Foreign Related Literature

 In a nutshell, sleep deprivation is caused by consistent lack of sleep or

reduced quality of sleep. Getting less than 7 hours of sleep on a regular

basis can eventually lead to health consequences that affect your entire

body. This may also be caused by an underlying sleep disorder. Your

body needs sleep, just as it needs air and food to function at its best.

During sleep, your body heals itself and restores its chemical balance.

Your brain forges new connections and helps memory retention. Without

enough sleep, your brain and body systems won’t function normally. It can

also dramatically lower your quality of life. A review in 2010, Trusted

Sources found that sleeping too little at night increases the risk of early

death. Stimulants, like caffeine, aren’t enough to override your body’s

profound need for sleep. In fact, these can make sleep deprivation worse

by making it harder to fall asleep at night. This, in turn, may lead to a cycle

of nighttime insomnia followed by daytime caffeine consumption to make

up for the lost hours of shut-eye. Behind the scenes, chronic sleep

deprivation can interfere with your body’s internal systems and cause

more than just the initial signs and symptoms listed above.

Source: https://www.healthline.com/health/sleep-deprivation/effects-on-body#4

 Sleep deprivation occurs when an individual gets less sleep than they

need to feel awake and alert. People vary in how little sleep is needed to
 be considered sleep-deprived. Some people such as older adults seem to

be more resistant to the effects of sleep deprivation, while others,

especially children and young adults, are more vulnerable. Although

occasional sleep interruptions are generally no more than a nuisance,

ongoing lack of sleep can lead to excessive daytime sleepiness, emotional

difficulties, poor job performance, obesity and a lowered perception of

quality of life. There is no questioning the importance of restorative sleep,

and a certain amount of attention is necessary to both manage and

prevent sleep deprivation. Sleep deprivation weakens the ability of the

part of the brain that handles reasoning, known as the prefrontal cortex, to

control the emotional part, the amygdala. This leads to the abnormal

processing of emotions.

Source: https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/307334.php

 Sleep deprivation is a general term to describe a state caused by

inadequate quantity or quality of sleep, including voluntary or involuntary

sleeplessness and circadian rhythm sleep disorders.

Sleep is as important to the human body as food and water, but many of

us don’t get enough sleep. Insufficient sleep, inadequate quality of sleep

or disruptions to the sleep-wake cycle (such as those that occur with shift

work or travelling to a different time zone) have consequences for how we

function in the daytime, causing sleepiness and fatigue. 

A sleepy fatigued person is accident prone, judgement impaired and more

leads to a reduced hand-to-eye coordination that is similar to having a

blood alcohol content of 0.1. This is why sleep deprivation contributes to

road accidents and work injuries. 

Lack of sleep can also affect a child’s school performance and could be

linked to increased risk of emotional problems such as depression.

Source: healthysleep.med.harvard.edu/healthy/matters/consequences

 Sleep deprivation affects children in different ways to adults. Sleepy

children tend to ‘speed up’ rather than slow down. Symptoms include:

Moodiness and irritability, Temper tantrums, The tendency to emotionally

‘explode’ at the slightest provocation, Over-activity and hyperactive

behavior, Daytime naps, Grogginess when they wake up in the morning,

Reluctance to get out of bed in the morning.

Selected statistics from research studies into sleep loss and its effects on

children and teenagers include: Sleep loss causes a range of schooling

problems, including naughtiness and poor concentration. Chronically

sleep-deprived teenagers are more likely to have problems with impulse

control, which leads to risk-taking behavior’s. Sleep problems in teenagers

are associated with increased risk of disorders such as depression and

attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). High school students who

regularly score C, D or F in school tests and assignments get, on average,

get A and B grades. Later start times at school result in reduced daytime

sleepiness, higher grades and reduced negative feelings.

Source: https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/sleep-

deprivation

 Many studies make it clear that sleep deprivation is dangerous. Sleep-

deprived people who are tested by using a driving simulator or by performing

a hand-eye coordination task perform as badly as or worse than those who

are intoxicated. Sleep deprivation also magnifies alcohol's effects on the

body, so a fatigued person who drinks will become much more impaired than

someone who is well rested. Driver fatigue was responsible for an estimated

83,000 motor vehicle accidents between 2005 and 2009 and 803 deaths in

2016, according to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration.

Source: https://www.webmd.com/sleep-disorders/guide/sleep-requirements#1

Local Related Literature

 Manila, Philippines – According to the 2016 Healthy Living Index Survey,

Filipinos have one of the highest rates of sleep deprivation in Asia; 46% of

Filipinos do not get enough sleep while 32% said they sleep for less than

six hours. This mirrors a lifestyle challenge that urbanites worldwide are

grappling with. In the 2017 Philips’ Unfiltered Sleep: A Global Prioritization

Puzzle, an international survey which looked at how people across the

(84%) say that a variety of activities take precedence over a good night’s

sleep. Beyond lifestyle habits, one of the most common causes of poor

sleep quality is Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA), a condition that disrupts

the sleep cycle and affects one’s energy, intellectual performance and

long-term health. Due to collapsed airways, a patient with OSA stops

breathing repeatedly thereby disrupting sleep. The disorder often goes

undiagnosed due to the lack of awareness both on the part of the patients

as well as primary care physicians. Untreated OSA in the long-run can

result in life-threatening conditions such as cardiovascular diseases; type

2 diabetes, abnormal heart rhythms, high blood pressure and even stroke.

Source: https://www.philips.com.ph/a-

w/about/news/archive/standard/news/press/2017/philips-raises-awareness-of-

obstructive-sleep-apnea-in-the-philippines.html

 One major phenomenon that has been gradually eroding the health of the

Philippines is lack of sleep. From the effects of unbearable traffic to the

explosion of the business process outsourcing industry to the geometric

rise of Internet usage nationwide, millions of Filipinos are choosing to

sleep less and less, with dangerous effects. We seem to think that staying

awake to finish work is the lesser evil. It isn’t. It is a danger we have to

address, and soon. What does sleep really do for us? Aside from allowing

the body to rest, sufficient, quality sleep allows our minds to refresh, and

facilitates the transfer of short-term to long-term memory. Proper sleep

day, particularly in complicated tasks like mathematics. Decision-making

and emotional stability are also affected by the right amount of good sleep.

A team of scientists at the University of Rochester recently discovered that

during sleep, the brain purges itself, flushing out its own chemical waste

through a hidden network of channels that resemble a plumbing system.

These pipes simulate opening up during sleep. In addition, researchers

think that this cleansing process uses up a lot of energy, which may

explain why the brain waits until bedtime to take out its own trash. Also,

your body saves the energy it uses to see while you are sleeping, which

possibly adds needed fuel to this process. The American Academy of

Sleep Medicine also revealed that growth hormone is released in children

while they are asleep. Of course, there is still some debate as to which is

the optimum time to sleep, some suggest 10 p.m to 2 a.m., others say

midnight to 6 a.m. is the best.

Source: https://www.philstar.com/opinion/2015/09/25/1504100/sleep-

deprived-nation#UACtqimjibQaQ8uZ.99

 The advice on sleeping is not just for work and studying but also for our

personal lives. There are studies showing that people in a troubled

marriage are less likely to solve their problems if the couple are chronically

lacking sleep (in a vicious cycle, because of the marriage problems). The

lack of sleep means poorer brain function so arguments become pointless,

parents tend to nag their children when they have a hard time waking up

in the morning, but that’s the worst time for the sermons. You need to time

the counselling to times when they are more alert and to work together to

find ways to cut back on sleeplessness. Now to the basic advice. The

most crucial is preparing the bedroom for a good night’s sleep by dimming

the lights, and this includes the sleep-disrupting blue light of television,

cellphones and tablets. Conversely, when you wake up, help to jog your

body into wakefulness by allowing bright lights, especially sunlight, to

stream into the room. One piece of advice that I find especially useful is

this: don’t sleep in on weekends and holidays. The temptation is to just

sleep through Sunday morning but this actually disrupts your circadian

rhythm and you get into problems on Monday, and maybe the rest of the

week. If you’ve been truly sleep-deprived for several days, your body will

“collect” on the sleep debt and get you sleeping for a bit longer, but only a

bit, and in one “dose”.

Source: https://opinion.inquirer.net/107978/sleep-deprived 2#ixzz5rHBDAQIo 

 Consider downloading sleep-tracking apps or investing in gadgets that can

monitor your sleeping patterns and guide you on how to improve your

sleep. We’ve recently tested out Fitbit’s Versa Lite, a fitness tracker which

comes with a sleep monitoring feature.

body goes through as you sleep (including how much time you spend in

each stage): Light sleep (Stage 1 and 2) - This is the time when you’ve

actually just fallen asleep, and it is also when you can still easily be woken

up by your surroundings. This stage is good for memory and learning.

Deep sleep (Stage 3) - This is the time when your body relaxes and

recovers (especially from workouts). The deeper sleep you get, the more

energized and refreshed you feel the next day. REM sleep - This is a vital

stage of sleeping as it helps with your mental restoration. It’s also the time

when you’re vividly dreaming.

Source: https://www.entrepreneur.com.ph/run-and-grow/sleep-deprivation-makes-

you-feel-lonely-sa00189-20190527-src-fn?ref=feed_1

 To increase the rate of diagnosis, Philips, the global leader in sleep and

respiratory solutions, together with the Sleep Society of Philippines and

Centuria Medical Makati, Philippines’ First Medical Mall hosted the Sleep

Apnea Forum to educate healthcare professionals in the diagnosis and

treatment of OSA.

More than 50 doctors and healthcare professionals attended educational

lectures at the Forum to augment their knowledge in the diagnosis of

OSA. Following which, Philips also shared its latest treatment solutions for

sleep apnea, such as oxygen therapy, non-invasive ventilation and

respiratory drug delivery. To help patients better monitor their condition to

innovative solutions including DreamStation and Dreamwear.

“Lifestyle habits aside, the incidence of sleep deprivation in the Philippines

is escalating with the misdiagnosis of Obstructive Sleep Apnea. By

educating healthcare professionals at the Sleep Apnea Forum, we aim to

enhance the diagnosis and treatment of Obstructive Sleep Apnea in the

country,” said Urasinee Patasongkram, Country Manager, Philips

Philippines Inc. “With Philips’ DreamStation and DreamWear solutions, we

are confident of achieving better treatment outcome and enhancing patient

adoption by empowering them to monitor and manage their respiratory

condition independently,” he added.

The easy-to-navigate menu, compact design and quiet operation of the

DreamStation makes it simple for physicians and patients to customize

sleep apnea therapy.

 The open-face design of DreamWear provides superb comfort, freedom

to move and the ability to choose the most comfortable sleep position.

Source:
https://www.fwd.com.ph/en/live/all_topics/all_articles/sleep-loss-effect/

What is the Impact of your RRL through your Research?

- Through this RRL it gives a more in-depth understanding of the topic and it helps

or guides the researcher in searching for or selecting a better research problem.

1. This study aims to evaluate the Effects of being sleep deprived on Grade 12

STEM Students on their individual Academic Performance.

2. To determine the results of being Sleep Deprived and not being Sleep Deprived

3. To distinguish the Performance of a Sleep Deprived Student

4. To evaluate the attitude of the Student being Sleep Deprived towards School.

The Scope and Delimitation

This Study mainly focuses only on Grade 12 STEM Students on Agusan del Sur

National High School. The researchers aim to claim results or to hypothesize results on

the said study to further improve awareness on Students.

Beneficiaries

1. The Students themselves.

2. The Parents

3. The Teachers

4. And lastly, the classmates.

Title

The Effects of Sleep Deprivation on the Academic Performance of Grade 12 Stem

Students in Agusan del Sur National High School