(No Model.

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ry
axe Zer
 BEST AVAILABLE COP
UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.
NIKoLA. TESLA,
.. .
OF NEWCOMPANY,
YORK, N.Y., AsSIGNORT THE TESLA ELECTRIC
OF SAME PLACE.

DYNAMo-ELECTRIC MACHINE.
SPECIFICATION forming part of Iretters Patent No. 390,721, dated October 9, 1888.
. .. . " Application fied April 8, 1888 serial No. 272,153. (No model)
To all whom it may concern I shal describe this invention by reference .
Beit known that I, NIKOLATESLA, a sub to the diagram drawing hereto annexed.
ject of the Emperor of Austria, from Smiljan, The generator which supplies the current
Lika, border country of Austria-Hungary, now for operating the motors or transformers con- 55
5 residing atNewYork, in the county and State sists in this instance of a subdivided ring or ..
of New York, have invented certain new and annular core wound with four diametrically
aseful Improvements in Electric Generators, of oppositecoils, E.E. Within theringismounted
which the followingis a specification, reference a cylindrical armature-core wound longitudi
being had to the drawing accompanying and nally with two independent coils, F F, the 6o.
io forming a part of the same. ends of which lead, respectively, to two pairs of .
My present invention relates, chiefly, to the insulated contact or collecting rings, DDG G,
alternating-current system invented by me on the armature-shaft. Collecting-brushes d
and described in prior patents, notably Nos. digg bear upon these rings, respectively, and
381,968 and 382,280, of May 1, 1888, in which convey the currents through the two independ- 65
15 the motors or transformers, or generally the ent line-circuits M.M. In the main line there
converters, are operated by a progressive shift: may be included one or more motors or trans
ing or movement of their magnetic poles pro formers, or both. If motors be used, they are
duced by the co-operative action of independ constructed in accordance with my invention
ont magnetizing-coils through which pass al with independent coils or sets of coils JJ, in yo
ternating currents in proper order and direc cluded, respectively, in the circuits M. M.
tion. In my said, system, as I have heretofore These energizing-coils are wound on a ring or
shown, femployed a generator of alternating annular field or on pole-pieces thereon, and
currents in which there were independent in. produce by the action of the alternating cur- .
duced or generating coils corresponding to the rents passing through them a progressive 75
25 energizing-coils of the converter, and the re shifting of the magnetism from pole to pole.
lations of the generator and converters were The cylindrical armature H of the motor is
generally such that the speed of rotation of wound with two coils, at right angles, which
the magnetic poles of the converter equaled form independent closed circuits.
that of the armature of the generator. if transformers be employed, connect one 8o
To secure the greatest efficiency, it is neces set of the primary coils, as NN, wound on a
sary to run the machines at a high speed, and ring or annular core, to one circuit, as M', and
this is true not only of those generators and the other primary coils, N'N' to the circuit
motors which are particularly adapted for use M. The secondary coils K K may then be
in my system, but of others. The practica utilized for running groups of incandescent 85
35 bility of running at very high speeds, how lamps PP.
ever, particularly in the case of large genera With the generator I employ an exciter.
tors, is limited by mechanical conditions, in This consists of two poles, AA, of steel per
seeking to avoid which I have devised various manently magnetized, or of iron excited by a
plaus for operating the system under efficient. battery or other generator of continuous cur. 9o,
4o conditions, although running the generator at rents, and a cylindrical armature-core mounted . .
a comparatively low rate of speed. on a shaft, B, and wound with two longitudi.
My present invention consists of another
way of accomplishing this result, which in isnalconnected
coils, C.C. One end of each of these coils
to the collecting-rings bc, respect
certain respects presents many advantages. ively, while the other ends are both connected 95
45 According to the invention, in lieu of driving to a ring, a. Collecting-brushes b c bear on
the armature of the generator at a high rate the rings bc, respectively, and conductors
of speed, I produce a rotation of the nagnetic L convey the currents therefrom through theI,
poles of one element of the generator and drive
the other at a different speed, by which simi coils
mon
E and E of the generator. L is a com
return-wire to brush a'. Two independ too
so lar results are obtained to those secured by a ent circuits are thus formed, one including
rapid rotation of one of the elements, coils Gof the exciter and E E of the generator,
 2. 390,72
BEST AVAILABLE COP
the other coils C of the exciter and E E of at a rate of speed equal to the sum of the
the generator. It results from this that the
speeds of the armature and maguetic poles of
operation of the exciter produces a progressive
the generator, so that a comparatively low 7o
movement of the magnetic poles of the annuspeed of the generator-arnature will produce
lar field-core of the generator, the shifting or a high speed in the motor.
rotary movement of said poles being synch It will be observed in connection with this
ronous with the rotation of the exciter-arma. system that on. diminishing the resistance of
ture. Considering the operative conditions of the external circuit of the generator-armature 75
a system thus established, it will be found that
O when the exciter is driven so, as to energize by checking the speed of the motor orby add
'. . the field of the generator the armature of the ing translating devices in multiple ard in the
latter; if left free to turn, would rotate at asecondary circuit or circuits of the transformer
speed practically the same as that of the ex: the strength of the current in the armature
citer. If under such conditions the coils F. circuit is greatly increased. Thisis due to tro so
15 F of the generator-armature be closed upon causes: first, to the great differences in the
themselves or short-circuited, no currents, at. speeds of the motor and generator, and, sec
ondly,
least theoretically, will be generated in the the analogy to the fact that the apparatus follows
said armature-coils. In practice I have ob. tion of a transformer, for, in propor
as the resistance of the armature or sec- 85.
served the presence of slight currents, the ex. oridary circuits is reduced,
20 istence of which is attributable to more or less currents the strength of the
pronounced fluctuations in the intensity of the generatorinisthe field or primary circuits of the
increased and the currents in the
magnetic poles of the generatorring. So, if armature augmented correspondingly. For':
the armature-coils FF be closed through the similar reasons the currents in the armature
motor, the latter will not be turned as long as coils of the generator increase very rapidly.
the movement of the generator-armature is when the speed of the armature is reduced . . . .
synchronous with that of the exciter or of the when running in the same direction as - the is
magnetic poles of its field. If, on the cons magnetic poles or conversely.
trary, the speed of the generator armature be ...It will be understood from . . " the above de 95.
in any way checked, so that the shifting orro. scription that the generator-armature may be .
tation of the poles of the field becomes rela run in the direction of the shifting of the mag.
tively more rapid, currents will be induced in netic poles, but more rapidly, and that in such
the armature-coils. This obviously follows case the speed of the motor will be equal to .
from the passing of the lines of force across the difference between the two rates. . . . . . too
the arnature coaductors. The greater the In many applications to electrical conversion . .
35 speed of rotation of the magnetic poles rela and distribution this system possesses great
tively to that of the armature the more rap
idly the currents developed in the coils of the advantages
practicability.
both in economy, efficiency, and .
' " . .. . .
latter will follow one another, and the more What I claim is- . .. . . tos'
rapidly the motor will revolve. in response 1. The combination, with an alternating-cur
thereto, and this continties until the armature rent generator having independent energizing
generator is stopped etltirely, as by a brake, or
when the notor, if properly constructed, runs turefield and indepeident induced or arma
coils, of an alternating- current exciters
at the same speed with which the magnetic having generating or induced coils corré fre. .
poles of the generator rotate. sponding to and connected with the energizing
45 The effective strength of the currents devel coils of the generator, as set forth.
oped in-the arnature-coils of the generator is 2. In an alternating current generator, the .
dependeut upon the strength of the currents combination of the elements named and co
energizing the generator and upon the num
ber of rotations per unit of time of the mag operatively associated. in the following man rts
ner: a field-magnet wound with independent
so netic poies of the generator; hence the speed coils each connected with a source of alternat
of the notor-arinature will depend in all cases ing currents, whereby the magnetic poles pro
upon the relative speeds of the armature of duced by said
the generator and of its magnetic poles, . For shifted or movedcoils will be progressively
through the field, and an 12o
example, if the poles are turned two thousand arinature-core wound with independent coils,.
55 times per unit of time and the armature is each having terminals from which currents
turned eight hindred, thé motor will turn
twelve hundred times, or nearly so. Very areelivered
CS r
to the independent external cir-.
. . . .. .
slight differences of speed may be indicated by 3. The system of electrical distribution con
a delicately-balanced motor. sisting of the combination, with an alternat. I as
Let it now be assumed that power is applied ing current generator- having independent
to the generator-armature to turn it in a di. energizing-coils
rection opposite to that in which its magnetic independent induced and an artiniature wound with
póies rotate. In such case the result would current exciter having coilsinduced-coils
of an alternating
corre I 30
be similar to that produced by a generator the sponding to and connected with E.
armature and field-inagnets of which are ro coils of the generator, and one or more electri,
tated in opposite directions, and by reason of cal converters having independent inducing
these conditions the motor-armature will turn or energizing coils connected with the corre.
 390,72.
BEST AVAILABLE COP
sponding armature coils of the generator, as having induced or generating coils correspond
herein set forth. ing to and connected with the energizing-coils
4. The combination, with an alternating-cur- of the generator, as set forth.
rent generator having a field-magnet wound NIKOIA, TESLA.
5 with independent energizing - coils and an Witnesses:
armature adapted to be rotated within the RoBT. F. GAYLORD,
field produced by said magnet, of an exciter PARKER. W. PAGE.