SRI VIDYA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY, VIRUDHUNAGAR QUESTION BANK

MA8452-STATISTICS & NUMERICAL METHODS

Two mark questions & answers
UNIT – II DESIGN OF EXPERIMENTS

1. Write any two difference between RBD & CRD Apr-May2011

CRD RBD
a. It is one way classification It is two way classification
analysis of variance analysis of variance

b. Experimental error is large It is more different then CRD

because of reduced experimental error
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2. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of RBD Apr-May2010
Advantages :
a. It has a simple layout but it is more efficient than CRD because of reduction of
experimental error
b. It is flexible and so any number of treatments and any number of replication may be
used.
c. It is a two way classification analysis of variance.
Disadvantages :
a. If the number of treatments is large than the size of the blocks will increase this may
cause heterogeneity within blocks
b. The shape of the experimental material should be rectangular.
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3. State the advantages of a factorial experiments over a simple experiment.Apr-May2010
a. Factorial design are widely used in experiments involving several factors
where it is necessary to study the effort of the factory on a response.
b. The factorial design are more efficient than one factor at a time
experiments.
c. Factorial designs form the basis of other designs of considerable
Practical value.
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4. Why a 2 x 2 Latin square is not possible?Explain Apr-May2007/2008
Consider n x n Latin square design, the degrees of freedom for SSE is
=(n2-1) – (n-1)-(n-1)-(n-1)
=n2-1-3n+3
=n2-3n+2
=(n – 1)(n – 2)
for n = 2, degrees of freedom S.S.E = 0 and hence MSE is not defined. Hence a 2 x 2 Latin
square design is not possible.

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5. Compare and contrastLSD and RBD Apr-May2006,2009

LSD RBD
a. It is a suitable for small number No such restrictions suitable for upto
of treatments, between 5 and 12 24 treatments.
b. The number of rows and columns There is no such restrictions.
are equal and hence the number It can have any number of replications
of replications is equal to the and treatments.
number of treatments
d. Experimental error is reduced Variations is controlled in one
to a large extent, because direction only.
variation is controlled in two
directions
d. Experimental area must be It is a rectangle (or) square.
a square
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6. What are the basic principles of the design of experiments? Nov-Dec2011/Nov-Dec2012

May-June2011
i. Replication ii. Randomization iii. Local control
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7. Define “Analysis of variance” or ANOVA
According to R.A fisher, analysis of variance is the separation of variance as
cribable to on group of causes from the variance as cribable to other groups.
8. Write down the assumptions in analysis of variance Nov-Dec2010/Nov-Dec2011
i. Normality, ii. Homogeneity iii. Independence of error
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9. Define RBD Nov-Dec2012
Let us consider an agricultural experiment using which we wish to test the effect of ‘k’
fertilizing treatments on the yield of crops. We assume that we know some information about
the soil fertility of the plots. Then we divide the plots into ‘h’ blocks, according to the soil
fertility each block containing ‘k’ blocks. Thus the plots in each block will be of homogeneous
fertility as far as possible within each block, the ‘k’ treatments are given to the ‘k’ plots in a
perfectly random manner, such that each treatment occurs only once in any block. But the same
k treatments are repeated from block to block. This design is called Randomised Block Design.
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10. What are the advantages of the Latin square design over other designs.May-June2011
The advantages of the Latin square design over other designs are :
(i) With a two-way stratification or grouping, the Latin Square controls more of the
variation than the completely randomized design or the randomized completely block design.
The two-way elimination of variation often results in small error mean square.
(ii) The analysis is simple, it is only slightly more complicated than that

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for the randomized complete block design.

(iii) The analysis remain relatively simple even with missing data, Analytical procedures
are available for omitting one or more treatments, rows, or columns.
However the number of treatments is limited to the number of rows and columns except
in some situations. For more than ten treatments, the Latin square is seldom used.
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11. What do you understand by “Design of an experiment”?
The design of experiment may be defined as “the logical construction of the
experiment in which the degree of uncertainity with which the inference is
drawn may be well defined.
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12. What are the advantages of a completely randomized experimental designs?
Nov-Dec2010
The following are the main advantages of this type of design :
1. It is easy to lay out the design.
2. It allows for complete flexibility. Any number of factor classes and replications
may be used.
3. The statistical analysis is relatively simple, even if we donot have the same
number of replicates for each factor class or if the experimental errors are
not the same from class to class of this factor.
4. The method of analysis remains simple when data are missing or rejected
and the loss of information due to missing data is smaller than with any
other design.
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13. What is the aim of the design of experiments?
The main aim of the design of experiments is to control the extraneous
variables and hence to minimize the experimental error so that the results of the
experiments could be attributed only to the experimental variables.
14. Define experimental error.
The estimation of the amount of variation due to each of the independent
factors separately and then comparing these estimates due to assignable factors
with the estimate due to the chance factor is known as experimental error or
simple error.
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15.When do you apply analysis of variance technique?
To test the homogeneity of several means.
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MA8452-STATISTICS & NUMERICAL METHODS

SRI VIDYA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY, VIRUDHUNAGAR QUESTION BANK

MA8452-STATISTICS & NUMERICAL METHODS

SRI VIDYA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY, VIRUDHUNAGAR QUESTION BANK

MA8452-STATISTICS & NUMERICAL METHODS

SRI VIDYA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY, VIRUDHUNAGAR QUESTION BANK

MA8452-STATISTICS & NUMERICAL METHODS

SRI VIDYA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY, VIRUDHUNAGAR QUESTION BANK

MA8452-STATISTICS & NUMERICAL METHODS

SRI VIDYA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY, VIRUDHUNAGAR QUESTION BANK

MA8452-STATISTICS & NUMERICAL METHODS

SRI VIDYA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY, VIRUDHUNAGAR QUESTION BANK

MA8452-STATISTICS & NUMERICAL METHODS

SRI VIDYA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY, VIRUDHUNAGAR QUESTION BANK

MA8452-STATISTICS & NUMERICAL METHODS

SRI VIDYA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY, VIRUDHUNAGAR QUESTION BANK

MA8452-STATISTICS & NUMERICAL METHODS

SRI VIDYA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY, VIRUDHUNAGAR QUESTION BANK

MA8452-STATISTICS & NUMERICAL METHODS

SRI VIDYA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY, VIRUDHUNAGAR QUESTION BANK

MA8452-STATISTICS & NUMERICAL METHODS