PLT COLLEGE INC.

College of Nursing
Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya

PSYCHIATRIC & MENTAL HEALTH NURSING BULLETS

(Prepared By: Prince Rener V. Pera, RN,MSN, MANc,EMT)

1. According to Kübler-Ross, the five stages of death and dying are denial, anger,
bargaining, depression, and acceptance.
2. Flight of ideas is an alteration in thought processes that’s characterized by
skipping from one topic to another, unrelated topic.

3. La belle indifférence is the lack of concern for a profound disability, such as

blindness or paralysis that may occur in a patient who has a conversion
disorder.

4. Moderate anxiety decreases a person’s ability to perceive and concentrate. The

person is selectively inattentive (focuses on immediate concerns), and the
perceptual field narrows.

5. A patient who has a phobic disorder uses self-protective avoidance as an ego

defense mechanism.

6. In a patient who has anorexia nervosa, the highest treatment priority is

correction of nutritional and electrolyte imbalances.

7. A patient who is taking lithium must undergo regular (usually once a month)
monitoring of the blood lithium level because the margin between therapeutic
and toxic levels is narrow. A normal laboratory value is 0.5 to 1.5 mEq/L.

8. Early signs and symptoms of alcohol withdrawal include anxiety, anorexia,

tremors, and insomnia. They may begin up to 8 hours after the last alcohol
intake.

9. Al-Anon is a support group for families of alcoholics.

10. The nurse shouldn’t administer chlorpromazine (Thorazine) to a patient who

has ingested alcohol because it may cause oversedation and respiratory
depression.

11. Lithium toxicity can occur when sodium and fluid intake are insufficient,
causing lithium retention.

Prepared By: Prince Rener V. Pera, RN, MSN, MANc, EMT

 12. An alcoholic who achieves sobriety is called a recovering alcoholic because
no cure for alcoholism exists.

13. According to Erikson, the school-age child (ages 6 to 12) is in the industry-
versus-inferiority stage of psychosocial development.

14. When caring for a depressed patient, the nurse’s first priority is safety
because of the increased risk of suicide.

15. Echolalia is parrotlike repetition of another person’s words or phrases.

16. According to psychoanalytic theory, the ego is the part of the psyche that
controls internal demands and interacts with the outside world at the conscious,
preconscious, and unconscious levels.
17. According to psychoanalytic theory, the superego is the part of the psyche
that’s composed of morals, values, and ethics. It continually evaluates thoughts
and actions, rewarding the good and punishing the bad. (Think of the superego
as the “supercop” of the unconscious.)

18. According to psychoanalytic theory, the id is the part of the psyche that
contains instinctual drives. (Remember i for instinctual and d for drive.)

19. Denial is the defense mechanism used by a patient who denies the reality of
an event.

20. In a psychiatric setting, seclusion is used to reduce overwhelming

environmental stimulation, protect the patient from self-injury or injury to
others, and prevent damage to hospital property. It’s used for patients who
don’t respond to less restrictive interventions. Seclusion controls external
behavior until the patient can assume self-control and helps the patient to
regain self-control.

21. Tyramine-rich food, such as aged cheese, chicken liver, avocados, bananas,
meat tenderizer, salami, bologna, Chianti wine, and beer may cause
severe hypertension in a patient who takes a monoamine oxidase inhibitor.

22. A patient who takes a monoamine oxidase inhibitor should be weighed

biweekly and monitored for suicidal tendencies.

Prepared By: Prince Rener V. Pera, RN, MSN, MANc, EMT

 23. If the patient who takes a monoamine oxidase inhibitor has palpitations,
headaches, or severe orthostatic hypotension, the nurse should withhold the
drug and notify the physician.

24. Common causes of child abuse are poor impulse control by the parents and
the lack of knowledge of growth and development.

25. The diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease is based on clinical findings of two or

more cognitive deficits, progressive worsening of memory, and the results of a
neuropsychological test.

26. Memory disturbance is a classic sign of Alzheimer’s disease.

27. Thought blocking is loss of the train of thought because of a defect in mental
processing.

28. A compulsion is an irresistible urge to perform an irrational act, such as

walking in a clockwise circle before leaving a room or washing the hands
repeatedly.

29. A patient who has a chosen method and a plan to commit suicide in the next
48 to 72 hours is at high risk for suicide.

30. The therapeutic serum level for lithium is 0.5 to 1.5 mEq/L.

31. Phobic disorders are treated with desensitization therapy, which gradually
exposes a patient to an anxiety-producing stimulus.

32. Dysfunctional grieving is absent or prolonged grief.

33. During phase I of the nurse-patient relationship (beginning, or orientation,

phase), the nurse obtains an initial history and the nurse and the patient agree
to a contract.

34. During phase II of the nurse-patient relationship (middle, or working, phase),

the patient discusses his problems, behavioral changes occur, and self-defeating
behavior is resolved or reduced.

35. During phase III of the nurse-patient relationship (termination, or resolution,

phase), the nurse terminates the therapeutic relationship and gives the patient
positive feedback on his accomplishments.

36. According to Freud, a person between ages 12 and 20 is in the genital stage,
during which he learns independence, has an increased interest in members of
the opposite sex, and establishes an identity.
Prepared By: Prince Rener V. Pera, RN, MSN, MANc, EMT
 37. According to Erikson, the identity-versus-role confusion stage occurs
between ages 12 and 20.

38. Tolerance is the need for increasing amounts of a substance to achieve an

effect that formerly was achieved with lesser amounts.

39. Suicide is the third leading cause of death among white teenagers.

40. Most teenagers who kill themselves made a previous suicide attempt and left
telltale signs of their plans.

41. In Erikson’s stage of generativity versus despair, generativity (investment of

the self in the interest of the larger community) is expressed through
procreation, work, community service, and creative endeavors.

42. Alcoholics Anonymous recommends a 12-step program to achieve sobriety.

43. Signs and symptoms of anorexia nervosa include amenorrhea, excessive

weight loss, lanugo (fine body hair), abdominal distention, and electrolyte
disturbances.

44. A serum lithium level that exceeds 2.0 mEq/L is considered toxic.

45. Public Law 94-247 (Child Abuse and Neglect Act of 1973) requires reporting of
suspected cases of child abuse to child protection services.

46. The nurse should suspect sexual abuse in a young child who has blood in
the feces or urine, penile or vaginal discharge, genital trauma that isn’t readily
explained, or a sexually transmitted disease.

47. An alcoholic uses alcohol to cope with the stresses of life.

48. The human personality operates on three levels: conscious, preconscious,

and unconscious.

49. Asking a patient an open-ended question is one of the best ways to elicit or
clarify information.

50. The diagnosis of autism is often made when a child is between ages 2 and 3.

51. Defense mechanisms protect the personality by reducing stress and anxiety.

52. Suppression is voluntary exclusion of stress-producing thoughts from the

consciousness.

Prepared By: Prince Rener V. Pera, RN, MSN, MANc, EMT

 53. In psychodrama, life situations are approximated in a structured
environment, allowing the participant to recreate and enact scenes to gain
insight and to practice new skills.

54. Psychodrama is a therapeutic technique that’s used with groups to help

participants gain new perception and self-awareness by acting out their own or
assigned problems.

55. A patient who is taking disulfiram (Antabuse) must avoid ingesting products
that contain alcohol, such as cough syrup, fruitcake, and sauces and soups made
with cooking wine.

56. A patient who is admitted to a psychiatric hospital involuntarily loses the

right to sign out against medical advice.

57. “People who live in glass houses shouldn’t throw stones” and “A rolling stone
gathers no moss” are examples of proverbs used during a psychiatric interview
to determine a patient’s ability to think abstractly. (Schizophrenic patients think
in concrete terms and might interpret the glass house proverb as “If you throw a
stone in a glass house, the house will break.”)

58. Signs of lithium toxicity include diarrhea, tremors, nausea, muscle weakness,
ataxia, and confusion.

59. A labile affect is characterized by rapid shifts of emotions and mood.

60. Amnesia is loss of memory from an organic or inorganic cause.

61. A person who has borderline personality disorder is demanding and

judgmental in interpersonal relationships and will attempt to split staff by
pointing to discrepancies in the treatment plan.

62. Disulfiram (Antabuse) shouldn’t be taken concurrently

with metronidazole (Flagyl) because they may interact and cause a psychotic
reaction.

63. In rare cases, electroconvulsive therapy causes arrhythmias and death.

64. A patient who is scheduled for electroconvulsive therapy should receive

nothing by mouth after midnight to prevent aspiration while under anesthesia.

65. Electroconvulsive therapy is normally used for patients who have severe
depression that doesn’t respond to drug therapy.

Prepared By: Prince Rener V. Pera, RN, MSN, MANc, EMT

 66. For electroconvulsive therapy to be effective, the patient usually receives 6 to
12 treatments at a rate of 2 to 3 per week.

67. During the manic phase of bipolar affective disorder, nursing care is directed
at slowing the patient down because the patient may die as a result of self-
induced exhaustion or injury.

68. For a patient with Alzheimer’s disease, the nursing care plan should focus on
safety measures.

69. After sexual assault, the patient’s needs are the primary concern, followed by
medicolegal considerations.

70. Patients who are in a maintenance program for

narcotic abstinence syndrome receive 10 to 40 mg of methadone (Dolophine) in
a single daily dose and are monitored to ensure that the drug is ingested.

71. Stress management is a short-range goal of psychotherapy.

72. The mood most often experienced by a patient with organic brain syndrome
is irritability.

73. Creative intuition is controlled by the right side of the brain.

74. Methohexital (Brevital) is the general anesthetic that’s administered to

patients who are scheduled for electroconvulsive therapy.

75. The decision to use restraints should be based on the patient’s safety needs.

76. Diphenhydramine (Benadryl) relieves the extrapyramidal adverse effects of

psychotropic drugs.

77. In a patient who is stabilized on lithium (Eskalith) therapy, blood lithium

levels should be checked 8 to 12 hours after the first dose, then two or three
times weekly during the first month. Levels should be checked weekly to
monthly during maintenance therapy.

78. The primary purpose of psychotropic drugs is to decrease the patient’s

symptoms, which improves function and increases compliance with therapy.

79. Manipulation is a maladaptive method of meeting one’s needs because it

disregards the needs and feelings of others.

80. If a patient has symptoms of lithium toxicity, the nurse should withhold one
dose and call the physician.

Prepared By: Prince Rener V. Pera, RN, MSN, MANc, EMT

 81. A patient who is taking lithium (Eskalith) for bipolar affective disorder must
maintain a balanced diet with adequate salt intake.

82. A patient who constantly seeks approval or assistance from staff members
and other patients is demonstrating dependent behavior.

83. Alcoholics Anonymous advocates total abstinence from alcohol.

84. Methylphenidate (Ritalin) is the drug of choice for treating attention deficit
hyperactivity disorder in children.

85. Setting limits is the most effective way to control manipulative behavior.

86. Violent outbursts are common in a patient who has borderline personality
disorder.

87. When working with a depressed patient, the nurse should explore
meaningful losses.

88. An illusion is a misinterpretation of an actual environmental stimulus.

89. Anxiety is nonspecific; fear is specific.

90. Extrapyramidal adverse effects are common in patients who take

antipsychotic drugs.

91. The nurse should encourage an angry patient to follow a physical exercise
program as one of the ways to ventilate feelings.

92. Depression is clinically significant if it’s characterized by exaggerated feelings

of sadness, melancholy, dejection, worthlessness, and hopelessness that are
inappropriate or out of proportion to reality.

93. Free-floating anxiety is anxiousness with generalized apprehension and

pessimism for unknown reasons.

94. In a patient who is experiencing intense anxiety, the fight-or-flight reaction

(alarm reflex) may take over.

95. Confabulation is the use of imaginary experiences or made-up information to

fill missing gaps of memory.

96. When starting a therapeutic relationship with a patient, the nurse should
explain that the purpose of the therapy is to produce a positive change.

97. A basic assumption of psychoanalytic theory is that all behavior has meaning.

Prepared By: Prince Rener V. Pera, RN, MSN, MANc, EMT

 98. Catharsis is the expression of deep feelings and emotions.

99. According to the pleasure principle, the psyche seeks pleasure and avoids
unpleasant experiences, regardless of the consequences.

100. A patient who has a conversion disorder resolves a psychological conflict

through the loss of a specific physical function (for example, paralysis, blindness,
or inability to swallow). This loss of function is involuntary, but diagnostic tests
show no organic cause.

101. Chlordiazepoxide (Librium) is the drug of choice for treating alcohol

withdrawal symptoms.

102. For a patient who is at risk for alcohol withdrawal, the nurse should assess
the pulse rate and blood pressure every 2 hours for the first 12 hours, every 4
hours for the next 24 hours, and every 6 hours thereafter (unless the patient’s
condition becomes unstable).

103. Alcohol detoxification is most successful when carried out in a structured

environment by a supportive, nonjudgmental staff.

104. The nurse should follow these guidelines when caring for a patient who is
experiencing alcohol withdrawal: Maintain a calm environment, keep intrusions
to a minimum, speak slowly and calmly, adjust lighting to prevent shadows and
glare, call the patient by name, and have a friend or family member stay with the
patient, if possible.

105. The therapeutic regimen for an alcoholic patient includes folic acid, thiamine,
and multivitamin supplements as well as adequate food and fluids.

106. A patient who is addicted to opiates (drugs derived from poppy seeds, such
as heroin and morphine) typically experiences withdrawal symptoms within 12
hours after the last dose. The most severe symptoms occur within 48 hours and
decrease over the next 2 weeks.

107. Reactive depression is a response to a specific life event.

108. Projection is the unconscious assigning of a thought, feeling, or action to

someone or something else.

109. Sublimation is the channeling of unacceptable impulses into socially

acceptable behavior.

Prepared By: Prince Rener V. Pera, RN, MSN, MANc, EMT

 110. Repression is an unconscious defense mechanism whereby unacceptable or
painful thoughts, impulses, memories, or feelings are pushed from the
consciousness or forgotten.

111. Hypochondriasis is morbid anxiety about one’s health associated with

various symptoms that aren’t caused by organic disease.

112. Denial is a refusal to acknowledge feelings, thoughts, desires, impulses, or

external facts that are consciously intolerable.

113. Reaction formation is the avoidance of anxiety through behavior and

attitudes that are the opposite of repressed impulses and drives.

114. Displacement is the transfer of unacceptable feelings to a more acceptable

object.

115. Regression is a retreat to an earlier developmental stage.

116. According to Erikson, an older adult (age 65 or older) is in the developmental

stage of integrity versus despair.

117. Family therapy focuses on the family as a whole rather than the individual. Its
major objective is to reestablish rational communication between family
members.

118. When caring for a patient who is hostile or angry, the nurse should attempt
to remain calm, listen impartially, use short sentences, and speak in a firm, quiet
voice.

119. Ritualism and negativism are typical toddler behaviors. They occur during the
developmental stage identified by Erikson as autonomy versus shame and
doubt.

120. Circumstantiality is a disturbance in associated thought and speech patterns

in which a patient gives unnecessary, minute details and digresses into
inappropriate thoughts that delay communication of central ideas and goal
achievement.

121. Idea of reference is an incorrect belief that the statements or actions of

others are related to oneself.

122. Group therapy provides an opportunity for each group member to examine
interactions, learn and practice successful interpersonal communication skills,
and explore emotional conflicts.

Prepared By: Prince Rener V. Pera, RN, MSN, MANc, EMT

 123. Korsakoff’s syndrome is believed to be a chronic form of Wernicke’s
encephalopathy. It’s marked by hallucinations, confabulation, amnesia, and
disturbances of orientation.

124. A patient with antisocial personality disorder often engages in confrontations

with authority figures, such as police, parents, and school officials.

125. A patient with paranoid personality disorder exhibits suspicion,

hypervigilance, and hostility toward others.

126. Depression is the most common psychiatric disorder.

127. Adverse reactions to tricyclic antidepressant drugs include tachycardia,

orthostatic hypotension, hypomania, lowered seizure threshold, tremors, weight
gain, problems with erections or orgasms, and anxiety.

128. The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory consists of 550 statements

for the subject to interpret. It assesses personality and detects disorders, such
as depression and schizophrenia, in adolescents and adults.

129. Organic brain syndrome is the most common form of mental illness in
elderly patients.

130. A person who has an IQ of less than 20 is profoundly retarded and is

considered a total-care patient.

131. Reframing is a therapeutic technique that’s used to help depressed patients

to view a situation in alternative ways.

132. Fluoxetine (Prozac), sertraline (Zoloft), and paroxetine (Paxil) are serotonin
reuptake inhibitors used to treat depression.

133. The early stage of Alzheimer’s disease lasts 2 to 4 years. Patients have
inappropriate affect, transient paranoia, disorientation to time, memory loss,
careless dressing, and impaired judgment.

134. The middle stage of Alzheimer’s disease lasts 4 to 7 years and is marked by
profound personality changes, loss of independence, disorientation, confusion,
inability to recognize family members, and nocturnal restlessness.

135. The last stage of Alzheimer’s disease occurs during the final year of life and is
characterized by a blank facial expression, seizures, loss of appetite, emaciation,
irritability, and total dependence.

Prepared By: Prince Rener V. Pera, RN, MSN, MANc, EMT

 136. Threatening a patient with an injection for failing to take an oral drug is an
example of assault.

137. Reexamination of life goals is a major developmental task during middle

adulthood.

138. Acute alcohol withdrawal causes anorexia, insomnia, headache, and

restlessness and escalates to a syndrome that’s characterized by agitation,
disorientation, vivid hallucinations, and tremors of the hands, feet, legs, and
tongue.

139. In a hospitalized alcoholic, alcohol withdrawal delirium most commonly

occurs 3 to 4 days after admission.

140. Confrontation is a communication technique in which the nurse points out

discrepancies between the patient’s words and his nonverbal behaviors.

141. For a patient with substance-induced delirium, the time of drug ingestion can
help to determine whether the drug can be evacuated from the body.

142. Treatment for alcohol withdrawal may include administration of

I.V. glucose for hypoglycemia, I.V. fluid containing thiamine and other B vitamins,
and antianxiety, antidiarrheal, anticonvulsant, and antiemetic drugs.

143. The alcoholic patient receives thiamine to help prevent peripheral

neuropathy and Korsakoff’s syndrome.

144. Alcohol withdrawal may precipitate seizure activity because alcohol lowers
the seizure threshold in some people.

145. Paraphrasing is an active listening technique in which the nurse restates

what the patient has just said.

146. A patient with Korsakoff’s syndrome may use confabulation (made up

information) to cover memory lapses or periods of amnesia.

147. People with obsessive-compulsive disorder realize that their behavior is

unreasonable, but are powerless to control it.

148. When witnessing psychiatric patients who are engaged in a threatening

confrontation, the nurse should first separate the two individuals.

149. Patients with anorexia nervosa or bulimia must be observed during meals
and for some time afterward to ensure that they don’t purge what they have
eaten.
Prepared By: Prince Rener V. Pera, RN, MSN, MANc, EMT
 150. Transsexuals believe that they were born the wrong gender and may seek
hormonal or surgical treatment to change their gender.

151. Fugue is a dissociative state in which a person leaves his familiar

surroundings, assumes a new identity, and has amnesia about his previous
identity. (It’s also described as “flight from himself.”)

152. In a psychiatric setting, the patient should be able to predict the nurse’s
behavior and expect consistent positive attitudes and approaches.

153. When establishing a schedule for a one-to-one interaction with a patient, the
nurse should state how long the conversation will last and then adhere to the
time limit.

154. Thought broadcasting is a type of delusion in which the person believes that
his thoughts are being broadcast for the world to hear.

155. Lithium should be taken with food. A patient who is taking lithium shouldn’t
restrict his sodium intake.

156. A patient who is taking lithium should stop taking the drug and call his
physician if he experiences vomiting, drowsiness, or muscle weakness.

157. The patient who is taking a monoamine oxidase inhibitor for depression can
include cottage cheese, cream cheese, yogurt, and sour cream in his diet.

158. Sensory overload is a state in which sensory stimulation exceeds the

individual’s capacity to tolerate or process it.

159. Symptoms of sensory overload include a feeling of distress and hyperarousal

with impaired thinking and concentration.

160. In sensory deprivation, overall sensory input is decreased.

161. A sign of sensory deprivation is a decrease in stimulation from the

environment or from within oneself, such as daydreaming, inactivity, sleeping
excessively, and reminiscing.

162. The three stages of general adaptation syndrome are alarm, resistance, and
exhaustion.

163. A maladaptive response to stress is drinking alcohol or smoking excessively.

164. Hyperalertness and the startle reflex are characteristics of posttraumatic

stress disorder.

Prepared By: Prince Rener V. Pera, RN, MSN, MANc, EMT

 165. A treatment for a phobia is desensitization, a process in which the patient is
slowly exposed to the feared stimuli.

166. Symptoms of major depressive disorder include depressed mood, inability to

experience pleasure, sleep disturbance, appetite changes, decreased libido, and
feelings of worthlessness.

167. Clinical signs of lithium toxicity are nausea, vomiting, and lethargy.

168. Asking too many “why” questions yields scant information and may
overwhelm a psychiatric patient and lead to stress and withdrawal.

169. Remote memory may be impaired in the late stages of dementia.

170. According to the DSM-IV, bipolar II disorder is characterized by at least one

manic episode that’s accompanied by hypomania.

171. The nurse can use silence and active listening to promote interactions with a
depressed patient.

172. A psychiatric patient with a substance abuse problem and a major psychiatric
disorder has a dual diagnosis.

173. When a patient is readmitted to a mental health unit, the nurse should
assess compliance with medication orders.

174. Alcohol potentiates the effects of tricyclic antidepressants.

175. Flight of ideas is movement from one topic to another without any
discernible connection.

176. Conduct disorder is manifested by extreme behavior, such as hurting people

and animals.

177. During the “tension-building” phase of an abusive relationship, the abused

individual feels helpless.

178. In the emergency treatment of an alcohol-intoxicated patient, determining

the blood-alcohol level is paramount in determining the amount of medication
that the patient needs.

179. Side effects of the antidepressant fluoxetine (Prozac) include diarrhea,

decreased libido, weight loss, and dry mouth.

180. Before electroconvulsive therapy, the patient is given the skeletal muscle
relaxant succinylcholine (Anectine) by I.V. administration.
Prepared By: Prince Rener V. Pera, RN, MSN, MANc, EMT
 181. When a psychotic patient is admitted to an inpatient facility, the primary
concern is safety, followed by the establishment of trust.

182. An effective way to decrease the risk of suicide is to make a suicide contract
with the patient for a specified period of time.

183. A depressed patient should be given sufficient portions of his favorite foods,
but shouldn’t be overwhelmed with too much food.

184. The nurse should assess the depressed patient for suicidal ideation.

185. Delusional thought patterns commonly occur during the manic phase
of bipolar disorder.

186. Apathy is typically observed in patients who have schizophrenia.

187. Manipulative behavior is characteristic of a patient who has passive–

aggressive personality disorder.

188. When a patient who has schizophrenia begins to hallucinate, the nurse
should redirect the patient to activities that are focused on the here and now.

189. When a patient who is receiving an antipsychotic drug exhibits muscle rigidity
and tremors, the nurse should administer an antiparkinsonian drug (for
example, Cogentin or Artane) as ordered.

190. A patient who is receiving lithium (Eskalith) therapy should report diarrhea,
vomiting, drowsiness, muscular weakness, or lack of coordination to the
physician immediately.

191. The therapeutic serum level of lithium (Eskalith) for maintenance is 0.6 to 1.2
mEq/L.

192. Obsessive-compulsive disorder is an anxiety-related disorder.

193. Al-Anon is a self-help group for families of alcoholics.

194. Desensitization is a treatment for phobia, or irrational fear.

195. After electroconvulsive therapy, the patient is placed in the lateral position,
with the head turned to one side.

196. A delusion is a fixed false belief.

197. Giving away personal possessions is a sign of suicidal ideation. Other signs
include writing a suicide note or talking about suicide.

Prepared By: Prince Rener V. Pera, RN, MSN, MANc, EMT

 198. Agoraphobia is fear of open spaces.

199. A person who has paranoid personality disorder projects hostilities onto
others.

200. To assess a patient’s judgment, the nurse should ask the patient what he
would do if he found a stamped, addressed envelope. An appropriate response
is that he would mail the envelope.

201. After electroconvulsive therapy, the patient should be monitored for post-
shock amnesia.

202. A mother who continues to perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation after a

physician pronounces a child dead is showing denial.

203. Transvestism is a desire to wear clothes usually worn by members of the

opposite sex.

204. Tardive dyskinesia causes excessive blinking and unusual movement of the
tongue, and involuntary sucking and chewing.

205. Trihexyphenidyl (Artane) and benztropine (Cogentin) are administered to

counteract extrapyramidal adverse effects.

206. To prevent hypertensive crisis, a patient who is taking a monoamine oxidase

inhibitor should avoid consuming aged cheese, caffeine, beer, yeast, chocolate,
liver, processed foods, and monosodium glutamate.

207. Extrapyramidal symptoms include parkinsonism, dystonia, akathisia (“ants in

the pants”), and tardive dyskinesia.

208. One theory that supports the use of electroconvulsive therapy suggests that
it “resets” the brain circuits to allow normal function.

209. A patient who has obsessive-compulsive disorder usually recognizes the

senselessness of his behavior but is powerless to stop it (ego-dystonia).

210. In helping a patient who has been abused, physical safety is the nurse’s first
priority.

211. Pemoline (Cylert) is used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

(ADHD).

Prepared By: Prince Rener V. Pera, RN, MSN, MANc, EMT

 212. Clozapine (Clozaril) is contraindicated in pregnant women and in patients
who have severe granulocytopenia or severe central nervous
system depression.

213. Repression, an unconscious process, is the inability to recall painful or

unpleasant thoughts or feelings.

214. Projection is shifting of unwanted characteristics or shortcomings to others

(scapegoat).

215. Hypnosis is used to treat psychogenic amnesia.

216. Disulfiram (Antabuse) is administered orally as an aversion therapy to treat

alcoholism.

217. Ingestion of alcohol by a patient who is taking disulfiram (Antabuse) can

cause severe reactions, including nausea and vomiting, and may endanger the
patient’s life.

218. Improved concentration is a sign that lithium is taking effect.

219. Behavior modification, including time-outs, token economy, or a reward

system, is a treatment for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

220. For a patient who has anorexia nervosa, the nurse should provide support at
mealtime and record the amount the patient eats.

221. A significant toxic risk associated with clozapine (Clozaril) administration is

blood dyscrasia.

222. Adverse effects of haloperidol (Haldol) administration include drowsiness;

insomnia; weakness; headache; and extrapyramidal symptoms, such as
akathisia, tardive dyskinesia, and dystonia.

223. Hypervigilance and déjà vu are signs of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

224. A child who shows dissociation has probably been abused.

225. Confabulation is the use of fantasy to fill in gaps of memory.

Prepared By: Prince Rener V. Pera, RN, MSN, MANc, EMT