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ITE 6220 Lessons

The document discusses the differences between data and information, with data being raw facts and information being processed data. It also outlines the characteristics of valuable information and defines key terms related to information systems like systems, subsystems, and system models. The document then discusses information systems processes, components of computer-based information systems, database approaches, and data modeling. It also outlines several types of information systems and their uses in different business functions and industries.

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153 views6 pages

ITE 6220 Lessons

The document discusses the differences between data and information, with data being raw facts and information being processed data. It also outlines the characteristics of valuable information and defines key terms related to information systems like systems, subsystems, and system models. The document then discusses information systems processes, components of computer-based information systems, database approaches, and data modeling. It also outlines several types of information systems and their uses in different business functions and industries.

Uploaded by

Rochie Roasa
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ITE 6220 Lesson 1: Data VS Information

Data

Consists of raw facts; collection of facts organized in such a way that they have additional value
beyond the facts themselves

Information – processed data

Characteristics of Valuable Information

1. Accurate – the information is error free


2. Complete – the information contains all important facts
3. Economical – the information can be produced
4. Flexible – can be used for variety of purposes
5. Reliable – information can be dependent on
6. Relevant – information is important to the decision maker
7. Timely – information is delivered when needed
8. Verifiable – you can check to make sure it is correct

The Value of Information – it helps decision makers organize its goals

System – is a set of elements or components that interact to accomplish a goal

System boundary – defines the system and distinguishes it from everything else

Subsystem – system within a system

Configuration – the way in which system elements are organized

Classifications of System

 Simple vs Complex
Simple – one which has few elements and has uncomplicated relationship
Complex – has many elements that are highly related.
 Open vs Close
Open – interacts with its environment
Close – does not interact with its environment
 Stable vs Dynamic
Stable – one in which changed in the environment result little or no changes in the system
Dynamic – one that undergoes rapid and constant change due to its environment
 Adaptive vs Non-Adaptive
Adaptive – respond to a changing environment
Non-adaptive – does not change with a changing environment
 Permanent vs Temporary
Permanent – one that will exist for a long time
Temporary – one that will not be in existence for a long time

System Model – an abstract or approximation that is used to simulate reality

Types of Models

 Narrative Model – based on words


 Physical Model – tangible representation of reality
 Schematic Model – graphical representation of reality
 Mathematical Model – arithmetic representation of reality

ITE 6220 Lesson 2: Information System

Set of integrated elements or components that collect, manipulate and, store and disseminate
data and information and provide feedback mechanism

Information System Processes

Input – the activity of capturing and gathering data

Process – involve converting data to useful output

Output – process useful information

Feedback – used to make adjustment on output

CBIS (Computer Based Information System)

Composed of hardware, software, people, database and telecommunication that are configured
to collect, manipulate, store and process data and information

Components of CBIS

1. Hardware – consist of computer equipment used to perform input and processing to output
activities
2. Software – consist of computer programs and instruction given to computer and user
3. People – is the most important element; it includes personnel who manage, run program, and
maintain the computer system
4. Database – organized collection of facts and information
5. Telecommunication – allows organizations to link computer and user
6. Procedure – include strategies, methods, and rules that humans use to operate CBIS

The Database Approach to Data Management

It is one in which a pool of related data shared by multiple application programs

Advantages of Database Approach

1. Reduced data redundancy


2. Improved data integrity
3. Easier modification and updating
4. Data and program independence
5. Better access to data and information
6. Standardization of data access
7. A framework for better development
8. Better overall protection of data
9. Shared data and information resources

Disadvantage of Database Approach

1. Relatively high cost of purchasing and operating a DBMS in a mainframe


2. Specialized staff
3. Increased vulnerability

Organized Data in a Database

When building a database, careful considerations must be given to these questions:

1. Content: What data are to be collected and at what cost?


2. Access: What data are to be provided to which users when appropriate?
3. Logical Structure: How are data to be arranged so that it makes sense to user?
4. Physical Organization: Where is the data to be physically located?

Data Modelling and Entity-Relationship Diagram

2 Types of Design:

1. Logical Design – shows an abstract model of how the database should be constructed and
arranged to meet an organization’s need
2. Physical Design – a model of how the data will be organized and located within the database
Data Model – a map or diagram of entities and their relationship

IS Function Area of Business

1. Finance and Accounting


 Are used to:
 Forecast revenues and business activity
 Determine the best sources and uses of funds
 Manage cash and other financial resources
 Analyze investment
 Perform audits to make sure the organization is financially sound and that all financial
reports and documents are accurate
2. Marketing
 Product analysis is used to develop new goal and services
 Place site analyze determine the best location per production and distribution
 Promotion determine the best advertising and sale approach
 Prize analyze set the product price to get highest total venues
3. Manufacturing
 Process customer orders
 Develop production schedule
 Control inventory levels
 Monitor product quality
4. CAD – (computer aided design)
Is used to design products
CAM – (computer aided manufacturing)
For manufactured item
CIM – (computer integrated manufacturing)
Multiple machine or pieces of equipment
5. Information system is also used in human resources to screen applicants, administer
performance test to monitor employee productivity and more

Types of System

1. Transaction Processing System (TPS)


Represent the application of information concepts and technology to routine and
business transactions
2. Management Information System (MIS)
Began to develop in 1980’s and are characterized by the use of information system to
produce managerial reports
3. Decision Support System (DSS)
Supports and assists all aspects of problem specific decision making
4. Artificial Intelligence and Expert System
AI – is a computer system that takes the characteristics of human intelligence
ES – an information system that can make suggestion and reach conclusion in as much
the same way that a human expert can

Computer literacy – knowledge of computer system and equipment and how they function; it stresses
equipment and devices, program and instruction, database and telecommunication

Information System Literacy – knowledge of how data and information are used by individual and
organizations

Benefits and Uses of IS

1. Added value to products (goods and services)


2. Better safety
3. Better service
4. Competitive advantage
5. Fewer errors
6. Greater accuracy
7. Higher quality products
8. Improve health care
9. Improve communication
10. Increased efficiency
11. Increased productivity
12. More efficiency administration
13. More opportunities
14. Reduce labour requirements
15. Reduce costs
16. Superior financial decision making
17. Superior control over operations
18. Superior managerial decision making

IS in Industry

1. Airline industry – used to make seat reservation, determine the best air fares and schedule
2. Investment firms – uses IS to analyze stock bonds, options in the future market and other
financial instrument
3. Banks and saving loans companies – uses IS to make good investments
4. Transportation industry – uses IS to schedule trucks and train to live goods and services
5. Publishing industry
6. Health companies – uses IS to diagnose health and illnesses and medical treatment
7. Retail companies – uses IS to monitor customer needs and to produce high product
8. Power management and utility companies – uses IS to monitor and control power generator
usage
IS Careers

1. Computer programmers
2. System analysts
3. Computer operator
4. Other IS personnel

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