UNIVERSITY EXAMINATIONS UNIVERSITEITSEKSAMENS UNISA See PYC1502 (475087) OctoberNovember 2017 RPY1502 (496402) PSYCHOLOGY IN SOCIETY Duration 2 Hours 50 Marks EXAMINERS: FIRST MR S MASEKO MRS VM NEKHAVHAMBE MS ET SILINDA, MR GM SKOSANA PROF SH VAN DEVENTER SECOND ROEM MOJAPELO-BATKA Closed book examination This examination question paper remains the property of the University of South Africa and may not be ramoved trom the sxamination venue fan The following information Is very important Please provide your student number here - ~ [TURN OVER]UNIVERSITY EXAMINATIONS UNIVERSITEITSEKSAMENS UNISA lf PYC1502 (475087) October/November 2017 RPY1502 (490402) PSYCHOLOGY IN SOCIETY Duration 2 Hours 50 Marks EXAMINERS FIRST MR S MASEKO. MRS VM NEKHAVHAMBE Ms FT SILINDA, MR GM SKOSANA, PROF SH VAN DEVENTER SECOND DRIEM MOJAPELO-BATKA Closed book examination ‘This examination question paper remains the property of the University of South Africa and may not be removed from the axamination venue tatennaid a ‘This paper consists of 13 pages plus instructions for completion of a mark reading sheet The following information is very important 1 Pease proms your student numba here [ | = ~ 2. Please complete the attendance register on the back page, tear off and hand i to the mviglator 3. This examination paper remans the property of the University of South Afnca and may not be removed com the examination room After completing the examinaton, you must hand inthe following © One mark-reading sheet (on which you indicated your answers) This examination paper (ell pages must be handed in) 4 The examination paper consists of fity muple-choice questons The mark you obtain will be ‘converted automaticaly to a percentage (in other words @ mark out of 100) 5 Answer the examination questions on a mark reading sheet You will receive a mark reading sheet with this paper Read the attached instructions for completion of a mark reading sheet and follow these instructions carefully Ensure that you provide the following informaton on the mark reading sheet © Your student number © The course code © The paper’s unique number 6 The PYC1502 Teaching Team wishes you good luck with this examination. [TURN OVER}3 PYC1502 OctiNov 2017 (Questions 1 to 7 are based on stress ‘| Question 1 The Western Cape Province in South Afnca is expenencing drought This situation is also affecting the neighbouring provinces and the world at large This has led to a call for people to conserve water What kind of stressor 1s most appropnate in describing this situation? 1 amicro stressor 2° acommunty stressor 3 auniversai stressor 4 a personal stressor Question 2 Response specificity refers to a condition whereby psychological factors lead to the development of physical ilness 2 condition whereby stressors lead to the development of a certain physiological pattem of iliness a condition whereby stress leads to the development of feeling of being emotionally drained and empty A condition whereby a person expenences too much stress over a long period of time BR one Question 3 Which of the following ts not one of the assumptions of the contextual model of stress? 1 There ts a pattem in the way people react to stress, regardless of the nature of the stressors 2 Anevent does not have a universal meaning independent of the situation in which it occurs 3° Communtties share beliefs and meanings in terms of the interpretations of events, 4 The process of perception is important in the contextualisation of events Question 4 Stress affects peopie in different ways and may lead to burnout Which of the following statements about burnout is incorrect?” 1 Chronic exposure to strass can lead to bumout 2 The development of burnout 1s slow and can be easily identified 3 Feelings of alienation, and being emotionally drained are common with burnout 4 Bumout is associated with decreased level of performance in a task Question 5 During which phase of the General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) of the stress process doas a person become physically il due to prolonged exposure to a stressor? 1 The exhaustion phase 2. The alarm and mobilization phase 3. The resistance phase 4 Allofthe above [TURN OVER],4 PYC1502 (OctiNov 2017 Question 6 When asked to explain why two employees that perform the same jab may expenence work stress dfferenty, John states that “It is because people use different coping strategies at work " This answer is 1 correct 2. incorrect, he should state that tis because one person may view work as a personal event, whereas the other person may see itas a micro event 3. incorrect, he should state that personalty plays a role in whether or not an event is perceived as threatening or challenging 4 partially correct, n acidtion to his answer, he should mention all the above points Question 7 ‘There are physiological changes that take place when people expenence stress The increases the Physiological arousal of the body, whereas decreases it ‘sympathetic nervous system, parasympathetic nervous system primary appraisal, secondary appraisal parasympathetic stimulation, sympathetic stimulation Psychosomatic stimulation, secondary appraisal Bune [Questions 8 to 13 are based on social issues. Question 8 Dunng the tutonal classes you notice that Sheldon always sits on the chair in the comer Today you decide to sit on the chair that Sheldon usually sits on Sheldon then demands that you get of the chair Sheldon's behaviours an example of psychological violence discrimination alenation temtonality Rona Question 9 ‘Which theoretical approach takes into consideration the effects of wolence on the indiiduals, groups, ‘community, and the social levels? 4. Instinct or socio-biological approach 2 Frustration-aggression approach 3. Ecological approach 4 Behavioural approach Question 10 ‘The difference between traditional and modem racism is descnbed as symptomatic change because 4 tis. a symptom of the legacy of racial discrimination 2. itis. a change in the way racism 1s expressed 3 itindicates extreme negatvve changes of the underlying attitudes 4 tis expressed in unhealthy behaviours towards others (TURN OVER]5 PYC1502 Oct!Nov 2017 Question 11 ‘Mr Naidoo 1s campaigning against a council motion to remove all trees from the park across the road from his home The council explains that these trees harm the environment Mr Naidoo refuses to allow for the removal of these trees because he grew up with them Mr Naidoo's behavior reflects 1 behaviour related to crowding that harms the environment 2 behaviour related to environment as an extension of the self 3 behaviour related to pnvacy for the environment 4 behaviour related to issues of control over the environment ‘Question 12 Violence in the society can take many different forms The lack of service delivery experienced by the poor communities in the society 1s an example of violence 1 domestic 2 interpersonal 3. structural 4° collective Question 13, Which one of the following statements 1s incorrect about communities? 1 Community members always co-operate when it comes to issues concerning the communty at large 2 There is a transactional relatonship between the communtty and its members. 3 Acommuntty 1s more than a physical or geographical enisty 4 The identity of the community 1s determined by its members (Questions 14 to 47 are based on paychoiogicai science, Question 14 ‘Which one of the following statements 1s incorrect about science? 1 The ideal of science 1s to minimise subjectwity and maximise objectivity 2 Researcher's interpretations of research findings become factual statements 3 Scientific statements become facts if we fail to prove thet they are false 4 One of the aims of science 1s to uncover objective reality Question 15 The component of scientific thinking that refers to the basic nature of the object of study 1s called ‘component ontological epistemological ‘methodological sdeological Rone [TURN OVER]6 PYC1s02 OctiNov 2017 Question 16 Which one of the following statements is incorect about Psychology as a discipine? Psychology consists of a body of scientific knowedge Psychology 1s made up of factual statements and theones Paychological statements are based on knowledge that has been carefully researched Psychology is a collection of popular beliefs Rone Question 17 I you want to conduct a study on the effects of substance abuse m your communty, you need to explain ‘among other things - where, when and how the study willbe conducted and who the research participants will be This relates to formulating a research problem the collection of research information Identifying a research topic planning and designing the study Rone ‘Questions 18 to 21 are based on the self. Question 18 ‘According to Johan window, which one of the following statements is relevant to gain setf-nsight? | have to work on decreasing blinded knowledge and increase hidden knowledge {have to listen to what others tell me about myself and to decrease hidden knowledge | do not have to expenence new and unexpected events in order to allow myself to discover formerly unknown aspects of myself have to provide others with unavailable and blinded knowedge about myself Question 19 According to the Johan window, if what you know about yourself corresponds with what others know about you, then you have level of self-knowledge blinded hidden ‘open collective Question 20 In referring to itself, the self ts both thinker and actor ts both object and subject remains constant and changes: all of the above sone [TURN OVER]7 PYC1502 OctiNov 2017 Question 21 ‘The interpersonal foundation of the self descnbes the self as a product of the process of consciousness the biological process the process of symbolic interaction all of the above kun ‘Question 22 Which of the following statements refers to a group's socio-matn structure? 1. Group members believe that the benefits of membership outweigh the disadvantages of membership 2 There are pattems of liking and disliking among group members 3° Agroup’s communication network determines the hierarchy of communication, and the number of people involved in the communication 4 The cohasion of a group is forced from the inside of a group as well as from the outside Question 23 Your tutor asks your group to do a group assignment Sipho disagrees with this, claiming that some students do not put enough effort when working in a group and would get underserved marks. Sipho's ciainn 1s an example of + groupthink 2 stereotype 3 group confict 4 social loafing Question 24 Which term desenbes the shared expectations about the kind of behaviours that are required from alll group members, and the rulas that prescnbe and forbid certain behaviours? 4 Group think 2 Group norm 3 Group polansation 4 Group confit Question 25 ‘The tendency of group membare to make unconsidered and uncntical decisions refers to group think confit interaction polansation Rone [TURN OVER}8 PYC1502 OctNov 2017 Question 26 ‘Social categonsation can be descnibed as the process of wanting to belong to a particular social group in order to have poste self-esteem thinking in an oversimplified and biased manner about members of the out-group grouping individuals on the basis of their similanties and differences on some characteristics developing and maintaining common interest and values for group members Rone Question 27 The process of social stereotype involves thinking in an oversimplified and biased manner about members of the out-group ‘a way of thinking that bring similanties between the members of the m-group and out-group ‘a way of thinking that brings differences between the members of the i-group the tendency of individuals to put less effort when working in groups and benefit equally as those that put more effort in a group task Bene Question 28 ‘The strength of relationships among group members refers to 1 socio-metnic structure 2° human membership 3. group norms 4 group cohesion Question 29 ‘The manner in which the elements of a group interact and how these interactions evolve over ime refers to group structure This answer is 1 comect 2 incorrect, it refers to group process 3. incorrect, it refers to group charactenstics Incorrect, it refers to group attnbutes [Questions 30 to 34 are based on psychological programmes. Questions 30 to 32 are based on the scenario below. ‘Scenario: The Executive Management of GoldMine company realised that the company was not doing well in intemational trade Dunng the meeting, the board of directors decided that a team of psychologists should be consulted to design a training programme to help employees at entry level to improve their work performance The training programme will be conducted over a period of 3 months to help new employees understand the processes and the procedures involved in performing their roles effectively However, the trade union representatives maintained that the training programme was Unfair to some of the employees due to the nature of their jobs, and that it compromised some of the labour relations laws (TURN OVER]9 PYC1502 OctINov 2017 Questions 30 ‘The programme's target population in the scenano is the team of psychologists This answer is 1 comect 2 incorrect, the target population 1s the Executive Management of GoldMine company 3. incorrect, the target population are the GoldMine empioyees at entry level 4 imcomrect, the target population are the trade union representatives Question 31 ‘The training programme's objective in the scenano is to reduce negative feelings towards the training programme provide information to employees about the labour relations laws ‘encourage employees to monitor their own work performance ‘enable employees at entry leval to improve their work performance Bone Question 32 ‘The penod of 3 months in the scenario can be regarded as the of the programme, attribute of length needs analysis implementation charactenstic bone ‘Question 33 Which term refers to the manner in which the programme content is conveyed to the participants? 1 Programme method 2 Programme resources 3° Programme objective 4 Programme implementation Question 34 The programme relates to the knowledge and skils that participants should gain through the programme objective content Implementation method RON ‘Questions 36 to 39 are based on motivation. Question 36 ‘According to Masiow's hierarchy of needs theory, the first basic level of needs to full safety needs needs for love physiological needs seltesteem needs, Bon TTURN OVER]10 PYC1502 ‘OctNov 2017 Question 36 Which theory of motivation states that motivated behaviour is mainly focused on reducing body tension? 1 Psychoanalytec theory 2 Optimal arousal theory 3 Behavioural theory 4 Homeostasis theory Question 37 Motwated behaviour can be defined as a state of tension brought about by biological needs for survival an action that 1s chosen deliberately to fulfil a particular purpose a speerfic innate behavioural pattern that sustains behaviour an innate motivational force that compels individuals to reduce the state of depnvation Aone Question 38 According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory, when a person quits @ ob to pursue a degree in psychology in order to fulfil their highest potenttal, this behaviour ts motvated by the nead for achievement and self-actualization biological neads ‘external factors need for a sense of belonging Rone Question 39 The statement that “we afi have a need fo realise our highest potential and shape our own destiny” is a teflection of theoretical approach of human motivation, psychoanalytic behavionstic humanistic biological Rone [Questions 40 to 44 are based on psychology of work. J Question 40 In the world of work, notions such as qualification, job-descnpton, selection, training and management began with phase of work Information industnal agneultural tand 3 Rone [TURN OVER}"1 PYC1502 ‘OctNov 2017 Question 41 ‘The cognitive-choice theones postulate that people are motvated by their personalities, dispositions, and values to work This answer is 1 correct 2 incorrect, the correct answer is self-regulaton theories 3 Incorrect, the correct answer 1s optimal-arousal theones 4 incorrect, the correct answer 1s need-fulfilment theories Question 42 Which one of the following statements 1s incorrect about the Protestant work ethic? 1 People should use their available time to work because work 1s inherently good 2 People should constantly improve their skills in order to work better 3 Peopie should team to take personal decisions and measure their worth in terms of personal achievements and wealth 4 People should not consume more than what they need to sattsty their basic needs Question 43 The shift towards self-agency and greater setf-reliance reflects a change in work ethic from feudal ethic to market ethic This answer is correct incorrect, tt reflects a change from mechanistic ethic to an ethic of self-development incorrect, ¢ reflects a change from feudal ethic to 2 mechanistic ethic Incorrect, reflects a change from market ethic to an ethic of self-development bone Question 44 ‘According to Lundberg and Peterson (1894), motvation at work depends on three factors These are work centrality, social norms, and solf-actualisation need-fulfilment sense of self-worth valued work goals Rone [Questions 45 to 50 are based on interpersonal psychology. ] Question 45, Gazzaniga and Heatherton (2003) identified three elements of affilative relationships These elements are (1) proximity and famikanty, (1) simulanty and complementanty, and (1) ‘communication intimacy strong emotions passion Rone (TURN OVER]2 PYC1502 OctINov 2017 Question 46 One of the factors that determine interpersonal attraction 1s complementanty Which option descnbes this factor? + People may be attracted to each other for physical and psychological reasons 2 People that have similar attitudes, personality traits, and demographics tend to lke each other 3. The mote people come into contact with each other, the more likely they would be fends 4 Interpersonal attraction is mediated by verbal and non-verbal communication and people may like each other through chatting Question 47 ‘According to Stemberg (1986), love has three components These are passion, commitment, and intmmacy Which of the following kind of ove has the three components? 1 Companionate fove 2 Romanticlove 3 Fatuous love 4 Consummate love Question 48 The personality theonst, Karen Homey, identified covert patterns in individual interactions. These pattems are ()) moving towards people, and (1) moving away from people This statement is correct incorrect, because Horney did not identify ‘moving away from people’ as a covert pattern of individual interactions partially correct, because Homey identified a third pattem, namely ‘moving against people’ Partially incorrect, because Homey identified these pattems as overt, not covert patterns of individuiat interactions Be ne Question 49 Prosocial behawor is altruistic behavior intended to help others without expectng anything in return Which of the following 1s not a factor that inhibits people from behaving prosocially? Social desirability Diffusion of responsibilty and identifiability ‘Social ambiguity of the situation cost versus benefit trade-off Rene [TURN OVER]13 PYC1502 (OctNov 2017 Question 50 Generally, communication is the process of sending a message and receiving the feedback Which of the following statements is incorrect about communication? Communication involves rules that determine how information is encoded and decoded Cultural diferences may cause encoding and decoding difficultes Clear communication always occurs between people that come from the same cultural background ‘Communication requires clear transmission and occurs in particular contexts Bane 150) is YOUR STUDER NUNUHBERY ONIGUE NOME ER AND, oD Comer ED NON NAHE NAR READING SHEET.25). 57 Sune Se Aint ManARE EC! © UNISA 2017i ‘seu UNIVERSITEIT VAN SUID-AFRIKA unwersiry oF soutu araica UNISA EXAMINATION MARK READING SHEET EKSAMEN-MERKLEESBLAD ERIC RERAUAUCEVEEN DEE See e a a ete ~ | fegeeestanchiess ( nena ft Fem bgy ce ere coon eee as ee a, : sien ne fect ered as a bas gate sas oft 6 cn fea gs stig ge: Hele: 0-0 ETT or use by examination ivigiator 2) eases ebay eas Oo et eas ch aldara g eae oe a) cece af Eglgy cb enc» ob ep tse ales os 98 eh 3: cds au cbf eeae obs ocd ob ‘Vir gebruik deur eksamenopsiener 4 [io gy ebseds yooh cafggfas cr ces : 2 wankume tis. 2 MAS YOLe me 2 win a TOUT RIALS ANDSUINAMNE HAS BEEN LADINGONMECILY_L RONTROLEE GAT VOORLETGNS EN VAN RLG NGEVULS SE Skcexmnarvoun svuotwr moumnen a ern rico w conntcriy ¢ xonmaLeeR Oat U OH ANAT STUSENTENCM SS cecxtiar reeuaur muwncriasomn Aco comcenur” 8 xonTRoWen ar Oe ue Rouen neo mena en = maar savas ere ta ania chaser rare eae waar sabenes begs ep ca ea g Beeb aeee chepases dbase nN aaa cpeararas E coer aee fain me eis eb ae eases aia Siem a oa Sicha ca cafe havea ianarean ss deb as le Seb aiet mains Saha meng : crear Sea epaibe pare nena perma chan en ea ass thas ap as ae a haar geese eyEsE mEENSMARK READING SHEET INSTRUCTIONS Your mark reading sheet 1s marked by computer and should therefore be filled in thoroughly and correctly USE ONLY AN HB PENCIL TO COMPLETE YOUR MARK READING SHEET PLEASE DO NOT FOLD OR DAMAGE YOUR MARK READING SHEET Consult the illustration of a mark reading sheet on the reverse of this page and follow the instructions step by step when working on your sheet Instruction numbers © to @ refer to spaces on your mark reading sheet which you should fill n as follows @ wine your paper code n these eng squares, for instance © The paper nember pertains only to first-level courses consisting of two papers WRITE forthe first paper and for the second Ifonly one paper, then leave blank © Fate your mitals and sumame © Fulinthe date ofthe examination © Fatlanthe name ofthe examination centre © WRITE the digs of your student number HORIZONTALLY (from leftto nght) Begin by filling mn the first digit of your student number in te frst square on the left, then fill nthe other digits, each one ma separate square @ incach vertical column mark the digit that corresponds tothe digit m your student number 25 follows a © WRITE your unique paper number HORIZONTALLY [NB Your unique paper number appears atthe top of your examination paper and consists only of digits (ex 403326) © incach vertcal column mark the digit that corresponds to the digit number m your unique paper number as follows [-] © Question numbers | 10 140 indicate corresponding question numbers in your examination paper The five spaces with digits 1 10 5 next to each question number indicate an altertive answer to each {question “The spaces of which the number correspond to the enswer you have chosen for each question and should be marked as follows [-] © For oficial use by the invigilator Do not Gill n any nformation here