TENSES OF THE ENGLISH VERB (Active Voice) Kosik I.

Indefinite/Simple Continuous/Progressive Perfect Perfect Continuous

Привычные действия, повторяющ. в наст.; Действия, происходящие в момент говорения, Совершившиеся в наст. действия, действ., Действ., начавшиеся в опр. момент в прошлом и
PRESENT

констатации фактов в наст. временные, запланир. в ближ. будущем. начавшиеся ранее и длящиеся до наст.момента (с длящиеся до наст. момента.
V/V-s/-es (в3л.,ед.ч. – HE,SHE,IT) to beв наст.вр. + V-ing глаг.,не употр.в Continuous). have/has been + V-ing
have/has(в3л.,ед.ч. – HE,SHE,IT) +V-ed/V3
“+”I,you,we… ask/write “+”I am “+”I, we… have been asking/writing
He,she,it asks/writes You,we… are asking/writing “+”I,you,we… have asked/written
He,she,it has
“?”Do they,you,we… ask/write? He,she,it is He,she,it has
Does he,she,it ask/write? “?”Am I “?”Have I,you… been asking/writing?
“?”Have I,you… asked/written?
“-”I,you,we… do not ask/write Are they,you… asking/writing? Has he,she,it Has he,she,it
He,she,it does not ask/write Is he,she,it
“-”I,they… haven’t asked/written “-”I,they… haven’t been asking/writing
Usually, always, often, sometimes, “-”I am not
every day, once a week, twice a year, He, she,it… hasn’t He, she,it hasn’t
You, they…are not asking/writing
three times a month Already, just, yet(в вопр.и отриц.предлож. – For 2 weeks, since 1990, в вопросах How
He,she,it is not long?.., Since when?..
Now, at this moment в конце), this year, today, lately, recently

Привычные действия, повторявш. в прош.; Действия, длившиеся какой-то опр.промежуток Действия, совершившиеся до опр. момента в Действия, длившиеся какое-то опр. время, до
PAST

констатации фактов в прош. времени в прошлом. прошлом. момента в прошлом.

V-ed/ V2 to beв прош.вр. + V-ing had+V-ed/V3 had been + V-ing
“+”I,you… asked/wrote V2 “+”I,he,she,it was asking/writing “+”I,you,we… had asked/written “+”I, we… had been asking/writing
He,she… You,we… were He,she,it He,she,it
“?”Did you, we…ask/write V1 ? “?”Was I,he,she,it asking/writing? “?”Had I,you… asked/written? “?”Had I,you… been asking/writing?
Did he,she… Were they,you… Had he,she,it Had he,she,it
“-”You, we…did not ask/write V1 “-”I,he,she,it wasn’t asking/writing “-”I,you,we… hadn’t asked/written “-”I,they… hadn’t been asking/writing
He,she… did not You,we…weren’t He,she,it
Yesterday, last week, 5 days ago, in Yesterday at this time/at 5 o’clock, from He, she,it
By that time, by 5 o’clock, when he came… For 2 weeks by that time, for 5 years when
1998 5 to 7, all the day long, the whole day,
while, when he came… he came

Действия, которые произойдут когда-нибудь в Действия, кот. будут длиться какой-то опр. Действия, кот. совершатся к опр. моменту в буд. Действия, кот. будут длиться какое-то опр. время,
FUTURE

буд., конст. фактов в буд. Промежуток времени в буд. will + have + V-ed/V3 до момента в буд.
will + V1 will + be + V-ing will + have been + V-ing
“+”I, we will have asked/written
“+”I, we will ask/write V1 “+”I, we will be asking/writing “+”I, we willhave been asking/writing
He,you…will
He,you,she…will He,you…will He,you..will
“?”Will I,we have asked/written?
“?”Will I,we ask/write V1 ? “?”Will I,we “?”Will I,wehave been asking/writing?
be asking/writing? Will he,they…
Will he,they… Will he,they… Will he,they…
“-”I,we won’t .ask/write V1 “-”I,we won’t have asked/written
“-”I,we won’t be asking/writing He,they…won’t “-”I,we won’thave been asking/writing
She, they…won’t
Tomorrow, next week, in 2 days, in 2015 He,they…won’t Tomorrow by this time/by 5 o’clock, when he He,they…won’t
В придаточных УСЛОВИЯ и ВРЕМЕНИ Tomorrow at this time/at 5 o’clock, from comes… For 2 hours by 10 o’clock, for a week when he
после IF и WHEN вместо FUTURE 5 to 7, all the day long, the whole day, comes
употребляется PRESENT If he asks I’ll while, when he comes…
write.
 Indefinite/Simple Continuous/Progressive Perfect Perfect Continuous
1. привычные,пост.действ.,повторяющ.в наст. 1 действия, происходящие в момент речи 1 соверш.действие, важен результат в наст. 1 обозначает действия, которые начались како

PRESENT
I read newspapers every day. I am sitting now. She has done her homework. определ. t назад и длятcя в настоящем
2. общеизвестные факты, законы природы 2 действие запланировано в ближайш. будущем. 2действ.началось более 100лет назад и длитcя сейчас I have been working for our company sin
The sun rises in the East. I am leaving for Sudan tonight. The castle has already stood here for 200 2009.
3. расписания The bus departs every 10 min. 3 временное действие в настоящем years. I have not seen you for ages. 2действ.,которые начались в прошлом, длились кa
4.комментарии,пересказы историй, фильмов I am staуing at the hotel. 3с глаг.,не употр. в Cont.(чувств,желаний,умств.деят.) то t,могут ещё продолжаться или же только
He comes to the window and looks 4для выражен.раздражения/always,constantly/ I have known him for 5 years. завершились, но результат должен быть очеви
through it. He is constantly smoking here. I have been here since 9 o'clock. сейчас.
Инструкции,указания- повелител. наклонение 5 действие, которое меняется в настоящем 4 совершившееся в наст.действие She has been working hard. She is tired
(для всех-V1без-s;-es (Инф.))в отриц.форме- The sea is becoming warmer. He has not met her this week.
Do not(Don’t)+Inf. I have been reading the newspaper for an ho
С обстоят.t up to now(present),so far (до
Open the door. Do not smoke here. маркеры времени
маркеры времени Now, right now, at this moment,… этогоt),lately(недавно), recently (в последн.t),
Always, frequently, often, usually, since, not yet (ещё не),today, this week, this
sometimes, rarely, seldom ,every day, year, с наречиями неопред.t ever, never,
once a week ,twice a year, three times a I am reading a newspaper . already, just, since,f or
month I have read the newspaper .
______________________________________________ _________________________________
I read newspapers every day. 1 обозначает действие, длившиеся како
1.привычные действия, которые произошли в 1 действия, длившиеся какое-то
PAST

определённое время до определённ

прошлом, констатации фактов в прошлом. определённое время в прошлом. момента (др. действия вPast Simple)в прошлом
Обозначает действие, завершившееся до
I met him yesterday.(V2) It was snowing from Monday to Friday She had been writing for 20 min. when
определённого момента (другого действия в Past
I read the newspaper yesterday..(V2) last week. Simple) в прошлом. somebody came.
2 действия, которые происходили в прошлом 2 действие, которое длилось и было прервано 2 обозначает действие, которое длилось в прошло
друг за другом.
She had cooked when I came.
другим действием. закончилось в какой то момент, но результат долж
When I arrived at the railway station,I They hadn’t landed by that time yet.
Нe was reading the book, when I came был быть очевиден на тот момент в прошлом.
went to the booking-office and bought Had they finished their work by 5 o’clock ?
in. When I saw him he was red. He had been
a ticket. 3 одновременные действия в прошлом
I had read the newspaper when he came.
running.
вопросы к подлежащему в PrSm и PsSm -- While I was reading she was watching I had been reading the newspaper for an hou
без вспомогательного глагола, а смысловой гл. TV. when he came.
ставится в нужном t и форме. Причём в PrSm
1-she wrote it and posted it to h
подразумевается всегда 3 л. ед. ч.
(Past Simp
Who gets up at 7? I was reading the newspaper when he When 2-she was writing.(Past Continuo
Who got up at 7 o’clock yesterday? came. somebody 3-she had been writing for 10m
came, (Past Perfect Continuo
4-she had written it.(Past Perfec
Действия, которые произойдут когда-нибудь в Действия, которые будут длиться какой-то Обозначает действия, которые совершатся до Действия, которые будут длиться како
FUTURE

будущем, констатация фактов в будущем. определённый период времени (в какое-то определённого момента (или действия) в определённое время, до определённ
I will meet him tomorrow. определённое время) в будущем. будущем. момента в будущем.
1. Will you bring me(кому) the
book(что)? She will be reading a book when he I will have bought the tickets by 10 o’clock. We will have been working for this com
(первичный порядок слов) comes (at 5 o’clock). When he comes she will have cooked the for 3 years next month.
2. Will you bring the book to me ? (2-й) I will be reading the newspaper when he dinner. Will she have been reading this book fo
В придаточных предложениях условия и comes. I will have read the newspaper when he hour when I come?
времени после if(условие), when(время)... comes. I will have been reading the newspaper f
вместо Future употребляют Present. min. when he comes.
If she asks ,I will answer her question.
As soon as (when)he comes ,he will
help me. (как только он придёт,он поможет
мне) If it(о погоде,тепле-холоде,расстоянии,t)
snows ,we will ski.
I will read the newspaper tomorrow.
TENSES OF THE ENGLISH VERB (Active Voice) Kosik I.