It Happened One Night

It Happened One Night is a 1934 pre-Code American romantic

It Happened One Night
comedy film with elements of screwball comedy directed and co-
produced by Frank Capra, in collaboration with Harry Cohn, in
which a pampered socialite (Claudette Colbert) tries to get out
from under her father's thumb and falls in love with a roguish
reporter (Clark Gable). The plot is based on the August 1933 short
story "Night Bus" by Samuel Hopkins Adams, which provided the
shooting title. Classified as a "pre-Code" production, the film is
among the last romantic comedies created before the MPPDA
began rigidly enforcing the 1930 Motion Picture Production Code
in July 1934. It Happened One Night was released just four
months prior to that enforcement.[4]

It Happened One Night is the first of only three films (along with
One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest and The Silence of the Lambs)
to win all five major Academy Awards: Best Picture, Best
Director, Best Actor, Best Actress, and Best Adapted Screenplay.
In 1993, It Happened One Night was selected for preservation in
the United States National Film Registry by the Library of
Congress, being deemed "culturally, historically, or aesthetically
Original theatrical release poster
significant." [5][6] In 2013, the film underwent an extensive
restoration by Sony Pictures.[7][8] Directed by Frank Capra
Produced by Frank Capra
Harry Cohn
Contents Screenplay by Robert Riskin

Plot Story by Samuel Hopkins

Adams
Main cast
Based on "Night Bus"
Production
by Samuel
Casting
Hopkins Adams
Filming
Restoration Starring Clark Gable
Claudette Colbert
Reception
Academy Awards Music by Howard Jackson
Louis Silvers
Others
Cinematography Joseph Walker
Influence
Edited by Gene Havlick
Remakes and adaptations
Distributed by Columbia Pictures
In popular culture
Release date February 22, 1934
See also
References Running time 105 minutes[1]
Bibliography Country United States
External links Language English
 Budget $325,000[2]
Box office $2,500,000[3]
Plot $2,000,000
(theatrical rentals)
Spoiled heiress Ellen "Ellie" Andrews has eloped with pilot and
fortune-hunter King Westley against the wishes of her extremely
wealthy father, Alexander Andrews, who wants to have the marriage annulled because he knows that
Westley is really interested only in Ellie's money. Jumping ship in Florida, Ellie runs away and boards a
Greyhound bus to New York City to reunite with her husband. She meets fellow passenger Peter Warne, a
newspaper reporter who recently lost his job. Soon, Peter recognizes her and gives her a choice. If she gives
him an exclusive on her story, he will help her reunite with Westley. If not, he will tell her father where she
is. Ellie agrees to the first choice.

As they go through several adventures together, Ellie loses her initial disdain for Peter and begins to fall in
love. When the bus breaks down and they begin hitchhiking, they fail to secure a ride until Ellie displays a
shapely leg to Danker, the next driver. When they stop en route, Danker tries to steal their luggage, but Peter
chases him down and seizes his Model T. Near the end of their journey, Ellie confesses her love to Peter.
The owners of the motel in which they stay notice that that Peter's car is gone and so expel Ellie. Believing
Peter has deserted her, Ellie telephones her father, who agrees to let her marry Westley. Meanwhile, Peter
has obtained money from his editor to marry Ellie but he misses her on the road. Although Ellie has no
desire to be with Westley, she believes that Peter has betrayed her for the reward money and so agrees to
have a second, formal wedding with Westley.

On the wedding day, she finally reveals the whole story to her father. When Peter comes to Ellie's home,
Andrews offers him the reward money, but Peter insists on being paid only his expenses, a paltry $39.60 for
items that he had been forced to sell to buy gasoline. When Andrews presses Peter for an explanation of his
odd behavior and demands to know if he loves her, Peter first tries to dodge the questions but then admits
that he loves Ellie and storms out. Westley arrives for his wedding via an autogyro, but at the ceremony,
Andrews reveals to his daughter about Peter's refusal of the reward money and tells her that her car is
waiting by the back gate in case she changes her mind. At he last minute, just before she says "I do", she
decides not to go through with the wedding. Ellie dumps Westley at the altar, bolts for her car, and drives
away as the newsreel cameras crank.

A few days later, Andrews is working at his desk when Westley calls to tell him that he will take the
financial settlement and not contest the annulment. His executive assistant brings him a telegram from Peter:
"What's holding up the annulment, you slowpoke? The walls of Jericho are toppling!" That is a reference to
a makeshift wall to give them privacy made of a blanket over a wire that was tied across the rooms that they
slept in between them. With the annulment in hand, Andrews sends the reply, "Let 'em topple."

The last scene has Peter's battered Model T parked in a motor court in Glen Falls, Michigan. The mom-and-
pop owners talk and wonder why, on such a warm night, the newlyweds (he had seen the marriage license)
wanted a clothesline, an extra blanket, and the little tin trumpet that he had gotten for them. As they look at
the cabin, the toy trumpet sounds a fanfare, the blanket falls to the floor, and the lights in the cabin go out.

Main cast
Clark Gable as Peter Warne, a recently-fired Uncredited roles
newspaper reporter
Claudette Colbert as Ellen "Ellie" Andrews, a Ernie Adams as the Bag Thief
spoiled heiress of millions Irving Bacon as Gas Station Attendant
Walter Connolly as Alexander Andrews, Ellie's George Breakston as Boy Bus
millionaire father Passenger whose mother collapsed
 Roscoe Karns as Oscar Shapeley, an annoying bus Ward Bond as Bus Driver #1
passenger who tries to pick up Ellie Eddy Chandler as Bus Driver #2
Jameson Thomas as "King" Westley, Ellie's fiancé Mickey Daniels as a Vendor on bus
(or husband); a pilot and fortune-hunter
Bess Flowers as Agnes, Gordon's
Alan Hale as Danker, the singing car driver who Secretary
wants to steal the suitcase
Harry Holman as the Auto Camp
Arthur Hoyt as Zeke, a motel owner Manager at the end of the film
Blanche Friderici as Zeke's wife Claire McDowell as the collapsed
Charles C. Wilson as Joe Gordon, newspaper editor Mother in the bus
and Peter's boss Harry Todd as the Flagman at railroad
crossing
Maidel Turner as the Auto Camp
Manager's Wife
Wallis Clark as Lovington

Production

Casting

Gable and Colbert were both not the first choice to play
the lead roles. Miriam Hopkins first rejected the part of
Ellie. Robert Montgomery and Myrna Loy were then
offered the roles, but both turned down the script. Loy
later noted that the final story as filmed bore little
resemblance to the script that she and Montgomery had
been given for their perusal.[9] Margaret Sullavan also
rejected the part.[10] Constance Bennett was willing to
accept the role if she could produce the film herself, but
Columbia Pictures would not agree to that condition.
Then, Bette Davis wanted the role,[11] but she was
under contract with Warner Brothers, and Jack L.
The hitchhiking scene
Warner refused to lend her.[12] Carole Lombard was
unable to accept, because Columbia's proposed filming
schedule would conflict with her work on Bolero at
Paramount.[13] Loretta Young also turned it down.[14]

Harry Cohn suggested Colbert, who initially turned down the role.[15] Colbert's first film, For the Love of
Mike (1927), had been directed by Capra and had been such a disaster that she vowed to never make another
with him. Later, she agreed to appear in It Happened One Night only if her salary was doubled to $50,000
and if the filming of her role was completed in four weeks so that she could take her well-planned
vacation.[16]

According to Hollywood legend, Gable was lent to Columbia Pictures, then considered a minor studio, as
some kind of "punishment" for refusing a role at his own studio. That tale has been partially refuted by more
recent biographies. Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer did not have a project ready for Gable, and the studio was
paying him his contracted salary of $2,000 per week whether or not he worked. Louis B. Mayer lent him to
Columbia for $2,500 per week, hence netting MGM $500 per week while he was gone.[17] Capra, however,
insisted that Gable was a reluctant participant in the film.[18]

Filming

Filming began in a tense atmosphere as Gable and Colbert were dissatisfied with the quality of the script.
However, Capra understood their dissatisfaction and let screenwriter Robert Riskin rewrite the script.[17]
Colbert, however, continued to show her displeasure on the set. She also initially balked at pulling up her
skirt to entice a passing driver to provide a ride, complaining that it was unladylike. Upon seeing the chorus
girl who was brought in as her body double, an outraged Colbert told the director, "Get her out of here. I'll
do it. That's not my leg!"[19] Through the filming, Capra claimed, Colbert "had many little tantrums,
motivated by her antipathy toward me", however, "she was wonderful in the part."[19]

It was partially filmed at Thousand Oaks Boulevard in Thousand Oaks, California.[20]

Restoration

In 2013 It Happened One Night underwent digital restoration. A new wet-gate master was produced by
Sony Colorworks for scanning at 4K. The images were digitally treated at Prasad Corporation to remove
dirt, tears, scratches, and other artifacts. Care was taken to preserve the original look of the film.[21]

Reception
After filming was completed, Colbert complained to her
friend, "I just finished the worst picture in the
world."[19][22] Columbia appeared to have low
expectations for the film and did not mount much of an
advertising campaign to promote it.[23] Initial reviews,
however, were generally positive. Mordaunt Hall of The
New York Times called it "a good piece of fiction,
which, with all its feverish stunts, is blessed with bright
dialogue and a good quota of relatively restrained
scenes." He also described Colbert's performance as
"engaging and lively" and Gable as "excellent".[24]
Variety reported that it was "without a particularly
strong plot", but "manages to come through in a big Gable and Colbert in the film's trailer
way, due to the acting, dialog, situations and
directing."[25] Film Daily praised it as "a lively yarn,
fast-moving, plenty humorous, racy enough to be tantalizing, and yet perfectly decorous."[26] The New York
Herald Tribune called it "lively and amusing."[27] John Mosher of The New Yorker, however, panned it as
"pretty much nonsense and quite dreary,"[28] which was probably the review Capra had in mind when he
recalled in his autobiography that "sophisticated" critics had dismissed the film.[29]

Despite the positive reviews, the film only did so-so business in its initial run. However, after it was released
to the secondary movie houses, word-of-mouth began to spread and ticket sales became brisk, especially in
smaller towns where the film's characters and simple romance struck a chord with moviegoers who were not
surrounded by luxury.[27] It turned out to be a major box office smash, easily Columbia's biggest hit to
date.[30]
Rotten Tomatoes compiled 56 reviews of the film, both from the time and from subsequent years, to form a
98% "Certified Fresh" score and an average rating of 9.13/10. The consensus reads, "Capturing its stars and
director at their finest, It Happened One Night remains unsurpassed by the countless romantic comedies it
has inspired."[31]

In 1935, after her Academy Award nomination, Colbert decided not to attend the presentation, feeling
confident that she would not win the award, and instead, planned to take a cross-country railroad trip. After
she was named the winner, studio chief Harry Cohn sent someone to "drag her off" the train, which had not
yet left the station, and take her to the ceremony. Colbert arrived wearing a two-piece traveling suit which
she had the Paramount Pictures costume designer, Travis Banton, make for her trip.[32]

Academy Awards

The film won all five of the Academy Awards for which it was nominated at the 7th Academy Awards for
1934:

Award Result Winner

Best Picture Won Columbia Pictures (Frank Capra and Harry Cohn)
Best Director Won Frank Capra
Best Actor Won Clark Gable
Best Actress Won Claudette Colbert
Best Writing, Adaptation Won Robert Riskin

It Happened One Night was the first film to win the "Big Five" Academy Awards (Best Picture, Best
Director, Best Actor, Best Actress, and Best Writing). As of 2019, only two other films have achieved this
feat: One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest in 1975 and The Silence of the Lambs in 1991.[33] It Happened One
Night was also the last film to win both lead acting Academy Awards until One Flew Over the Cuckoo's
Nest in 1975.

On December 15, 1996, Gable's Oscar was auctioned off to Steven Spielberg for $607,500; Spielberg
promptly donated the statuette to the Motion Picture Academy.[34] On June 9 of the following year, Colbert's
Oscar was offered for auction by Christie's, but no bids were made for it.

Others

The film is recognized by American Film Institute in these lists:

1998: AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies – #35[35]

2000: AFI's 100 Years...100 Laughs – #8[36]
2002: AFI's 100 Years...100 Passions – #38[37]
2005: AFI's 100 Years...100 Movie Quotes:
Ellie Andrews: "Well, I proved once and for all that the limb is mightier than the thumb." –
Nominated[38]
2007: AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies (10th Anniversary Edition) – #46[39]
2008: AFI's 10 Top 10:

#3 Romantic Comedy Film[40]

Influence
It Happened One Night made an immediate impact on the public. In one scene, Gable undresses for bed,
taking off his shirt to reveal that he is bare-chested. An urban legend claims that, as a result, sales of men's
undershirts declined noticeably.[41] The movie also prominently features a Greyhound bus in the story,
spurring interest in bus travel nationwide.[42]

The unpublished memoirs of animator Friz Freleng mention that this was one of his favorite films. It
Happened One Night has a few interesting parallels with, and may have even inspired certain characteristics
of, the cartoon character Bugs Bunny, who made his first appearance six years later, and who Freleng helped
develop. In the film, a minor character, Oscar Shapely, continually calls the Gable character "Doc", an
imaginary character named "Bugs Dooley" is mentioned once in order to frighten Shapely, and there is also
a scene in which Gable eats carrots while talking quickly with his mouth full, as Bugs does.[43]

Remakes and adaptations

The film has inspired a number of remakes, including the musicals Eve Knew Her Apples (1945) starring
Ann Miller and You Can't Run Away from It (1956) starring June Allyson and Jack Lemmon, which was
directed and produced by Dick Powell.[44]

It Happened One Night was adapted as a radio play on the March 20, 1939 broadcast of Lux Radio Theater,
with Colbert and Gable reprising their roles.[45] The screenplay was also adapted as a radio play for the
January 28, 1940, broadcast of The Campbell Playhouse, starring Orson Welles (Mr. Andrews), William
Powell (Peter Grant) and Miriam Hopkins (Ellie Andrews).[46][47]

It Happened One Night has been adapted into numerous Indian films. These include three Hindi adaptations:
Chori Chori (1956), Nau Do Gyarah (1957) and Dil Hai Ke Manta Nahin (1991),[48] one Bengali
adaptation Chaoa Paoa (1959),[49] two Tamil adaptations: Chandhrodhayam (1966) and Kadhal Rojavae
(2000),[48][50] and one Kannada adaptation Hudugaata (2007).[51]

In popular culture
The 1937 Laurel and Hardy comedy Way Out West parodied the famous hitchhiking scene, with Stan Laurel
managing to stop a stage coach using the same technique.[52] Mel Brooks's film Spaceballs (1987) parodies
the wedding scene. As she walks down the aisle to wed Prince Valium, Princess Vespa (Daphne Zuniga) is
told by her father, King Roland (Dick Van Patten), that Lone Starr (Bill Pullman) forsook the reward for the
princess's return and only asked to be reimbursed for the cost of the trip.[53]

Other films have used familiar plot points from It Happened One Night. In Bandits, (2001), Joe Blake
(Bruce Willis) erects a blanket partition between motel room beds out of respect for Kate Wheeler's (Cate
Blanchett's) privacy. He remarks that he saw them do the same thing in an old movie.[54] In Sex and the City
2, Carrie and Mr. Big watch the film (specifically the hitchhiking scene) in a hotel; later in the film Carrie
uses the idea which she got from the film to get a taxi in the Middle East.

In "The Bogman of Letchmoor Heath", the second episode of the horror/comedy telvision series She-Wolf of
London (1990-1991), lead characters Randi Wallace (Kate Hodge) and Ian Matheson (Neil Dickson) rent a
motel room, and, uncomfortable with the lack of privacy afforded, Ian stretches a bed sheet like a curtain
between the two beds. Ian makes reference to It Happened One Night but Randi is unfamiliar with the film,
citing that she would rather "read a book."
Beginning in January 2014, the comic 9 Chickweed Lane tied a story arc to It Happened One Night when
one of the characters, Lt. William O'Malley, is injured during World War II and believes himself to be Peter
Warne. As he sneaks through German-occupied France, several plot points run parallel to that of It
Happened One Night and he believes his French contact to be Ellen Andrews.[55]

See also
List of Academy Award records
List of Big Five Academy Award winners and nominees

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Shirer, William L. Berlin Diary: The Journal of a Foreign Correspondent 1934–1941. Edison,
New Jersey: BBS Publishing Corporation, 1985. ISBN 978-0-88365-922-9.
Tueth, Michael V. Reeling with Laughter: American Film Comedies—from Anarchy to
Mockumentary. Lanham, Maryland: Scarecrow Press, 2012. ISBN 978-0-81088-367-3.
Wiley, Mason and Damien Bona. Inside Oscar: The Unofficial History of the Academy Awards.
New York: Ballantine Books, 1987. ISBN 0-345-34453-7.

External links
It Happened One Night essay by Ian Scott on the National Film Registry website [1] (https://ww
w.loc.gov/static/programs/national-film-preservation-board/documents/it_happened.pdf)
It Happened One Night (https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0025316/) on IMDb
It Happened One Night (http://www.tcm.turner.com/tcmdb/title/title.jsp?stid=12648) at the TCM
Movie Database
It Happened One Night (https://catalog.afi.com/Catalog/moviedetails/6316) at the American
Film Institute Catalog
It Happened One Night (https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/it_happened_one_night) at Rotten
Tomatoes
It Happened One Night (http://www.filmsite.org/itha.html) at Filmsite.org
It Happened One Night (http://www.virtual-history.com/movie/film/1810/it-happened-one-night)
at Virtual History
Six Screen Plays by Robert Riskin, Edited and Introduced by Pat McGilligan, Berkeley:
University of California Press, c1997 1997 – Free Online – UC Press E-Books Collection (htt
p://ark.cdlib.org/ark:/13030/ft7b69p14j/)
It Happened One Night: All Aboard! (https://www.criterion.com/current/posts/3369-it-happened-
one-night-all-aboard) an essay by Farran Smith Nehme at the Criterion Collection

Streaming audio

It Happened One Night (https://archive.org/download/Lux04/Lux_39-03-20_It_Happened_One

_Night.mp3) on Lux Radio Theater: March 20, 1939
It Happened One Night (https://archive.org/download/otr_campbellplayhouse/CampbellPlayho
use40-01-28ItHappenedOneNight.mp3) on The Campbell Playhouse: January 28, 1940
A film clip "It Happened One Night trailer (1934)" (https://archive.org/details/ItHappenedOneNi
ghtTrailer) is available at the Internet Archive

Awards
Succeeded by
Preceded by
"Big Five" Academy Award winner One Flew Over the
First film to achieve this
Cuckoo's Nest
Succeeded by
Preceded by Academy Award winner for Best
One Flew Over the
First film to achieve this Actor and Best Actress
Cuckoo's Nest

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