Scribd
Upload
94 views26 pages

Lec11-Microseismic CUG

The document discusses microseismic monitoring of hydraulic fracturing in shale reservoirs. It explains that microseismic events are generated from changes in stress or pressure underground, and geophones can detect these events to map fracture growth. Microseismic monitoring allows operators to optimize stimulation treatments, well spacing and completion design to improve production and reduce costs and risks. Case studies of microseismic monitoring in Montney shale show how the data can reveal fracture geometry, stress variations, and interaction with natural fractures.

Uploaded by

Mbarouk Shaame Mbarouk
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
94 views26 pages

Lec11-Microseismic CUG

The document discusses microseismic monitoring of hydraulic fracturing in shale reservoirs. It explains that microseismic events are generated from changes in stress or pressure underground, and geophones can detect these events to map fracture growth. Microseismic monitoring allows operators to optimize stimulation treatments, well spacing and completion design to improve production and reduce costs and risks. Case studies of microseismic monitoring in Montney shale show how the data can reveal fracture geometry, stress variations, and interaction with natural fractures.

Uploaded by

Mbarouk Shaame Mbarouk
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 26

Hydraulic Fracturing of Shale Reservoir

Dr. Guochang Wang


Micro-Seismic
• What is Micro-Seismic
• As pressure or stress changes, new fractures are generated or old-
fractures are reactivated, resulting in micro-seismic signals in rock
volumes
• Geophones are placed in monitoring wells and/or surface to record
these micro-seismic signals
• Mostly are used to monitor hydraulic fracturing in petroleum industry
• Hydraulic Fracture Monitoring from Microseismic allows
operators to improve production and avoid risk by identifying
patterns of fluid movement, fracture development, connectivity,
compaction, and whether the frac and proppant are staying in
zone.
Micro-Seismic
• Microseismic analysis allow refinements to the stimulation
treatment plan and long-term improvements in well spacing, well
design, and completion design.
• Improve completions through a clear understanding of the reservoir
response to stimulation
• Determine where to drill next by analyzing wellbore spacing and
wellbore orientation
• Improve recovery through better placement of wellbore landing zone
and more effective stage placement
• Reduce cost with real-time treatment evaluation and more efficient
well spacing
• Avoid faults, water-bearing formations, and out-of-zone growth
3
Microseismic
• In some cases, the microseismic activity induced by the stimulation
is consistent with relatively simple, planar fractures while, in other
cases, interaction with pre-existing fracture networks results in
complex fracture networks growing in multiple orientations
• Behavior ranging from simple to complex fractures has been
observed in multi-stage stimulation within simple horizontal wells
in many different shale plays
• The variability in fracture complexity depends on the geometry of
the pre-existing network as well as the in-situ stress state
• Adding microseismic hydraulic fracture imaging to other source of
geologic information about fractures and stresses in the reservoir
4 is advancing our understanding of hydraulic fracture complexity
Micro-Seismic
Rock Failure
• Shear fracture by increasing pore pressure
• Effective stress 𝝈𝒆 = 𝝈𝒕 − 𝒖
Tensile Compressive field
field 𝝈𝑠

𝝈3 𝝈2 𝝈1 𝝈𝑛

• Shear failure occurs if the circle touches the failure envelope in


compressive field

6
Rock Failure
• Tensile fracture by increasing pore pressure
• Effective stress 𝝈𝒆 = 𝝈𝒕 − 𝒖
Compressive field
Tensile
field 𝝈𝑠

𝝈3 𝝈2 𝝈1 𝝈𝑛

• Tensile fracture formed if the circle touches the failure envelope in


tensile field

7
Micro-Seismic
• Micro-seismic monitoring provides crucial information for shale gas
stimulation and production
• Map the position, growth and effectiveness of hydro-fracture stimulation to
assess completion objectives
• Map extraction and injection paths, treatment history, and fluid migration
• Analyse MS source characteristics and clustering to assess connected zones
and identify mobilised structures
• Gain information on fracture orientation, spacing, persistence, damage
accumulation, and conductive fracture networks
• Monitoring and assessment of seismic impact of stimulation operations
Micro-seismic Examples – Montney Shale
• The map view shows the
microseismicity of all stages of
Montney shale, Canada
• The distribution of the microseismic
follows a zone trending to the NW-SE,
with very few events occurring to the
NE
• More microseismic signals in Well C
than wells A and B
Maxwell et al., 2012

9
Micro-seismic Examples – Montney Shale
• Contours of logarithm of
seismic moment density

Maxwell et al., 2012

10
Micro-seismic Examples – Montney Shale
• Microseismic
events overlying
Possion’s Ratio
and fractures
indicating stress
variations
associated with
both material
properties and pre-
existing faults
Maxwell et al., 2012

11
Micro-seismic Examples – Montney Shale
• Why are the microseismic events large
along Well C?
• Why are there no microseismic events
towards the NE?
• Why do the microseismic events tend
to go towards the SW?
• Why is the geometry of the
microseismic events different near Well
A?
Maxwell et al., 2012

12
Micro-seismic Examples – Montney Shale
• Different distances between the
open perforations and the
monitoring well are a cause of
variation in the quality and
quantity of the microseismic data
between treatment stages
• To lessen this impact, analysis was
restricted to only data from
fracturing stages closest to the
monitoring well
Maxwell et al., 2012

13
Micro-seismic Examples – Montney Shale
• ISIP gradient at end of each
fracturing treatment was
plotted at the perforation
location, indicating the areal
variation in stress regime
• Well C has ISIP 0.5 Mpa higher
than wells A and B
• Well C with higher ISIP has
higher magnitude also
Maxwell et al., 2012

14
Micro-seismic Examples – Montney Shale
• Overlying of microseismic events
and fractures interpreted using ant-
tracking indicate the re-activation of
natural fractures

Maxwell et al., 2012

15
Micro-Seismic Examples

• Fracture Length
Micro-Seismic Examples

• Fracture Length

www.neb-one.gc.ca
17
Micro-Seismic Examples

• Fracture height

18
Micro-Seismic Examples

• Fracture hits
• Fracture Length
• Fracture Orientation

www.aogr.com

19
Micro-Seismic Examples

www.hgs.org

20
Micro-Seismic Examples

www.nap.edu

21
Micro-Seismic Examples

22 Fisher et al. (2004)


Micro-Seismic Examples

Shmax ≈ Shmin

Each square 500 feet


Micro-Seismic Examples

J1

Engleder et al., 2009


A1
40°

J1

38°
82°
Each square 500 x 500 feet
80°
Micro-Seismic Examples

J1

J2

J2
J1
Shmax ≈ Shmin

Each square 500 x 500 feet


26

You might also like

pFad - Phonifier reborn

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


Alternative Proxies:

Alternative Proxy

pFad Proxy

pFad v3 Proxy

pFad v4 Proxy