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Group Delay Illustration

This document discusses group delay characteristics of FIR and IIR filters. It shows that FIR filters introduce a linear phase shift, resulting in a constant group delay. IIR filters can have nonlinear phase response and variable group delay. When wideband signals are filtered, the IIR filter distorts the signal more than the FIR filter due to its nonlinear phase response and variable group delay. Applying FIR and IIR filters to noisy pulse signals shows the FIR filter preserves the pulse shape better than the IIR filter.

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Nguyen Anh Duc
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71 views8 pages

Group Delay Illustration

This document discusses group delay characteristics of FIR and IIR filters. It shows that FIR filters introduce a linear phase shift, resulting in a constant group delay. IIR filters can have nonlinear phase response and variable group delay. When wideband signals are filtered, the IIR filter distorts the signal more than the FIR filter due to its nonlinear phase response and variable group delay. Applying FIR and IIR filters to noisy pulse signals shows the FIR filter preserves the pulse shape better than the IIR filter.

Uploaded by

Nguyen Anh Duc
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Group delay example: FIR filter characteristics

Impulse response of FIR filter


0.3

0.2
h[n]

0.1

−0.1
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
n
Frequency response magnitude of FIR filter

1
|H(ejω)|

0.5

0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
Frequency (normalized by π)
Group delay of FIR filter
20
Group delay (samples)

15

10

0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
Frequency (normalized by π)
Group delay example: 2 input signals

Consider 2 narrowband pulses, x1[n] and x2[n]:


Input signal: x1[n]
1
Amplitude

−1
Input signal: x2[n]
1
Amplitude

−1
0 50 100 150 200 250
n

Fourier transform magnitudes, |X1(ejω )| and |X2(ejω )|

Frequency response of signals x1[n] and x2[n]


20
X1(ejω)
X2(ejω)
15
|X(e )|
jω

10

0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
Frequency (normalized by π)
Group delay example: input/output of FIR filter

Compare the inputs/outputs of the FIR filter

FIR filter: Input/Output signals: x1[n] and y1[n]


1
x [n]
1
y1[n]
0.5
Amplitude

−0.5

−1

FIR filter: Input/Output signals: x [n] and y [n]


2 2
1
x [n]
2
y [n]
0.5 2
Amplitude

−0.5

−1
80 100 120 140 160 180 200
n

Are the signals delayed by the right amounts?


Grp delay example: 8th-order IIR filter characteristics

Impulse response of IIR filter

0.1
h[n]

−0.1

0 50 100 150
n
Frequency response magnitude of IIR filter

1
H (e )
jω
IIR

0.5

0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
ω (normalized by π)
Group delay of IIR filter
80
Group delay (samples)

60

40

20

0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
Frequency (normalized by π)
Group delay example: input/output of IIR filter

Compare the inputs/outputs of the IIR filter

IIR filter: Input/Output signals: x1[n] and y1[n]


1
x [n]
1
y1[n]
0.5
Amplitude

−0.5

−1

IIR filter: Input/Output signals: x [n] and y [n]


2 2
1
x [n]
2
y [n]
0.5 2
Amplitude

−0.5

−1
80 100 120 140 160 180 200
n

Are the signals delayed by the right amounts?


Consider a wideband pulse

Time signal and frequency response magnitude are shown


below:

Short pulse (relatively wideband)


1.5

1
Amplitude

0.5

−0.5

−1
0 50 100 150 200 250
n
Pulse frequency response magnitude

Frequency response of wideband pulse


15

10

0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
Frequency (normalized by π)

If this signal is input to FIR and IIR filters, what does output
look like?
Wideband pulse output of FIR/IIR filters

Pulse output for IIR and FIR filters

1 IIR
Amplitude

FIR
0

−1
0 50 100 150 200 250
n

Why does IIR pulse look so distorted?


Application: filtering noisy pulses

Input signal pnd1


10

5
Amplitude

−5

−10
0 50 100 150 200 250

Filtered versions of pnd1


1.5
IIR
1 FIR
Amplitude

0.5
0
−0.5
−1
0 50 100 150 200 250

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