I.

System Modeling

II. Objective

a. To create a system model using skm

b. To understand the different tools involve in system modeling

c. To evaluate the significance of using skm/ptw

III. Procedure

1.Everyone needs to complete this part

of the Tutorial before proceeding to the other sections.

2.Go to Start>Programs>Power*Tools for Windows and click the PTW32 icon

to start PTW.

3.Make sure that no projects are open by clicking Project>Close, then click the

Project>New command, as shown in Fig. 2.

4.In the Project Name box type Tutorial_V65, as shown in Fig. 3, then click the Save

button. (You don’t have to add the prj extension because PTW will do it for you.)

PTW will create a new folder called Tutorial_V65and place the Tutorial_V65.prj

project file within that folder. Every project in PTW has its own folder because PTW

stores other project-related files, such as One-Line Diagrams and data files, in the

folder with the prj file.

5.A new One-Line Diagram and Component Editor dialog box appear when you create

the new Project. We will build the Project using the One-Line Diagram.

6.Let’s start by adding a bus to the One-Line Diagram. Click the bus toolbar button.

The mouse pointer picks up a new bus component. Move the mouse pointer over the

white viewport area of the One-Line Diagram and click the left mouse button again.

The mouse pointer puts down, or places, the bus component, as shown in Figure 7. A

bus name is automatically assigned (changing names is easy, as we will demonstrate

shortly).

7.Add two more bus symbols using the same process. Separate the bus symbols by a

reasonable distance to leave room for components in between, as shown in Fig. 8. An

8.Add a new Utility component by clicking on the New Utility icon

9.Click the transformer toolbar

icon and connect its top connection point to BUS-0001 and the bottom connection

point to BUS-0002, as shown in Fig. 10.

10.Next, repeat the process and add a new transformer between BUS-0002 and BUS0003,

a new Cable off BUS-0003, and a new load attached to CBL-0001 as shown.

The new transformer, new cable and new load icons are highlighted as follows:

11.The next thing we’re going to do is rotate the Utility and bus symbols. Place the cursor

pointer on the drawing area just above and to the left of the utility symbol. Depress the

left mouse button and hold it down while dragging the cursor to the right of the utility

symbol and just below the symbol for BUS-0001. Release the mouse button and the

UTIL-0001 and BUS-0001 will turn blue, indicating they are selected.

12.Use the One-Line>Symbol Rotation>Rotate Right 90 Degrees function as shown in

Fig. 13.

13.Move the rotated symbols until they appear as shown in Fig. 14.

14.First we need to create a new one-line. To do this click on Document>New command,

as show below.

15.In the File name box, type in “UTILITY SIDE” as shown below and click on the

“New” button.

16.A new one-line Diagram will appear with “Utility” as the name.

17.Click on Window>Maindraw.drw command to make the “Maindraw.draw” one-line

active.

18.Now, highlight/select “BUS-0001”, “UTIL-0001”, “XF2-0001”, and “BUS-0001” in

“MainDraw.drw” and then click on the Edit>Copy command.

19.Now, make the “UTILITY SIDE.drw” one-line diagram active and click on the

Edit>Paste command.

20.This will paste a copy of the “BUS-0001”, “UTIL-0001”, “XF2-0001”, and “BUS0001”

symbols from the windows clipboard into the “UTILITY SIDE.drw” one-line
diagram.

21.Repeat step 14-20, but this time for components “BUS-0002”, “XF2-0002”, “BUS0003”,

“CBL-0001”, and “LOAD-0001”. Also save the third one-line diagram as

“BUS-0002.drw”. The third one-line should look like the one below.

22.Let’s link single-line diagrams “UTILITY SIDE.drw” and “BUS-0002.drw”.

23.Make active single-line diagram “UTILITY SIDE.drw”. With the “UTILITY

SIDE.drw” open, click on the One-line>Link>New Link command as shown below.

24.A “Link” window similar to the one below will come up

25.For the “One-line File” field, specify “BUS-0002.drw”. To do this, click on the “...”

button as shown below.

26.Now click on the “…” button for the “Component” field as shown below,

27.Now click on the “Attributes” button as shown below.

28.The “UTILITY SIDE.DRW” window should now look like the one below.

29.Let’s us now put a couple of “Legend Tag” on “MainDraw.drw” to make it more

descriptive.

30.Make active single-line diagram “MainDraw.drw”. With the “MainDraw.drw” active,

click on the One-line>Legend Tag>New Legend Tag.. command as shown below.

31.A “New Tag” window similar to the one below will come up.

32.In the “New Tag” window, type in “ TUTORIAL PROJECT” in the Legend Header

field. Next, click on the “New” button. Then on the “New Legend Tag” window that

comes up, select “Diamond” for the tag style and type in “1” for the Tag Text field. In

the “Legend Text” field, type in “Utility fault information are based on maximum

values.”Click the “OK” button.

33.In the “New Tag” window, click on the new button again. Then on the “New Legend

Tag” window that comes up, select “Hexagon” for the tag style and type in “2” for the

Tag Text field. In the “Legend Text” field, type in “All conductors shall be copper.”

Click the “OK” button.

34.Let us now paste the “Diamond” tag on the one-line. To do this, in the “New Tag”

window, select the “Diamond” tag, and then click on the “Paste Tag” button
35.A diamond symbol with “1” in the middle will show up in the center of the single-line

drawing.

36.The user can then move Diamond tag next to the “UTIL-0001” component like shown

below.

37.Let us now paste the “Hexagon” tag on the one-line. To do this, click on the Oneline>Legend
Tag>New Legend Tag.. command. In the “New Tag” window, select

the “Hexagon” tag, and then click on the “Paste Tag” button

38.A hexagon symbol with “2” in the middle will show up in the center of the single-line

drawing. The user can then move hexagon tag next to the “CBL-0001” component like

shown below

39.You can also put a list of the legend tags on the one-line. To do this, select the

View>Legend on the drop-down menu.

40.A list of legend tags will now be shown on the one-line similar to t the one below.

Note that this list of legend tags can also be resized by putting the mouse pointer on the

corner or on the side of the list

41. Now that we’ve entered several components and their connections on the one-line

diagram, we can enter system data required to run the basic system studies. Doubleclick

your left mouse button on the bus symbol for BUS-0001. Do not click on the

name, or a re-name dialog window will appear. When you double-click on the bus

symbol the Component Editor will appear as shown in figure below. Enter 13800 in

the Nominal System Voltage field for BUS-0001.

42. Click on the “All” selection in the drop-down list box on the far left side of the

Component Editor window. This will display a list of all components stored in the

project database. You can navigate through the list to select each component rather

than picking each component from the one-line.

43. Enter 4160 in the Nominal System Voltage field for BUS-0002 as shown below.

44. Enter 480 in the Nominal System Voltage field for BUS-0003 as shown below

45. BUS-0004 is connected to BUS-0003 by a cable, so the bus voltage from BUS-0003 is
automatically transferred to BUS-0004. Therefore you can skip BUS-0004 and move

to Cable CBL-0001. The cable is not linked to a library reference by default which

allows you to enter any impedance values. However library data are available to

minimize data entry. Click on the Library button as shown in the picture below.

46. Select the Copper Magnetic THHN 600V 60Hz 3 Wire+Grnd library reference as

shown. You can apply and close the library window by double-clicking on the Copper

Magnetic THWN selection, or by using the Apply and Close buttons.

47. Now select ‘2’ in the “Cable Size” field and enter 100 in the “Length” field as shown

below.

48. Select Transformer XF2-0001 in the Component Editor, and click on the Library

button as shown.

49. Select the Oil Air 60Hz transformer entry, then click on the Apply and Close buttons to

return to the Component Editor.

50. Select 1000 in the Nominal kVA field. This is also the screen where we would change

the connections, taps, and voltage ratings. For this tutorial, we will keep the default

settings of Three-phase Delta-Wye Ground connections with nominal tap settings.

51. Since you selected a library entry, the impedance values are referenced from the

library. If you want to enter a different transformer impedance, you would uncheck the

Link to Lib option to remove the library link, then enter a new impedance on the Transformer
Impedance sub-view shown in below.

On this sub-view you can enter any transformer impedance and optional neutral

impedance. The Calculator buttons can be used to convert Per-Unit or name plate data

to percent R & X values.

52. Select Transformer XF2-0002 in the Component Editor. Use the Library button to

choose a Dry Type transformer and enter 500 in the Nominal kVA field as shown in

the picture below.

53. Select the Utility component UTIL-0001 and enter the data as shown below. The

available utility fault contribution can be entered in MVA, KVA, Amps or as an

equivalent per unit impedance. The per unit voltage can be used to control pre-fault
voltage and load flow source voltage in front of or behind the utility impedance. The

equivalent per unit impedance display will be updated when the component is saved.

54. Select LOAD-0001 and enter 95 Amps with a 0.8 lagging power factor as below.

55. This completes the data entry for the first section of the tutorial. Return to the one-line

by closing the Component Editor (Document>Close) or by using one of the methods

discussed earlier for Navigating Between Windows and Documents.

56. Next we will use the datablock display to check our input data. With the One-line

displayed, select the Run>Datablock Format menu option as shown in below.

57. Select the Input Data format followed by the Apply and Close button on the Datablock

Format window shown in below. The datablock formats are user-defined groups of

input data and study results that can be displayed in any combination. The sample

Input Data format will display selected input data fields next to each component on the

one-line.

58. Input data should be displayed on your one-line diagram as shown in below. At this

point, you may need to move your symbols further apart to make room for the

datablocks. You may also need to go back to the Component Editor to adjust any data

that does not match the data shown in Fig. 29. Remove the datablock display using the

View>Datablock menu option or by using the Toggle Datablock Icon.

V. Discussion

1. Discuss what is system modeling and the different factors to consider?

2. What is a one line Diagram?

3. What is the importance of the PTW for Electrical Engineers?

4. How will computer software (PTW) impact the process of designing power system?

5. How will computer software (PTW) help in the study of power system analysis?