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Reinforcement and Punishment

This document defines and provides examples of positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, positive punishment, and negative punishment. Positive reinforcement involves giving a reward to increase a desired behavior. Negative reinforcement removes an undesirable stimulus to increase a behavior. Positive punishment adds an undesirable consequence to decrease an undesired behavior. Negative punishment removes a desirable stimulus to decrease an unwanted behavior. Examples are given for each type of reinforcement or punishment.

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472 views2 pages

Reinforcement and Punishment

This document defines and provides examples of positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, positive punishment, and negative punishment. Positive reinforcement involves giving a reward to increase a desired behavior. Negative reinforcement removes an undesirable stimulus to increase a behavior. Positive punishment adds an undesirable consequence to decrease an undesired behavior. Negative punishment removes a desirable stimulus to decrease an unwanted behavior. Examples are given for each type of reinforcement or punishment.

Uploaded by

Dwayne Acc
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Francisco Rivas

PSY1014E
20th April,2020

Reinforcement and Punishment


Positive reinforcement
● This means giving something to the subject when they perform the desired action so they
associate the action with the reward and do it more often. The reward is a reinforcing
stimulus.
Examples:

1. A mother gives her son praise (reinforcing stimulus) for doing homework (behavior).
2. The little boy receives $5.00 (reinforcing stimulus) for every A he earns on his report
card (behavior).
3. A father gives his daughter candy (reinforcing stimulus) for cleaning up toys (behavior).
4. A teacher giving a student a sticker(reinforcing stimulus) for getting a high grade on their
test(behaviour).
5. A dog owner gives his/her dog a treat(reinforcing stimulus) for obeying his/her
owner(behaviour).

Negative reinforcement
● This occurs when a certain stimulus (usually an aversive stimulus) is removed after a
particular behavior is exhibited. The likelihood of the particular behavior occurring again
in the future is increased because of removing/avoiding the negative consequence.
Examples:

1. Bob does the dishes (behavior) in order to stop his mother’s nagging (aversive stimulus).
2. Natalie can get up from the dinner table (aversive stimulus) when she eats 2 bites of her
broccoli (behavior).
3. Joe presses a button (behavior) that turns off a loud alarm (aversive stimulus)
4. A teacher can eliminate that night's homework(behaviour) if kids study hard and
accomplish a lot in class(aversive stimulus).
5. Teaching a dog to heel(behaviour) may involve keeping tension on the dog's leash as you
walk together(aversive stimulus).

Positive punishment
● This works by presenting an aversive consequence after an undesired behavior is
exhibited, making the behavior less likely to happen in the future.
Examples:

1. A child picks his nose during class (behavior) and the teacher reprimands him (aversive
stimulus) in front of his classmates.
2. A child touches a hot stove (behavior) and feels pain (aversive stimulus).
3. A person eats spoiled food (behavior) and gets a bad taste in his/her mouth (aversive
stimulus)
4. A child cuts himself(behaviour) by playing with a sharp knife(aversive stimulus).
5. A dog chews on slippers(behaviour) the owner shouts and beats the dog(aversive
stimulus).

Negative punishment
● This happens when a certain reinforcing stimulus is removed after a particular undesired
behavior is exhibited, resulting in the behavior happening less often in the future.
Examples:
1. A child does not get recess (behaviour) for not doing his homework(aversive stimulus).
2. Not making the basketball team(behaviour) for not being disciplined(aversive stimulus).
3. A dog’s favorite toy has been taken away(behaviour) for chewing on the owners
slippers(aversive stimulus).
4. The electricity company has taken away electricity from a man’s home(behaviour) for not
paying his bills(aversive stimulus).
5. A teen’s phone has been taken away(behaviour) for not doing their chores(aversive
stimulus).

REFERENCES:
● https://bcotb.com/the-difference-between-positivenegative-reinforcement-and-
positivenegative-punishment/

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