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Some Aspects of The Transformation of Society & Economy of Modern Europe, 15 - 18 Century General Introduction Glossary

This document provides definitions for key terms and concepts related to the transformation of European society and economy from the 15th to 18th centuries. It includes brief explanations of influential figures like Thomas Aquinas, Giovanni Boccaccio, and Francesco Petrarch. It also defines institutions such as the Crusades, the Holy Roman Empire, the Middle Ages, the Pope, and the House of Medici. Other terms defined are Notary and Patricians.

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59 views3 pages

Some Aspects of The Transformation of Society & Economy of Modern Europe, 15 - 18 Century General Introduction Glossary

This document provides definitions for key terms and concepts related to the transformation of European society and economy from the 15th to 18th centuries. It includes brief explanations of influential figures like Thomas Aquinas, Giovanni Boccaccio, and Francesco Petrarch. It also defines institutions such as the Crusades, the Holy Roman Empire, the Middle Ages, the Pope, and the House of Medici. Other terms defined are Notary and Patricians.

Uploaded by

Arya Trivedi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Some Aspects of the Transformation of Society & Economy of Modern

Europe, 15th-18th Century

Module 1

General Introduction

Glossary

Thomas Aquinas (1225-1274)


An Italian Dominican priest of the Catholic Church, and an immensely
influential philosopher and theologian in the tradition of scholasticism. He was the
foremost classical proponent of natural theology; his influence on Western thought
is considerable.

Giovanni Boccaccio (1313 – 1375)


An Italian author and poet; friend, student, and correspondent of Petrarch; an
important Renaissance humanist; the author of a number of notable works
including the Decameron, and On Famous Women; particularly notable for his
dialogue which it has been said surpassed all of his contemporaries.

The Crusades 
A series of religiously sanctioned military campaigns between 1095 and 1291,
called by the Pope and waged by kings and nobles who volunteered to take up the
cross with the main goal of restoring Christian control of the Holy Land from Muslim
rule.

Francesco Petrarca (1304-1374) or Petrarch


An Italian scholar, poet and one of the earliest humanists; often called the "Father
of Humanism"; his sonnets were admired and imitated throughout Europe during
the Renaissance and became a model for lyrical poetry.
The Holy Roman Empire 
A realm that existed in Central Europe, ruled by a Holy Roman Emperor of whom
the first is generally considered to have been Otto I, King of Germany, crowned in
962; Its character changed during the Middle Ages and the Early Modern period,
when the power of the emperor gradually weakened in favour of the princes. The
last Holy Roman Emperor was Francis II when the Empire was dissolved during
the Napoleonic Wars.

The Middle Ages
A  historical period preceding the Modern Era, that was  fully underway by the 5th
century and lasted till the 15th century; the period saw the large-scale European
migration, the fall of the Western Roman Empire and Christian-oriented art; codes
of chivalry and courtly love set rules for proper European behavior, while the
European Scholastic philosophers attempted to reconcile Christian faith and
reason.

The Pope
Bishop of Rome, and the leader of the worldwide Catholic Church .
His ecclesiastical jurisdiction is often called the "Holy See"; also head of Vatican
City State, a sovereign city-state entirely enclaved within the city of Rome.

Notary
A lawyer or person with legal training who is licensed by the state to perform acts in
legal affairs, in particular witnessing signatures on documents.

House of Medici
An old banking family that ruled the Republic of Florence and then the Duchy of
Tuscany; inextricably linked with the political and cultural history of Western Europe
and thought to be a main force behind the efflorescence of learning and arts in
Italy.

Patricians
A term that previously applied to members of the Roman Senate; generally used to
refer to the members of the upper classes, nobility and owners.

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