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Year 9 Ecology Revision

This document provides definitions and explanations of key ecology terminology and processes. It defines terms like ecology, abiotic, biotic, organism, population, community, habitat, ecosystem, producer, consumer, decomposer, herbivore, carnivore, and omnivore. It also explains concepts like photosynthesis, respiration, energy flow through ecosystems via food chains and webs, and how around 10% of energy is typically transferred between trophic levels. Additionally, it discusses biotic and abiotic factors, populations, adaptations, the water and carbon cycles, and human impacts on environments like pesticide use, eutrophication, and biological control.

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Hagen Seah
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977 views10 pages

Year 9 Ecology Revision

This document provides definitions and explanations of key ecology terminology and processes. It defines terms like ecology, abiotic, biotic, organism, population, community, habitat, ecosystem, producer, consumer, decomposer, herbivore, carnivore, and omnivore. It also explains concepts like photosynthesis, respiration, energy flow through ecosystems via food chains and webs, and how around 10% of energy is typically transferred between trophic levels. Additionally, it discusses biotic and abiotic factors, populations, adaptations, the water and carbon cycles, and human impacts on environments like pesticide use, eutrophication, and biological control.

Uploaded by

Hagen Seah
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Year 9 Ecology Revision

Ecology Terminology and processes

1. Define the following terms

Term Definition
Ecology

Abiotic

Biotic

Organism

Population

Community

Habitat

Ecosystem

Producer

Consumer

Decomposer

Herbivore

Carnivore

Omnivore
2. State the word equation for photosynthesis

3. State the word equation for respiration

Energy Flow in Ecosystems

4. Complete the following word clozes with words from the boxes above each.

 Producers – the beginning of the food chain

producers, photosynthesis, energy, Sun, trees, grass

Plants such as _________________ and _________________ are at the


bottom of the food chain. They get their _________________ from the
_________________ and are called _________________ because they produce their
own food via the process known as _________________.

 First order consumers – herbivores

deer, consumers, herbivores, mice, plants

Animals such as _________________ and _________________ are first


order_________________ because they get their energy from eating
_________________. These animals are known as _________________
because they eat or consume herbs and plants.

 Second and third order consumers – carnivores

owls, carnivores, predators, prey, foxes

Animals such as _________________ and _________________ are


second and third order consumers because they eat animals.
They are _________________. They are the _________________
that _________________ on smaller animals.
 The food chain

Sun, consumers, chain, web

We can trace the path of energy from the _________________ to producers then first
order _________________ then second and third order consumers. They all link together
to form a food _________________. Most animals have a variety of organisms in their
diet, so they belong to several food chains. All the food chains in a particular ecosystem
make up a complex matrix called a food _________________.

5. Complete the food chain for the


organisms pictured by writing their
names in the correct boxes in the
chain below.

6. Identify three possible food chains from the picture below.


7. Use the food chains below to help you draw in the arrows to show energy flow
through the food web.
plant -> cricket -> spider -> chicken -> owl
plant -> parrot -> owl -> hawk
weeds -> parrot -> hawk
weeds -> cricket -> chicken -> owl -> hawk
weeds -> beetle -> lizard -> frog -> snake -> hawk
weeds -> beetle -> spider -> chicken -> owl
grass -> beetle -> lizard -> frog -> snake -> hawk
grass -> beetle -> spider -> chicken -> owl

3rd order
consumers

2nd order
consumers

1st order
consumers

Producers

8. In your own words, write a definition for the term ‘food web’.
Use some examples from the diagram above.

9. Decomposers are very important in food chains and food webs. What is their role?
10. The following diagram shows a flow chart of how energy is transferred in an
ecosystem. Correctly label the empty boxes with the missing terms.

11. Name the process by which:

a) Producers make their own food using sun energy.

b) Consumers obtain energy from food they eat.

12. What is the percentages of energy that can be moved along a food chain from one
organism to the next? What happens to the rest of the energy?
Biotic Factors

13. Complete the following table to give a definition and an example of each of the
biotic factors.

Biotic Factor Definition Example

Competition

Predation

Mutualism

Commensalism

Parasitism

Decomposers

Populations and Adaptations

14. Organisms living in different habitats need different adaptations. Define adaptation.

15. Outline the 3 different types of adaptations and give an example of each in a living
organism.
16. A student finds 10 grasshoppers in their backyard and marks them in a humane
way. The next week he finds 20 grasshoppers but only 3 are marked.

a. Use a calculation to estimate the total population.

b. Give one reason why this estimate may be wrong?

17. List four factors that may affect the population of an organism

Abiotic Factors

18. List six abiotic factors and explain how each impacts living organisms
19. Draw a labelled diagram of the water cycle

20. Draw a labelled diagram of the carbon cycle

Natural and Human Impact on Ecosystems

21. Explain 5 ways humans have impacted the environment


22. a) What is ecological succession?

b) List the stages of ecological succession

c) Would an eagle be part of an early community or a climax community? Explain


why?

23. With the aid of two quick sketches, before and after, explain the salinity problem in
W.A.'s wheatbelt?
24. a) What is eutrophication?

b) What are some of its causes and effects?

25. Why do chemical pesticides such as DDT affect animals at the top of the food chain
more than those at the bottom of the food chain?

26. Describe two examples of biological control, one that worked well and one that did
not.

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