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RalphChristie How Calculate Zigzag Transformer

The document discusses guidelines for sizing generator grounding transformers. It explains that the first step is to decide how much ground fault current is allowed and whether the system will be solidly grounded or resistance grounded. Key specifications for the transformer include the desired impedance in ohms, maximum short circuit current, and short circuit current duration. Conventional delta-wye transformers can also be used as grounding transformers. Zig-zag transformers are special order. The document provides a formula and constant K values for sizing a zig-zag grounding bank based on phase to ground voltage, fault current, and required relay operation time.

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552 views1 page

RalphChristie How Calculate Zigzag Transformer

The document discusses guidelines for sizing generator grounding transformers. It explains that the first step is to decide how much ground fault current is allowed and whether the system will be solidly grounded or resistance grounded. Key specifications for the transformer include the desired impedance in ohms, maximum short circuit current, and short circuit current duration. Conventional delta-wye transformers can also be used as grounding transformers. Zig-zag transformers are special order. The document provides a formula and constant K values for sizing a zig-zag grounding bank based on phase to ground voltage, fault current, and required relay operation time.

Uploaded by

mohammadkassar
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© © All Rights Reserved
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RalphChristie (Electrical) 6 Dec 07 9:25

I am not really familiar with generators or with generator-grounding, but I suppose it might use the same
guidelines as applying a zig-zag transformer to a Power transformer.

The first step is to decide how much ground fault current you want to allow.
If you plan to solidy ground the transformer, you will need to specify the grounding transformer
impedance (normally given in **ohms** for grounding transformers)as well as how long the transformer
must be able to handle this (normally 10 seconds). For a solidly-grounded system, the grounding
transformer impedance largely determines the ground fault current.

If you want to resistance-ground the system, then you will need to specify the maximum fault current
along with the duration.

The primary determination of transformer size will be the short-circuit current it has to produce and the
duration. You do not need to specify a kVA rating. Transformer manufacturer needs to know:

Operating voltage/BIL
Desired impedance in ohms
Maximum short circuit current
Short circuit current duration
Maximum continuous current

At the risk of running this thought into the ground, keep in mind that a conventional delta-wye
transformer can also be used as a grounding transformer. Zig-zag transformers are sometimes
somewhat hard to find, virtually no one builds these any longer. It will be a special "one of" order and
you will have trouble getting quotes. One clarification — a conventional "grounded"-wye/delta
transformer can be used but often rated for shorter-than-continuous duty if it can be reasonably assure
that relaying will operate to isolate the faulted circuit. For resistance grounding, the MV resistor can be
placed at the grounding-transformer wye point. The delta winding can be left floating, and one CT in the
loop used as a polarizing quantity.

This information is taken form the Westinghouse "Electrical Transmission and Distribution Reference
Book" published in 1964:

A zig-zag grounding bank is typically used to provide a source of fault current so a phase to ground fault
on a delta system can be detected and interrupted. The bank is sized based on the neutral current and
the phase to ground voltage multiplied by a constant "K" which is determined by the length of time
required for the relay to open the breaker. The phase to neutral voltage on a 12 kV system is 7.2kV
(12/1.732). Assuming the phase to ground fault current to be the 4000 amps the three phase kva rating
of the zig-zag bank is determined as follows:

(7.2)(4000)(K) = kVA

K is determined from the following table:


time K
10 sec 0.064
1 min 0.104
2 min 0.139
3 min 0.170
4 min 0.196
5 min 0.220
 

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