Scribd
Upload
76 views11 pages

Librerias LCD para Manejo en Avr Archivo en C

This document describes an HD44780U LCD library for AVR microcontrollers. It includes functions for initializing the LCD, writing commands and data, and reading status. The library supports both 4-bit and 8-bit operation in either memory-mapped or IO port modes. It provides low-level LCD control via functions like lcd_write() and lcd_read() as well as high-level functions like lcd_puts() and lcd_gotoxy().

Uploaded by

Yonathan Mora
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as TXT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
76 views11 pages

Librerias LCD para Manejo en Avr Archivo en C

This document describes an HD44780U LCD library for AVR microcontrollers. It includes functions for initializing the LCD, writing commands and data, and reading status. The library supports both 4-bit and 8-bit operation in either memory-mapped or IO port modes. It provides low-level LCD control via functions like lcd_write() and lcd_read() as well as high-level functions like lcd_puts() and lcd_gotoxy().

Uploaded by

Yonathan Mora
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as TXT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 11

/****************************************************************************

Title: HD44780U LCD library


Author: Peter Fleury <pfleury@gmx.ch> http://tinyurl.com/peterfleury
File: $Id: lcd.c,v 1.15.2.2 2015/01/17 12:16:05 peter Exp $
Software: AVR-GCC 3.3
Target: any AVR device, memory mapped mode only for AT90S4414/8515/Mega

DESCRIPTION
Basic routines for interfacing a HD44780U-based text lcd display

Originally based on Volker Oth's lcd library,


changed lcd_init(), added additional constants for lcd_command(),
added 4-bit I/O mode, improved and optimized code.

Library can be operated in memory mapped mode (LCD_IO_MODE=0) or in


4-bit IO port mode (LCD_IO_MODE=1). 8-bit IO port mode not supported.

Memory mapped mode compatible with Kanda STK200, but supports also
generation of R/W signal through A8 address line.

USAGE
See the C include lcd.h file for a description of each function

*****************************************************************************/
#define F_CPU 4000000UL
#include <inttypes.h>
#include <avr/io.h>
#include <avr/pgmspace.h>
#include <util/delay.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include "lcd.h"

/*
** constants/macros
*/
#define DDR(x) (*(&x - 1)) /* address of data direction register of port x */
#if defined(__AVR_ATmega64__) || defined(__AVR_ATmega128__)
/* on ATmega64/128 PINF is on port 0x00 and not 0x60 */
#define PIN(x) ( &PORTF==&(x) ? _SFR_IO8(0x00) : (*(&x - 2)) )
#else
#define PIN(x) (*(&x - 2)) /* address of input register of port x */
#endif

#if LCD_IO_MODE
#define lcd_e_delay() _delay_us(LCD_DELAY_ENABLE_PULSE)
#define lcd_e_high() LCD_E_PORT |= _BV(LCD_E_PIN);
#define lcd_e_low() LCD_E_PORT &= ~_BV(LCD_E_PIN);
#define lcd_e_toggle() toggle_e()
#define lcd_rw_high() LCD_RW_PORT |= _BV(LCD_RW_PIN)
#define lcd_rw_low() LCD_RW_PORT &= ~_BV(LCD_RW_PIN)
#define lcd_rs_high() LCD_RS_PORT |= _BV(LCD_RS_PIN)
#define lcd_rs_low() LCD_RS_PORT &= ~_BV(LCD_RS_PIN)
#endif

#if LCD_IO_MODE
#if LCD_LINES==1
#define LCD_FUNCTION_DEFAULT LCD_FUNCTION_4BIT_1LINE
#else
#define LCD_FUNCTION_DEFAULT LCD_FUNCTION_4BIT_2LINES
#endif
#else
#if LCD_LINES==1
#define LCD_FUNCTION_DEFAULT LCD_FUNCTION_8BIT_1LINE
#else
#define LCD_FUNCTION_DEFAULT LCD_FUNCTION_8BIT_2LINES
#endif
#endif

#if LCD_CONTROLLER_KS0073
#if LCD_LINES==4

#define KS0073_EXTENDED_FUNCTION_REGISTER_ON 0x2C /* |0|010|1100 4-bit mode,


extension-bit RE = 1 */
#define KS0073_EXTENDED_FUNCTION_REGISTER_OFF 0x28 /* |0|010|1000 4-bit mode,
extension-bit RE = 0 */
#define KS0073_4LINES_MODE 0x09 /* |0|000|1001 4 lines mode */

#endif
#endif

/*
** function prototypes
*/
#if LCD_IO_MODE
static void toggle_e(void);
#endif

/*
** local functions
*/

/*************************************************************************
delay for a minimum of <us> microseconds
the number of loops is calculated at compile-time from MCU clock frequency
*************************************************************************/
#define delay(us) _delay_us(us)

#if LCD_IO_MODE
/* toggle Enable Pin to initiate write */
static void toggle_e(void)
{
lcd_e_high();
lcd_e_delay();
lcd_e_low();
}
#endif

/*************************************************************************
Low-level function to write byte to LCD controller
Input: data byte to write to LCD
rs 1: write data
0: write instruction
Returns: none
*************************************************************************/
#if LCD_IO_MODE
static void lcd_write(uint8_t data,uint8_t rs)
{
unsigned char dataBits ;

if (rs) { /* write data (RS=1, RW=0) */


lcd_rs_high();
} else { /* write instruction (RS=0, RW=0) */
lcd_rs_low();
}
lcd_rw_low(); /* RW=0 write mode */

if ( ( &LCD_DATA0_PORT == &LCD_DATA1_PORT) && ( &LCD_DATA1_PORT ==


&LCD_DATA2_PORT ) && ( &LCD_DATA2_PORT == &LCD_DATA3_PORT )
&& (LCD_DATA0_PIN == 0) && (LCD_DATA1_PIN == 1) && (LCD_DATA2_PIN == 2) &&
(LCD_DATA3_PIN == 3) )
{
/* configure data pins as output */
DDR(LCD_DATA0_PORT) |= 0x0F;

/* output high nibble first */


dataBits = LCD_DATA0_PORT & 0xF0;
LCD_DATA0_PORT = dataBits |((data>>4)&0x0F);
lcd_e_toggle();

/* output low nibble */


LCD_DATA0_PORT = dataBits | (data&0x0F);
lcd_e_toggle();

/* all data pins high (inactive) */


LCD_DATA0_PORT = dataBits | 0x0F;
}
else
{
/* configure data pins as output */
DDR(LCD_DATA0_PORT) |= _BV(LCD_DATA0_PIN);
DDR(LCD_DATA1_PORT) |= _BV(LCD_DATA1_PIN);
DDR(LCD_DATA2_PORT) |= _BV(LCD_DATA2_PIN);
DDR(LCD_DATA3_PORT) |= _BV(LCD_DATA3_PIN);

/* output high nibble first */


LCD_DATA3_PORT &= ~_BV(LCD_DATA3_PIN);
LCD_DATA2_PORT &= ~_BV(LCD_DATA2_PIN);
LCD_DATA1_PORT &= ~_BV(LCD_DATA1_PIN);
LCD_DATA0_PORT &= ~_BV(LCD_DATA0_PIN);
if(data & 0x80) LCD_DATA3_PORT |= _BV(LCD_DATA3_PIN);
if(data & 0x40) LCD_DATA2_PORT |= _BV(LCD_DATA2_PIN);
if(data & 0x20) LCD_DATA1_PORT |= _BV(LCD_DATA1_PIN);
if(data & 0x10) LCD_DATA0_PORT |= _BV(LCD_DATA0_PIN);
lcd_e_toggle();

/* output low nibble */


LCD_DATA3_PORT &= ~_BV(LCD_DATA3_PIN);
LCD_DATA2_PORT &= ~_BV(LCD_DATA2_PIN);
LCD_DATA1_PORT &= ~_BV(LCD_DATA1_PIN);
LCD_DATA0_PORT &= ~_BV(LCD_DATA0_PIN);
if(data & 0x08) LCD_DATA3_PORT |= _BV(LCD_DATA3_PIN);
if(data & 0x04) LCD_DATA2_PORT |= _BV(LCD_DATA2_PIN);
if(data & 0x02) LCD_DATA1_PORT |= _BV(LCD_DATA1_PIN);
if(data & 0x01) LCD_DATA0_PORT |= _BV(LCD_DATA0_PIN);
lcd_e_toggle();

/* all data pins high (inactive) */


LCD_DATA0_PORT |= _BV(LCD_DATA0_PIN);
LCD_DATA1_PORT |= _BV(LCD_DATA1_PIN);
LCD_DATA2_PORT |= _BV(LCD_DATA2_PIN);
LCD_DATA3_PORT |= _BV(LCD_DATA3_PIN);
}
}
#else
#define lcd_write(d,rs) if (rs) *(volatile uint8_t*)(LCD_IO_DATA) = d; else
*(volatile uint8_t*)(LCD_IO_FUNCTION) = d;
/* rs==0 -> write instruction to LCD_IO_FUNCTION */
/* rs==1 -> write data to LCD_IO_DATA */
#endif

/*************************************************************************
Low-level function to read byte from LCD controller
Input: rs 1: read data
0: read busy flag / address counter
Returns: byte read from LCD controller
*************************************************************************/
#if LCD_IO_MODE
static uint8_t lcd_read(uint8_t rs)
{
uint8_t data;

if (rs)
lcd_rs_high(); /* RS=1: read data */
else
lcd_rs_low(); /* RS=0: read busy flag */
lcd_rw_high(); /* RW=1 read mode */

if ( ( &LCD_DATA0_PORT == &LCD_DATA1_PORT) && ( &LCD_DATA1_PORT ==


&LCD_DATA2_PORT ) && ( &LCD_DATA2_PORT == &LCD_DATA3_PORT )
&& ( LCD_DATA0_PIN == 0 )&& (LCD_DATA1_PIN == 1) && (LCD_DATA2_PIN == 2) &&
(LCD_DATA3_PIN == 3) )
{
DDR(LCD_DATA0_PORT) &= 0xF0; /* configure data pins as input */

lcd_e_high();
lcd_e_delay();
data = PIN(LCD_DATA0_PORT) << 4; /* read high nibble first */
lcd_e_low();

lcd_e_delay(); /* Enable 500ns low */

lcd_e_high();
lcd_e_delay();
data |= PIN(LCD_DATA0_PORT)&0x0F; /* read low nibble */
lcd_e_low();
}
else
{
/* configure data pins as input */
DDR(LCD_DATA0_PORT) &= ~_BV(LCD_DATA0_PIN);
DDR(LCD_DATA1_PORT) &= ~_BV(LCD_DATA1_PIN);
DDR(LCD_DATA2_PORT) &= ~_BV(LCD_DATA2_PIN);
DDR(LCD_DATA3_PORT) &= ~_BV(LCD_DATA3_PIN);

/* read high nibble first */


lcd_e_high();
lcd_e_delay();
data = 0;
if ( PIN(LCD_DATA0_PORT) & _BV(LCD_DATA0_PIN) ) data |= 0x10;
if ( PIN(LCD_DATA1_PORT) & _BV(LCD_DATA1_PIN) ) data |= 0x20;
if ( PIN(LCD_DATA2_PORT) & _BV(LCD_DATA2_PIN) ) data |= 0x40;
if ( PIN(LCD_DATA3_PORT) & _BV(LCD_DATA3_PIN) ) data |= 0x80;
lcd_e_low();

lcd_e_delay(); /* Enable 500ns low */

/* read low nibble */


lcd_e_high();
lcd_e_delay();
if ( PIN(LCD_DATA0_PORT) & _BV(LCD_DATA0_PIN) ) data |= 0x01;
if ( PIN(LCD_DATA1_PORT) & _BV(LCD_DATA1_PIN) ) data |= 0x02;
if ( PIN(LCD_DATA2_PORT) & _BV(LCD_DATA2_PIN) ) data |= 0x04;
if ( PIN(LCD_DATA3_PORT) & _BV(LCD_DATA3_PIN) ) data |= 0x08;
lcd_e_low();
}
return data;
}
#else
#define lcd_read(rs) (rs) ? *(volatile uint8_t*)(LCD_IO_DATA+LCD_IO_READ) :
*(volatile uint8_t*)(LCD_IO_FUNCTION+LCD_IO_READ)
/* rs==0 -> read instruction from LCD_IO_FUNCTION */
/* rs==1 -> read data from LCD_IO_DATA */
#endif

/*************************************************************************
loops while lcd is busy, returns address counter
*************************************************************************/
static uint8_t lcd_waitbusy(void)

{
register uint8_t c;

/* wait until busy flag is cleared */


while ( (c=lcd_read(0)) & (1<<LCD_BUSY)) {}

/* the address counter is updated 4us after the busy flag is cleared */
delay(LCD_DELAY_BUSY_FLAG);

/* now read the address counter */


return (lcd_read(0)); // return address counter

}/* lcd_waitbusy */

/*************************************************************************
Move cursor to the start of next line or to the first line if the cursor
is already on the last line.
*************************************************************************/
static inline void lcd_newline(uint8_t pos)
{
register uint8_t addressCounter;

#if LCD_LINES==1
addressCounter = 0;
#endif
#if LCD_LINES==2
if ( pos < (LCD_START_LINE2) )
addressCounter = LCD_START_LINE2;
else
addressCounter = LCD_START_LINE1;
#endif
#if LCD_LINES==4
#if KS0073_4LINES_MODE
if ( pos < LCD_START_LINE2 )
addressCounter = LCD_START_LINE2;
else if ( (pos >= LCD_START_LINE2) && (pos < LCD_START_LINE3) )
addressCounter = LCD_START_LINE3;
else if ( (pos >= LCD_START_LINE3) && (pos < LCD_START_LINE4) )
addressCounter = LCD_START_LINE4;
else
addressCounter = LCD_START_LINE1;
#else
if ( pos < LCD_START_LINE3 )
addressCounter = LCD_START_LINE2;
else if ( (pos >= LCD_START_LINE2) && (pos < LCD_START_LINE4) )
addressCounter = LCD_START_LINE3;
else if ( (pos >= LCD_START_LINE3) && (pos < LCD_START_LINE2) )
addressCounter = LCD_START_LINE4;
else
addressCounter = LCD_START_LINE1;
#endif
#endif
lcd_command((1<<LCD_DDRAM)+addressCounter);

}/* lcd_newline */

/*
** PUBLIC FUNCTIONS
*/

/*************************************************************************
Send LCD controller instruction command
Input: instruction to send to LCD controller, see HD44780 data sheet
Returns: none
*************************************************************************/
void lcd_command(uint8_t cmd)
{
lcd_waitbusy();
lcd_write(cmd,0);
}
/*************************************************************************
Send data byte to LCD controller
Input: data to send to LCD controller, see HD44780 data sheet
Returns: none
*************************************************************************/
void lcd_data(uint8_t data)
{
lcd_waitbusy();
lcd_write(data,1);
}

/*************************************************************************
Set cursor to specified position
Input: x horizontal position (0: left most position)
y vertical position (0: first line)
Returns: none
*************************************************************************/
void lcd_gotoxy(uint8_t x, uint8_t y)
{
#if LCD_LINES==1
lcd_command((1<<LCD_DDRAM)+LCD_START_LINE1+x);
#endif
#if LCD_LINES==2
if ( y==0 )
lcd_command((1<<LCD_DDRAM)+LCD_START_LINE1+x);
else
lcd_command((1<<LCD_DDRAM)+LCD_START_LINE2+x);
#endif
#if LCD_LINES==4
if ( y==0 )
lcd_command((1<<LCD_DDRAM)+LCD_START_LINE1+x);
else if ( y==1)
lcd_command((1<<LCD_DDRAM)+LCD_START_LINE2+x);
else if ( y==2)
lcd_command((1<<LCD_DDRAM)+LCD_START_LINE3+x);
else /* y==3 */
lcd_command((1<<LCD_DDRAM)+LCD_START_LINE4+x);
#endif

}/* lcd_gotoxy */

/*************************************************************************
*************************************************************************/
int lcd_getxy(void)
{
return lcd_waitbusy();
}

/*************************************************************************
Clear display and set cursor to home position
*************************************************************************/
void lcd_clrscr(void)
{
lcd_command(1<<LCD_CLR);
}
/*************************************************************************
Set cursor to home position
*************************************************************************/
void lcd_home(void)
{
lcd_command(1<<LCD_HOME);
}

/*************************************************************************
Display character at current cursor position
Input: character to be displayed
Returns: none
*************************************************************************/
void lcd_putc(char c)
{
uint8_t pos;

pos = lcd_waitbusy(); // read busy-flag and address counter


if (c=='\n')
{
lcd_newline(pos);
}
else
{
#if LCD_WRAP_LINES==1
#if LCD_LINES==1
if ( pos == LCD_START_LINE1+LCD_DISP_LENGTH ) {
lcd_write((1<<LCD_DDRAM)+LCD_START_LINE1,0);
}
#elif LCD_LINES==2
if ( pos == LCD_START_LINE1+LCD_DISP_LENGTH ) {
lcd_write((1<<LCD_DDRAM)+LCD_START_LINE2,0);
}else if ( pos == LCD_START_LINE2+LCD_DISP_LENGTH ){
lcd_write((1<<LCD_DDRAM)+LCD_START_LINE1,0);
}
#elif LCD_LINES==4
if ( pos == LCD_START_LINE1+LCD_DISP_LENGTH ) {
lcd_write((1<<LCD_DDRAM)+LCD_START_LINE2,0);
}else if ( pos == LCD_START_LINE2+LCD_DISP_LENGTH ) {
lcd_write((1<<LCD_DDRAM)+LCD_START_LINE3,0);
}else if ( pos == LCD_START_LINE3+LCD_DISP_LENGTH ) {
lcd_write((1<<LCD_DDRAM)+LCD_START_LINE4,0);
}else if ( pos == LCD_START_LINE4+LCD_DISP_LENGTH ) {
lcd_write((1<<LCD_DDRAM)+LCD_START_LINE1,0);
}
#endif
lcd_waitbusy();
#endif
lcd_write(c, 1);
}

}/* lcd_putc */

/*************************************************************************
Display string without auto linefeed
Input: string to be displayed
Returns: none
*************************************************************************/
void lcd_puts(const char *s)
/* print string on lcd (no auto linefeed) */
{
register char c;

while ( (c = *s++) ) {
lcd_putc(c);
}

}/* lcd_puts */

/*************************************************************************
Display string from program memory without auto linefeed
Input: string from program memory be be displayed

Returns: none
*************************************************************************/
void lcd_puts_p(const char *progmem_s)
/* print string from program memory on lcd (no auto linefeed) */
{
register char c;

while ( (c = pgm_read_byte(progmem_s++)) ) {
lcd_putc(c);
}

}/* lcd_puts_p */

/*************************************************************************
Initialize display and select type of cursor
Input: dispAttr LCD_DISP_OFF display off
LCD_DISP_ON display on, cursor off
LCD_DISP_ON_CURSOR display on, cursor on
LCD_DISP_CURSOR_BLINK display on, cursor on flashing
Returns: none
*************************************************************************/
void lcd_init(uint8_t dispAttr)
{
#if LCD_IO_MODE
/*
* Initialize LCD to 4 bit I/O mode
*/

if ( ( &LCD_DATA0_PORT == &LCD_DATA1_PORT) && ( &LCD_DATA1_PORT ==


&LCD_DATA2_PORT ) && ( &LCD_DATA2_PORT == &LCD_DATA3_PORT )
&& ( &LCD_RS_PORT == &LCD_DATA0_PORT) && ( &LCD_RW_PORT == &LCD_DATA0_PORT)
&& (&LCD_E_PORT == &LCD_DATA0_PORT)
&& (LCD_DATA0_PIN == 0 ) && (LCD_DATA1_PIN == 1) && (LCD_DATA2_PIN == 2) &&
(LCD_DATA3_PIN == 3)
&& (LCD_RS_PIN == 4 ) && (LCD_RW_PIN == 5) && (LCD_E_PIN == 6 ) )
{
/* configure all port bits as output (all LCD lines on same port) */
DDR(LCD_DATA0_PORT) |= 0x7F;
}
else if ( ( &LCD_DATA0_PORT == &LCD_DATA1_PORT) && ( &LCD_DATA1_PORT ==
&LCD_DATA2_PORT ) && ( &LCD_DATA2_PORT == &LCD_DATA3_PORT )
&& (LCD_DATA0_PIN == 0 ) && (LCD_DATA1_PIN == 1) && (LCD_DATA2_PIN == 2)
&& (LCD_DATA3_PIN == 3) )
{
/* configure all port bits as output (all LCD data lines on same port, but
control lines on different ports) */
DDR(LCD_DATA0_PORT) |= 0x0F;
DDR(LCD_RS_PORT) |= _BV(LCD_RS_PIN);
DDR(LCD_RW_PORT) |= _BV(LCD_RW_PIN);
DDR(LCD_E_PORT) |= _BV(LCD_E_PIN);
}
else
{
/* configure all port bits as output (LCD data and control lines on
different ports */
DDR(LCD_RS_PORT) |= _BV(LCD_RS_PIN);
DDR(LCD_RW_PORT) |= _BV(LCD_RW_PIN);
DDR(LCD_E_PORT) |= _BV(LCD_E_PIN);
DDR(LCD_DATA0_PORT) |= _BV(LCD_DATA0_PIN);
DDR(LCD_DATA1_PORT) |= _BV(LCD_DATA1_PIN);
DDR(LCD_DATA2_PORT) |= _BV(LCD_DATA2_PIN);
DDR(LCD_DATA3_PORT) |= _BV(LCD_DATA3_PIN);
}
delay(LCD_DELAY_BOOTUP); /* wait 16ms or more after power-on
*/

/* initial write to lcd is 8bit */


LCD_DATA1_PORT |= _BV(LCD_DATA1_PIN); // LCD_FUNCTION>>4;
LCD_DATA0_PORT |= _BV(LCD_DATA0_PIN); // LCD_FUNCTION_8BIT>>4;
lcd_e_toggle();
delay(LCD_DELAY_INIT); /* delay, busy flag can't be checked here
*/

/* repeat last command */


lcd_e_toggle();
delay(LCD_DELAY_INIT_REP); /* delay, busy flag can't be checked here
*/

/* repeat last command a third time */


lcd_e_toggle();
delay(LCD_DELAY_INIT_REP); /* delay, busy flag can't be checked here
*/

/* now configure for 4bit mode */


LCD_DATA0_PORT &= ~_BV(LCD_DATA0_PIN); // LCD_FUNCTION_4BIT_1LINE>>4
lcd_e_toggle();
delay(LCD_DELAY_INIT_4BIT); /* some displays need this additional
delay */

/* from now the LCD only accepts 4 bit I/O, we can use lcd_command() */
#else
/*
* Initialize LCD to 8 bit memory mapped mode
*/

/* enable external SRAM (memory mapped lcd) and one wait state */
MCUCR = _BV(SRE) | _BV(SRW);
/* reset LCD */
delay(LCD_DELAY_BOOTUP); /* wait 16ms after power-on */
lcd_write(LCD_FUNCTION_8BIT_1LINE,0); /* function set: 8bit interface */

delay(LCD_DELAY_INIT); /* wait 5ms */


lcd_write(LCD_FUNCTION_8BIT_1LINE,0); /* function set: 8bit interface */

delay(LCD_DELAY_INIT_REP); /* wait 64us */


lcd_write(LCD_FUNCTION_8BIT_1LINE,0); /* function set: 8bit interface */

delay(LCD_DELAY_INIT_REP); /* wait 64us */


#endif

#if KS0073_4LINES_MODE
/* Display with KS0073 controller requires special commands for enabling 4 line
mode */
lcd_command(KS0073_EXTENDED_FUNCTION_REGISTER_ON);
lcd_command(KS0073_4LINES_MODE);
lcd_command(KS0073_EXTENDED_FUNCTION_REGISTER_OFF);
#else
lcd_command(LCD_FUNCTION_DEFAULT); /* function set: display lines */
#endif
lcd_command(LCD_DISP_OFF); /* display off */
lcd_clrscr(); /* display clear */
lcd_command(LCD_MODE_DEFAULT); /* set entry mode */
lcd_command(dispAttr); /* display/cursor control */

}/* lcd_init */

You might also like

pFad - Phonifier reborn

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


Alternative Proxies:

Alternative Proxy

pFad Proxy

pFad v3 Proxy

pFad v4 Proxy