1. Mass of Potassium chlorate __0.

2560_____g
2. Mass of Manganese dioxide __0.0326_____g
3. Mass of test tube + KClO3 + MnO2
3.aBefore reaction __14.4258____g
3.bAfter reaction __14.3333____g
3.c Grams of oxygen generated =14.4258-14.3333=0.0925g
3.d Moles of oxygen generated =0.0925g/32 (g/mole)= 0.002890 mol
4.Mass of 250 mL beaker + Water __224.336____g
5.Mass of 250 mL beaker __153.984_____g
6.Mass of Water=224.336-153.984=70.352g
7.Density of water ___0.9975_(g/mL)________@ ___23.0________°C
8.Volume of water =mass of water/density of water=70.352 (g)/0.9975 (g/mL)=70.5283
mL=70.528*10-3 L = volume of oxygen
9.Temperature of water ___23.0_____°C = temperature of oxygen
10.Barometric pressure __752.0_______mm Hg   
10.1Partial pressure of water = 21.1 (Interpolate between 22 and 24 C)mm Hg *(See
attached Table)
10.2Partial pressure of oxygen = Total pressure -partial pressure of water= 752.0-21.1=
730.9 mm Hg = 0.9617 atm (1 mmHg=0.00131 atm)
11Experimental value for R= Using ideal gas eqn.
PV=nRT (P= partial pressure of O2, V= volume of Oxygen, n= no of moles of O2, T=
temperature in Kelvin
R=PV/nT = (0.9617 atm*70.528*10-3 L)/(0.002890 mol*(23+273 ))K = 0.079288 L
atm/mol.K
12. Percent error = (Accepted value-experimental value)*100/Accepted value
= (0.0821-0.079288)*100/0.0821=3.424 %
Questions:
1. Sources of error:
a. Human error in noting down the volumes, pressure, etc
b. Error built in the experimental apparatus
c. Oxygen might have escaped due to an improper seal

2. Why is using the mass and density of the water and calculating volume a good way to determine
the volume of the oxygen?
The volume of oxygen is the volume of water that was displaced. Therefore on calculating the
volume of water displaced using the mass and the density of water, we can determine the volume of
Oxygen gas produced.

3. To practice the calculations for this lab, try the following.

At the completion of an experiment it was found that 50.4453 g of water at 23.0 °C was in the
beaker. The density of water is 0.9975 g/ml at that temperature. The barometric pressure was 749
mmHg.
1. What volume of oxygen was generated?
Volume of O2 generated= Volume of water displaced = mass of water/density of water
Vol of O2= 50.4453 g/0.9975 g/ml= 50.5718 mL
1. What was the partial pressure of oxygen in the gas collection bottle?
At 23C, the vapor pressure of water is 21.1 mm Hg, therefore partial pressure of O2= Total
pressure- vapor pressure of water
= 749 -21.1 = 727.9 mm Hg

Expt:

The Molar Volume of Oxygen

 

 
 

Overview 
In this experiment, you were given an unknown sample which consisted partly
of the substance potassium chlorate (KClO3) and the remainder inert material.

When potassium chlorate is heated strongly (in the presence of manganese

dioxide catalyst), it decomposes according to the following reaction:
 

 
2KClO3(s)  ®  2KClO3(s) + 3O2(g) 

 
 
As you can see, elemental oxygen gas is produced by the reaction. You
measured the mass of oxygen produced from your sample, as well as the
volume of oxygen (by displacement of water). From this information, you are
 able to calculate the molar volume of oxygen at STP (i.e., the volume
occupied by one mole of O2 at 0oC and 1 atm pressure).

Data 
Suppose the following data had been recorded for this experiment (Page 67,
Section I)
 

   
Mass empty tube + stopper 15.8915 g

Mass tube, stopper, unknown before

16.8267 g
heating 

Mass tube, stopper, unknown after

16.6142 g
heating 

Temperature of oxygen gas 21oC

Barometer reading (from instructor)  760.2 mm Hg

Barometer temperature (from

instructor)  20oC

Barometer scale correction (from

2.5 mm Hg 
Appendix) 

Aqueous vapor pressure (oxygen

18.6 mm Hg
temperature) 

Mass empty beaker 52.71 g 

Mass beaker + water 208.81 g 

Temperature of water 21oC 

Density of Water (from Appendix)  0.99802 g/mL

   
 
Calculations 
Page 67, Part II
1. Mass of Water
This is the mass of water collected in the beaker (which can be related to the
volume of oxygen which was produced from the reaction of the sample of
potassium chlorate in the test tube).
 

 
Mass water = 208.81 g - 52.71 g = 156.10 g 

 
2. Volume of Water
In step1 above, you calculated the mass of water which was transferred from
the round flask to the beaker. During the experiment, you measured the
temperature of the water in the beaker (21oC for my data above), and looked
up in the Appendix of the lab manual the density of water at that
temperature (0.99802 g/mL at 21oC). Remember that density represents the
relationship between the mass of a material and its volume.
 

 
(156.10 g water)(1 mL/0.99802 g) = 156.4 mL water 

 
3. Volume of Oxygen at Experimental Conditions
You will remember that before you could use the apparatus in this experiment
for the reaction, you first had to fill the tube running from the round flask to
the beaker with water. This was so that the first mL of oxygen produced
would be able to push a mL of water from the flask into the beaker. That is,
the apparatus was set up so that the volume of water collected would exactly
equal the volume of oxygen generated by the chemical reaction. This
assumes, of course, that all the rubber tubing connections in your apparatus
were secure, and that you adjusted/equalized the pressures as directed in the
lab manual.
 

 
Volume of oxygen produced = Volume of water collected = 156.4 mL oxygen
gas 

 
4. Atmospheric Pressure
The atmospheric pressure while you were doing your experiment (which you
need to have to do the rest of the calculations) was not the pressure read
from the barometer. The mercury level visible in a barometer is due to two
 effects: the pressure of the atmosphere is the major contribution, but the
mercury level is also a function of the temperature of the barometer. In your
data table, you were given both the mercury level of the barometer (Part I f)
and the temperature of the barometer (Part I g). In Part 1 h you were asked
to look up in the Appendix the "barometer scale correction". The barometer
scale correction corresponds to that portion of the mercury level that was due
to the temperature.

For my data, using the Appendix of barometer scale corrections, the

correction to be subtracted from the mercury level is 2.5 mm Hg. Since the
table does not give all possible temperatures or all possible mercury levels,
you should estimate the correction for your particular data (you will notice
that the corrections do not vary much around normal lab conditions).
 

 
Atmospheric P = Barometer reading - correction = 760.2 mm - 2.5 mm = 757.7
mm Hg 

 
5. Pressure of oxygen alone.
In Part 4 directly above, we calculated the corrected atmospheric pressure.
Because of the way the experiment was set up (through the step of equalizing
pressures that you performed), this also represents the total pressure inside
the round flask into which the oxygen was generated. However, the gas in the
round flask was not pure oxygen gas. Because the oxygen was bubbled
through water, the gas in the flask is a mixture of oxygen and water vapor.
The saturation amount of water vapor needed to fill a flask (in terms of the
partial pressure of water vapor) is a fixed quantity at a given temperature. In
Part I i of the data, you were asked to look up the "aqueous vapor pressure" at
the temperature of the oxygen in the Appendix of the lab manual. For 21 oC,
the saturation aqueous vapor pressure is 18.6 mm Hg. This means that of the
total of 757.7 mm Hg pressure in the round flask, 18.6 mm Hg is due to water
vapor. The pressure of the oxygen gas itself is then given by subtraction.
 

 
Pressure of oxygen = total pressure - water vapor = 757.7 mm - 18.6 mm = 739.1
mm Hg 

 
6. Absolute temperature of oxygen.
The thermometers you use in lab measure temperatures in degrees Celsius.
Since the Celsius temperature scale is a human invention, we cannot expect
oxygen molecules to know anything about it!!! We need to calculate the
temperature of the oxygen on the fundamental Absolute (Kelvin) temperature
scale.
 
  
Absolute temperature of oxygen = 21oC + 273 = 294 K 

 
7. Volume of oxygen at STP
According to my data above, we collected 156.4 mL of oxygen at a pressure of
739.1 mm Hg at a temperature of 21oC (294 K). Since the volumes of gases
vary so much with temperature and pressure, it is common to reduce all gas
volume measurements to what they would have been if the experiment had
been performed at the chosen Standard Temperature and Pressure for gases
(STP), which has been chosen to be a temperature of 0oC (273 K) and a
pressure of exactly 760. mm Hg (1.00 atm). Fill in the combined gas law given
as follows:

• P1 = 739.1 mm Hg
• V1 = 156.4 mL
• T1 = 294 K
• P2 = 760 mm Hg
• V2 = Volume at STP we want
• T2 = 273 K

If you then solve for V2, you come up with

 
 
Volume of oxygen at STP = 141.2 mL = 0.141 L 

 
8. Mass of oxygen produced.
At this point, we switch gears a little bit. For the last few calculations, we
have been dealing with the volume of the oxygen. Now we switch to the mass
of oxygen. This is calculated from the change in mass of the test tube before
(Part Ic) and after (Part Id) heating. When the test tube was heated, the
oxygen gas was liberated from the test tube.
 

 
Mass oxygen liberated = 16.8267 g - 16.6142 g = 0.2125 g oxygen

 
9. Moles of oxygen
The number of moles of anything is based on the mass and the molar mass.
Remember that it was O2 that was generated in this experiment, so the molar
mass we need is 32.00 g.
 
  
Moles of O2 = (0.2125 g O2)(1 mole/32.00 g O2) = 6.641 × 10-3 moles O2 

 
10. Molar Volume of Oxygen at STP
The "Molar Volume" of oxygen means the volume that 1.00 mole of oxygen
would have at STP (0oC, 1 atm). From my data above, we found that 6.641 X
10-3 moles of O2 had a volume of 0.141 Liters. Since the "molar volume"
represents a ratio (Liters/mole), using my data we can calculate a value:
 

 
Molar volume = Liters/mole = (0.141 Liters/6.641 X 10-3 moles) = 21.3 L/mole 

 
11. Theoretical Value of the Molar Volume
Here we are to calculate a theoretical value for 1.00 mol of a gas at STP, so
that we can compare with our experimental value of 21.3 L/mol for O2. You
should use the Ideal Gas Law, PV = nRT, using the following values:

• P = 1.00 atm
• V = what we are looking for
• n = 1.00 mole
• R = 0.08206 L atm/mol K
• T = 273 K
Solving this leads to
 

 
Molar volume of ideal gas = [(1.00 mol)(0.08206 L atm/mol K)(273 K)]/(1.00
atm) = 22.4 L 

 
12. % Error in Molar Volume
This represents the % difference between our experimental value (21.3
L/mole) and the theoretical value (22.4 L/mole) and shows how carefully we
did the experiment.
 

 
% error = (21.3 - 22.4)/22.4 X 100 = -5.09% 

 
 
This means we were about 5% off from the true value. The minus sign
indicates that our answer was lower than the true value.
13. Moles KClO3 in sample

Now we're switching gears again. We have calculated how much oxygen was
generated, and used that to determine the volume of 1 mole of O2 at STP. But
the amount of oxygen generated can also tell us about the original unknown
sample we began with. Remember that the sample consisted partly of KClO 3,
which when heated, produced the oxygen. Based on the amount of oxygen we
obtained, we can calculate back to find out what fraction of the original
sample must have been KClO3 (to have been able to generate the determined
amount of oxygen).

The balanced chemical equation for the reaction is

 

 
2KClO3(s) ® 2KClO3(s) + 3O2(g) 

 
 
This equation says that every two moles of KClO3 will produce three moles of
O2. So if our experiment produced 6.664 X 10-3 moles of O2, the number of
moles of KClO3 that must have reacted to produces is two-thirds of this.
 

 
Moles KClO3 = (6.664 × 10-3 moles O2)(2 moles KClO3/3 moles O2) = 4.427 X 10-3
moles 

 
So 4.427 X 10-3 moles of KClO3 must have been present in the sample we
heated.

14. Mass of KClO3 in sample

In the step above, we calculated that the original sample must have contained
4.427 × 10-3 moles of KClO3 to have generated the amount of oxygen we
collected. The molar mass of KClO3 is 122.6 g. So the mass of the 4.427 × 10-3
moles of KClO3 is given by:
 

 
(4.427 X 10-3 moles KClO3) (122.6 g/1 mole) = 0.5428 g KClO3 

 
 
 So the original sample must have contained 0.5428 g KClO3 in order to have
produced the amount of oxygen we collected.

15. Percent KClO3 in sample

The unknown sample you were given consisted only partly of KClO3. There
was also some inert material that did not react when heated. We calculated
above that the sample must have contained 0.5428 g of KClO3 in order to have
produced the amount of oxygen gas we collected. If we compare this mass of
KClO3 to the total mass of the original sample before heating, we can
calculate the %KClO3.

The mass of the original sample is calculated from Parts Ib (the mass of the
empty test tube) and Ic (the mass of the test tube with the sample before it
has been heated).
 

 
Mass of sample = 16.8267 g - 15.8915 g = 0.9352 g 

 
 
And then the percent KClO3 (0.5428 g KClO3 out of a total sample mass of
0.9352 g) is
 

 
%KClO3 = (0.5428 g/0.9352 g) X 100 = 58.03% KClO3

 
 
 

Questions 
1. This question is a lot easier than the calculations we've done above, because we
don't have to worry about the correction for water vapor. Just figure out how
many moles of KClO3 is present in the 1.235 g sample (this is pure KClO3, not a
mixture as in the experiment). Then use the coefficients of the balanced chemical
equation to figure out how many moles of O2 could be produced from this number
of moles of KClO3. Finally, use the fact that one mole of oxygen would occupy a
volume of 22.4 L at STP to figure out the volume of the oxygen in this question at
STP. The answer is 0.338 L (338 mL), but you will have to show the calculations to
receive credit on your lab report.
2. First figure out how many moles of water is present in the 0.11 g (the molar mass
of water is 18.02 g). Then use the ideal gas equation (PV = nRT) to figure out what
volume this amount of water would occupy at 800oC. Since the pressure is not
specified in the question, you can assume that the pressure is 760 mm (1.00 atm)
which is approximately the pressure under which this experiment was performed
(or you could use the actual pressure of your own experiment). For a pressure of
760 mm Hg, the volume calculated would be 0.537 L (537 mL). You will have to
show how to get this answer to receive credit on your lab report.
3. In Question 2, the volume of water vapor calculated was 537 mL. The error is
thus just 537 ml (540 mL to 2 significant figures).  In percentage terms, this is a
huge error
4.
 
[(338 + 537)/338] × 100 = 258% error 

 
 
You can see from this why it was so important to have a completely dry test
tube for the reaction. This is why we gave you a new, clean test tube rather
than have you try to wash out and dry one from your locker.