PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG MAYNILA

University of the City of Manila

Engineering Mathematical Society

DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS REVIEWER

Calculus is a branch of mathematics involving or leading −du

to calculations dealing with continuously varying −1 dy=
functions. (26) y=cot u u2 + 1
Chain Rule:
Calculus is a subject that falls into two parts: dy dy du
= ⋅
(i) differential calculus (or differentiation) and (27) dx du dx
(ii) integral calculus (or integration).
Inverse Function:
Differentiation is used in calculations involving velocity dy 1
and acceleration, rates of change and maximum and =
dx dy
minimum values of curves.
(28) dx
DIFFERENTIATION FORMULAS
Parametric Equations:
y=c dy=0⋅du dy
(1)
dy dt
(2) y=u dy=1⋅du =
dx dx
(3) y=cf (u) dy=c⋅df (29) dt
n n−1
y=cu dy=cnu du d dy
(4)
(5) y=u±v dy=du±dv d 2 y dt dx
=
( )
2 dx
dx
(6) y=uv dy=udv+vdu dt
(30)
u vdu−udv
y= dy=
(7) v v2 USEFUL LAWS AND IDENTITIES
x x
(8) y=a dy=a ln a⋅du 2 2
u u I. sin x+cos x=1
(9) y=e dy=e ⋅du 2 2
log a e II. 1+tan x=sec x
y=log a u dy= du 2 2
(10) u cot x+1=csc x
III.
du 2 2
dy= IV. cosh x−sinh x=1
(11) y=lnu u
x −x
y=sin u dy=cosu⋅du e −e
(12) sinh x=
y=cos u dy=−sinu⋅du V. 2
(13)
y=tan u dy=sec u⋅du
2 e x +e−x
(14) cosh x =
VI. 2
(15) y=csc u dy=−cscu⋅cotu⋅du
y=sec u dy=secu⋅tan u⋅du e x −e− x
(16) tanh x=
2 VII. e x +e−x
(17) y=cot u dy=−csc u⋅du
c
(18) y=sinh u dy=coshu⋅du =cx−n
VIII. xn
(19) y=cosh u dy=sinhu⋅du m
2 n m
(20) y=tanh u dy=sech u⋅du IX. √x =x n

du n
−1
dy= X. log a x =n log a x
(21) y=sin u √ 1−u2 loga xy=log a x+log a y
−du XI.
−1
dy= x
(22) y=cos u √ 1−u2 loga =log a x−log a y
y
du XII.
−1 dy=
(23) y=tan u 1+u2 SAMPLE PROBLEMS
−du
−1
dy= 7
(24) y=csc u u √ u2 −1 f (x )= x 3 −e x
Sample Problem No.1: If 6 , find the
du
−1
dy= value of x if its third derivative is equal to zero.
(25) y=sec u u √ u2 −1

DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS REVIEWER | 1

Solution: First step is to find the third derivative of f(x).
∵cosh y= √1+sinh 2 y=√ 1+ x2
7 dy 1
f (x )= x 3 −e x ∴ y '= =
6 dx √ 1+x 2
7 7
f ' (x )= (3 ) x −e x = x 2−e x
3−1
6 2
7
f ''( x )= (2) x −e =7 x−e x
2−1 x
2
1−1 x x
f '''( x)=7(1) x −e =7−e
“if its third derivative is equal to zero.” Set f’’’(x) equal
to zero then solve for x: PROBLEMS:
4x
f '''( x )=0 dy 2 xe
y=
1. Find dx if sin x
7−e x =0 2 2
x
e =7 2. If y=x +2 x , find the first derivative of ln y .
x=ln(7) dy
x5
3. Find dx if y=e ln x .
2 2x 4. Find the first derivative of
Sample Problem No. 2: If f (x )=sin (7 +1) , find 2
f ' (x ) . y=arctan √ x −1+arccsc x with respect to x.
sin xcos x
Solution:
dy y=ln √
5. Find dx if 1+2log x .
This problem involves the application of the chain rule.
2x −2 x
Let: u=7
2x
+1 , differentiating both sides of the 6. If f (x )=√ e +e , find f ' (x ) .
2
equation:
7. Find the first derivative of f (x )=e x cosh −1 3 x .
2x dy
u=7 +1
2x 8. Find dx if y=ln(sec( log x )) .
du=7 ln(7)⋅d(2 x) dy
2x 2 2 2 2
du=2(7 )ln(7)dx 9. Find dx if y=tan xcosh x−tan x sinh x .
dy
2
Then y=sin u , let v=sin u differentiating both 10. If sin( xy)=x , then dx equals ________.
sides of the equation: 11. Use chain rule to differentiate the function
1+x
v=sin u
dv=cosudu
y=
1−x .
dy
√
3

1 1
y= u=
2 12. Find dx if 1−u and 1−x 2
Therefore y=v , differentiating both sides of the
equation and by substitution: ADDITIONAL PROBLEMS:
2 dy
y=v
dy=2 vdv 1. Find dx if xy=x sin−1 x+ √1−x 2 .
2x 2x 2x
dy=2sinucosudu=2sin (7 +1)cos(7 +1)⋅2(7 )ln(7)dx dy u u2
x= y= 3
dy
f ' (x )= =4 ln(7 )⋅72 x sin(7 2 x +1)cos(7 2 x +1) 2. Find dx if 1+u 3 and 1+u
dx 1 1
y=5 x 4 +4 x − + −3
3. Differentiate 2 x2 √ 2 x with
dy
−1 respect to x.
Sample Problem No. 3: Find y=sinhdx if x . 2
dy y= 4
Solution:
This problem involves implicit differentiation. 4. Find dx if ( x −5 x +10 x 2 −5 x +1 )7
3
.
5. A parabola has parametric equations: x=t 2 ,
−1
y=sinh x dy
sinh y=x y=2t find dx .
cosh y⋅y'=1
1
y'=
cosh y

DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS REVIEWER | 2