical value are expected to gain significant
market share in the next five years. Reliance on pharmaceutical pain relief,
particularly opioids, is a well-publicised issue in the US, so key opinion leaders expect
companies that can provide a clinical alternative for physicians to thrive.

© 2017 | Wearable Devices

Agenda 39

1. Wearable Devices Overview 6. Neurology Wearables

2. Smartwatches and Wearables 7. Other Segments

3. Market Drivers and Barriers 8. Unmet Needs

4. Cardiology Wearables 9. Pipeline Products

5. Diabetes Wearables 10. Regulation

© 2017 | Wearable Devices

Other Wearable Devices and mHealth Applications 40

Although many different types of healthcare apps have “People want to be more
been developed, the most popular focus on informed about their health…
empowering consumers to take control of their health society is getting more aware
of the concept of health being
• Calorie counters and activity trackers are consistently some healthy and not just the
of the most downloaded healthcare apps in the US. absence of disease. I can see
These applications bridge the gap between consumer wearables and apps playing a
products and clinically useful data. Apps that integrate role there already. I see
wearables being a health
tracking of calorie intake, exercise levels, weight, blood
follow-up tool rather than a
pressure, and others are becoming more popular as disease follow-up tool.”
consumers become more focused on maintaining their - Key Opinion Leader
health. Physicians have stated that the most useful
information clinically is often simply weight and blood
pressure recorded on a regular basis. As a result, GlobalData
expects these tracking applications will maintain their
popularity with consumers, and will drive more physicians to
use data from wearable devices and apps.

© 2017 | Wearable Devices

Chronic Disease Trackers 41

More patients are becoming aware of the possibility of chronic disease

management using tailored mHealth applications
• mHealth applications are able to ease the burden for patients with chronic diseases.
Research into use of a wearable device and app in combination with medication for
patients with osteoarthritis in their knees saw a significant difference between the
increased number of steps per day and reduction in pain during a six-minute walking
test (Skrepnik et al., 2017). Compliance rates for the mHealth app and wearable were
very high, evidenced by the large proportion of patients continuing to use the
technology after the 90-day study period ended. This and similar studies demonstrate
the value of wearable devices and mobile applications not only for patient monitoring,
but in management of chronic conditions and improved patient outcomes.
• Healthcare applications can have simple interventions.
In the US, 7.6% of adults currently have asthma. Pollen is a common trigger for people
with asthma, with high pollen count linked to an increase in hospital admissions
(Jariwala et al., 2013). For these patients, apps can aid in managing triggers and
medication. One example is Propeller, offering a “Daily Asthma Forecast” to alert users
to potential asthma triggers in addition to tracking medication, and sends alerts to a
designated physician or family member when a user’s symptoms worsen.

© 2017 | Wearable Devices

Use of Wearable Devices in Clinical Trials 42

Wearable devices have the ability to increase granularity “Growth in these [wearable]
of clinical trial data devices will be at least in part
from their use in clinical trials.
• Clinical trials currently rely on isolated snapshots of a Clearly at some point the
patient’s health throughout the trial period. regulatory agencies will be
Use of wearable devices provides researchers with real-world, able assess the efficacy of all
continuous measurements as trial subjects follow their daily these new drugs and
routines. Not all trials will benefit from the data provided by interventions not just by how
current sensors, however for some trials heart rate tracking well somebody can walk after
six months but using data
would provide key insights, for example if a new drug may gathered from the whole trial
potentially affect cardiovascular function. period.”
• The FDA is increasing focus on personalized healthcare in - Key Opinion Leader
products and clinical trials.
As trials become more patient-centric, GlobalData expects use
of wearable technologies for remote patient monitoring to
become more common in clinical trials. The ability to collect
more data on individual subjects will inevitably increase use of
wearables as non-invasive sensor technology improves.

© 2017 | Wearable Devices

Agenda 43

1. Wearable Devices Overview 6. Neurology Wearables

2. Smartwatches and Wearables 7. Other Segments

3. Market Drivers and Barriers 8. Unmet Needs

4. Cardiology Wearables 9. Pipeline Products

5. Diabetes Wearables 10. Regulation

© 2017 | Wearable Devices

Unmet Needs 44

Clinical utility remains a key unmet need for wearable devices

• Current data is not clinically actionable.
Although there have been news stories about smartwatches saving lives or predicting a
diagnosis, these are exceptional cases. For the vast majority of the population, heart rate data
and sleep trackers provide little to no clinical value for physicians. Wearables need to provide
actionable data before clinicians begin to advise their use. Two key parameters highlighted by
key opinion leaders are weight and blood pressure, for which some companies are marketing
connected devices.
• Medicine compliance tracking would be valuable to physicians.
Although apps exist for tracking medicines, they are not widespread and are often not used.
Incorporating notifications into wearables and facilitating tracking of patient compliance
would be particularly useful as non-compliance of patients is currently a major issue in
healthcare.
• Transcutaneous sensors would be capable of more sensitive measurements of a broader
range of biological molecules than watches.
While minimally invasive sensors are becoming more common for diabetes monitoring,
transcutaneous sensors for different biological molecules will be a major step forward for
wearable technologies in diagnosis and management of chronic disease, and would likely
result in increased adoption.

© 2017 | Wearable Devices

Unmet Needs 45

Physicians are looking for actionable data from wearables

“All of these data become more attractive if there is “If they bring this data into clinic I don’t
actionable intervention that is linked to it. This is not have any additional use for it outside of
to dis[respect] the data, because there are two talking to the patient about their
applications; one is to understand the physiology and symptoms. Maybe if it could track
to research how many patients have certain medication compliance or something
symptoms, but that is just for research; and two, similar, but at the moment with just heart
using these data to assess the efficacy of therapy. rate there’s not a lot of use.”
None of these things are ready for clinical use today.” - Key Opinion Leader
- Key Opinion Leader

“If there are transcutaneous sensors that can figure out your K level or
glucose level and is automatically sent to your watch, that would
definitely hold promise for clinical treatment, but that’s not what
today’s watches are giving you... Even if they did, we have blood tests
today, and we can get glucose levels and K levels so it’s not like we
don’t have a solution today, so the solution you’re coming up with to
the problem is ease, not that we don’t currently get the data.”
- Key Opinion Leader

© 2017 | Wearable Devices

Unmet Needs 46

Reliable data must be provided by wearables before “We have approached the FDA
physicians are able to use it clinically several times for their
perspective… if you can actually
• Physicians require guidance on how to use data collected get a lot of information on a
from wearable devices. day-to-day basis should we
Currently, most wearables are not classified as medical accept it? I don’t think we’re
devices, and thus are not regulated as rigorously as there, I think the world is moving
in that direction but [wearables]
physicians are accustomed to. As a result, many physicians need a lot of validation and
will be reluctant to use data from wearable devices due to understanding of what you are
the lack of data validation and guidance from regulators as getting from these data.”
to how to use this information. More input from regulators - Key Opinion Leader
is required to overcome this hurdle to using this data.
• Few reliable sensors are located off the wrist.
While there are some products available, the majority of
wearable devices sold are wrist-worn. As miniaturization of
technology continues, manufacturers will be able to
produce smaller wearable devices that can connect to a
smartphone or computer to track and monitor patients.

© 2017 | Wearable Devices

Unmet Needs 47

Wearable devices can not yet interact directly “Healthcare providers can’t make the
• Data interconnectivity is vital to enable most of data from wearable devices until
they can connect with existing healthcare
widespread use of data from wearable devices. infrastructure. It needs to be easy to
Currently, there is no digital standard for include data from wearables into an
interoperability between wearable devices. As a electronic medical record.”
result, it is difficult to include data collected from - Key Opinion Leader
wearable devices into existing patient notes,
particularly as many device manufacturers prefer “Many device makers now offer
connectivity but when you look under the
to hold the data in proprietary apps and cloud
hood it is a proprietary system. They offer
services. This poses a problem for the uptake of an app, then they offer a private cloud
wearable devices in a healthcare setting, as service. Everybody wants to keep their
physicians will not be able to utilize the data customers within their own walled garden
collected. In Europe, there has been pressure which creates a problem when the
from some governments, for example in the healthcare system wants to access that
Netherlands, for device manufacturers to data.”
-Key Opinion Leader
conform to data sharing standards. This is a trend
GlobalData expects to continue as wearable
devices become more widely adopted for
healthcare.

© 2017 | [Webinar Title]

Agenda 48

1. Wearable Devices Overview 6. Neurology Wearables

2. Smartwatches and Wearables 7. Other Segments

3. Market Drivers and Barriers 8. Unmet Needs

4. Cardiology Wearables 9. Pipeline Products

5. Diabetes Wearables 10. Regulation

© 2017 | Wearable Devices

Wearable Pipeline Products 49

Pipeline products seeking FDA approval

Many wearable pipeline products focus on improved sensors for heart rate monitoring to enable
detection and monitoring of arrhythmia, in addition to other vital signs. Below is a selection of key
pipeline wearable devices currently being tracked by GlobalData. This list includes only those
applying for FDA approval prior to launch.

Estimated
Product Name Company Stage Application
launch date
BioDatix WristBand HealthDatix Clinical January, 2019 Remote Patient Monitoring

BioStampMD MC10 Inc Clinical January, 2019 Patient Monitoring

Remote Patient Monitoring of
BuddyWOTCH Aseptika Ltd Clinical January, 2020 Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary
Disease
Cor/log BAN BT CGS Sensors Clinical January, 2021 Vital Signs Monitoring

Cortrium C3 Device Cortrium ApS In Approval Process June, 2018 Vital Signs Monitoring
eMotion Fetal
TinyKicks Inc In Approval Process June, 2018 Fetal Activity Monitoring
Activity Monitor

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Wearable Pipeline Products 50

Estimated
Product Name Company Stage Application
launch date
Everion Biovotion AG In Approval Process June, 2018 Vital Signs Monitoring
Verily Life
Google Wristband Clinical August, 2019 Vital Signs Monitoring
Sciences LLC
Remote Patient Monitoring for
HDWear BioSensics LLC Clinical October, 2020
Huntington’s Disease
iBeat Heart –
Heart Rate Monitoring; Remote
monitoring iBeat Inc In Approval Process June, 2018
Patient Monitoring
smartwatch
ID-Cap System etectRx Inc Clinical January, 2020 Medication Adherence Monitoring
MICROS Physiological
Vivonics, Inc. Clinical January, 2019 Patient Monitoring
Sensor
Mobile Wireless Biotricity
Clinical July, 2020 Fetal Heart Rate Monitoring
Fetal HRV Monitor Medical Inc.
PAMSys BioSensics LLC Clinical July, 2019 Remote Patient Monitoring

Reveal Awake Labs Inc In Approval Process June, 2018 Patient Monitoring for Anxiety
University of
Skin-Like Device Clinical July, 2018 Remote Patient Monitoring
Illinois

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Wearable Pipeline Products 51

Estimated
Product Name Company Stage Application
launch date
North Carolina Vital Signs Monitoring; Diagnosis
Sleepi-Band Clinical January, 2019
State University Of Sleep Disorders
Upper-Limb Frailty Remote Patient Monitoring for
BioSensics LLC Clinical May, 2019
Meter Trauma
Vitaliti Wearable Patient Monitoring for
Cloud DX Inc. Clinical January, 2020
Health Monitor Huntington’s Disease
Seoul National
Wearable Heart Rate December, Remote Patient Monitoring; Heart
University Clinical
Monitoring Device 2019 Rate Monitoring
Hospital
Wearable Sensor
Remote Patient Monitoring for
Patch - Parkinson's MC10 Inc Clinical January, 2021
Parkinson’s Disease
Disease
University of
Wearable Sweat February,
California Clinical Remote Patient Monitoring
Sensor 2019
Berkeley

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Agenda 52

1. Wearable Devices Overview 6. Neurology Wearables

2. Smartwatches and Wearables 7. Other Segments

3. Market Drivers and Barriers 8. Unmet Needs

4. Cardiology Wearables 9. Pipeline Products

5. Diabetes Wearables 10. Regulation

© 2017 | Wearable Devices

FDA Classification of Wearables as Medical Devices 53

The FDA currently does not classify most wearable devices as medical devices
• The Philips Health Watch is the only smartwatch to be classified as a medical device
Although companies are beginning to integrate apps designed for healthcare, the
smartwatches themselves are not regulated as medical. Manufacturers are beginning
to move towards functioning as a medical device, such as Apple seeking to detect atrial
fibrillation. As this is a diagnosis, it will require some form of FDA regulation.
• The FDA clarified the criteria for medical software in the 21st Century Cures Act,
enacted in 2016 (Sec. 3060 - Clarifying medical software regulation)
In terms of consumer products, software that is for “maintaining or encouraging a
healthy lifestyle and is unrelated to the diagnosis, cure, mitigation, prevention, or
treatment of a disease condition” is not considered a medical device. Similarly,
software for administrative support of healthcare, viewing electronic medical records,
storing test results, or other non-clinical functions are not considered to be medical
devices.
• Medical apps will be regulated using a tailored risk-based approach
Apps that are “intended to be used as an accessory to a regulated medical device, or
transform a mobile platform into a regulated medical device” will be regulated in this
way. Iterative changes such as app updates will not require re-evaluation.

© 2017 | Wearable Devices

Regulation of Mobile Health Apps 54

THE FDA IS SEEKING A NEW APPROACH TO DIGITAL HEALTH PRODUCT OVERSIGHT

Mobile Health Apps Pilot Program for

Interactive Tool New Regulatory Approach
The Federal Trade Commission has created an The FDA has begun a pilot program to regulate
online tool for medical app developers to aid medical apps by looking first at the developer of
understanding of relevant laws and regulations. the technology before reviewing the product
The Mobile Health Apps Interactive Tool asks itself. Under this approach, the FDA could “pre-
developers a series of questions about the certify” eligible developers deemed to be
nature of the application, including its function, sufficiently accomplished in areas or
the data it collects, and the service it provides organizational excellence. These select
to consumers. It uses this data to guide the developers would be able to market low-risk
developer towards detailed information about devices without additional review or with a
federal laws that may apply to the app. swifter review process.

© 2017 | Wearable Devices

Reimbursement and Insurance 55

Most medical wearable devices are not reimbursed

“Development hurdles are high,
• Most wearable devices are aimed at consumers regulatory burdens are high, it’s
As wearable devices are often not classified as medical going to be costly and all the
devices, insurance companies are not offering technology developers and drug
developers right now are so
reimbursement. This will limit growth of the healthcare
demoralized because they feel
wearables market, as only those who have the desire to that insurance companies are
purchase an expensive device will be using the associated not going to pay [for the
medical applications. devices].”
- Key Opinion Leader
• Insurance companies subsidizing wearables
Aetna now subsidizes the cost of an Apple Watch for some
“There is a huge amount of
customers. Although Aetna claims there are no health pushback to insurance
requirements, other providers are looking to begin tracking companies tracking customers.
customers’ health. Life insurance provider Vitality offers an There is a concern that by doing
Apple Watch for $25, provided users stay active. This move so you will be discriminating
has caused concern for many, particularly the impact on against people with disabilities
disadvantaged people or those with existing medical or social determinants of health,
and people who need more help
conditions which may prevent them from exercising as much
with be disadvantaged further.”
as others. - Key Opinion Leader

© 2017 | Wearable Devices

 Appendix

© 2017 | Wearable Devices

Bibliography 57

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© 2017 | Wearable Devices

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 59

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please contact us.

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© 2017 | Wearable Devices