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Basic Refrigeratrion

The document describes the basic components and operation of a refrigeration system. It includes diagrams and descriptions of the evaporator, compressor, condenser, expansion device, and refrigerant flow. The evaporator absorbs heat from the space being cooled. The compressor increases refrigerant pressure and moves it through the system. The condenser releases heat to the environment. The expansion device regulates refrigerant flow back to the evaporator to complete the refrigeration cycle.

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48 views28 pages

Basic Refrigeratrion

The document describes the basic components and operation of a refrigeration system. It includes diagrams and descriptions of the evaporator, compressor, condenser, expansion device, and refrigerant flow. The evaporator absorbs heat from the space being cooled. The compressor increases refrigerant pressure and moves it through the system. The condenser releases heat to the environment. The expansion device regulates refrigerant flow back to the evaporator to complete the refrigeration cycle.

Uploaded by

khanjafar7862797
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as ODP, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Basic Refrigeration

Objectives

 Draw a diagram of the basic refrigeration cycle.

 Describe the condition of the refrigerant in each


component.
 Explain the purpose of each component of the
refrigeration system.
 Identify refrigeration system component variations.
Basic Refrigeration System

 All systems control refrigerant flow

 Basic refrigeration cycle


 Refrigerant absorbs unwanted heat at one location and
releases it at another location
 Refrigerants absorb heat by evaporating and release
heat through condensing
 A thorough understanding of system operation is
needed to be a technician
Refrigeration System Components
Evaporator

 A heat-exchanging
device located in the
conditioned space
 Performs the main
purpose of the system:
refrigeration
 Liquid refrigerant
entering the evaporator
leaves as a vapor
Superheat

 Temperature above
saturation point
 Normal superheat at
the evaporator outlet is
10°F (5.5°C)
 Provides maximum
cooling effect and prevents
liquid from leaving the
evaporator
Evaporator Temperature Difference

 Refrigerant inside
evaporator tubing is in
a low-temperature,
low-pressure saturated
condition
 Evaporator
temperature difference
(td) must exist for heat
to transfer from hot to
cold
Suction Line

 Usually made of copper tubing

 Connects evaporator outlet to compressor inlet

 Insulated to prevent condensation and additional,


unwanted superheat
 Contains low-temperature, low-pressure
superheated vapor
Compressor

 Separates low-pressure
from high-pressure
side
 Removes vapor from
evaporator to maintain
its low boiling point
 Compresses and moves
gas through system
 Reciprocating type is
most common
Hot-Gas Discharge Line

 Copper tubing that carries discharged hot gas from


the compressor to the condenser
 Smaller than suction line because the gas has been
compressed to a smaller volume and higher pressure
 Hottest part of the system outside the compressor
Condenser

 A heat exchanger,
designed to release
heat
 Purpose is to remove
heat from the
superheated refrigerant
vapor
 Causing vapor to condense
back to a liquid
 Can be air-cooled or
water-cooled
High Pressure in Condenser

 Raises the saturation point of the refrigerant so that


ambient air can:
 Remove superheat to the saturation point (sensible heat,
lowering temperature)
 Remove enough heat to cause the refrigerant to condense back
to a liquid (latent heat)
 Remove enough heat to partially subcool the liquid before it
leaves the condenser (sensible heat, lowering temperature
again)
Liquid Line

 Copper tubing line connects the condenser outlet to


the refrigerant metering device
 Should contain only liquid refrigerant (no vapor)
subcooled 10°F (5.5°C)
 Liquid refrigerant is still under high pressure, and
tubing is slightly warm to the touch
 Refrigerant inside is a high-temperature, high-
pressure, subcooled liquid
Refrigerant Metering Device

 Controls the flow of liquid refrigerant into the


evaporator to ensure that all liquid is boiled off
before it enters the suction line
 Second division point: between the high- and low-
pressure sides of the system
 Various types of refrigerant metering devices
available for different applications
Condition of Refrigerant in
Each Component
Evaporators

 Manufactured in many shapes and sizes to fill


specific design or operational needs
 Can operate on the principles of conduction or
convection
 Convection can be natural or forced

 Classified into five types


 Shell, Shelf, Wall, Plate, Finned-tube with forced convection
Evaporator Types

 Shell-type
 Tubing run along the inner wall of freezing compartment to
form a shell
 Shelf-type
 Aluminum tubing forms shelves inside a freezer
 Wall-type
 Used in chest-type domestic freezers
 Tubing attached to the surface of inner cabinet
Evaporator Types (Cont.)

 Plate-Type
 Not commonly used
 Refrigerant flows through plates
 Uses natural convection
 Finned tube with forced convection
 Most widely used in all applications
 Allows much refrigeration with a small evaporator
 Fins increase surface area
Suction Line

 Factors determining size of suction line


 Refrigerant velocity, pressure, volume, density, and pressure
drop
 Very long line or having many bends can increase
pressure drop
 Line should be installed to help all circulating oil
return to the compressor
Suction Line Insulation

 To limit uncontrolled
superheating of gas
that would reduce
compressor efficiency
 To eliminate
condensation that
could cause frost and
ice problems
Compressor Styles

 Open
 Belt-driven or directly driven (using a coupling) by an external
electric motor
 Semihermetic
 Electric motor and compressor sealed within
 May be disassembled and opened for service
 Hermetic
 Motor and compressor sealed in a solid steel body
 May not be opened for service
Condensers

 Must remove heat from refrigerant at same rate heat


is being absorbed
 For proper condenser operation, compressor must
increase refrigerant pressure to saturation
temperature
 30°F to 35°F (17°F to 19°C) higher than ambient air entering
the condenser (for air-cooled)
 20°F (11°C) higher than temperature of the water exiting the
condenser (water-cooled)
Condenser Cooling Stages

 First, the superheat of the gas is removed, cooling


the gas down to the saturation point
 Sensible heat removed
 Second, the gas is condensed to a liquid
 Latent heat removed
 Third, the liquid is subcooled below its saturation
point
 Sensible heat removed
Domestic Condensers

 Finned-tube, forced convection


 Most commonly used condenser
 Fan creates airflow for convection
 Wire static
 Natural convection with wires attached to tubing
 Wall static
 Natural convection with a box inside a box, having condenser
tubing mounted along outer wall
Commercial Air-Cooled Condensers

 Heat is removed
through airflow
 Most common type is
forced convection
 Vary greatly in size,
style, and capacity
 Some mounted
vertically, some
horizontally
Commercial Water-Cooled Condenser

 Heat is removed
through conduction
into flowing water
 Very efficient at cooling
refrigerant
 Water-related
problems
 Types available
 Tube-in-a-tube
 Tube-in-a-shell
 Coil-in-a-shell
Cooling Tower

 Lowers water
temperature for reuse
in a water-cooled
condenser
 Usually located
outdoors where
ambient air can cool
the water
Water-Regulating Valve

 Controls amount of water traveling through the


condenser
 A bellows and diaphragm assembly connects by
capillary tube to the high-pressure side of the
compressor
 As head pressure increases, the valve opens more to
permit more water flow
 Spring tension is adjustable and permits control of
head pressure

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