Imagine a land blessed by the golden hand of history,

Wayanad
shrouded in the timeless mists of mystery, and flawlessly
adorned in nature’s everlasting splendor.
Wayanad, with her enchanting vistas and captivating

Way beyond… secrets, is a land without equal. And in her embrace you
will discover something way beyond anything
you have ever encountered.

02 03
 Index
Over the hills and far away…....... 06
Footprints in the sands of time… 12
Two eyes on the horizon…........... 44
Untamed and untouched…........... 64
The land and its people…............. 76

04 05
 Over the
hills and W
ayanad is a district located in the north- east of the
Indian state of Kerala, in the southernmost tip of the
Deccan Plateau. The literal translation of “Wayanad” is
“Wayal-nad” or “The Land of Paddy Fields”. It is well known for

far away…
its dense virgin forests, majestic hills, flourishing plantations
and a long standing spice trade. Wayanad’s cool highland
climate is often accompanied by sudden outbursts of
torrential rain and rousing mists that blanket the landscape.
It is set high on the majestic Western Ghats with altitudes
ranging from 700 to 2100 m.

Lakkidi View Point

06 07
 Wayanad also played a prominent role district and North Wayanad remained The primary access to Wayanad is the
Thamarassery Churam
(Ghat Pass) in the history of the subcontinent. It with Kannur. By amalgamating North infamous Thamarassery Churam, which
is often called the spice garden of the Wayanad and South Wayanad, the is a formidable experience in itself. The
south, the land of paddy fields, and present Wayanad district came into official name of this highland passage is
the home of the monsoons. Wayanad being on the 1st November 1980. NH 212, but it is the folk name that has
is also known for its indigenous tribal Wayanad is landlocked by the Calicut, stood the test of time. The drive includes
population. The tribes of Wayanad have Mallapuram and Kannur districts 9 hairpin bends, sandwiched between a
inhabited its forests for thousands of of Kerala, the Kodagu, Mysore and scenic mix of highland forests, misty
years, and some of their traditions live Chamarajanagar districts of Karnataka, peaks, streams and waterfalls. The road
on to this day. and the Nilgiris district of Tamil Nadu. leads us directly to Lakkidi, the Gateway
The district is centered upon three to Wayanad, and one of the highest
When the state of Kerala came into
major towns: Mananthavady, Sulthan locations in the district.
being in 1956, Wayanad was a part
Bathery and the district headquarters,
of the Kannur district. Later in 1957,
Kalpetta.
South Wayanad was added to Kozhikode

District of Wayanad and its borders

08 09
 Wayal-Nad
The land of paddy fields
Paddy is cultivated in Wayanad’s plains where the soil and climate is perfect for its growth.
Paddy fields are called “Wayals” in Malayalam, and thus the name Wayal-nad.

10 11
 Footprints
in the sands W
ayanad’s rich history stretches back to the Neolithic
Age, with the Edakkal Caves being one of the earliest
signs of human settlement to be discovered. There
are signs of an organized human civilization here that existed

of time…
centuries before the coming of Christ. Even though very little
is known about these ancient settlers, the cave paintings at
Edakkal, the burial sites discovered around the caves, and the
ancient earthenware found within are a definite proof of their
existence.

Edakkal Caves, Ambalavayal

12 13
 T
he region is home to some of the oldest temples in
India, and has been influenced by many cultures and
religions. Wayanad also played a pivotal role in the
worldwide spice trade. In fact it was the legendary spice
gardens of Wayanad that prompted the European powers
to establish direct sea routes to India. Many a war has been
fought for dominion over this lucrative trade. Even now
the best pepper in the world comes from Wayanad’s green
slopes.
Wayanad was one of the first regions to actively rise up
in defiance against the East India Company. Kerala Varma
Pazhassi Raja, called the Lion of Kerala, was one of the
earliest freedom fighters of India. He rallied the local lords
and tribes against the British, and engaged them in a
guerilla war in the forests of Wayanad. Even though he was
ultimately killed by the British in 1805, he is still revered for
his bravery and ingenuity in battle.

Pazhassi Raja Memorial,

Maavilanthodu

14 15
 Rock shelters
and ancient
secrets…
L
ocated at about 1200 ft above the sea level, the Edakkal Caves are
among the oldest human settlements ever discovered. Inside the
caves are pictorial drawings and engravings that indicate the presence
of ancient human settlements in the region.
Despite their name, the Edakkal Caves are not precisely caves. They are
part of a pre historic rock shelter, formed naturally when one huge boulder
got wedged between two bigger ones. The name Edakkal itself means
“a stone in between”.
The Edakkal cave paintings are remarkable in their sheer scale and
complexity, but their origins are shrouded in mystery. Ever since their
discovery in 1895, they have been a source of awe and wonder for tourists
and historians alike.

Ancient carvings at
Edakkal Caves,
Ambalavayal

16 17
 Muniyaras or ancient burial sites

T
he engravings are abundant and of The oldest among them date back to 6000
great variety. Human figures, animals, B.C, to the age of Stone Age man.
tools, vehicles, day to day occurrences
The engravings are not the only attractions
and even five different language scripts
at Edakkal. The Muniyaras, or ancient burial
have been discovered. But no one is really
sites that have been discovered in these
sure who was responsible for them or
hills have yielded a rich collection of ancient
what exactly they were trying to convey.
earthenware and pottery. Most of the
The diversity of the engravings suggests Fact: The Edakkal Caves were discovered
artifacts discovered here are now housed in
that the Edakkal Caves were inhabited
the Wayanad Heritage Museum.
in 1895 by the then Superintendent of
several times at different points in history. Police of Malabar District, Fred Fawcett.
He was on a hunting trip when he
happened to find a Neolithic stone axe,
which led to the discovery of Edakkal.
Engravings (symbols and languages),
Edakkal Caves

18 19
 Vines that
moved nations…
I
n its day, the spice trade was the world’s biggest
industry: it established and destroyed empires, led
to the discovery of new continents, and in many ways
helped lay the foundation for the modern world. From
the Indian perspective, it brought in traders and invaders
alike – century after century.

20 21
 Misty mornings at tea estates Cardamom Plantations

Wayanad’s cool climate and its double by telling fantastic tales about fighting off more valuable than the gold. But it was not
monsoons were perfect for spices like fierce winged creatures to reach spices to last for long and by the 1580s, Venice was
pepper, cardamom and ginger. These growing high on cliff walls. increasing its pepper imports rapidly at the
spices were usually traded from the nearby expense of Portugal. By the 17th century,
After Vasco da Gama successfully discovered
ports controlled by the Zamorin of Calicut. the trade came into the hands of the Dutch,
the route to India via the Cape of Good Hope
Between the 7th and 15th centuries, Arab who held it zealously till the British took
in 1498, Portugal gained a monopoly on
merchants supplied Indian spices to the over. The struggle between the Western
the spice trade that served it wonderfully
West, but took care to keep their source a European powers of France, Spain, Portugal,
for some time. During the 16th century,
closely guarded secret. They would create a Great Britain and Holland for control over the
over half of the revenues of the Portuguese
sense of mystery by withholding the origins spice trade endured over three centuries.
government came from Western African
of their wares, and would ensure high prices
gold and Indian spices, with the spices being

Assorted Spices

22 23
 Relics and
heirlooms…
T
he Heritage Museum at Ambalavayal houses one
of the richest collections of historic artifacts in
Wayanad. The museum is one of the best and most
well maintained in Kerala, with exhibits that were sourced
almost exclusively from Wayanad. It explores Wayanad’s
ancient history and culture, as well as its tribal population
and their customs.

24 25
 The museum houses several galleries, each spears and other primitive weapons. The
portraying significant slices of Wayanad’s men who proved their valour by killing the
rich history. The first section called the animals were forever immortalised with
Veerasmruthi or “The Hero’s Tribute” is a a hero stone, on which their names and
collection of what is called Heroes Stones or physical likenesses were engraved. This
Veerakallu that were found in the forests of was considered to be a huge honour and a
Wayanad. They are the remnants of a deadly symbol of social standing in those times.
and heroic tradition of tiger and leopard
Devasmruthi is dedicated to the gods and
hunting that existed in Wayanad almost a
deities of Wayanad’s past. The sculptures
thousand years ago.
are mostly of Hindu and Jain origin. Some
The fearsome beasts were first isolated of them show influences from the powerful
and then engaged in direct combat using Vijayanagara Empire, particularly a 14th

century idol of Lord Sree Rama, which was

recovered from a pond. Once worshipped
and glorified, these sculptures now sit
unadorned in these halls, their faithful Artefacts from Devasmriti Section Hero Stones or Veerakallu
devotees now just a memory.
The Gothrsmrithi section houses exhibits Jeevasmrithi showcases artifacts from
from Wayanad’s tribal past. They are items Wayanad’s agrarian, pastoral and forest
associated with the day to day life and dwelling history. The tribes of Wayanad
activities of the tribal clans. These include depended on the forests for their needs, and
woven baskets and containers; nets used thus mastered the techniques required to
for trapping birds, and even blow guns to extract the natural resources they needed.
catch fish. Though most of these items In fact honey gathering is still practiced by
have become obsolete, some of them still some tribes. Wayanad has a rich pastoral
have a presence among Wayanad’s local history and is currently the only district in
community. Kerala with surplus milk supply.

Artefacts at Wayanad Heritage Museum,

• Musical Instruments
Ambalavayal • Baskets

26 27
 Tipu Sultan &
The British Invasion
W
ayanad was under Tipu Sultan’s British troops withdrew from Wayanad,
rule when the British invasion conceding to Tipu’s rule. In 1799, after the
started. This was a turbulent Fourth Anglo-Mysore War and the fall of the
time in Wayanad’s history. After defeating Sultan, the British handed over Wayanad by
the Sultan in the Third Anglo-Mysore War, the treaty of 1799 to the Raja of Mysore.
the British claimed Wayanad under the But by a supplementary treaty dated 29
Treaty of Srirangapatnam, citing it was part December 1803, the East India Company
of Malabar. But Tipu Sultan made an appeal repossessed South Wayanad and the region
before the Governor General. Considering was thereafter administrated by Col. Arthur
his arguments, relying on the successive Wellesley, from his seat at Srirangapatnam.
Karnatic rule for centuries in Wayanad and
its geographical detachment from Malabar,
in 1798, Governor General Lord Mornington
declared by proclamation that Wayanad had
not been ceded to the East India Company
by the treaty of 1792. Consequently the

28 29
 The Lionof Kerala
E
ven though the Sepoy Rebellion of 1857 is down one by one, Pazhassi’s power waned. All
widely regarded as the first open offensive his estates and properties were confiscated.
against British rule, Pazhassi’s wars for Finally on November 30th 1805, he was
Wayanad predate those events. Pazhassi Raja surrounded by the British Army and shot
was the king of the Kottayam Royal family, and dead. He was later cremated with customary
he was ready to fight for the land he claimed honours.
was his birthright.
The Pazhassi Raja Memorial at Mavilamthodu is
He refused to collect the taxes demanded by located at the spot where the king ultimately
the British, and even threatened to cut down met his demise. An 11 foot hight statue of
every pepper wine in Wayanad if the British Pazhassi Raja was constructed in memory of
persisted with their policies. Angered by his his bold defiance against the British forces, for
audacity, they tried to arrest him at his own which he was ultimately killed on November
palace, but by then Pazhassi had escaped 30, 1805. The memorial also has a recreational
to the dense forests of Wayanad where he park and a library.
prepared to make his stand.
With the death of their king, the remaining
Pazhassi used the unpopularity of the British leaders of the rebellion either committed
rule against them and rallied the Nairs and the suicide or left the country altogether. Thus
tribes of Wayanad to his cause. Apart from Wayanad fell into the hands of the British, and
being fearsome warriors, the tribal clans also the rebellion finally came to an end.
knew their own land better than anyone else,
giving them an advantage in Pazhassi’s brand
of guerrilla warfare.
Pazhassi started winning more battles with
his swords, spears and highly skilled archers,
and even started capturing British forts. By
this time the British had realised the threat he
posed to their interests and started launching
stronger offensives against him.
They cut him off from his supporters, severely
punishing anyone who remotely aided his
cause. With his allies and generals hunted
Veera Kerala Varma Pazhassi Raja
Pazhassi Raja Memorial, Maavilanthodu

30 31
 A hero’s last stand… • Art work of Veera Kerala Varma Pazhassi Raja at the Tomb
• Exhibits at the underground Museum

Pazhassi Raja Tomb, Mananthavady

T
he Pazhassi Raja tomb was built in Underneath the tomb is a museum which
memory of Kerala Varma Pazhassi contains Pazhassi Raja’s sword and other
Raja, who was known as the Lion of information about the cultural history of
Kerala. The tomb was constructed in the Kerala. Some of his possessions such as
place where his body was cremated, and is mural paintings, ancient coins, models
situated in Mananthavady. Pazhassi Raja was of temples, and umbrella stones are
an heir of the Kottayam royal family and was housed in this museum. The memorial is
one of the earliest people to have revolted managed by the Kerala State Archaeology
against the East India Company. The Pulpally Department.
Cave where Pazhassi Raja took refuge during
the war lies near the tomb.

Art work on the Tomb depicting the guerilla war fare Exhibits at the underground Museum

32 33
 Haunting tales
and vengeful spirits…
T
he Chain Tree located in Lakkidi, is Back in those days, the way to Lakkidi was The story goes on to say that this area became the haunt
a popular source of intrigue among a secret route into Wayanad, known only for Karinthandan’s vengeful spirit. After several disturbing
the tourists and locals, thanks to a to the local tribesmen. The British wanted incidents, a ritual was conducted, and his spirit was
curious story about its origins. It is a story to seek out a passage to Wayanad, and it bound to a chain. This chain was tied to a Ficus tree, and
that can be traced back to the Colonial era, was Karinthandan who provided them with there are claims that the chain is apparently growing along
to a time when a relatively young East India this knowledge. But once they had what with the tree. The Chain tree has since become a shrine to
Company was exerting its growing influence. they came for, they executed him in an area Karinthandan and his memory. He is considered to be the
The local legend speaks of Karinthandan, a that was previously used for ritual animal first martyr of Wayanad and rituals are conducted in his
member of the Panniya tribe of Wayanad. sacrifice. honour every year.

Chain Tree, Lakkidi Sketch of Karinthandan

34 35
 Abode of the gods…
T
he ancient Hindu temple of Thirunelly sits in architecture incorporates 30 granite pillars, and an
a picturesque valley, surrounded by dense aqueduct.
forests and mountains. It is known as “Dakhin The holy mountain stream, Papanassini, is located
Kashi” or the “Varanasi of the South”. Legend has close to the temple, and is said to wash away the
it that the shrine was built by Lord Brahma (The sins of a lifetime. The Shiva Temple at Thrishillery is
Creator) to please Lord Vishnu (The Preserver). The intrinsically linked with Thirunelly. In fact, holy rituals
temple is dedicated to Lord Vishnu, and believed performed at Thirunelly are considered complete
to be over a thousand years old. The ancient only after an offering is made at Thrishillery.

Devotees performing rituals at Papanassini

• Stone pillars at Thirunelly Temple• Top view of the temple Thrishilery Temple

36 37
 Valliyoorkavu is an ancient temple dedicated
to the Goddess Durga. It is situated 3 kms
east of of Mananthavady and is believed to be
a shrine for nature’s spirits. There are three
shrines here for the “Vana Durga” (Goddess
of the Forest), “Jala Durga” (Goddess of the
Waters) and the Goddess Kali. The 14 day
annual festival held here is the most popular
festival in Wayanad. People from all parts of
the district and from neighboring districts
pour in to take part. It is especially important
to the indigenous tribes of Wayanad. Their
music, dance and other art forms are the
festival’s major attractions.

Festival at Valliyoorkavu Temple

The Seetha Lava Kusha Temple temple was

built by Pazhassi Raja and is dedicated to
Goddess Sita and her twin sons Lava and
Kusha. It is an important location in the
Hindu epic of Ramayana, as it is believed that
Sita Devi lived here with her sons after being
banished by Lord Rama. The temple also has
the largest temple pond in Kerala.

Seetha Lava Kusha

Valliyoorkavu Temple near Mananthavady Temple, Pulpally

38 39
 Korome Mosque
The 300 year old Varambetta Mosque is one of
the oldest mosques in Wayanad. The interior
Pallikunnu Church near Thariyode
of the mosque is built in typical Islamic style
and it presents the architectural relics of the
town. It is known for its annual celebration
Apart from Hindu temples, Wayanad also has held in the month of March on quite a grand
many churches and mosques thanks to a scale. It is located nearly 15 kilometers from
significant Christian and Muslim population. Kalpetta. The mosque remains open to all
The Palikunnu Church was built in 1908 by a tourists. The Korome Mosque is seen as a
French priest Fr. Jefreno. It is a Latin Catholic symbol of Wayanad’s religious diversity and
church in the name of ‘Our Lady of Lourdes’. harmony. It is actually built in the traditional
The church is an important religious centre Hindu Nair style. The colors of the dome, the
for Christians in northern Kerala. wood carvings, steps leading to the different
sections of the mosque, and the miniature
garden all hold similarities to ancient temple
architecture. The best time to visit the
mosque is during the annual Uroos festival
when its sacred doors are open for all.

Pallikunnu Church Varambetta Mosque

40 41
 Jain Temple, Sulthan Bathery Ancient Jain Temple Ruins, Panamaram

The Jain Influence… Empire. The temple has played the role of a shrine,
a centre of commerce and for a time, it was even
used as Tipu Sultan’s ammunition store. In fact,

J
ainism has had a major influence on coffee from Wayanad has become renowned the town of Sulthan Bathery (Sultan’s Battery) is
Wayanad’s history. The Jains, who world over. named after this temple.
migrated from Karnataka, quickly
There are many Jain temples here, and The ruined Panamaram temple was an ancient
integrated themselves into Wayanad’s
Wayanad is still a major centre for Jainism religious center for Jains in Wayanad. Though
culture. It was in fact the Jain community
in Kerala. severely damaged, the temple has some
that brought plantation farming to Wayanad.
The Jain Temple in Sulthan Bathery, built examples of the excellent stone sculpturing
As ploughing and tilling of land was against
in the 13th century is one of the most tradition established in the olden times. Other
their religious beliefs, the Jains turned
important Jain temples in Kerala. The small constructions can also be found around this
to another type of farming. They realised
architecture here was heavily influenced temple. The partly ruined temple and the rather
that the climate of Wayanad was perfect
by the style of the then ruling Vijayanagara derelict area, exudes a peculiar sense of mystery.
for crops like tea and coffee. Today, tea and
Jain Temple, Varadoor

42 43
 Two eyes on
the horizon…

W
ayanad has become a much beloved tourist destination thanks to its rustic charm and
natural beauty. Apart from the scenic drives and the green rolling hills, Wayanad’s lakes,
waterfalls and mountain streams make for ideal picnic spots. Wayanad is therefore a
must visit for any traveler with a soft spot for nature and her artistry.

Wayanad has a relatively cool climate with a mean temperature of 19 to 32 degree Celsius. Humidity
levels are usually quite high throughout the year. Wayanad receives some of the highest rainfall
levels in the country. Monsoon chasers have a double window with the South-West Monsoon usually
hitting Wayanad during the June-September months, and the North-West Monsoon in October-
November. The rainy seasons are the best time to visit Wayanad if you want to see the forests,
waterfalls and vegetation at their best.

44 45
 The adventure trail…
T
hanks to its diverse natural backdrop, Wayanad is a haven for adventure and
nature tourists. Wayanad’s cool highlands and riveting landscapes make it
a trekker’s paradise. Treks are usually of moderate difficulty and could take
about 1-5 hours. These treks take you through Wayanad’s most picturesque and
adventurous spots.
Camping, kayaking, rock climbing and boating are some other to explore Wayanad
to your heart’s content. Picnic spots scattered across Wayanad are another
great way to kill time with your folks, and even better for a quest of solitude and
reflection. Other activities like mountain biking, off-roading, and 4x4 jeep racing
are also actively pursued here. Recognising Wayanad’s mostly untapped potential
as a major adventure sports centre, the DTPC has set up some exciting adventure
projects like the Wayanad Adventure Camp and Priyadarshini Tea Environs.

Forest trails at
Priyadarshini Tea Environs

46 47
 Wayanad Adventure Camp is an adventure
sports location maintained by the DTPC. Lying
on the shores of the charming Karlad Lake, this
adventure camp offers a great variety of fun Tents and Kayaking at Wayanad
activities to pursue. Kayaking, rock climbing, Adventure Camp, Karlad Lake
paintball, archery, boating and land zorbing are all
part of the experience here, and it also has the
longest zipline across a lake in South India. The
camp also houses a conference hall and several
camping tents, making it a great offbeat location
for corporate trips.

Zipline and Rock Climbing at

Wayanad Adventure Camp,
Karlad Lake

48 49
 Priyadarshini Tea Environs is a tea estate, tea factory,
tea museum, forest reserve and tourist resort all
rolled into one. Established in 1984, it was one of the
first initiatives taken by the Kerala State Government
in MTPC to rehabilitate the tribal clans of the district
of Wayanad from the yesteryear evil of bonded labour.
Today, Priyadarshini is fully manned by the tribal youth
selected from the local community and trained in
International MTB event 2013 held at Priyadarshini Tea Environs, near Mananthavady. community tourism.
Apart from the natural appeal of the surrounding hills
and plantations, Priyadarshini also has its own tea
factory and museum, where you can see the tea leaves
being processed into fine tea dust. Activities include
trekking, camping, mountain biking and nature walks.
The Vishwas Point Trek, which takes you to the highest
point in Priyadarshini, is a popular trekking route.
Camping trips can also be arranged here. Priyadarshini
also has a natural pond, amphitheatre and herb gardens.
Organic farm produce is available at Priyadarshini’s
polyhouses. Tree houses and other accommodation
options are also available, along with ethnic delicacies
prepared by the friendly natives.

• Camp Site • Wildlife

• Natural Pond • Tea Factory & Tea
Musuem at Priyadarshini Tea Environs,
near Mananthavady.

50 51
 Highland
Realms…
S
tanding at 6730 feet above the sea
level, the Chembra Peak is the highest
peak in Wayanad, and one of its most
sought after trekking spots. It is part of the
Wayanad range of the Western Ghats, and is
located 8km south of Kalpetta. Trekking to
the top can take up to 2 hours. One of the
major attractions here is the heart shaped
lake located on the way to the peak. The
Chembra Peak area is also home to a wide
variety of orchids and other flowering plants,
species like babblers, cuckoos, owls,
making it a great location for a scenic nature
woodpeckers, peacocks and jungle
walk and even a natural research expedition.
fowl occupy this cave. The visitors will
Pakshipathalam or “The Valley of Birds” have to trek through the dense forest
is a birdwatcher’s paradise and a popular for about 8km to reach this cave. The
trekking route. Flocks of exotic bird place draws a significant number of
species visit this valley on a seasonal nature lovers during the summer. The
basis. One of the main attractions here is District Tourism Promotion Council can
a cave which is believed to have been used be approached to arrange vehicles
by sages in ancient times. Bats and bird and guides.

Trekking route and the famous

Heart Lake at Chembra Peak,
Meppadi

52 53
 • Cheengeri Hills
• Kaduvakuzhi
• Aaratupara

• Phantom Rock, Ambalavayal • Kolagapara Hills

W
ith its pristine ambience and lush an underground rock cavern which stretches
green foliage, the Cheengeri Hills on for many hours. Exploring Kaduvakuzhi
are popular among adventure and is possible only with proper preparation and
nature tourists. It provides an excellent equipment. The towering Phantom Rock and
view of the Karapuzha dam, and is one of its surroundings are popular among nature
the rare spots where natural sandal wood lovers and photographers. The rock formation,
can be found. Almost halfway through the which resembles a skull, is a unique example
Cheengeri trek is Kaduvakuzhi (Tiger’s Pit), of nature’s artistry. It is a great place to relax
and reflect on the beauty of the surrounding
landscape. Kolagapara and Aaratupara are
some other locations which have moderate
trekking trails through the hills. These locations
also have rock climbing opportunities for thrill
seekers. The Neelimala Viewpoint which is a
great viewpoint with a spectacular view of the
Meenmutty Waterfalls (Vaduvanchal) and the
surrounding hills is also worth a visit.

54 55
 Waters & Wetlands… T
he mighty Kabini River is a perennial east
flowing river which originates in Wayanad.
The Kabini and its three main tributaries,
the Panamaram, Thirunelli and Mananthavady
rivers, flow through
Wayanad’s plains, valleys and mountain
gorges, and are the primary water sources
here. The meeting point of Manathavady and
Panamaram Rivers, called Koodalkadavu, offers
some spectacular views, especially during the
monsoons. The inland river system has given
rise to two dam sites in the district. The Kabini
itself is a tributary of the Kaveri River, with the
two rivers joining in Karnataka.

56 57
 Wayanad is home to India’s largest earthen The Banasura Meenmutty Waterfalls located
dam, the Banasura Sagar. The dam, which close to the Banasura Sagar Dam is a
was constructed in 1979, is built across charming picnic spot that can be reached
the Karamanathodu tributary of the Kabini with a short 1 km trek. The area is also ideal
River. It is named after the Asura king for a quick nature walk.
Banasura, son of Mahabali, who is said to
have observed a severe penance in the
surrounding hills. The dam is made entirely
of massive stacks of rocks and stones, and
has become a popular tourist spot, known
for its spectacular views and boating trips.
Banasura Meenmutty Waterfalls,
Banasura Sagar Dam, Padinjarathara near Banasura Sagar Dam

58 59
 The Karapuzha Dam is an earthen dam built across
the Karapuzha River is a popular picnic spot thanks
to its calm waters and the natural beauty of its
surroundings. Boating and nature walks are some
activities to be pursued here.
The scenic Pookode Lake is a perennial freshwater
lake surrounded by green hills and evergreen
forests. It lies at an altitude of 770 mts above sea
level and is known for its boating trips, exotic birds
and blue water lilies. It is also a popular picnic spot
and a pleasing retreat for nature lovers.

Karapuzha Dam Boating at Pookode Lake

60 61
 The Kanthanpara Waterfalls is one of the Soochipara Falls, also known as Sentinel
most beautiful waterfalls in Wayanad and an Rock Waterfalls is situated in the Vellarimala
ideal picnic spot. The 30m waterfall and the of Wayanad. This waterfall is surrounded
picture perfect surroundings make it worth by evergreen forests and can be reached
a visit. Both the falls and the greenery are on foot after a short nature trek. The water
at their scenic best in the monsoon season. from Soochipara Falls later joins the Chaliyar
Kanthanpara is easily accessible by road River.
Kanthanpara
with the waterfalls a mere 100m away from
Waterfalls
the car park.

The 300 mt Meenmutty Waterfalls at

Vaduvanchal is the largest waterfall in
Wayanad. The three tiered waterfalls and
its lush green surroundings attract many
travelers. The journey to the waterfalls
involves a short hike through coffee and
ginger plantations, and is quite an enjoyable
experience.

• Soochipara Falls
(Sentinel Rock Waterfalls)
• Meenmutty Waterfalls,
Vaduvanchal
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 Untamed
& Untouched…
I
n terms of percentage of forest cover with total geographical area, Wayanad
district has the highest forest cover in Kerala with 83.3%. Wayanad’s
forests are part of the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, one of the 20 reserves
in UNESCO’S World Network of Biosphere Reserves. The region is home to
around 3000 species of flowering plants, nearly 300 species of birds, 60
species of amphibians, and 34 species of large mammals. It was the first
biosphere reserve to be established in India.
These forests are rich in plant and animal diversity, and play a crucial role
in the conservation of several rare species like the Lion tailed Macaque and
the Royal Bengal Tiger. The Wayanad Wildlife sanctuary is also part of Project
Elephant, which protects wild elephant populations, their habitats, and
migration corridors. The summer months of March-May are better suited for
outdoor activities and wildlife safaris. Animal sightings tend to be better in
summer owing to many animals migrating to the forests of Wayanad from
other reserves, in search of better water resources and prey.

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 Lying towards the north of the district of The forests constitute various forest types sightings of elephant herds, big cats,
Wayanad, the Tholpetty Wildlife Sanctuary like the tropical moist dry deciduous, panthers, tigers, langur, bonnet macaques,
harbours a rich diversity of flora. Open to patches of semi evergreen forests and bison, Sambar deer, Malabar squirrels,
wildlife jeep safari twice a day, you are bound trees and plants like the bamboo and long bears and the rare Slender Loris have been
to spot various animals and bird species in spiky bushes of ginger. Plantations of teak, reported in these forests.
their natural habitat during the two to four eucalyptus, silver oak and rosewood cover
hour journey. A lake where animals come about one third of the sanctuary. Frequent
down for a drink is a major attraction here.
Wildlife Safari, Tholpetty

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 Covered in lush greenery spread over an area
of 345 sq. ft, the Muthanga Wildlife Sanctuary
is home to a rich variety of flora and fauna.
The sanctuary connects Karnataka and Tamil
Nadu through the Bandipur and Madumalai
parks. It is quite possible to come across
elephant herds, bison, deer, peacocks,
monkeys, tigers, leopards, bears, reptiles,
butterflies, and several exotic birds.

Wildlife Safari, Muthanga

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 • River Crossing • Bamboo Rafts •
Walkways • Butterflies at Kuruva Islands

Kuruva Island or the Kuruva Dweep is The island has two entry points, one that jungle and the streams during the rainy
popular among tourists for its calm and is controlled and monitored by the Forest season. The dense forests provide shelter
serene surroundings. Spread over 950acres Department of Kerala (Pakkom entry), and for butterflies and birds, making it the ideal
of land, it takes a minimum of 3 hours to one that is operated by DTPC (Panamaram spot for bird watchers. The bamboo benches
explore this uninhabited island. Located in entry). There are bamboo rafts at both placed along the jungle tracks are a welcome
the middle of the Kabini River, it houses a the entry points to take tourists to the respite for tired legs.
vast array of rare flora and fauna. River rafts island. The island has bamboo walkways
are used to take visitors to the island. and bridges to help traverse through the

70 71
 The land
and its
people…
T
he people of Wayanad have a warm welcoming nature and share a
special bond with their land. Agriculture and tourism are the two major
professions pursued. Malayalam is the most widely used language
here, but most government and tourism officials have a working knowledge
of English and Hindi.
Even though Wayanad is the least populated district in Kerala, it has the
highest tribal population. Each tribe had its own special trade and purpose.
The Kurichiyas and Kurumas have a strong martial history, the Uralis are
primarily an artisan tribe, while the Kaatunayakans were considered the
chieftains of the jungles. Even now the tribals are experts at extracting
valuable forest resources, and their weapons, art forms and handicrafts are
major attractions for tourists. Their ethnic food recipes, like dishes made
from forest leaves, bamboo and paddy crabs, are also very much in demand.

72 73
 The people of Wayanad are skilled and is readily available. Initiatives like
craftsmen and artisans. Their age EnUru and Subiksha help promote these
old trade has been preserved and handicrafts by selling them in various
perfected over the years. Their works outlets across Wayanad.
include wood carvings, sculptures,
Apart from the tribes, Wayanad also has
pottery, furniture, forest produce, and
a religiously diverse population. Hindu,
other souvenirs. Musical instruments
Muslim, Christian and Jain populations
and hunting weapons are also made.
have all brought their own subculture
Bamboo is used extensively in their
and influences to Wayanad, making it a
crafts as it has a variety of applications,
secular, multicultural society.

• People of Wayanad • Bamboo Furniture

• Handicrafts made out of Coconut Shells

74 75
 The Tribes
of Wayanad
To know Wayanad is to know her people. The
stories they tell, the songs they sing and the
traditions they hold dear.

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 Kattunayakans Kurichyas
Kurumas
T he Kattunayakans are a forest tribe
who migrated to Wayanad from the T he Kurichyas are a prominent hill
tribe in Wayanad. They are believed
T he Kurumas are believed to be the
Uralis

Paniyas
jungles of Mysore. This tribal group is
highly dependent on the forests for
to be natives of South Kerala, and
were appointed by the Kottayam Raja
original inhabitants of Wayanad,
tracing their origins back to the two T he Uralis are an artisan tribe who
took up professions like basket
food and sustenance. They are experts to engage the Vedar Kings of Wayanad Vedar rulers, Arripan and Vedan. They weaving, pottery and carpentry. They Adiyas
T he Paniyas are the largest tribal
group in Wayanad and are quite
conspicuous in their appearance and
at gathering honey, medicinal plants
and many other forest resources.
in combat. They are skilled at archery,
and the name Kurichya is supposedly
are described as great warriors of
Wayanad’s past, but now all that
weave umbrellas using pine leaves,
and as blacksmiths, make ploughs and
T he Adiyas are the second largest
tribal group in Wayanad in terms of
Their deity is called “Masti”, who has derived from “kuri vechavan” (the remains of their once regal existence knives that they sell to other tribes.
dresses. They are supposed to have population. The ancestors of this tribe
no exclusive shrine dedicated to him, one who aims). Nowadays, they are are the ruins of their forts (Kottas). They are highly ritualistic and worship
migrated from the nearby Thamarasserry are believed to have migrated from Coorg.
but is lodged in an earthen pot and is predominantly cultivators who raise They were defeated by the Kottayam the deity Masti. Uralis are experts at
Ghats. Earlier, they inhabited the caves They usually work as field labourers and
represented by arrowroot tubers. When paddy in the wetlands. Some of them Raja, which was a huge setback for making pottery without the wheel. Their
and thick forests, but with the passage some of them were even employed as
they wish to see their deity, they open still live in joint families in a “Tharawad”, the tribal kings. Nowadays the life and language has its origin from Kannada,
of time, the agricultural communities coffee thieves in the British era. Their
the pot and sing songs to invoke his where all the relatives live together. culture of the Kurumas are tied to paddy and their songs and stories allude to
of Wayanad started using them as chieftain is called the “Moopan”. Adiyas
presence. As they are traditionally at cultivation and hunting. They are a well their origin from Karnataka.
workers in their fields. They are fond of have several colourful rituals like Gadhika,
ease with animals, some of them are organized tribal group with their own
playing music, often singing while they Marineekal and Kambalam.
now employed as elephant mahouts by rules and jurisdiction.
work, and sometimes even spending
the Forest Department.
whole nights singing and dancing to the
accompaniment of rustic instruments
like the “Thudi” and the “Kuzhal”.

• Wadhyam (Musical Instrument) • Handicrafts • Tribal Danceform

• Tribal Jewellery • Basket Weaving • Arrows • Paddy Workers & Wood Scuplture

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 Home of the Monsoons
Wayanad is presumed to be the wettest
place in Kerala, and here the strength of
the monsoon is at its fullest. Lakkidi, the

T
he double monsoons bring an abundance of rainfall to gateway to Wayanad, receives the most
Wayanad. The south west monsoon hits Wayanad during rainfall in district, at about 2300 mm.
the midsummer months, and the north east monsoon The hilly landscape reigns in the dark
usually blows over during the winter. Torrential rain, rousing rain clouds, which wets the land and
mists and the unruly wind gives Wayanad a wild glamour during creates a unique blend of biodiversity.
the monsoons. Indeed, the older generations recall
• Mushrooms • Fish
years when the monsoons brought long
• Migratory Birds
weeks of incessant rain.
The mist wrapped mountains and the Inland fishing becomes a popular
windswept plains are truly a sight to activity during the monsoon. Traditional
behold, as the clouds slowly melt into the fishing equipment like bamboo nets
streams, rivers and waterfalls. It is said are used to catch fish from the flooded
that the feast of the water goddesses rivers, streams and paddy fields. The
is at its pinnacle at Panamaram, where tribesmen of Wayanad practice more
the Panamaram River floods over than fifteen different methods of fishing
hundreds of acres of paddy fields. The using their rustic equipment.
rains bring fertility to the land, and the
wet forests bloom with numerous rare,
colourful orchids, and a diverse variety
of edible mushrooms. The monsoon
also marks the arrival of thousands
of migratory birds, like the Spot-billed
Duck, Pheasant-tailed Jacana, and the
White Ibis.

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 On the higher hilly terrains, tea, coffee
and pepper are all grown in abundance.
Harrisson Malayalam, Assam Brooke
and Podar are some of the companies
that own tea plantations in Wayanad.
Pepper, the queen of spices, is
cultivated extensively here and pepper
from Wayanad is characterized by
its strong aroma. Coffee is another
ubiquitous crop seen on the slopes of

From the hills

Wayanad. Nearly eighty percent of the
total coffee production of Kerala comes
from Wayanad. Popular brands such as

and plains… Nescafe and ITC use coffee berries from

Wayanad. Cardamom, turmeric, vanilla,
areca nut and ginger are also grown
extensively.

A
griculture in Wayanad can be
broadly divided into paddy farming
in the plains and plantation farming
in the hills. The Regional Agricultural
Research Station (RARS) at Ambalavayal
conducts research on paddy, spices, fruits
and other plants. Over 700 species of
roses and several hundred varieties of rice
have been developed here.

Multi-crop farming is a common practice

in Wayanad, as it helps promote better
utilization of space and soil. Pepper is
usually grown along with tea in the same
plantation, and it is not uncommon to
see paddy fields bordered by groves of
banana and areca nut.
• Paddy Fields • RARS • Pepper • Cardamom
• Priyadarshini Tea Environs • Coffee • Banana Plantations

82 83
 Honey Collection, Fish Curry,
Tapioca & Jackfruit

Like all part of Kerala, rice with using any chemical preservatives. The
vegetables and/or meat is the common tribal people also use the wide variety
base of Wayanadan cuisine. Wheat, of edible mushrooms available in the
in the form of chappatis or porottas forests in their diet, usually salting and
is also very common. Tapioca, sweet drying them for long term use.
potatoes and fruits like the jackfruit are
commonly used as cereal substitutes.
Steamed tubers with honey, bamboo
rice payasam, fried rock crabs with
mushrooms, bamboo puttu and coconut
rice are some popular ethnic delicacies.
Pumpkin and jackfruit are commonly
used to prepare sweet dishes like
payasam and halwa. “Chakkapuzhukku”,
a traditional dish of raw jackfruit cooked
with chilly, coconut, onion and pepper, is
a very popular delicacy here.
The Kurichya and Kuruma tribes are

Flavours from beyond… experts in processing and drying

meats using smoke. The dried meat
can then be stored for years without

W
ayanad, being part of Malabar, and Portugal. This was blended along
shares the same flavor palette with the local cuisine to give birth to a
with the cuisine of North Kerala. unique food platter. In Wayanad’s case,
The cuisine of Malabar was influenced by the presence of a tribal population also
the varied tastes and ingredients brought contributed to its distinctive style.
in by traders from Greece, Rome, Arabia,

Bamboo Puttu with Fish

84 85
 Wayanad has the unique distinction
of not actually having a town or village
called “Wayanad”. This is unlike any
other district in Kerala, which are all
named after the city or town they are
centered upon. Wayanad is centered
upon three major towns: Mananthavady,
SulthanBathery and Kalpetta.
The traditional strength of agriculture
and the more recent progress in tourism
has led to an overall development in
Wayanad. Though the rustic charm and

The advent of beauty is still ever present, the district

now boasts an Agricultural Research

modernity…
Station, a veterinarian college and an
international stadium. Wayanad has also
adopted the Responsible Tourism model
to maximize the benefits of tourism
with minimum cost to the environment.

Krishnagiri Stadium

M Townships
odern Wayanad is a mix of very popular and are fiercely contested. indicates a well entrenched Jain culture under the rule of the Kottayam Rajas
recently driven development and By spending enough time with them it in the past. This temple was later seized and later under the British. It is well
a rustic charm preserved through becomes increasingly obvious that the Situated along the National Highway by Tipu Sultan of Mysore and used as an connected to Mysore, Coorg, Thalassery
the years. Though change is inevitable, strongest bond they have is with the 212 that connects Calicut and Mysore, ammunition store. Mananthavady is the and Kozhikode via roads. Meenangadi,
the people of Wayanad always make a land that gives them plenty. is the town of Kalpetta. Nestled in the commercial centre of North Wayanad. Vythiri and Pulpally are some other
stand for the sanctity of their unique picturesque valley of the majestic It was the district headquarters important towns in Wayanad.
culture, ensuring that not everything Chembra Peak, it is the district
is compromised for the sake of headquarters of Wayanad. Most of the
development. This is one of the reasons major government offices are located
why Wayanad has retained most of its in this town. Sulthan Bathery is one of
traditional integrity, making sure that the oldest towns in the district. Earlier
its stories are not quite forgotten. The it was known as Ganapathy Vattom, as
people of Wayanad have a reputation a temple dedicated to the elephant god,
for working hard, and playing harder. Ganesha was located here. The presence
Football and tug of war tournaments are of the ancient Jain Temple in the town

• Tug of War Competition

• Civil Station, Kalpetta

86 87
 The spirit of Wayanad lies in its historical, cultural

and natural treasures. It is the home of the monsoons,

and the land of the emerald hills. An abode of age old legends

and fallen heroes, where the first vines of history, superstition and wild adventure sprouted

and took hold. Here, the dawn of civilisation burst through with its first golden rays,

and kept shining for an eternity. Wayanad, it seems, is a blessed land in many ways,

and when in Wayanad, we too can share in its blessing.

 All rights reserved. No part of this book may Contributors:
be reproduced by either written, photographic Content
or electronic means without the consent of the Suma (Swaminathan Foundation) | Hari Krishnan (Identiti) | Sarat Prakash (Identiti)
authors - District Tourism Promotional Council
(DTPC), Wayanad. Photographs
Firoz | Jayan K (Identiti) | Aji Colonia | Ashik | Shibin | Ayillian | Kannan | Rupam | Aju | Firozss
This edition is published in 2017 by District Tourism
Promotional Council (DTPC), Wayanad.

DISTRICT TOURISM PROMOTION COUNCIL (DTPC),

Civil Station, North Kalpetta, Wayanad, Kerala, 673 122
m: +91-94460 72134 t: +91-4936-202134
e: info@dtpcwayanad.com www.wayanadtourism.org

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\dtpcwayanad