3. Adaptations in Animal Do you find this picture strange and funny? What is wrong with the picture? Everything seems to be in the wrong place. Discuss in lass. Like plants, animals too live in different kinds of environment. Animals also show some adaptations to survive in their habitats. Based on where they live, animals are classified as follows: (aquatic animals (animals living in water) (2)terrestrial animals (animals living on land) (3) amphibians (animals that live both on land and in water) (4)aerial animals (animals that can fly) Aquatic Animals We find many animals living in water bodies such as ponds, lakes, streams, and seas. Animals that live in water are called aquatic animals. Examples: fish, crabs, starfish, and whales ; ce } ssreamined:broadin e themida and narrow at | Adaptation \ both ends ikea boat —/ ae 1. Most aquatic animals have a streamlined body, which helps them to move quickly and easily in water.2. Different aquatic animals have different locomotor organs. Fish have B= fins to help in movement. Hydra have tentacles. Starfish have tube feet, and ducks have webbed feet 3. Fish breathe through gills. Whales and dolphins breathe through lungs. 4. The soft bodies of fish are protected by scales. Terrestrial Animals Animals that live on land are called terrestrial animals Examples: lions, tigers, buffaloes, dogs, kangaroos, polar bears, camels Animals such as buffaloes have horns on their head to protect themselves from their enemies. Animals such as tortoise have a hard covering called a shell for protection. Some animals live in places such as cold polar regions and hot desert regions, with extreme conditions of temperature. These animals have some special adaptations to survive in such extreme conditions. Animals living in polar regions Animals such as polar bear, reindeer, musk ox, arctic fox, and ptarmigan live in polar regions. Animals living in snow-covered regions such as the Arctic and the Antarctic show the following adaptations to survive in the cold environment. polar bear reindeer Adaptation 1. The body of animals living in the polar regions is covered with long, thick fur. This keeps the animal warm. 2. The bodies of birds such as ptarmigans and penguins are covered with thick and dense feathers. . During winter, animals such as bears go into caves and hibernate.Animals living in deserts Animals such as camels and desert rabbits live in the deserts. They have special adaptations that allow them to survive the hot and dry conditions of the desert. Animals living in the desert can survive with very little water. Adaptation 1. Desert animals generally have thick skin to protect themselves from extreme climatic conditions (hot days and cold nights) 2. Some animals live in burrows to escape from the heat of the sun (for example, desert rats/ kangaroo rats and desert lizards). 3. Camels have the following special features as adaptations: @> They have bushy eyebrows and two rows of eyelashes, which prevent sand from entering their eyes. © They store fat in their humps, which gets converted to energy when camels do not get any food. © They have padded feet so that they can walk easily on sand without their feet sinking into it. ‘camel ‘© They can drink plenty of water in one go, and store the extra water in their body, and survive for a long time without drinking water. Amphibians Animals that are adapted to live both in water and on land are called amphibians. o Examples: frogs, salamanders, and caecilians Amphibians breathe through lungs, skin, and gills Adaptation 1. Amphibians use their limbs for movement both in water and on land. Short front legs keep the front part of the animal’s body off the ground and longer hind legs allow it to jump with ease. Webbed feet help amphibians to swim in water. frog2. Amphibians breathe through lungs on land and through the skin or gils in water. Breathing’ W through the skin is called cutaneous breathing 3. Apart from their regular eyelids, some amphibians such as frogs have a transparent third eyelid called nictitating membrane. This third eyelid prevents water from entering into their eyes and allows them to see underwater. Aerial Animals Animals that can fly are called aerial animals or birds. Examples: crows, pigeons, sparrows, parrots, eagles, woodpeckers, and so an Birds are adapted to live both in air and on land. = parrot Pigeon Adaptation 1. All birds have beaks. The beak is an adaptation to suit the feeding habits of birds. 2. Birds have hollow bones and light, boat-shaped bodies to help them fly in the air. 3. Theirwings have strong muscles to help them fy. 4, The body of birds is covered by three types of feathers: soft down feathers that keep them warm, flight feathers that help them fly, and tail feathers that help them control the direction of fight. Camouflage Camouflage isa special kind of adaptation in which an animal's colour or shape matches its surroundings. This ability to change colour helpsan animal to hide from its enemies. The simplest camouflage is when an animal changes into a colour similar to its surroundings. © Chameleons have the ability to change their body colour to match that of their surroundings. chameleon @ Animals such as polar bears have skin or fur that matches the colour of their surroundings. ‘The white-coloured fur of a polar bear hides it wel in its surroundings of snow and ice.Choose the corract answer. 1. Salamanders a/en . {emphibian/equetic animal/terrestrial animal/bird), 2. Amphibians breathe through a= (skin/lungs/gills/nose) on land. 2 (Aerial/Aquatic/Terrestrial/Farm) animals have hollow bones. aA 1» (chameleon/polar bear/crow/rabbit) has skin or fur that matches the| colour of its surroundings. [=I co Adaptations in Animals —,—_—_ aquatic amphibians camouflage a terrestrial p aerial 8 animals ‘ animals animals * movement— animals | Wey living in polar hollow bones, boat- ae regions shaped bodies, tentecles tub | different types of entacles, tube , feathers feet, webbed feet thick fur, « breathing— hibernation» movement—limbs, gille,ungs webbed feet * breathing—lungs, animals living oe ineseres moist skin, gills, thick skin, ability to live on very little water camels—bushy eyebrows and eyelashes, padded feet, fatin their humps1. Match the following. ge Column A Column B (a) fins ( (b) polar region (2) A (©) hump (3) = 5 3 a (d) hollow bones (4) (©) camouflage (5) e 2. Choose the corract answor and fill in the blanks. @> EJ (a) Dolphins live (1) on land (2) in water (3) both on land and in water (4) on trees(b) Animals that live in cold places hibernate during the... W (1) summer (2) monsoon (3) winter (4) rains (0) Te soensnrnnnnnnnnnneenmnen lives in a burrow t0 escape from the hot sun. (1)kangaroo rat_—_(2) frog Q)camel (4) ptarmigan (d) ... store fat in their humps. (1) Donkeys (2)Polarbears (3) Camels (4) Reindeer (e)_ Animals that can fly are called (1)amphibians (2) aerial animals (3) terrestrial animals (4) aquatic animals 3. Answer the following questions. gg (a) Whatare aquatic animals? (b) Write any one adaptation shown by aquatic animals. (©) Name any two animals that live in polar regions. (d) Mention any two adaptations of amphibians. (2) Whatis camouflage? ERQUICM | $F? comx Form groups and collect pictures of different kinds of birds. Observe and make a note of their features such as beak, wings, legs, and colour. A Value for Life i@ @OnYA Imagine what would happen if you did not have a home. Where would you live? What would you do whenit is hot, or cold, or raining? Discuss in class. Ahabitat is the natural home of an animal. What will happen to animals if their habitats are destroyed? “Think of some ways by which the habitats of animals can be protected. One has been done for you. 1. by not cutting down treespl | = 1. Read these sentences and answer the questions that follow: Acamel can close its nostrils. Acamel has thick patches of skin on its knees. How are these adaptations useful to the camel? (Hint: Think of the windy and hot weather conditions in the desert.) 2. Form groups and collect pictures of different types of animals. Note down their physical characteristics. Find out their habitats and see whether they have any specific adaptations Make charts by pasting pictures of animals, classifying them according to their habitats, labelling them, and listing out their adaptations. With the chart and relevant notes, each group can make a presentation in the class. ER «soon The class can help the teacher arrange fora colourful slide show on the special characteristics/ adaptations of animals.Choose the correct answer from the following. ge 1. Annual plants have a lifespan of. (a) one year (b) two years (©) one month Plants give out during respiration (a) oxygen (b) water (©) water vapour is completely submerged in water. (a) Lotus (b) Hydrilla (©) Rose Prickly pearis a (a)hydrophyte —(b) xerophyte——_(c) aquatic plant has webbed fet. (a) Starfish (b) Duck (©) Hydra Breathing through the skin is called breathing. (a)cutaneous _(b) external (6) regular Coniferous trees produce instead of flowers. (a) cones (b) fruits (©) milk ‘Animals cannot prepare their own food hence are called (a)consumers __(b) producers (©) dependent (d) more than two years (d) carbon dioxide (d) Water hyacinth (d) coniferous tree (d) Turtle (d) normal (d) oil (d) reliant