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CT Scan

This document provides an overview of computed tomography (CT) by outlining its history, physical principles, instrumentation, data acquisition and processing techniques, applications, and future prospects. It will discuss the discovery of x-rays, development of the first CT scanner, evolution of scanner generations, how CT works by attenuating x-rays, the components of a CT scanner, data processing methods, how CT images are created and structures distinguished, clinical applications, and challenges and potential improvements for the future of CT.

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79 views1 page

CT Scan

This document provides an overview of computed tomography (CT) by outlining its history, physical principles, instrumentation, data acquisition and processing techniques, applications, and future prospects. It will discuss the discovery of x-rays, development of the first CT scanner, evolution of scanner generations, how CT works by attenuating x-rays, the components of a CT scanner, data processing methods, how CT images are created and structures distinguished, clinical applications, and challenges and potential improvements for the future of CT.

Uploaded by

shamshadkne
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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One of the most used techniques in the imagiology field is called Computed Tomography

(CT), a method to acquire slices of the body based on the attenuation of X-rays. This
monograph will try to compile the most important information about CT, namely its history,
physical principles, fundamental instrumentation, data acquisition and processing
techniques, as well as its applications.

Firstly, a brief tour through the history of the technique will be taken, while some of the most
important achievements will be referred. The starting point will be the discovery of the X-
rays, then passing through the creation of the first CT scanner and the development of data
analysis and processing algorithms.

Then, a concise revision of the evolution of the scanners will be done, delineating the
different generations of scanners and the key features of each one.

In order to understand how an object can be scanned by this technique, a review of the
physical concepts that constitute the basis of CT will be done. More precisely, we will
discuss the attenuation of radiation while passing through objects. A short description of
how X-rays interact with matter and the concept of linear attenuation coefficient will be
discussed.

The instrumentation needed for CT will shortly be referred, in particular the most important
components of a CT scanner will be briefly explained.

As data acquired by the scanners are not displayed in the way they are obtained, we will
afterward explain the most used methods to process and analyze the great amount of
information acquired by the CT detectors.

The process of creating a scale to represent data – the CT numbers – will subsequently be
overviewed, in order to understand how images are created and shown to the doctors. A
description of how CT allows to distinguish different anatomical structures and how it
permits to see just the structures we want will also be done.

After that, an enumeration of some of the many clinical applications of CT will be done,
knowing at the start that it will be impossible to list all the applications, reason why just a
few will be referred. Besides, it is not the main goal of this monograph, although it is
essential to understand the crucial importance of CT in the medicine field.

Finally, we will try to conjecture about the future of CT, specifically what it can be improved
and what are the actual challenges for this technique and how it can be overcame.

This monograph is part of the Hospital and Medical Instrumentation course and pretends to
be an overall view of CT, reason why there is not exhaustive detail in each section (for more
detail in the approached topics, please read the references). 3-Dimensional reconstruction
techniques will not be discussed because it is the topic of another group. Incisive
instrumentation will not be exploited because it not exploited in the course as well.

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