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Particion Punjabis

The partition of British India in 1947 led to the partition of the province of Punjab along religious lines, dividing it between India and the newly created Pakistan. This caused massive violence and the largest mass migration in history, with up to 14 million Hindus, Sikhs, and Muslims displaced. West Punjab became part of Pakistan and was largely cleansed of its Hindu and Sikh populations, while East Punjab and Delhi saw the departure of most Muslims to Pakistan. Today, Punjabis constitute the largest ethnic groups in both India and Pakistan, residing predominantly in the Punjab regions of both countries.

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40 views2 pages

Particion Punjabis

The partition of British India in 1947 led to the partition of the province of Punjab along religious lines, dividing it between India and the newly created Pakistan. This caused massive violence and the largest mass migration in history, with up to 14 million Hindus, Sikhs, and Muslims displaced. West Punjab became part of Pakistan and was largely cleansed of its Hindu and Sikh populations, while East Punjab and Delhi saw the departure of most Muslims to Pakistan. Today, Punjabis constitute the largest ethnic groups in both India and Pakistan, residing predominantly in the Punjab regions of both countries.

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Partition of Punjab[edit]

The Punjab region, with its rivers

The 1947 independence of India and Pakistan, and the subsequent partition of Punjab, is considered
by historians to be the beginning of the end of the British Empire. [45] The UNHCR estimates 14 million
Hindus, Sikhs and Muslims were displaced during the partition.[46] To date, this is considered the
largest mass migration in human history.[47]
Until 1947, the province of Punjab was ruled by a coalition comprising the Indian National Congress,
the Sikh-led Shiromani Akali Dal and the Unionist Muslim League. However, the growth of Muslim
nationalism led to the All India Muslim League becoming the dominant party in the 1946 elections.
As Muslim separatism increased, the opposition from Punjabi Hindus and Sikhs increased
substantially. Communal violence on the eve of Indian independence led to the dismissal of the
coalition government, although the succeeding League ministry was unable to form a majority. Along
with the province of Bengal, Punjab was partitioned on religious lines – the Muslim-majority West
becoming part of the new Muslim state of Pakistan, and the Hindu and Sikh East remaining in India.
Partition was accompanied by massive violence on both sides, claiming the lives of hundreds of
thousands of people.[48] West Punjab was virtually cleansed of its Hindu and Sikh populations, who
were forced to leave for India, while East Punjab and Delhi were virtually cleansed of their Muslim
population.
By the 1960s, Indian Punjab underwent reorganisation as demands for a linguistic Punjabi state
increased (in line with the policy of linguistic states that had been applied in the rest of India). The
Hindi-speaking areas were formed into the states of Himachal Pradesh and Haryana respectively,
leaving a Punjabi speaking majority in the state of Punjab. In the 1980s, Sikh separatism combined
with popular anger against the Indian Army's counter-insurgency operations (especially Operation
Bluestar) led to violence and disorder in Indian Punjab, which only subsided in the 1990s. Political
power in Indian Punjab is contested between the secular Congress Party and the Sikh religious party
Akali Dal and its allies, the Bharatiya Janata Party. Indian Punjab remains one of the most
prosperous of India's states and is considered the "breadbasket of India."
Subsequent to partition, West Punjabis made up a majority of the Pakistani population, and the
Punjab province constituted 40% of Pakistan's total land mass. Today Punjabis continue to be the
largest ethnic group in Pakistan, accounting for half of the country's population. They reside
predominantly in the province of Punjab, neighboring Azad Kashmir and in Islamabad Capital
Territory. Punjabis are also found in large communities in the largest city of Pakistan, Karachi,
located in the Sindh province.
Punjabis in India can be found in the states of Punjab, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Delhi and
the Union Territory of Chandigarh. Large communities of Punjabis are also found in
the Jammu region of Jammu and Kashmir and in Rajasthan, Uttarakhand and Uttar Pradesh.

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