Volume 5, Issue 4, April – 2020 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology

ISSN No:-2456-2165

Knowledge Regarding Birth Spacing Methods of

Contraception among Postnatal Mothers in
PGIMS, Rohtak, Haryana
Kumari Sunita1 Rani Reena2 Rani Deepika3
Professor M. Sc. Nursing Students M. Sc. Nursing Students
Obstetrics and Gynaecological Obstetrics and Gynaecological Obstetrics and Gynaecological
Nursing Nursing Nursing
College Of Nursing, PGIMS College Of Nursing, PGIMS College Of Nursing, PGIMS
Rohtak, HARYANA Rohtak, HARYANA Rohtak, HARYANA

Abstract:- A small family norm reduces the risk of and the beginning of the next pregnancy. Limited numbers
maternal morbidity as well as fetal and neonatal of births are always safe to have small norm.2 Spacing of
mortality. Spacing children give the child healthier start children is an essential factor in the protection of health of
in life and the mother enough time for her body to the mother and children. Spacing methods of contraception
recover from the maternal deprivation resulting from are very important to avoid unwanted births. To regulate
the previous pregnancy. In this study a quantitative the interval between pregnancies, to determine the number
approaches and non-experimental research design was of children in the family, and it will help in order to
used to collect data from 50 postnatal mothers. Non promote the health and welfare of family effectively to the
probability convenience sampling technique was used. social and economical development of a country.3
The study findings showed that obtained mean
knowledge score was 16.08 with standard deviation of Contraception is as old as mankind. Spacing birth at
10.01. There was significant association of knowledge least two years apart can save the lives of millions of
with selected socio-demographic variables such as infants. Improving reproductive health is central to
education of mother, family income. The study also achieving the Millennium Goals on improving maternal
concluded that 4% of postnatal mothers had adequate health, reducing maternal mortality, infant mortality and
knowledge regarding birth spacing methods of eradicating extreme poverty.4 This requires that women
contraception. There still exists some misconceptions have access to safe and effective methods of fertility
among the postnatal mothers regarding birth spacing control. The promotion of family planning can avoid
methods of contraception. unwanted pregnancy and improve maternal health and
becomes the core in achieving the Millennium
Keywords:- Knowledge, Birth Spacing Methods of Development Goals.5 Contraception is the boon for the
Contraception, Postnatal Mothers. present world if used at the right time. The developed
countries the awareness and the use of contraceptive
I. INTRODUCTION methods among population have researched satisfactory
heights, where as in developing countries the rises has to
“A way of thinking and living that is adopted still gain pace.6 In India a baby is born every 1.25 seconds.
voluntarily by every living creature on the basis of Couple protection rate is still only 41%. About 70-80% of
knowledge, attitudes and the ability to make decision by the pregnancies in India are unplanned and 25% are
individuals and couples in order to promote the health and unwanted. Every year 11 Million abortion take place and
welfare of the family group and thus contribute effectively half of these are unsafe and association with a high
to the social development of a country.” (World Health mortality and morbidity rate. 7 Around 20,000 women are
Organization) dying annually due to abortion related complication.
Contraceptives methods are by definition preventive
1
The spacing methods of contraception designed to methods to avoid unwanted pregnancies.8 The ideal
prevent pregnancy due to the coital act. Ideal spacing Contraceptive is defined as one which is free from side
methods should fulfil the following criteria, widely effects, safe, reversible, easily available and cheap. The
acceptable, inexpensive, simple to use, safe, highly Contraceptive methods may divided into spacing methods
effective and requiring minimal maintenance e.g. Condom, and terminal. 9
Copper-T, Mala-N, Depo medroxy progesterone acetate
(DMPA) and Norplant method.1 Spacing methods of Contraception means preventing the union of sperm
contraception emphasizes on attitudinal change on and ovum, suppressing ovulation and interfering with
informed knowledge, decisions regarding family size, implantation of fertilized ovum the uterus. The temporary
timing and spacing of wanted children. This implies commonly used methods are condom, Mala –N,
creating awareness and motivation of antenatal mothers Intrauterine devices. Contraceptives can be categorized into
about spacing methods of contraception, it is advisable to Temporary.10
have an interval of 2-3 years between the last confinement

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Volume 5, Issue 4, April – 2020 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
A. Purpose of the Study II. METHODOLOGY
The purpose of the study was to assess the knowledge
of postnatal mothers regarding birth spacing method of A. Research Approach
contraceptives and to give health education to improve the A Quantitative approach was used to assess the
knowledge of postnatal mothers. knowledge of postnatal mothers.

B. Objective B. Research Design

 To assess the knowledge regarding birth spacing Non- experimental research design with one shot test
methods of contraception among postnatal mothers. design was used to assess postnatal mothers who were
 To find out the association between knowledge admitted in PGIMS, ROHTAK, HARYANA.
regarding birth spacing methods of contraception
among postnatal mothers with their selected socio C. Variables
demographic variables.  Dependent variables: knowledge score of postnatal
mothers.
C. Hypothesis  Independent variables: health education
H1- There will be significant association between  Demographic variables: Age, occupation of mother,
knowledge scores of postnatal mothers regarding birth Education of mother, monthly income, Type of family,
spacing methods of contraception. Duration of married life, Education of husband,
H2- There will be significant association between the occupation of husband
knowledge scores of postnatal mothers regarding birth
spacing methods of contraception with their selected socio D. Research Setting
demographic variables. The study was conducted in PGIMS, Rohtak,
HARYANA among postnatal mothers.
D. Operational Definition
 Assess:- In this study assess refers to a statistical E. Population
measurement of knowledge of postnatal mothers The population includes in this were who deliver a
regarding birth spacing methods of contraception child in PGIMS, Rohtak, Haryana.
 Knowledge:- In this study knowledge refers to correct
responses of postnatal mothers to the knowledge items  Target population : in this study target population is
regarding birth spacing methods of contraception. postnatal mothers who were admitted in postnatal ward
 Birth spacing Methods:- In this study birth spacing in PGIMS, Rohtak,Haryana.
methods refer to family planning methods which are  Accessible population: in this study accessible
commonly used to postpone or to space births. population is postnatal mothers who were admitted in
 Contraception:- In this study contraception refers to PGIMS,Rohtak, Haryana.
birth spacing methods of family planning, designed to
prevent pregnancy due to the coital act. F. Sample
 Postnatal mothers:- In this study, postnatal mothers This study includes 50 postnatal mothers who were
are the women who has given birth and admitted in admitted in postnatal ward in PGIMS, Rohtak, Haryna.
maternity wards .
G. Sample Size
E. Delimitations In the present study there were 50 postnatal mothers
The study is delimited to: who fulfilled the study criteria
 The postnatal mothers who admitted in postnatal ward
in PGIMS, Rohtak, HARYANA. H. Sampling Technique
 Mothers who can speak and understand Hindi and Data were collected by non-probability convenient
English. sampling technique.
 Mothers who wants to participate in the study.
I. Description of Tool
F. Conceptual Framework Of The Study The following tools were used in order to obtain the
A conceptual framework is a group of concepts, and a data:
set a set of propositions that spell out the relationship
between them. Conceptual framework plays several Section A- This section was comprised of
interrelated roles in the progress of sciences. Their overall demographic variables, it includes eight (8) questions to
roles, purpose is to make scientific findings meaningful and collect the background data of the study. The items are
generalizable (Christenson J Panula). sample Age, occupation of mother, Education of mother,
monthly income, Type of family, Duration of married life,
Pretest Health Education By Using A.V.Aids Education of husband, occupation of husband.

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Volume 5, Issue 4, April – 2020 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
Section B- Structured questionnaire regarding incorrect response was “Zero”. Thus foe 40 items
knowledge. maximum obtainable scores 40 and minimum was zero. To
find out the association with the selected demographic
It consist of 40 multiple choice questions to assess variables and knowledge score, respondents are categorized
knowledge of postnatal. Mothers on birth spacing method. into three groups:
 Inadequate knowledge 0-15
Scoring Procedure: This section consisted 40 items.  Moderate knowledge 16-27
Each item has 4 options with one accurate answer. The  Adequate knowledge 28-40
score for correct response to each item was “one” and

III. RESULT

Table 1:- Distribution of postnatal mothers according to knowledge score categorization N=50

Fig 1:- showing percentage distribution of samples according to the knowledge score categorization. 4% postnatal mothers were
adequate knowledge, 28% of postnatal mother were having the moderate knowledge, 68% of postnatal mother were having the
inadequate knowledge regarding birth spacing methods of contraception.

Fig 2:- showing mean(16.8) and standard deviation(10.1) of knowledge score of postnatal mothers.

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Volume 5, Issue 4, April – 2020 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
Sample characteristics Frequency Inadequate Moderate Adequate Chi P- Df Result
value value
Age
a) less than 19 years 0 0 0 0 0.480 1.00 2 NS
a) 19-35 years 38 25 11 2
b) 36-45 years 12 9 3 0
c) Above 45 years 0 0 0 0
Occupation NS
a) Government job 1 0 0 1
b) Private 21 15 6 0 1.01 1.0 6
c) Self employed 5 4 1 0
d) House wife 23 15 7 1
Education of mother
a) Metric 20 14 6 0 S
b) Higher Secondary 7 6 1 0 10.653 0.042 4
c) Graduate 8 2 4 2
d) Illiterate 15 12 3 0
Monthly family income
a) 5000-10000 22 15 5 2
b) 11000-15000 21 17 4 0 8.424 0.038 4 S
c) 16000-20000 2 2 0 0
d) 21000 & above 5 0 5 0

Type of family
a) Nuclear 18 11 6 1
b) Joint 28 21 7 0 5.468 0.202 6 NS
c) Extended 6 2 1 1
Duration of married life
a) <1 Years 12 9 3 0
b) 1-3 Year 9 8 0 1 7.204 0.220 4 NS
c) 3-5 Years 20 11 8 1
d) 5 Years & above 9 6 3 0
Education of husband
a) Metric 23 17 5 1
b) Higher secondary 10 6 4 0 3.8 0.7 6 NS
c) Graduate 10 7 3 0
d) Illiterate 7 4 2 1

Occupation of the husband

a) Laborer 27 17 8 2
b) Private Employee 7 6 1 0 3.4 0.4 4 NS
c) Govt. Employee 3 2 1 0
d) Self employee 13 8 5 0

Table 2:- Distribution of postnatal mothers based on association between knowledge and socio-demographic variables.

The mean value of test knowledge score was 16.8 and Hence there will be partial significant relation
the standard deviation was 10.01. The chi square test is between selected demographic variables and knowledge of
used to determine the association between the knowledge postnatal mothers regarding birth spacing methods of
and the selected demographic variables. Education of contraception.
mother, family Income were found to be associated with
the Knowledge of postnatal mothers. There was no IV. CONCLUSION
association between Age, Type of family, Duration of
married life, Occupation of mother, Occupation of husband, The study were concludes that their were inadequate
education of husband regarding birth spacing methods of knowledge of postnatal mothers regarding birth spacing
contraception. method of contraceptives which improve by health
education.

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Volume 5, Issue 4, April – 2020 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
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