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Chap3 Data Models

The document discusses different types of data models: 1. Object based, record based, and physical data models are used to describe data at different levels. Object based and record based models describe data conceptually and externally, while physical models describe internal storage. 2. Record based models include hierarchical, network, and relational models. The hierarchical model structures data in a tree structure and suffers from anomalies. The network model handles many-to-many relationships but is complex. The relational model stores data in tables and avoids anomalies through normalization. 3. The relational model is considered the best of the record based models because it is simple, easy to implement, and avoids all types of data anomalies.

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115 views16 pages

Chap3 Data Models

The document discusses different types of data models: 1. Object based, record based, and physical data models are used to describe data at different levels. Object based and record based models describe data conceptually and externally, while physical models describe internal storage. 2. Record based models include hierarchical, network, and relational models. The hierarchical model structures data in a tree structure and suffers from anomalies. The network model handles many-to-many relationships but is complex. The relational model stores data in tables and avoids anomalies through normalization. 3. The relational model is considered the best of the record based models because it is simple, easy to implement, and avoids all types of data anomalies.

Uploaded by

BinuVargis
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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DATA MODELS

By
Dr. Parteek Bhatia
Assistant Professor
Department of Computer Science &
Engineering
Thapar University
Patiala
Data Models

 A model is a representation of reality, ‘real


world’ objects and events, and their
associations.
 Data Model can be defined as an
integrated collection of concepts for
describing and manipulating data,
relationships between data, and
constraints on the data in an organization.
Simplified Approach To DBMS
By Parteek Bhatia
Broad Categories of Data Models

 Object Based Data Models


 Physical Data Models
 Record Based Data Models
 The object based and record based data
models are used to describe data at the
conceptual and external levels, the physical
data model is used to describe data at the
internal level.
Simplified Approach To DBMS
By Parteek Bhatia
Object Based Data Models

 Object based data models use concepts such


as entities, attributes, and relationships.
 Covered in detail in Chapter-5 Entity-
Relationship Model.

Simplified Approach To DBMS


By Parteek Bhatia
Physical Data Models

 Physical data models describe how data is


stored in the computer.
 Most common is Unifying Model.
 Not in scope at this moment of time.

Simplified Approach To DBMS


By Parteek Bhatia
Record Based Logical Models

 Record based logical models are used in


describing data at the logical and view levels.
 The three most widely accepted record based
data models are:
 Hierarchical Model
 Network Model
 Relational Model
Simplified Approach To DBMS
By Parteek Bhatia
Hierarchical Model

 Hierarchical Database model is one of the


oldest database models.
 Information Management System (IMS) is
based on this model

Simplified Approach To DBMS


By Parteek Bhatia
Example

Simplified Approach To DBMS


By Parteek Bhatia
Sample Database

Simplified Approach To DBMS


By Parteek Bhatia
Equivalent Hierarchical Model

Simplified Approach To DBMS


By Parteek Bhatia
Network Model

 The Network model represents data with a


graph.
 The main difference of the network model
from the hierarchical model, is its ability to
handle many to many (N:N) relations.

Simplified Approach To DBMS


By Parteek Bhatia
Equivalent Network Model

Simplified Approach To DBMS


By Parteek Bhatia
Relational Model

 Relational model stores data in the form of


tables.
 This concept purposed by Dr. E.F. Codd, a
researcher of IBM in the year 1960s.

Simplified Approach To DBMS


By Parteek Bhatia
Example

Simplified Approach To DBMS


By Parteek Bhatia
Comparisons of Record Based
Data Models
 Hierarchical model suffers from insertion, updation,
deletion and retrieval anomalies.
 Network model does not has any insertion, updation,
deletion and retrieval anomalies. But, it is complex and
difficult to implement.
 Relations model again does not has any insertion,
updation, deletion and retrieval anomalies. But, it is very
simple and easy to implement, that why relational model
is very among all these models.
 So, the winner is Relational Model.

Simplified Approach To DBMS


By Parteek Bhatia
References

Simplified Approach to DBMS


By
Parteek Bhatia, Kalyani Publisher

Simplified Approach To DBMS


By Parteek Bhatia

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