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Artificial Feeding

This document discusses artificial infant feeding and complementary feeding. It defines artificial feeding as any preparation other than breast milk. It notes the importance of feeding for infant growth. Common artificial milk substitutes include boiled cow's milk, dried milk preparations, and condensed milk. Cup feeding is described as an alternative to bottle feeding that promotes tongue action and digestion. Complementary feeding is introduced between 4-7 months and involves gradually adding solid foods while decreasing breast/artificial milk. Foods should be introduced one at a time to monitor for allergies.

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BRUELIN MELSHIA M
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1K views7 pages

Artificial Feeding

This document discusses artificial infant feeding and complementary feeding. It defines artificial feeding as any preparation other than breast milk. It notes the importance of feeding for infant growth. Common artificial milk substitutes include boiled cow's milk, dried milk preparations, and condensed milk. Cup feeding is described as an alternative to bottle feeding that promotes tongue action and digestion. Complementary feeding is introduced between 4-7 months and involves gradually adding solid foods while decreasing breast/artificial milk. Foods should be introduced one at a time to monitor for allergies.

Uploaded by

BRUELIN MELSHIA M
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Artificial feeding

When the infant is feed by any preparation other than breast milk is called artificial feeding.

FEEDING
The growth of the infants during the first 6 months of the life is greater and
faster than any other period of life. Feeding plays an important role in it.
Principles
·           To provide sufficient fluid
·           To get adequate food
·           To provide balanced composition
·           To provide easily digestible food
Types of Feeding

ARTIFICIAL FEEDING
When the infant is feed by any preparation other than breast milk is called
artificial feeding.
Factors contributing to rising incidence of artificial feeding in India
Indication
·           Contraindication of breast feeding either temporary or permanent reason.
·           Mother reluctant in breast feeding.
·           Inadequate of breast milk as evidenced by first feeding.
·           Changing life style of women or pressurized under socio economic
condition.

Foods used
There is no perfect substitute for breast milk. In general boiled liquid cow’s
milk various dried milk preparation and to a lessen event unsweetened or
sweetened condensed milk are commonly used as artificial feeds. In some
countries goat’s milk or buffalo milk are used.
Composition
 

Cup feeding
Various types of utensils are used for artificial feeding of infant. In some
communities metal cups or container with a spout are used for this purpose. But
cup feeding is more advisable for newborn than bottle feeding.

Advantages of Cup Feeding


Promotes tongue action  Heat confusion
Encourages the initial digestion of the milk in the mouth
Easy to sterilize than bottle and heat
Disadvantages
Addiction to the cup feed       
Aspiration may occur with an incorrect technique        
The length of the feed is longer        
Indication
As an interim measure for full term babies when breast feeding is not yet
established e.g. maternal infant separation.
For the preterm infant without sufficient suck / swallow coordination.
Procedure
•            Ensure the baby is alert and interested.
Gather equipment.
Expressed breast milk.
Sterilized cup (small, open, slightly shaped and made from polyethylene or
similar)
Bib / napkin
Baby’s records
·           Wash and dry hands
·           Sit comfortably with the baby in an upright sitting position. Cuddled close
to the parent’s body. Consider swaddling the top half of the baby (to prevent
hands knocking the cup) and using a suitably placed bib. Choose to feed in skin-
to-skin contact.
·           Place the cup (about half full, if possible) lightly on the baby’s bottom lip,
reaching the corners of his mouth, with the level of milk touching his lips.
Begin slowly.
·           Retain the cup in this position (throughout any pauses) allowing the baby
to lap with tongue forwards. Avoid the temptation to pour the milk in.
·           The baby will determine the pace and cease feeding when no longer
hungry.
·            Ensure that the feed time has been relaxed and pleasurable with lots of
comfort and social interaction for the baby. Return the baby to a safe
environment once finished.
·           Wash and sterilize the cup, wash and dry hands.
·           Complete documentation, note the volume of liquid ingested, the time
taken and the effect for the baby.
When a baby is not being breast fed the midwife has an important role in
facilitating safe and effective infant nutrition using formula milk.
Powdered infant formula milk is suitable for newborn babies are modified
cow’s milk and are either whey or casein dominant whichever milk is chosen, it
must be an age suitable formula. Equally where the manufacturers suggest
preparation at a lower water temperature; this advice should be disregarded.
 

Storage of prepared Feeds


•            Preparing a powdered feed and then storing it is strongly discouraged.
·           It should be prepared as near to the time to leave as possible.
·           If the feed is not used within 2 hours it should be discarded.
·           If reheating a feed, warm water can be used for upto 15 minute either by
placing the bottle in the water or by holding it under a running tap.
·           Microwaves should not be used due to the inconsistent action of reheating.
 

Complementary Feeding
It’s a gradual addition of solid foods to the infant’s diet according to individual
infant’s capacity and gradual withdrawal of breast / artificial feeding in
frequency and quality.

Principles
·           Start weaning when child is free from any Gastrointestinal trouble.
·           One food item is introduced at interval of 4-7 days to allow for
identification of food allergies and to allow the child to get used to it.
·           New foods are fed in small amounts from one teaspoon to few tablespoons.
·           Food should not be mixed in bottle and feed through nipple.
 

Methods of Complementary Feeding


 

Dietary need
Growth requirements combined with physical activity play a role in determining
a child’s nutritional needs. Nutritional needs change with different life stages. It
is important to take into account the extra demands placed on the body by these
changes.
Food pyramid

Foods to be avoided for children


·           Fast food and junk food like chips, popcorn etc
·           Processed meats
·           Canned fruits and drinks
·           Honey
·           Dipping sauces
·            Raw milk and eggs

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