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Traverse Calculations PDF

This document outlines procedures for traverse calculations including: 1. Adjusting angles, determining bearings or azimuths, and calculating latitudes and departures. 2. Calculating rectangular coordinates using balanced latitudes and departures from a traverse. 3. Determining linear misclosure and precision, with an example precision of 1/2771.

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Rachel Du Preez
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107 views6 pages

Traverse Calculations PDF

This document outlines procedures for traverse calculations including: 1. Adjusting angles, determining bearings or azimuths, and calculating latitudes and departures. 2. Calculating rectangular coordinates using balanced latitudes and departures from a traverse. 3. Determining linear misclosure and precision, with an example precision of 1/2771.

Uploaded by

Rachel Du Preez
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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TRAVERSE CALCULATIONS

PROCEDURE FOR TRAVERSE CALCULATIONS

Adjust angles or directions


Determine bearings or azimuths
Calculate and adjust latitudes and departures
Calculate rectangular coordinates

BALANCING ANGLES OF CLOSED TRAVERSES

An example of a calculation involving interior angles is available.

ADJUSTING ANGLES

Adjustments applied to angles are independent of the size of the angle


Methods of adjustment:

Make larger corrections where mistakes were most likely


Apply an average correction to each angle
Or a combination

Never make an adjustment that is smaller than the measured accuracy

DETERMINING BEARINGS OR AZIMUTHS

Requires the direction of at least one line within the traverse to be known or assumed
For many purposes, an assumed direction is sufficient
A magnetic bearing of one of the lines may be measured and used as the reference for determining the
other directions
For boundary surveys, true directions are needed
LATITUDES AND DEPARTURES

The latitude of a line is its projection on the north-south meridian and is equal to the length of the line times
the cosine of its bearing
The departure of a line is its projection on the east-west meridian and is equal to the length of the line times
the sine of its bearing
The latitude is the y component of the line and the departure is the x component of the line

LATITUDES AND DEPARTURES

CLOSURE OF LATITUDES AND DEPARTURES

The algebraic sum of all latitudes must equal zero or the difference in latitude between the initial and final
control points
The algebraic sum of all departures must equal zero or the difference in departure between the initial and
final control points

CALCULATION OF LATITUDES AND DEPARTURES

Using bearings

Station Bearing Length Latitude Departure


A
N 26° 10'E 285.10 +255.88 +125.72
B
S 75° 25'E 610.45 -153.70 +590.78
C
S 15° 30'W 720.48 -694.28 -192.54
D
N 1° 42'W 203.00 +202.91 -6.02
E
N 53° 06'W 647.02 +388.48 -517.41
A
MISCLOSURE -0.71 +0.53

CALCULATION OF LATITUDES AND DEPARTURES


Using azimuths

Station Azimuth Length Latitude Departure


A
26° 10' 285.10 +255.88 +125.72
B
104° 35' 610.45 -153.70 +590.78
C
195° 30' 720.48 -694.28 -192.54
D
358° 18' 203.00 +202.91 -6.02
E
306° 54' 647.02 +388.48 -517.41
A
MISCLOSURE -0.71 +0.53

ADJUSTMENT OF LATITUDES AND DEPARTURES

Compass (Bowditch) Rule


ADJUSTMENT OF LATITUDES AND DEPARTURES

Station Azimuth Length Latitude Departure


A +0.08 -0.06
26° 10' 285.10 +255.88 +125.72
B +0.18 -0.13
104° 35' 610.45 -153.70 +590.78
C +0.21 -0.15
195° 30' 720.48 -694.28 -192.54
D +0.06 -0.05
358° 18' 203.00 +202.91 -6.02
E +0.18 -0.14
306° 54' 647.02 +388.48 -517.41
A
TOTALS 2466.05 -0.71 +0.53

ADJUSTMENT OF LATITUDES AND DEPARTURES

Balanced Balanced
Station Latitude Departure Latitude Departure
A +0.08 -0.06
+255.88 +125.72 +255.96 +125.66
B +0.18 -0.13
-153.70 +590.78 -153.52 +590.65
C +0.21 -0.15
-694.28 -192.54 -694.07 -192.69
D +0.06 -0.05
+202.91 -6.02 +202.97 -6.07
E +0.18 -0.14
+388.48 -517.41 +388.66 -517.55
A
TOTALS -0.71 +0.53 0.00 0.00

RECTANGULAR COORDINATES

Rectangular X and Y coordinates of any point give its position with respect to a reference coordinate
system
Useful for determining length and direction of lines, calculating areas, and locating points
You need one starting point on a traverse (which may be arbitrarily defined) to calculate the coordinates of
all other points
A large initial coordinate is often chosen to avoid negative values, making calculations easier.

CALCULATING X AND Y COORDINATES

Given the X and Y coordinates of any starting point A, the X and Y coordinates of the next point B are
determined by:

COORDINATES

Balanced Balanced
Station Latitude Departure Y-coord X-coord
A 10000.00 10000.00
+255.96 +125.66
B 10255.96 10125.66
-153.52 +590.65
C 10102.44 10716.31
-694.07 -192.69
D 9408.37 10523.62
+202.97 -6.07
E 9611.34 10517.55
+388.66 -517.55
A 10000.00 10000.00
TOTALS 0.00 0.00

LINEAR MISCLOSURE

The hypotenuse of a right triangle whose sides are the misclosure in latitude and the misclosure in departure.

TRAVERSE PRECISION
The precision of a traverse is expressed as the ratio of linear misclosure divided by the traverse perimeter
length.
expressed in reciprocal form
Example

0.89 / 2466.05 = 0.00036090


1 / 0.00036090 = 2770.8

Precision = 1/2771

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