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Candace Maharaj

The document describes an experiment conducted on a steam turbine power plant apparatus. Key parameters such as pressure, temperature, and flow rates were measured at the turbine inlet and outlet. Overall plant efficiency and Rankine cycle efficiency were calculated based on these measurements. Plant efficiency was found to be extremely low at 9.686 x 10-5 due to the small scale of the experimental apparatus compared to an actual power plant. Rankine efficiency was also low at 0.072 due to various assumptions made and departures from ideal conditions.

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116 views11 pages

Candace Maharaj

The document describes an experiment conducted on a steam turbine power plant apparatus. Key parameters such as pressure, temperature, and flow rates were measured at the turbine inlet and outlet. Overall plant efficiency and Rankine cycle efficiency were calculated based on these measurements. Plant efficiency was found to be extremely low at 9.686 x 10-5 due to the small scale of the experimental apparatus compared to an actual power plant. Rankine efficiency was also low at 0.072 due to various assumptions made and departures from ideal conditions.

Uploaded by

Charlotte B
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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NAME: Candace K.

Maharaj

I.D. #: 05759761

TITLE: Steam Turbine Power Plant Apparatus

GROUP: B2

DATE PERFORMED: January 30, 2006


SUMMARY
The objectives of the experiment were to:
a. Study the apparatus
b. Draw a schematic
c. Run the plant and collect the following at a steady rate
i. Pressure at turbine inlet (T in P/ psig)
ii. Temperature at turbine inlet (T in T/ 0C)
iii. Pressure at turbine outlet (T out P/ psig)
iv. Temperature at turbine outlet (T out T/0C)
v. Volume flow rate of fuel/Lmin-1
vi. Generator voltage/ V
vii. Generator amperage/ A

These readings were all read of a computer after being appropriately set-up by the
demonstrator. The efficiency values calculated using these readings were very low; both
the overall plant efficiency and the Rankine efficiency.
DESCRIPTION OF APPARATUS

 Turbine
 Cooling tower
 Feed-water pump
 Boiler
EXPERIMENTATION
a. The boiler was filled with 6000 ml of distilled water.
b. The filling equipment was removed.
c. The steam admission valve was closed.
d. The computer was switched on.
e. The gas regulator was switched on.
f. The operator gas valve was turned on.
g. The master switch was turned on (verified by the green light on).
h. It was checked that the blower was working.
i. It was verified that the burner was lit within 45 seconds.
j. It was verified that there was a rise in boiler pressure within 3 minutes.
k. The system was preheated by opening and closing the steam admission valve.
l. The steam admission valve was opened.
m. The load switch was turned on.
n. The load rheostat was adjusted to achieve steady state values of boiler pressure,
generator voltage and ampere.
o. The data listed in the objectives was collected from the computer.
THEORY
There are four major components of a steam power plant. They are:
i. Boiler
ii. Turbine
iii. Cooling tower
iv. Feed-water pump

In the boiler, water is heated using fuel (LPG). The liquid is converted to wet vapor and
then to superheated steam.
The superheated steam moves on to the turbine where it is converted back into vapor.
There is a drop in pressure and temperature due to expansion when the steam hits the
propellers.
In the cooling tower, the wet vapor once again becomes liquid.
It stays liquid through the feed-water pump until it arrives at the boiler.

See the below diagram.


The Rankine cycle is used to analyze steam power plants.

Referring to the below figure:

From 1-2 there is isentropic expansion of the working fluid through the turbine from
saturated vapor to the pressure at the cooling tower.
2-3 involves a heat transfer from the working fluid as it flows at constant pressure
through the tower.
There is an isentropic compression in the pump as indicted by 3-4.
4-1 completes the cycle with heat transfer to the working fluid as it flows at constant
pressure through the boiler.
RESULTS:
Observations:

Schematic of steam turbine power plant apparatus


Boiling pressure/ psig 101.827
Boiling pressure/ MPa 0.8039063

T in P/ psig 6.420
Tin P/ MPa 0.1455980

T in T/ 0C 131.14
T in T/ K 404.29

T out P/ psig 2.991


T out P/ MPa 0.1219379

T out T/ 0C 122.96
T out T/ K 396.11

Volume flow rate/ Lmin-1 5.184


Volume flow rate/ m3s-1 8.640 x 10-5

Generator amperage/ A 0.138

Generator voltage/ V 6.671

Specimen Calculations:

Boiling pressure:
101.827 psig x 0.069 = 7.026063 bar(g)
7.026063 bar(g) + 1.013 = 8.039063 bar
8.039063 bar x 105 x 10-6 = 0.8039063 MPa

Volume flow rate = 5.184 Lmin-1 x [(103)(10-6)]/60 = 8.640 x 10-5 m3s-1

a) Fuel power = mass flow rate of fuel x calorific value


= volume flow rate x density x CV
= (8.640 x 10-5) m3s-1 x 2.2 kgm-3 x (50 x 106) Jkg-1
= 9504 W

Electrical output = generator V x I


= 6.671 x 0.138
= 0.9206 W
Overall plant efficiency = electrical power output/ fuel power
= 0.9206/9504
= 9.686 x 10-5
b) Rankine cycle efficiency = (h1 – h2)/(h1 – h3)
= (2692.16 – 2530)/(2692.16 – 441.36)
= 0.072

h values derived from Steam Table


DISCUSSION OF RESULTS
The value of 9.686 x 10-5 found for the overall plant efficiency was extremely low. The
Rankine cycle efficiency of 0.072 was also very low.

It must be remembered that this was only a small-scale model of a power plant. The
experiment does not enter into the superheated region at all; nor does it have a pump. It
therefore greatly departs from the theoretical considerations made. This is the main
reason for such low efficiencies.

There were also several assumptions made for simplification. This also causes departure
from the expected results. They include:
 Heat transfer between the plant components and their surroundings is negligible
 Kinetic and potential energy changes were ignored
 Each component is regarded as operating at steady state.

In order to preserve the integrity of the experiment, the water used is treated to remove
calcium carbonate and impurities. This prevents scaling.
CONCLUSIONS
The overall plant efficiency was found to be 9.686 x 10-5.

The Rankine efficiency was found to be 0.072..

Both values were extremely low due to excessive departure from ideality within the
experiment.

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