Proprietory Ratio
Proprietory Ratio
While analyzing the proprietary ratio, the mean value is (67.047), Standard deviation (56.009)
and co-efficient of variation (83.537%). During the study period, the ratio shows positive result for five
ie., (2007-11) shows high degree of variation the study period. The result of the ratio exhibited in the
following chart.
2010-2011
2009-2010
2008-2009
RATIO
TOTAL ASSETS
2007-2008 SHAREHOLDERS FUND(RS)
2006-2007
50
TREND ANALYSIS FOR NET PROFIT
C YEAR PROFIT X X2 XY
3 2011-2012 809.392 0 0 0
1649.884 10 10462.661
∑y
a = .....................
1649.884
a = ............................... = 329.977
∑XY
a = ...................
∑X2
51
10462.661
a = ……………….
10
= 10462.266
Y = a+bx
= 326.977 + 10462.266
= 1376.243
= (1046.266 – 1) x 100
= 1046.266
Since the value of b is 1046.266, it is controlled that the average that the average annual growth
rate of Net profit during the study periods was found to be Rs.1046.266 in lakhs.
52
TREND ANALYSIS FOR CURRENT ASSETS
3 2011-2012 7526.711 0 0 0
24003.711 10 -16186.171
∑Y
a = ...................
24003.711
a = ......................... = 4800.472
∑XY
bx = ........................
∑X2
-16186.171
53
a = ........................
10
= -1618.617
Y = a+bx
= 3182.125
= (-1618.617 – 1) x 100
= 1618.617
Since the value of b is -1618.617, it is controlled that the average that the average annual growth
rate of current asset during the study periods was found to be Rs.-1618.617 in lakhs.
54
TREND ANALYSIS FOR CURRENT LIABILITY
3 2011-2012 1042.279 0 0 0
∑Y
a = ...................
13154.144
a = ............................ = 2630.829
∑XY
bx = .................
∑X2
-15050.149
55
a = .............................
10
= -1505.015
Y = a + bx
= 1125.814
= 1505.015
Since the value of b is -1505.015, it is controlled that the average that the average annual growth
rate of current liability during the study periods was found to be Rs. -1505.015 in lakhs.
Comparative study of financial statement is the comparison of the financial statement of the
business with the previous year's financial statements and with the performance of other
competitive enterprises, so that weaknesses may be identified and remedial measures applied.
Comparative statements can be prepared for both types of financial statements i.e., Balance sheet
as well as profit and loss account.
56
The comparative profits and loss account will present a review of operating activities of the
business. The comparative balance shows the effect of operations on the assets and liabilities that
change in the financial position during the period under consideration
Comparative analysis is the study of trend of the same items and computed items into or more
financial statement of the same business enterprise on different dates. The presentation of
comparative financial statements, in annual and other reports.
Enhances the usefulness of such report and brings out more clearly the nature and trends of
current changes affecting the enterprise. While the single balance sheet represents balances of
accounts drawn at the end of an accounting period, the comparative balance sheet represent not
nearly the balance of accounts drawn on two different dates, but also the extent of their increase
or decrease between these two dates.
The single balance sheet focuses on the financial status of the concern as on a particular date,
the comparative balance sheet focuses on the changes that have taken place in one accounting
periods. The changes are the direct outcome of operational activities, conversion of assets,
liabilities and capital from into others as well as various interaction among assets, liabilities and
capital.
57
SHEET AS ON MARCH 2009-2010
TABLE.NO:1.11
Lo funds:
Secure loan
446.53 383.25 -63.28 14.171
Application of funds:
58
THE TABLE SHOWING ANALYSIS OF COMPARITIVE BALANCE SHEET
AS ON MARCH 2010-2011
TABLE.NO:1.12
Sources of funds:
59
THE TABLE SHOWING ANALYSIS OF COMPARITIVE BALANCE SHEET
AS ON MARCH 2011-12
TABLE.NO:1.13
Sources of funds:
60
THE TABLE SHOWING ANALYSIS OF COMPARITIVE BALANCE SHEET AS ON
MARCH 2012-2013
TABLE.NO:1.14
% Increase/ % increase/
2012 2013
Particulars Decrease Decrease
Sources of funds:
TREND ANALYSIS
61
The comparative and common size statements suffer from a major limitation e.,
absence of a basic standard to indicate whether the proportion of an item is normal or abnormal.
Trend analysis overcomes this limitation. This method is also an important and useful technique
off financial statement analysis. The calculation of trend ratio involves the ascertainment of
arithmetical relationship which each item of several years to the same item of base year. Thus,
one particular year out of many years is taken as base. The value of one particular item out of
many years is taken as base. The value of one particular item out of several items shown in the
financial statements are converted into ratio or percentage taking of that item in base year as
equal.
Procedures for trend analysis build on those in previous chapters on regression and
hypothesis testing. The explanatory variable of interest is usually time, though spatial or
directional trends (such as downstream order or distance downdip) may also be investigated.
Tests for trend have been of keen interest in environmental sciences over the last 10-15 years.
Detection of both sudden and gradual trends over time with and without adjustment for the
effects of confounding variables have been employed. In this chapter the various tests are
classified, and their strengths and weaknesses compared.
62
TABLE.NO:1.15
63
COMMON SIZE STATEMENTS
Financial statements when read with absolute figures are not easily understandable. They
are even misleading. Each item of assets is converted into Percentage to total assets and each
item of capital and liabilities is expressed to total liabilities and capital fund. Thus the whole
balance sheet is converted into percentage form. Such converted balance sheet is known as
common size balance sheet. Thus the whole balance sheet is converted into percentage form.
Such converted balance sheet is known as common size balance sheet when balance sheet of the
same concern for several years or when balance sheet of two or more than two concerns for the
same year are converted into percentage form and presented as such, they are known as
comparative common size balance sheet.
64
Particulars 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Sources of funds:
Loan funds:
Application of
funds:
Net current
asset:
65
TABLE.NO:1.16
BUDGET
Production budget
Generally, the production budget is built up in terms of quantities and money. The
66
Quantities are entered at the beginning and, when the remainder of the budget have been built up
and the cost of production calculated, the costs are entered to compile a production cost budget.
In preparing the production budget, consideration should be given to the following:
Principal budget factor, e.g., if sales be the budget factor then it should be the sales
budget, otherwise other budgets.
Production planning and determination of optimum factory capacity.
The opening stocks and stocks required to be carried at the end of the period.
The policy of the management regarding manufacture or purchase of components.
Products
Manufacturing departments
Months, quarters, etc.
Like other control methods, budgets have the potential to help organizations and their
members reach their goals. Budget control offers several advantages to managers. Some of
these are:
67
Budgets translate strategic plans into action. They specify the resources, revenues, and
activities required to carry out the strategic plan for the coming year.
Budgets provide an excellent record of organizational activities.
Budgets improve communication with employees.
Budgets improve resources allocation, because all requests are clarified and justified.
Budgets provide a tool for corrective action through reallocations.
However, budgets control can also create problems. The disadvantages of budgets are:
The major problem occurs when budgets are applied mechanically and rigidly.
Budgets can demotivate employees because of lack of participation. If the budgets are
arbitrarily imposed top down, employees will not understand the reason for budgeted
expenditures, and will not be committed to them.
Budgets can cause perceptions of unfairness.
Budgets can create competition for resources and politics.
A rigid budget structure reduces initiative and innovation at lower levels, making it
impossible to obtain money for new ideas.
These dysfunctional aspects of budgets systems may interfere with the attainment of the
organization's goals. One generally accepted guideline for effective budgeting is to establish
goals that are difficult but attainable.
Therefore, skilled managers who understand budgets and how to use them have a
powerful control tool with which to attain departmental and organizational goals.
Types of Budgets
There are many types of budgets. They may be classified into several basic types. Most
organizations develop and make use of three different types of budgets: operating budgets,
capital expenditures budgets, and financial budgets.
68
Operating Budgets
An operating budget is a statement that presents the financial plan for each responsibility
centre during the budget period and reflects operating activities involving revenues and
expenses. The most common types of operating budgets are expense, revenue, and profit
budgets.
Financial Budgets
Financial Budgets outline how an organization is going to acquire its cash and how it
intends to use the cash. Three important financial budgets are the cash budget, capital
expenditure budget and the balance sheet budget.
Variable Budgets
Because of the dangers arising from inflexibility in budgets and because of maximum
flexibility consistent with efficiency underlines good planning, attention has been increasingly
given to variable or flexible budgets. To deal with this difficulty, many managers resort to a
variable budget.
Zero-Base Budgets
Zero-base budgeting (ZBB), in contrast, enables the organization to look at its activities
and priorities a fresh. Zero-base budgeting assumes that the previous year's budget is not a valid
base from which to work. It forces department managers to thoroughly examine their operations
and justify their departments activities based on their direct to the achievement of
organizational goal
PRODUCTION BUDGET
TABLE.NO:1.17
69
Sales 785.24 1147.32 1255.69 1533.45
70
PROFIT(RS) ASSETS(RS)
-21.965
Total Assets
Mean = -4.393
SD = 11.4014
CV% = 250.717
INTERPRETATION
By analyzing the return on total assets ratio. The mean value of the ratio is (-43/518), standard
deviation (11/014) and co-efficient of variation (-250/717%) during the study period, the ratio shows
positive result for three years ie., For the year(2009/11) it shows high degree of co-efficient of variation.
71
It indicates wider variation in its value during the study period. The result of the ratio exhibited in the
following chart.
-1135.622
Capital Employed
Mean = -227.124
SD = 363.33
72
CV% = -31.994
INTERPRETATION
The above analysis the return on capital employed ratio, the mean value of the ratio is (-
227/124), standard deviation (363/33) and co-efficient of variation is (-31.9943%). It is observed from co-
efficient of variation in return on capital employed ratio shows wider variation. In the 2009 the return on
capital employed ratio is 9,130, which is very lower and 2001 it is 928.915 which is higher. The reason
for this lower ratio is due to installation of additional capacity, which affects production. In the year 2007
and 2008 the ratio shows negative due to loss of the company. The result of the ratio exhibited in the
following chart.
73
2011-2012 809.392 459.4 176.185
TOTAL -217.588
Mean = -43.518
SD = 245.515
CV% = -564.169
INTERPRETATION
While analyzing the return on share holders equity ratio, the mean value of the ratio is (-43.518).
Standard deviation (245.515) and co-efficient of variation is (-564.169%) during the study period, the
ratio shows positive high degree of co-efficient of variation. If indicates wider variation in its value
during the study period. The result of ratio exhibited in the following chart.
74
FINDINGS
The firm is liquid and has the ability to pay it current obligations in time as and when
they become due. The current ratio of the company is satisfactory.
The company has efficiently uses their working capital .In the year 2011-2012 the ratio
comes down when compared to the previous year.
The gross profit of the company increases. This is due to their high earnings of profit
75
corresponding to their sales made.
The company has made better sales and gained a profit. The company shows a good
profit ratio when compared to other years
The operating expenses ratio of the company increases. This is due to the increase in the
factory expenses.
The financial expenses ratio of the company deceases. This is due to the decrease
in the factory expenses.
The debt equity ratio of the company decreases. This is due to when the
Company is maintaining a constant position in its capital structure.
The proprietary equity ratio is below the standard norms. It is because of the
Decrease in long term borrowings. Hence it is reasonable for the company.
The production of the company every year increasing it shows the growth of the
company.
The sales of the company also increasing every year, its shows good financial position of
the company.
The company has to increase the sales and it will earn high profits in future.
The company has to increase the sales and bank balance for future development and to
maintain the standard norm.
The company has to take proper steps to adequate investment in current assets.
The company has to increase long term debt proportionate to shareholders fund.
76
The company has to reduce the expenses.
The company has to reduce the cost of production of goods sold and at the same time
good quality can be maintained.
The company can reduce the amount of reserve for taxation etc,.
CONCLUSION
The study was undertaken on the financial performance of the company. Tools
such as ratio analysis and comparative balance sheet have been used to find out the company's
efficiency in performing all its function. The analysis reveals the short term solvency position
was not good. The long term solvency position is satisfactory. So the firms long term financial
position is good.
77
REFERENCES
78
Holland,lockeet,g,Richard,JM AND BLACK (1964). (Translated from English.)
Yaire.Orgler (1967)(Translated from English.)
Keith C.Brown and scottL.Lummer(1980)(Translated from English.)
Henk von Eije and Wimwestwrn, (1990) (Translated from English.)
Fischer,Mary L, Ostrom,John.s (1995)problemy empiricheskogoobosnovaniianauki. Moscow,
1966.
ErkkiK.Laitinen&TeijaLaitinen (1988) O filosofskomanalizeiazykanauki. Kiev, 1966.
L Eli Bartov,Stepen r. Goldberg &Myung-sun(2001)ogicheskieosnovynauki. Kiev, 1968.
Barbose, P.S.F. Pimentel, P.R(2001)Osnovylogicheskoiteoriinauchnykhznanii. Moscow, 1967.
(Langley 2010)Ocherki metodologiibiologicheskogoissledovaniia.Moscow, 1965.
Turner 2010)rmy i soderzhaniemyshleniia.Moscow, 1969.
Jackson &Tsomocos (2005)Kurs lektsiipologikenauki.Moscow, 1971.
Flegm (2008)ilosofiia, metodologiia, nauka.Moscow, 1972.
Rakitov, A. I. Metodologicheskieosnovynauchnogopoznaniia.Moscow, 1972.
Shtoff, V. A. Vvedenie v metodologiiunauchnogopoznaniia.Leningrad, 1972.
Blauberg, I. V., and E. G. ludin.Stanovlenie i sushchnost’sistemnogopodkhoda.Moscow, 1973.
(Catarineu- Rabell,Popper, K. R. The Logic of Scientific Discovery.London [1959].
Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science, 8 vols. New York-Dordrecht [1963–71].
BIBLIOGRAPHY
S.N.Maheswari, Principles of Management Accounting 13th Edition, Sultan Chand &
Sons Newdelhi 2002.
N.M. Singhvi, Ruzbeth j. Bodhanwala, Management Accounting, PHILearning PVT
LTD, Newdelhi 2011.
Annual Report of SREE RANGA FOODS (RAINBOW MASALA)
“FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICES” written
byDr.S.N.Maheshwari published by sultan chand and sons educational publishers, New
Delhi.
FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT THEORY AND PRACTICES" Written by prasanna
79
Chandra published by Tata McGraw hill, New Delhi.
“FUNDAMENTALS OF COST AND MANAGEMENT ACCOUNT"Written by
Dr.S.N.Maheshwari published by sultan chand and sonseducational publishers. New
Delhi.
“FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT” (theory and practices) Written bySudarshan,
K.P.Kapur and published by S.K Publisher.
“FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT” Written by R.K.SharmaShhashi, K.Gupta and
published by Kalyani publishers.
APPENDIX
80
Revaluation Reserves 5.40 5.54 5.68 5.82 5.96
Net worth 1,217.631 1,150.28 1,096.34 969.32 512.14
Secured Loans 422.07 456.80 486.63 383.25 446.53
Unsecured Loans 367.28 196.69 88.61 155.00 134.85
Total Debt 789.35 653.49 575.24 538.25 581.38
Total Liabilities 2,006.981 1,803.77 1,671.58 1,507.57 1,093.52
Mar ’12 Mar ’11 Mar ‘10 M ar ‘09 M ar ‘08
12 mths 12 mths 12 mths 12 mths 12 mths
Application Of funds
Gross Block 1,306.831 1,266.60 1,229.05 1,141.55 835.77
Less: Accum. Depreciation 541.84 483.70 412.65 346.40 301.06
Net Block 764.99 782.90 816.40 795.15 534.71
Capital Work in Progress 63.97 32.50 35.78 70.09 91.24
Investments 682.78 434.14 682.82 485.61 183.44
Inventories 255.43 190.46 190.59 149.22 181.03
Sundry Debtors 229.99 129.10 117.10 134.74 104.39
Cash and Bank Balance 24.72 7.55 7.69 10.90 14.62
Total Current Assets 510.14 327.11 315.38 294.86 300.04
Loans and Advances 731.60 479.89 212.14 160.76 153.78
Fixed Deposits 9.85 41.85 66.34 75.01 96.10
Total CA, Loans & Advances 1,251.59 848.85 593.86 530.63 549.92
Deffered Credit 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Current Liabilities 432.96 287.37 406.18 303.44 260.68
Provisions 323.39 7.25 51.10 70.51 5.22
Total CL & Provisions 756.35 294.62 457.28 373.95 265.90
Net Current Assets 495.24 554.23 136.58 156.68 284.02
Miscellaneous Expenses 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.11
Total Assets 2,006.98 1,803.77 1,671.58 1,507.54 1,093.52
Contingent Liabilities 168.37 100.24 54.39 88.23 128.60
Book Value (Rs) 69.80 66.09 126.29 111.89 56.72
SREE RANGA FOODS (RAINBOW MASALA) Profit & Loss account ------------------in Rs. Cr.
-------------------
Mar ’13 Mar ’12 Mar ‘11 M ar ‘10 M ar ‘09
12 mths 12 mths 12 mths 12 mths 12 mths
Income
Sales Turnover 1,574.92 1,291.15 1,185.76 813.51 679.75
Excise Duty 41.47 35.46 38.44 28.27 28.88
Net Sales 1,533.45 1,255.69 1,147.32 785.27 650.87
Other Income 167.99 172.94 146.73 891.74 64.10
Stock Adjustments 72.07 -5.77 27.98 -32.47 -3.80
Total Income 1,773.51 1,422.86 1,322.03 1,644.51 711.17
81
Expenditure
Raw Materials 1,156.31 965.33 685.03 463.19 507.70
Power & Fuel Cost 24.27 22.06 61.23 19.51 14.45
Employee Cost 82.97 67.85 59.50 52.29 44.66
Other Manufacturing Expenses 26.26 23.17 21.41 22.27 22.26
Selling and Admin Expenses 163.40 111.91 87.30 66.24 71.67
Miscellaneous Expenses 56.30 55.38 53.53 55.88 16.42
Preoperative ExpCapitalised 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Total Expenses 1,509.51 1,245.70 968.00 679.38 677.16
Mar ’12 Mar ’11 Mar ‘10 M ar ‘09 M ar ‘08
12 mths 12 mths 12 mths 12 mths 12 mths
Operating Profit 96.01 4.22 207.30 73.39 -30.09
PBDIT 264.00 177.16 354.03 965.13 34.01
Interest 57.03 42.43 38.57 26.82 32.52
PBDT 206.97 134.73 315.46 938.31 1.49
Depreciation 73.97 73.70 69.33 50.17 44.03
Other written Off 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Profit Before Tax 133.00 61.03 246.13 888.14 -42.54
Extra-ordinary items 3.20 6.62 1.71 0.50 4.14
PBT (Post Extra-ord Items) 136.20 67.65 247.84 888.64 -38.40
Tax -1.25 -11.86 42.18 196.44 -21.92
Reported Net Profit 137.32 79.26 205.28 691.96 -16.58
Total Value Addition 353.20 280.37 282.97 216.19 169.46
Preference Dividend 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Equity Dividend 69.47 34.66 86.35 173.48 4.46
Corporate Dividend Tax 0.00 -5.74 -0.24 15.32 0.76
Per Share data (annualized)
Shares in issue (lakhs) 1,736.62 1,731.98 863.58 861.14 892.49
Earnings Per share (Rs) 7.91 4.58 23.77 80.35 -1.86
Equity Dividend (%) 400.00 200.00 500.00 1,000.00 25.00
Book Value (Rs) 69.80 66.09 126.29 111.89 56.72
82