Environmental Impact Assessment Report

On
Development Drilling of 40 wells in KG
Basin in East Godavari, West Godavari
and Krishna districts of A.P.

Oil and Natural Gas Corporation Ltd

(A Govt. of India Enterprise),
Rajahmundry Asset
Rajahmundry-533106

Corporate Health Safety and Environment

Oil and Natural Gas Corporation Ltd. (ONGC)
8th Floor, SCOPE Minar, South Tower,
Laxmi Nagar, Delhi-110092

2014
 Environmental Impact Assessment Report
On
Development Drilling of 40 wells in KG Basin in East
Godavari, West Godavari and Krishna districts of A.P.

2014
Authors

Dr. J. S. Sharma GM (Chem)- Head Environment, CHSE

V.R.K.S. Sarma DGM (Chem)-Head Asset HSE

V.K. Sharma AEE (Environment)- Asset HSE

Oil and Natural Gas Corporation Ltd

(A Govt. of India Enterprise),
Rajahmundry Asset
Rajahmundry-533106

Corporate Health Safety and Environment

Oil and Natural Gas Corporation Ltd. (ONGC)
8th Floor, SCOPE Minar, South Tower,
Laxmi Nagar, Delhi-110092
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The publication of this document was made possible with the

constant encouragement, continual support and guidance of Shri N.K.
Verma, Director (Exploration), Shri M.C. Das, GGM-Chief CHSE and
Shri P.K. Rao, ED-Asset Manager Rajahmundry Asset.

Shri S. Gururajan GM (M), Shri P.R. Bhavana, GM (Geology), Dr.

M. Ramakrishna, DGM (Geology), Shri N.S.R.Murthy DGM (Chem),
Shri P.T. Rao, CE (Drilling), Shri M. K. Das, Senior Geologist, Shri I.M.
Jamir, EE (Reservoir), Smt. Y. Satyavathi, Asst. Supdt and Shri A.
Subbarao, Attendant grade II are gratefully acknowledged for their
valuable support and inputs.
Issues raised during Public Hearings in respect of proposed
Development Drilling activities in Godavari Onland and West
Godavari PML blocks in the three districts viz. East Godavari,
West Godavari and Krishna.

1. Issues raised at Public Hearing at Kaikaluru, Krishna District

S.L. Issue Issue raised by Reply by the ONGC to the

No. specific issue
1 Land Subsidence a. Prof. G. Krishna Subsidence may be due to
. Rao, Retd. Prof. of groundwater exploitation in these
Geology, Andhra areas.
University The Sub-committee, constituted by the
Visakhapatnam. Ministry of Environment and Forests
b. Sri Mente (MOEF), made the observations that
Someswara Rao, land subsidence has been reported
Krishna Godavari and observed in the areas where
Deltala Parirakshan extensive extraction of underground
Samithi. water has been carried out. Oil and
c. Sri. Gopala Krishna gas reservoirs have limited aerial
Raju, Krishna extents and therefore not prone to
Godavari Deltala subsidence.
Parirakshan ONGC has outsourced the work to
Samithi. investigate indications of Land
Subsidence due to Hydrocarbon
Exploration in KG-PG Basin to Delta
Studies Institute, Andhra University.

Notification of Award and Scope of

Work for Hiring of Services to
investigate indications of Land
Subsidence due to Hydrocarbon
Exploration in KG-PG Basin has been
attached as Annexure F in this report
2 Intrusion of a. Sri. Gopala Krishna Groundwater salinity is not due to any
Saline water in Raju, Krishna leakage of hydrocarbons and their
agricultural fields Godavari Deltala associated produced water from the
and ground water production wells. Production wells are
Parirakshan
constructed with many layers of casing
Samithi. pipes with outer most one covering the
b. Prof. G.Krishna shallow aquifers up to sufficient depths
Rao, Retd. Prof. of and it protects the groundwater from
Geology, Andhra any leakage effects. Ground water
University contaminated wells are quite away
Visakhapatnam. from the production wells. Even if
there is contamination, it could be a
local phenomenon and cannot be
widespread as the aquifers are
 generally highly localized due to deltaic
sedimentation pattern. Intrusion of
seawater in the tube wells is due to
over exploitation of groundwater.
Seawater percolates into the inland
parts from the seacoast. According to
the Sub-committee‟s observations
some studies have suggested
extensive aquaculture could be a factor
for groundwater salinity in the area.
3 Extracted gas is a. Sri C Venugopala ONGC is not exporting Gas to other
transported to Rao, Rytu states from its operational areas in
Gujarat and other Samakya Rajahmundry Asset.
states. b. Sri Ghantasala
Venkata Subbaraju,
Sarpanch,
Chatakaya
Panchayat
c. R. Ratnakar Rao,
Advocate,
Kaikaluru.
4. Request for a. R. Ratnakar Rao, Welfare projects are being taken up by
employment of Advocate, ONGC as per the CSR policy in and
youth and Kaikaluru. around the operational areas.
establishment of In addition to the above, special
ITI, Fisheries component plans for SC/ST community
college, is being aided under the aegis of
Polytechnic etc. ONGC

CSR spending by Rajahmundry Asset

in East Godavari, West Godavari and
Krishna District for the last four
financial years i.e. 2010-2014 has
been attached as Annexure G in this
report
5. Sea a. Prof. G. Krishna Sea encroachment and Coastal
Encroachment Rao, Retd. Prof. of Erosion can be attributed to global
and Coastal Geology, Andhra warming and sea level rise effect.
Erosion
University
Visakhapatnam.
2. Issues raised at Public Hearing at Penugonda, West Godavari
District

Sl. Issues Issue raised by Reply by the ONGC to the

No. specific issue
1 Regarding Sri Chinnam The Asset Manager, ONGC who is the
authorized person Ramireddy,, Farmer, 1st person, is responsible. Farmers
for attending the Chinnamvaripalem can address a letter to the Asset
grievances of the village & Chinnam Manager for redressal of any grievance
farmers. Gerata Reddy, of the farmers.
Farmer, Cherukota
Village
2 Regarding land Sri Chinnam Land acquisition is carried under the
acquisition, land Ramireddy, Farmer, supervision of the Special Grade
compensation & Chinnamvaripalem Deputy Collector and compensation
leftover land Village, Sri Chinnam package is given as per his
beside land Gerata Reddy, recommendations based on the Acts
acquired. Cherukota Village & and Rules on land acquisition.
Sri Ch. Venugopal, However, compensation can be paid
Vijayawada. on 10% extra land in case of partial
land left over to the farmer during
acquisition, which is under the scope of
the Asset Manager, ONGC at
Rajahmundry.
3 Regarding Sri Chinnam  If Oil and Gas reserves are found to
handover of the Ramireddy, Farmer, be economically viable to draw,
acquired lands and Chinnamvaripalem then land of 30 m X 30 m is
obstruction for Village, Sri Chinnam sufficient for their activities and
drains and Canals Gerata Reddy, remaining acquired land will be
due to approach Cherukota Village handed over to the farmer after
road to the well restoration of the land. If the
platform area. reserves of Gas or Oil are unviable
in the Well , then they close the well
completely and handover the land
to the land owner after land
restoration. However in some
cases, the farmer is given
compensation for restoration on his
request as some of them are
proposed to establish to any activity
like poultry farms etc.
 Drains and Canals are diverted by
providing hume pipes in laying the
approach roads to avoid obstruction
to the drains / canal flow to the
 downstream area.
 They are not forcing the farmers in
land acquisition. If any well falls in
the land of farmers who are not
interested to give their land to
ONGC, they are adopting latest
technology by drilling that well from
other areas without causing any
inconvenience to that farmer.
4 Regarding Sri Chinnam All these 8 wells will be taken up by
proposing for Ramireddy, Farmer, ONGC only and not outsourced to any
drilling of 8 wells in Chinnamvaripalem private oil drilling company as ONGC is
Chinnamvaripalem Village, a Public Sector Company and
even though one requested not to make any
well was apprehensions against the ONGC.
abandoned earlier.
5 Regarding drilling Farmer from Only one rig is proposed to be
of 8 wells in Chinnamvaripalem established in one location only and 8
Chinammvaripale wells to be drilling from this location
m which would with single rig, so as to take only 5-6
affect the village if Acres instead of 40 Acres (i.e. 5 Acres
they acquired land / location X 8 locations) even though it
for 8 wells. is costly for ONGC than establishing
individual drilling locations at 8 places.
This proposal is being adopted to save
the fertile lands and also to save the
Environment.
6 Regarding action Sri T. Rama Reddy, ONGC is informing the well drilling
taken by ONGC Penugonda Village information to the nearest police
during carrying of station. Revenue Authorities and local
drilling activities. bodies in the village.
7 Regarding Sri Chinnam Venkata  ONGC is restoring the approach
restoration of Ramireddy, Farmer, roads after completion of project
approach roads. Eletipadu & Sri work to its original status. ONGC
V.Bharadwaja, laying the roads to the original
Achanta Village status i.e. Blacktop, after using the
existing village roads for their
vehicles after completion of the
project.
 ONGC has given a commitment to
strengthen the existing roads before
starting their project so as to move
their heavy vehicles.
8 Regarding Sri V. Chandra, ONGC are taking agreement from the
developments of Journalist owners of the land acquired that the
House layouts in acquired land should not be used for
acquired land. other purpose viz., for development of
house layouts etc.
9 Compensation to Sri V. Bharadwaja, ONGC agreed to give compensation to
 the rodent affected Achanta Village; the rodent affected farmers as per the
farmers of the Chinnam Ramireddy, recommendation of the Spl. Grade
lands surrounding Chinnamvaripalem & Deputy Collector. They proposed to
the well platform Chinnam Gerata take measures to control rodent
area. Reddy, Cherukota menace.
10 Regarding Prof. G. Krishna Rao,  The earth is with different layers.
Groundwater Retired Professor of The ground water table is available
Pollution & Salt Geology, Andhra in the aquifer with varying depths at
water intrusion into University & Sri M. different locations, may be ranging
ground water: Krishnam Raju, from 10ft to 500 ft depth from
Krishna Godavari Coastal area to upland areas.
Deltala Parirakshana  The ONGC is using 5 casings with
Samithi, Bhimavaram concrete cement at initial depth
where generally ground water is
existing to avoid entering of ground
water into the well pipes and vice
versa. The drilling depth is between
3.5 Km to 5.5 Km and there is no
chance of entering of ground water
and salt water into pipe casing and
vice versa. Hence, there will not be
any chance of groundwater
pollution due to drilling activity of
the ONGC.
 ONGC referred to one of the News
Paper item, in which it was reported
that ground water quality is
decreasing in Coastal Region of
Andhra Pradesh from
Bhimunipatnam to Ongole sea
coast which was due to Salt water
intrusion into ground water because
of drawing of ground water
excessively in unscientific manner.
This incident occurs in all Coastal
regions.
11 Regarding land Sri M.V. ONGC explained that land subsidence
subsidence Suryanarayana Raju, is occurred depending on different
Krishna Godavari factors and some of the areas are
Deltala Parirakshana furnished as below.
Samithi, Bhimavaram; i) Collapse of underground mines
Prof. G. Krishna Rao, which leads to land subsidence.
Retired Professor of ii) Dissolution of lime stone
Geology, Andhra aquifers.
University and iii) Excess withdrawal of ground
Sri Kalidindi water
Gopalakrishnam Raju, iv) Over extraction of Oil & Gas
Member, Krishna under certain Geological factors.
Godavari Deltala  There are several Geological
Parirashana Samithi. factors that influence the land
subsidence due to Oil & Gas
exploration. Such factors are
Area, age of the rock, Reservoir
depth (Stretch of the Oil & Gas
reservoir), Rock type, Pay
thickness (i.e., Rock containing Oil
& Gas), Annual production, period
of Production, No. of flowing wells
etc.
 ONGC presented comparison
between Wilmington Oil field and
KG Basin with data and concluded
that KG basin is not prone to land
subsidence.
 As per the directions of the
Hon‟ble High Court, the
Government of India has
constituted a Expert committee.
The Expert Committee has visited
the KG basin area i.e., East
Godavari District and submitted
their report to the Government of
India in which they suggested to
carry the study with prominent
organization like Indian School of
Mines (ISM), Dhanbad regarding
apprehensions of land subsidence
due to Oil & Gas exploration by
the Petitioners.
 As per the directions of the
Government of India, ONGC
called for Global tenders in which
four prominent institutes viz., IIT,
Bombay, Osmania University,
Andhra University and one foreign
institute. ONGC has given the
work order to Andhra University
who are lowest bidder and Andhra
University is proposed to carry the
study based on the bench mark
system and also RADAR System
by tying up with South Whale
Institute, Australia with timeframe
of two years. The report is yet to
be submitted by Andhra
University.
Notification of Award and Scope of
Work for Hiring of Services to
 investigate indications of Land
Subsidence due to Hydrocarbon
Exploration in KG-PG Basin has been
attached as Annexure F in this report
12. Regarding Prof. G. Krishna Rao,  Intrusion of Sea water into
intrusion of Sea Retired Professor of Agriculture fields in Coastal areas
water into Geology, Andhra is due to Global warming and this
Agriculture fields University, was established by the scientists.
Sri M. Krishnam Raju,  For this, ONGC presented a paper
Krishna Godavari clipping published in the News
Deltala Parirakshana Paper in which it was mentioned
Samithi, Bhimavaram. that sea levels are rising in Krishna
Godavari Deltas because of Global
warming, land subsidence and
Shoreline erosion caused by Aqua
ponds.
 Note

Public Hearing at Razole, East Godavari District

The environment public hearing in respect of 22 development drilling wells

of EG district scheduled for 27.06.2014 was cancelled one hour before the start of
public hearing by the District Collector due to the GAIL pipeline accident that took
place in Nagaram village near Tatipaka complex in E.G district which caused
severe loss of life, injuries and loss of property.

ONGC, Rajahmundry Asset prepared the necessary EIA report by Jan‟14

itself, and the public hearings were duly conducted at Krishna District for 5 wells
and in West Godavari district for 13 wells as per TORs issued in January and
March 2014 respectively. The minutes issued in respect of the two public hearings
conducted with all other relevant documents are duly included in this EIA Report.

However the public hearing in East Godavari district in respect of the

remaining 22 wells out of the total of 40 wells could not be conducted despite the
same was planned to be held first in March 14, then in April 14 and again in June
2014 due to the unavoidable reasons such as Samaikhya Andhra Agitation,
Municipal/ Local/ General Elections and the unexpected GAIL pipeline incident
respectively.

As such the issue is considerably delayed due to several aforesaid reasons

and hence MoEF is requested to consider the exemption for conducting the public
hearing in respect of the remaining 22 wells in E.G Dt out of the total 40 wells and
accept this EIA Report being submitted online so that the issuance of EC for the
said proposal may be expedited at the earliest possible time.
Point Wise compliance of TORs for Development Drilling of 40
wells in KG Basin in East Godavari, West Godavari and Krishna
districts of A.P. (MoEF letter F. NO. J-11011/31/2012-IA II (I) dated
17.07.2012)
1 Executive summary of project Provided (Page No. 1-7)
Project description, project objectives and Provided (Page No. 1 and 8-11)
2
project benefits
Site details within 1 km of the each Site details provided in page no.
proposed well, any habitation, any other 12-16 and page no. 45-46. The
installation/activity flora and fauna, bio diversity profile from
3
approachability to site, other activities secondary sources has been
including agriculture/land, satellite imagery incorporated in page 76-92
for 10 km area.
Details of forest land involved in the Not applicable
4 proposed project. A copy of forest
clearance letter, applicable.
Permission from the State Forest Not applicable
Department regarding the impact of the
proposed plant on the surrounding National
Park/Wild life Sanctuary/Reserve
5 Forest/Eco sensitive area, if any. Approval
obtained from the State/Central
Government under Forest (Conservation
Act, 1980) for the forest land should be
submitted.
Distance from nearby critically/severely Not applicable
6 polluted area as per Notification dated 13th
January, 2010 if applicable.
Does proposal involves rehabilitation and NO
7
resettlement? If yes, details thereof.
Details of project cost. The total cost implications for
the proposed activities are Rs
440 Cr for Development Drilling
8 of 40 Wells in West Godavari
and Godavari Onland PML Block
KG Basin, A.P.

Details of all the facilities including CGS, Given in Table 1 on Page no. 3
GGS, OCS, produced water treatment etc.
9
to be installed, if existing facilities, give
details.
Environmental considerations in the Provided on Page No.93-120.
selection of the drilling locations for which Development drilling activity has
environmental clearance is being sought. very low pollution potential. The
10
Present any analysis suggested for EIA report outlines the EMP for
minimizing the foot print giving details of the minor impacts envisaged
drilling and development option considered.
Baseline data collection for air, water and Primary data on air quality,
11
soil for one season leaving the monsoon water and soil in the three
 season in at area of 10km radius with districts around proposed
centre of Oil Field as its centre covering the development drilling locations
area of all proposed drilling wells. have been collected.
i Topography of the project site. Give on Pg. No. 2
Ambient Air quality monitoring at 8 Ambient Air quality data given in
ii locations for PM10, SO2, NOx, VOCs, Table 13-17 on Pg. No. 47-52
Methane and non-methane HC.
Soil sample analysis (physical and Soil Quality data given in Table
iii chemical properties) at the areas located at 28-32 on Pg. No. 71-76
5 locations.
Ground and surface water quality in the Ground and surface water
iv vicinity of the proposed wells site. quality data given in Table 23-27
on Page No. 63-71
Climatology and Meteorology including Meteorological Data given in
v wind speed, wind direction, temperature Table 18-20, Fig. 7-12 on Page
rainfall relative humidity etc. No.52-61
Measurement of Noise levels with 1 km Noise level Monitoring data
vi radius of the proposed wells. given in Table 21-22 at Page
No. 62-63
Vegetation and land use: Animal Given on Page No. 76-92
vii
resources.
Incremental GLC as a result of DG set Given on Page No. 96
12
operation.
Potential Environmental impact envisages The EIA report outlines the EMP
during various stages of project activitiesfor potential environmental
13 such as site activation, development, impacts during different stages
operation / maintenance and
of drilling activity on Page No.
decommissioning. 121-134
Actual source of water and „Permission‟ forWater is supplied by contractor
the drawl of water from the Competent through tankers for which
14
Authority. Detailed water balance, waste contractor obtains necessary
water generation and discharge. permission.
Noise abatement measures and measures As Noise levels are within
to minimize disturbance due to light and acceptable limits, no mitigation
15 visual intrusions in case coastally located.
measures are necessary. The
proposed locations are not
coastally located.
Treatment and disposal of waste water. The procedure is outlined in
16 Page No.124-126 and No. 128-
130
Treatment and disposal of solid waste The procedure is outlined in
17
generation Page No. 128-130
Disposal of spent oil and loose materials. The procedure is outlined in
18
Table- 48 on Page No. 132
Storage of chemicals and diesel at site. Chemicals and diesel are stored
19
as per procedures
20 Commitment for the use of WBM only. Only WBM will be used
Mud make up and mud and cutting Mud along with cuttings are
21
disposal-All options considered should be stored in the lined waste pit as
 listed with selective option. approved by APPCB after
completion of drilling activities.
Hazardous material usage, storage All materials stored as per
22
accounting and disposal. approved procedures
Disposal of packaging waste from site. Drums, plastic containers, bags
etc. are sent to Narasapur yard
23
for further disposal through
authorized agencies.
Oil spill control and emergency plans in Given at Page No. 157-163
24
respect of recovery / reclamation.
H2S and fugitive emissions control. No H2S is present KG
25
development wells
Produced oil handling and storage. Oil produced during testing is
26
transported to GGS by tanker.
Details of scheme for oil collection system Given on Page No. 26
27 along with process flow diagram and its
capacity.
Details of control of air, water and noise Given on Page No. 123-125
28
pollution in oil collection system.
Disposal of produced/formation water Produced water is injected sub
29
surface.
Whether any burn pits being utilized for No such pits are constructed. No
30
well test operations. onsite incineration attempted.
Restoration and decommissioning plans All drill sites after completion will
which should include mud pits and wastage be restored as per Reclamation
31
restoration also and documentation and plan as given on Page No. 131-
monitoring of site recovery. 132
Measures to protect ground water and All wells are cased and
32 shallow aquifers from contamination. cemented. All waste pits have
impermeable lining.
Risk assessment and disaster Risk assessment and Disaster
management plan for independent reviews Management Plan are given on
33
of well-designed construction etc. for Page No. 135-163
prevention of blow out.
Environmental management plan and EMP is given on Page No. 121-
environmental audit to be conducted. 134.Environmental audit shall be
34
conducted during drilling
operations.
Documentary proof of membership of NO
35
common disposal facilities, if any.
Details of environmental and safety related All drilling rigs are certified for
documentation within the company ISO-14001, OHSAS-18001 and
including documentation and proposed ISO-9001.Documentation on
occupational health and safety. Quality, Occupational health,
36 Surveillance safety programme for all Safety and Environment
personnel at site. This should also include Management are duly
monitoring programme for the addressed in the ISO certified
environmental. QHSE Management systems for
ensuring proper monitoring and
 continued improvement.
Total capital and recurring cost for Rs 13.5 lakhs per well.
37
environmental control measures.
A copy of Corporate Environment policy of Given as Annexure- B
the ONGC as per the Ministry‟s O.M. No. J-
38
11013/41/2006/1A.II (I) dated 26th April,
2011 available on the Ministry‟s website.
Any litigation pending against the project No litigations are pending
and or any direction/order passed by any against the proposed project .
39
court of law against the project. If so
details thereof.
A tabular chart with index for point-wise Given as Annexure- A
40 compliance of above TORs.

The following general points should be

noted.
All documents should be properly indexed, Noted
i
page numbered.
Period/date of data collection should be Noted
ii
clearly indicated.
Authenticated English translation of all Executive Summary of The
material provided in Regional languages. Environment Impact
Assessment Report in English
iii and local language (Telugu)
submitted to RO, APPCB of all
three districts for conducting
Public Hearing.
The letter/application for EC should quote Given as Annexure-C
iv the MoEF file No. and also attach a copy of
the letter.
A copy of the letter received from the Given as Annexure-D
v Ministry should be also attached as an
annexure to the final EIA-EMP Report.
The final EIA-EMP report submitted to the Complied
Ministry must incorporate the issues in this
letter. The index of the final EIA-EMP
vi
report must indicate the specific chapter
and page no. of the EIA-EMP Report where
the above issues have been incorporated.
While preparing the EIA report, the Complied
instructions for the proponents and
instructions for the consultants issued by
vii MoEF vide O.M.NO.J-11013/41/2006-1A.II
(I) dated 4th August, 2009, which are
available on the website of this Ministry
should also be followed.
Certificate of Accreditation issued by the Noted but NA
viii QCI to the environmental consultant should
be included.
E I A/EMP for Development Drilling of 40 wells in KG Basin, A.P.

CONTENTS

List of Tables ....................................................................................... vii

List of Figures ........................................................................................ x
List of Annexure .................................................................................. xi
1. Executive Summary ........................................................................ 1
1.1. Introduction ............................................................................................ 1
1.2. Project Profile ........................................................................................ 2
1.3. Baseline Environmental Quality Status ....................................... 4
1.3.1. Ambient Air Quality (AAQ) ........................................................ 4
1.3.2. Noise Levels ..................................................................................... 5
1.3.3. Water Quality .................................................................................. 5
1.3.4. Disposal of drill cuttings ............................................................. 6
1.3.5. Socio-economic .............................................................................. 7
1.3.6 Environmental Management Plan ........................................... 7
1.3.7. Post Project Management .......................................................... 7
2. Introduction ...................................................................................... 8
2.1. Present Development Scenario of Krishna-Godavari Basin 8
2.2. Purpose and Basis of the Environmental Impact
Assessment ................................................................................................... 17
3. Drilling Technology and Process Description .....................19
3.1. Drilling Facilities ................................................................................ 21
3.2. General Requirements of Drilling ............................................... 21
(a) Drilling Mud ....................................................................................... 22
(b) Power Generation ........................................................................... 23
(c) Water Requirements ...................................................................... 23
(d) Domestic Wastewater ................................................................... 24
(e) Solid Removal ................................................................................... 24

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E I A/EMP for Development Drilling of 40 wells in KG Basin, A.P.

(f) Drill Cuttings and Waste Residual Mud................................... 24

(g) Testing ................................................................................................. 25
(h) Chemical Storage ............................................................................. 25
(i) Manpower ........................................................................................... 25
(j) Logistics................................................................................................ 25
(k) Site Restoration................................................................................ 25
3.3 Production Testing ............................................................................ 25
4. Methodology followed for Environmental Impact
Assessment ..........................................................................................27
4.1. Methodology ........................................................................................ 27
4.1.1. Air Environment ......................................................................... 27
4.1.2. Noise Environment .................................................................... 28
4.1.3. Land Environment ..................................................................... 28
4.1.4. Water Environment ................................................................... 28
4.1.5. Biological Environment (from secondary sources) ..... 28
4.1.6. Socio-economic Environment (from secondary
sources) ...................................................................................................... 28
4.1.7. Anticipated Environmental Impacts ................................... 28
4.2. Mitigation Measures ......................................................................... 29
4.3. Environmental Management Plan .............................................. 29
4.4 Post Project Monitoring ................................................................... 29
5. Protocol for Environmental Baseline Data Collection ......30
5.1. Air Environment ................................................................................ 30
5.2. Design of Network for Ambient Air Quality Monitoring
Locations ....................................................................................................... 30
5.2.1. Reconnaissance ........................................................................... 30
5.2.2. Micrometeorology ...................................................................... 31
5.3. Noise Environment ........................................................................... 31

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E I A/EMP for Development Drilling of 40 wells in KG Basin, A.P.

5.3.1. Methodology for Noise Monitoring ..................................... 32

5.4. Water Environment .......................................................................... 33
5.4.1. Reconnaissance ........................................................................... 33
5.4.2. Water Resources and Requirement .................................... 33
5.4.3. Baseline Water Quality............................................................. 33
5.5. Biological Environment .................................................................. 34
5.5.1. Biological Characteristics ........................................................ 34
5.5.2. Species Composition ................................................................. 35
5.5.3. Species Diversity......................................................................... 35
5.6. Social Forestry .................................................................................... 36
5.7. Socio-economic Environment ...................................................... 37
5.7.1. Baseline Status ............................................................................ 38
5.7.2. Socio-economic Survey ............................................................ 38
5.7.3. Quality of Life (QoL) .................................................................. 40
6. Baseline Environmental Quality Status .................................43
6.1 Description of Environment ........................................................... 43
6.1.1 Ambient Air Quality (AAQ) ...................................................... 47
6.1.2 Meteorological Conditions ....................................................... 52
6.1.3 Noise Environment ..................................................................... 62
6.1.4 Water Quality ................................................................................ 63
6.1.5 Soil Environment ......................................................................... 71
6.1.5 Biological Environment ............................................................ 76
6.1.5.1 Biodiversity of the Study Area............................................ 76
6.1.5.2 Vegetative Composition of the Study Area .................... 77
7. Anticipated Environmental Impacts, Evaluation &
Mitigation Measures .........................................................................93
7.1. Environmental Impacts Associated with Drilling ................ 93

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7.2. Air Environment ................................................................................ 95

7.3. Noise Environment ........................................................................... 98
7.4. Land Environment ............................................................................ 99
7.5. Water Environment ....................................................................... 101
7.6. Biological Environment ............................................................... 103
7.6.1. Terrestrial Environment ...................................................... 103
7.6.2. Aquatic Environment ............................................................. 104
7.6.3. Socio-economic Environment ............................................ 104
7.7. Environmental Impact Evaluation........................................... 104
7.7.1. Ecology......................................................................................... 104
7.7.2. Environmental Pollution ...................................................... 104
7.7.3. Aesthetics ................................................................................... 105
7.7.4. Socio-economics ...................................................................... 105
7.8. Environmental Impact Statement............................................ 105
7.8.1 Air Environment ....................................................................... 106
7.8.2. Noise Environment ................................................................. 106
7.8.3. Land Environment .................................................................. 107
7.8.4. Water Environment ................................................................ 107
7.8.5. Biological Environment ........................................................ 107
7.8.6. Socio-economic Environment ............................................ 108
7.8.7. Positive Impacts ....................................................................... 112
7.8.8. Negative Impacts ..................................................................... 112
7.9. Mitigation Measures ...................................................................... 113
7.10 Project Post monitoring Program .......................................... 120
8. Environmental Management Plan ........................................ 121
8.1. Drilling Fluids................................................................................... 122
8.2. Air Environment ............................................................................. 123

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8.3. Noise Environment ........................................................................ 124

8.4. Land Environment ......................................................................... 124
8.5. Water Environment ....................................................................... 124
8.6. Biological Environment ............................................................... 127
8.7. Socio-economic Environment ................................................... 127
8.8. Waste Management Plan ............................................................. 128
8.8.1. Disposal Options ...................................................................... 128
8.8.2. Waste Reduction, Reuse & Recycle .................................. 129
8.8.3. Waste Mud & Drill Cuttings Disposal Plan .................... 130
8.9. Environment Protection and Reclamation Plan ................ 131
8.10. Plans for Well Site Operation and or Abandonment ..... 131
8.11. Drilling Program Safety Guidelines ...................................... 132
8.11.1. General ...................................................................................... 133
9. Risk Assessment, Emergency & Disaster Management
Plan ...................................................................................................... 135
9.1 Introduction ....................................................................................... 135
9.2 Risk Assessment Methodology................................................... 135
9.3 Risk Assessment............................................................................... 138
9.3.1 Risk Associated with Design & Planning......................... 139
9.3.2 Risk Associated with Approach Road .............................. 139
9.3.3 Risk Associated with Drilling & Testing .......................... 139
9.3.4 Risk Associated with Rig Transportation and Building/
Dismantling ............................................................................................ 140
9.4 Disaster Management Plan .......................................................... 142
9.4.1 Objective of Disaster Management Plan ......................... 142
9.4.2 Disaster Management Plan: Key Elements .................... 142
9.4.3 Type of Anticipated Hazards ............................................... 146
9.5 Contingency Plan for Oil Spill ..................................................... 157
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9.5.1 Action ............................................................................................ 157

9.5.2 Preventing Oil Spills ................................................................ 158
9.5.3 Mitigation Measure .................................................................. 158

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List of Tables
Table Page
Description
No. No.
Table 1 Expected Production and Facilities to be connected 3
Range of values of critical parameters of ambient air 5
Table 2
quality
Table 3 Range of values of ambient Noise level quality 5

Table 4 Range of values of critical parameters of Water quality 6

Table 5 PML Blocks in KG Basin 8

Table 6 Proposed 40 Development Locations 9

Table 7 12
Coordinates of Godavari Onland PML Block, KG basin
(A)
Table 7 15
Coordinates of West Godavari PML Block, KG basin
(B)
Table 8 Details of E&P Facilities in East Godavari District 16

Table 9 Details of E&P Facilities in West Godavari District 16

Table 10 Details of E&P Facilities in Krishna District 17

Table 11 Chemicals Used In Water Based Drilling Mud 22

Mud Additives and their Functions in Water Based 23
Table 12
Drilling Fluids
Table 13 Range of values of parameters of ambient air quality 47
Ambient Air Quality Data at proposed locations in 48
Table 14
Godavari Onland PML Block of East Godavari district (I)
Ambient Air Quality Data at proposed locations in 49
Table 15
Godavari Onland PML Block of East Godavari district (II)
Ambient Air Quality Data at proposed locations in 50
Table 16
Godavari Onland PML Block of West Godavari district
Ambient Air Quality Data at proposed locations in West 51
Table 17
Godavari PML Block of Krishna district
Daily Wind Direction and Wind Speed in Kmph from 52
Table 18 Kakinada station for East Godavari and West Godavari
District wells
Daily Wind Direction and Wind Speed in Kmph from 54
Table 19
Gannavaram station for Krishna District wells
Table 20 Monthly Meteorological Data for the Year – 2012 55

Table 21 Range of values of ambient Noise level quality 62

Ambient Noise Levels at proposed Locations in East 62
Table 22
Godavari, West Godavari and Krishna District
Table 23 Range of values of parameters of Water quality 63
Water Quality Data at proposed locations in Godavari 65
Table 24
Onland PML Block of East Godavari district (I)

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Water Quality Data at proposed locations in Godavari 66

Table 25
Onland PML Block of East Godavari district (II)
Water Quality Data at proposed locations in Godavari 68
Table 26
Onland PML Block of West Godavari District
Water Quality Data at proposed locations in West 70
Table 27
Godavari PML Block of Krishna District
Table 28 Range of values of parameters of soil quality 72
Soil Analysis (Base Line Data) at proposed locations in 73
Table 29 Godavari Onland PML Block of East Godavari district (I)

Soil Analysis (Base Line Data) at proposed locations in 74

Table 30
Godavari Onland PML Block of East Godavari district (II)
Soil Analysis (Base Line Data) at proposed locations in 75
Table 31
Godavari Onland PML Block of West Godavari District
Soil Analysis (Base Line Data) at proposed locations in 75
Table 32
West Godavari PML Block of Krishna District
Table 33 Species Wise Growing Stock 79

Table 34 List of Major Shrubs & Trees 82

Table 35 List of medicinal plants 85

Table 36 List of marine fishes 91

Table 37 Impact Significance Criteria 93

Identification of Likely Impacts from Drilling – 94
Table 38
Impacts/Risks Interaction
96
Table 39 Impact Significance of Air Quality during Drilling

Table 40 Emissions during Drilling of Development Wells 96

Impact Significance of Waste Generation during 100

Table 41
Development drilling
Impact Significance of Water Resource & Quality during 102
Table 42
Development drilling
Table 43 Noise Exposure Levels to Typical Drilling Rigs 106
Characteristics of typical Solid Wastes produced at 107
Table 44
typical Drill Site (Dry Weight Basis)
Prediction of Qualitative Impacts on Socio-Economic 109
Table 45
Environment
110
Table 46 Expected Change in Subjective Quality of Life
111
Table 47 Expected Change in Average Quality of Life

Classification of Wastes generated during proposed 132

Table 48
drilling and their disposal options

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137
Table 49 Consequence Factor

138
Table 50 Probability of Occurrence (Likelihood)
Table 51 Legislation 138
Table 52 Risk Assessment Criteria 138
Table 53 Risk Assessment Matrix Drilling 140
Table 54 148
Standard Operating Practices for Blowout

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List of Figures
Figure Page
Description
No. No.
Map showing proposed locations in East Godavari, West 11
Fig 1.
Godavari and Krishna Districts
Fig 2. Diagram of typical on-land Drilling Rig 20
Fig 3. Drilling Fluid Circulation 21
Typical schematic diagram of Production Testing at Drill 26
Fig.4
site
Topographical Map showing proposed locations in East 45
Fig 5.
Godavari, West Godavari and Krishna Districts
Map showing proposed locations in West Godavari and 46
Fig 6. Godavari Onland PML Blocks in East Godavari, West
Godavari and Krishna District
Wind Rose Diagram for 1st -9th October, 2012 at Kakinada 56
Fig 7. Station for proposed locations in Godavari Onland PML
Block for East Godavari and West Godavari District wells
Wind Rose Diagram for 10th - 18th November, 2012 at 57
Kakinada Station for proposed locations in Godavari
Fig 8.
Onland PML Block for East Godavari and West Godavari
District wells
Wind Rose Diagram for 19th - 27th December, 2012 at 58
Kakinada Station for proposed locations in Godavari
Fig 9.
Onland PML Block for East Godavari and West Godavari
District wells
Wind Rose Diagram for 19th - 27th October , 2012 at 59
Fig 10. Gannavaram Station for proposed locations in West
Godavari PML Block for Krishna District wells
Wind Rose Diagram for 10th- 18th November , 2012 at 60
Fig 11. Gannavaram Station for proposed locations in West
Godavari PML Block for Krishna District wells
Wind Rose Diagram for 19th - 27th December, 2012 at 61
Fig 12 Gannavaram Station for proposed locations in West
Godavari PML Block for Krishna District wells
Fig 13. Forest Distribution in East Godavari District 77
Fig 14. Forest Distribution in West Godavari District 81
Fig 15. Forest Distribution in Krishna District 84
Fig 16. Impact Network for Air Environment 114
Fig 17. Impact Network for Noise Environment 115
Fig 18. Impact Network for Water Environment 116
Fig 19. Impact Network for Land Environment 117
Fig 20. Impact Network for Socio-economic Environment 118
Fig 21. Comprehensive Impact Network 119
Fig 22. Typical Drill Site Layout 126
Fig 23. Hazard Identification: Black Box Approach 136
Fig 24. Organogram for On-site Emergency 144
Fig 25. Organogram for Off-Site Emergency 145
Fig 26. BOP Stack 147

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List of Annexure
Annexure A A tabular chart with index for point-wise compliance of TORs.
Annexure B Corporate Environment policy of the ONGC as per the
Ministry‟s O.M.No.11013/41/2006/1A.II (I) dated 26th April,
2011 available on the Ministry‟s website.
Annexure C The letter/application for EC
Annexure D The letter received from the Ministry
Annexure E Details of Hydrocarbon Fields
Annexure F Notification of Award and Scope of Work to Delta Studies
Institute, Andhra University for Hiring of Services to
investigate indications of Land Subsidence due to
Hydrocarbon Exploration in KG-PG Basin.
Annexure G CSR spending by Rajahmundry Asset in East Godavari, West
Godavari and Krishna District
Annexure H Minutes of Public Hearings of Krishna and West Godavari
Districts

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OIL AND NATURAL GAS CORPORATION LTD

Project Details in Brief
Regd. Office Project Office
ONGC Ltd ONGC Ltd
Jeevan Bharti Building, Tower-II, 124, Godavari Bhavan, Rajahmundry Asset
Indira Chowk, New Delhi-110001 Rajahmundry-533106
Tel: 91-11-23301000/23310156/23721756 Tel: 0883-2494100
Fax: 91-11-23316413 Fax: 0883-2440670

Project Title: “Development Drilling of 40 wells in KG Basin in East Godavari, West Godavari
and Krishna districts of A.P”

Location Details:

Field / No. of wells

(Anticipated PML Village
S. No District Coordinates Mandal
Locations)/Name/ Block (No. of wells)
Target Depth(m)
Lat 16 deg 48 Alamuru (3) Alamuru
East Godavari min 5 sec Long
1 Mandapeta / 8/3100
Godavari Onland 81 deg 54 min
15 sec Mandapeta (5) Mandapeta
Lat 16 deg 20
East min 2.66 sec
Kesavadasupalem / Godavari Kesavadasupalem
2 Godavari Long 81 deg Sakhinetipalli
1/ 1800 Onland (1)
46 min 9.81
sec
Lat 16 deg 23
East min 31.45 sec
Kesanapalli west / Godavari
3 Godavari Long 81 deg Kesanapalli (5) Malkipuram
5/ 2500 Onland
54 min 37.78
sec
Lat 16 deg 28
East min 26.87 sec
Kammapalem / 7/ Godavari Kammapalem (7)
4 Godavari Long 81 deg Razole
2700 Onland Hamlet of Sivakodu
49 min 8.38
sec
Lat 16 deg 37
min 49.54 sec
Vygreswaram / 1/ East Godavari
5 Long 81 deg Vygreswaram (1) Ambajipeta
4000 Godavari Onland
56 min 16.96
sec
Lat 16 deg 40
West min 12.60 sec Eleti Padu (2) Iragavaram
Penugonda / Godavari
6 Godavari Long 81 deg
10/3350 Onland Chinnamvaripalem
47 min 21.80 Penugonda
sec (8)
West Lat 16 deg 16
Lakshmaneswaram Godavari Lakshmaneswaram
7 Godavari min 04.96 sec Narsapur
/ LSDA/2500 Onland (1)
Long 81 deg

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41 min 00.65
sec
Lat 16 deg 41
West min 00.97 sec
Penugonda / Godavari Pittala Vemavaram
8 Godavari Long 81 deg Peravalli
PGDA/3350 Onland (1)
46 min 50.75
sec
Lat 16 deg 41
West min 12.30 sec
Penugonda / Godavari
9 Godavari Long 81 deg Siddantham (1) Penugonda
PGDB/3350 Onland
47 min 29.76
sec
Lat 16 deg 31
min 40.90 sec
West
10 Kaikaluru / 3/2500 Krishna Long 81 deg Kaikaluru (3) Kaikaluru
Godavari
14 min 31.39
sec
Lat 16 deg 27
West
Krishna min 51.5 sec Pedda Kamanapudi
11 Lingala / 1/2500 Godavari Mudinepalli
Long 81 deg 9 (1)
min 27.05 sec
Lat 16 deg 14
West
Nandigama/ 1 Krishna min 26.94 sec
12 Godavari Munjuluru (1) Bantumilli
/4100 Long 81 deg 8
min 51.97 sec
Total 40 wells

 Project Cost: Approx. Rs. 440 Crores for drilling of 40 wells.

 Water requirement: About 10 m3/day is for domestic use and 15 m3/day for operations
 Water Availability: Supply through water tanks.
 Site details: Agricultural land, no habitation & no other activity. There is no Forest
Cover within 30 Km from the site.
 HSD Consumption: D.G sets (AC-SCR Type.) have a peak diesel consumption of
about 3-4 m3/day, whereas during testing operations the diesel consumption is about
0.5-2 m3/day.
 Quantity of drill cuttings generated: Approximately 212 m3 of drill cuttings will be
generated over a period of 40-45 days for from each well. Only Water Based Mud
(WBM) will be used.
 Land requirement: Approx. 5-6 acres for each location.
 Time Period: Development drilling is a temporary activity. Each location takes around 3
to 4 months in normal conditions.

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1. Executive Summary
1.1. Introduction
India ranks as the world‟s 7th largest primary energy producer and the 5th
largest energy consumer. The per capita consumption of energy in India is
one of the lowest in the world (around 0.3 tonnes of O+OEG compared to
world average of 1.8). With a population of 1.21 billion, the country‟s energy
needs are expected to grow about four fold from 493 Million Tonnes of Oil
Equivalent (MTOE) to 1856 MTOE by 2032. Hydrocarbon sector plays pivotal
role in India‟s energy sector with a 52% share in the commercial energy
basket.

Today, ONGC has been the largest producer of the oil and gas in the country,
contributing 72.4% of the crude oil and 48.5% of the natural gas production.
At present, over 75% of India‟s oil requirements are being met by imports and
India‟s known oil and gas reserves form a mere 0.8% of the world reserves of
petroleum. Given the limited reserves and growing demand, India is heavily
dependent on import of crude oil and petroleum products. Current demand
and supply projections indicate that the level of self-sufficiency is likely to
decline below 25% over the next few years. Substantial efforts are therefore
necessary to boost the development activity in the country. This will enable to
discover new hydrocarbon fields and the level of crude oil and gas production
can then be significantly increased in the years to come. The development
drilling is a one-time activity and the operations last a very short period of 3-4
months under normal conditions.

The present report is being submitted for grant of Environmental Clearance to

development drilling wells in ONGC‟s West Godavari and Godavari Onland
PML Blocks in the Krishna Godavari basin of Andhra Pradesh. The plan for
development of these highly prospective projects of Rajahmundry Asset is
essentially driven by the need for greater energy security of India.
This report comprises of baseline data on air quality status including VOCs,
ambient noise levels, surface and ground water quality status, soil quality

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studies, brief on demography etc. In addition, methodology followed for

preparation of this report and process descriptions of development drilling
have also been discussed.
The report also documents anticipated environmental impacts, evaluation and
mitigation measures based on baseline data collected during study period.
The environmental management plan of development drilling activities has
also been delineated in the report based on impact evaluation and regulatory
requirements.
Topography of KG Basin
In Krishna-Godavari basin the natural processes in fluvio-marine
environments carve out landforms, which are dynamic but always keep
attaining equilibrium. These landforms of the basin are modified unless buried
by continued fluvial processes. Such paleo-beach ridges can be seen near
Amalapuram of Godavari delta. The fluvial plains are a composite of many
landforms like natural levees, point bars, channel bars, abandoned channels,
meander cutoffs and flood pains. The fluvial plain is constructed by three
major rivers of Gautami, Vasistha and Vainatyam.

The fluvial plain of Krishna river system showed south westward migration of
the drainage through Hamsala Deevi. Presently, this form is a distributory of
Krishna River with major drainage to the south of Avanigadda. The overall
slope of the Godavari delta is gentle towards coast. The Inter deltaic plain
occupies the area between two river systems.

1.2. Project Profile

ONGC‟s Development activities are confined to two on land PML blocks, viz.,
West Godavari and Godavari Onland, in the Krishna Godavari Basin, Andhra
Pradesh. These two PML blocks spread over in 3 districts viz., East Godavari,
West Godavari and Krishna Districts of Andhra Pradesh. Under the present
proposal EC is sought in respect of 40 locations out of which 5 locations are
of West Godavari PML Block in Krishna District and 35 locations are of
Godavari Onland PML Block. Out of these 35 locations, 13 locations are
falling in West Godavari District and 22 locations are falling in East Godavari
District of A.P.

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The total cost implications for the proposed activities are Rs 440 Cr for
Development Drilling of 40 Wells in West Godavari and Godavari Onland PML
Block KG Basin, A.P.
The details of the proposed locations, the expected production of Oil and Gas,
the expected produced water and the installations to which the proposed
locations are planned to be connected are as given below in Table 1
Table 1: Expected Production and Facilities to be connected
Expected Expected
Proposed GCS/GGS/EPS
S. PML Production Produced
Locations/ Field/ facilities to be
no. Block of Oil/ Gas Water
Target Depth(m) Connected
(m3/day) (m3/day)

Godavari Gas-2,00,000
1 Mandapeta / NIL Mandapeta GCS
8/3100 Onland m3/d

Godavari Gas-25,000
2 Kesavadasupalem NIL Mori GCS
/ 1/ 1800 Onland m3/d

Oil- 100 m3/d

Godavari Kesanapalli west
3 Kesanapalli west /
Onland Gas-1,20,000 NIL GGS
5/ 2500
m3/d

Godavari Gas-30,000
4 Kammapalem / 7/ NIL Pasarlapudi GCS
2700 Onland m3/d

Godavari Gas-20,000
5 Vygreswaram / 1/ NIL Mandapeta GCS
4000 Onland m3/d

Godavari Gas-1,50,000
6 Penugonda / NIL Kavitam EPS
10/3350 Onland m3/d

Godavari Gas-50,000
7 Lakshmaneswaram NIL Narsapur GCS
/ LSDA/2500 Onland m3/d

Godavari Gas-5,000
8 Penugonda / NIL Kavitam EPS
PGDA/3350 Onland m3/d

Godavari Gas-8,000
9 Penugonda / NIL Kavitam EPS
PGDB/3350 Onland m3/d

West Gas-60,000
10 NIL Lingala GGS
Kaikaluru / 3/2500 Godavari m3/d

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West
11 Oil- 20 m3/d NIL Lingala GGS
Lingala / 1/2500 Godavari

West Gas-30,000
12 Nandigama / 1 NIL Nandigama EPS
/4100 Godavari m3/d

1.3. Baseline Environmental Quality Status

The baseline data provide the foundation for assessment studies since they
help to identify site-specific impacts on various components of environment.
The baseline status also helps relate the effects of the project activities on the
environmental components and allows the identification of the parameters that
need to be monitored. The information concerning these parameters for the
present study has been collected directly through field measurements and
from secondary data sources. The meteorological data is obtained from the
IMD Centre, Hyderabad, who continuously monitors weather parameters from
different established weather data collecting stations.

1.3.1. Ambient Air Quality (AAQ)

AAQ including the VOCs are monitored in respect of the fields/areas

comprising the proposed locations so that the data shall be representative of
the prevailing base line air quality of the operational areas of the basin for the
year 2012-13. The monitoring/sampling stations were established so as to
capture locations in upwind and downwind directions for SO 2, NOx, PM10 and
PM2.5, CO, Methyl and Non Methyl Hydrocarbon, Ozone, Lead, Ammonia,
Benzene and Benzopyrene etc. The 24hr average value of ambient air quality
in respect of all the parameters is observed to be well within the prescribed
CPCB limits in KG Basin. Range of values of parameters of ambient air
quality is given in the table below:

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Table 2: Range of values of critical parameters of ambient air quality

West Godavari
S. East Godavari Krishna District
Parameters District (13
no. District (22 wells) (5 wells)
wells)
1 SO2 4-8.4 µg/m3 7.1-7.7 µg/m3 4-7.3 µg/m3
2 NOx 5-12 µg/m3 8.6-9.3 µg/m3 9-11 µg/m3
3 CO 0.24-0.51 mg/m3 0.18-0.2 mg/m3 0.31-0.59 mg/m3
4 PM 2.5 11-23 µg/m3 20-28 µg/m3 16-21 µg/m3
5 PM 10 33-67 µg/m3 46-59 µg/m3 55-61 µg/m3
6 Ammonia 9-14 µg/m3 9.6-10.1 µg/m3 12-16 µg/m3
7 Ozone 9.5-11.6 µg/m3 10.9-11.3 µg/m3 10.6-12.9 µg/m3
8 Benzene 0.05-0.08 µg/m3 <0.05 µg/m3 0.05-0.07 µg/m3

1.3.2. Noise Levels

Range of values of ambient Noise level quality is as given in the table below:

Table 3: Range of values of ambient Noise level quality

West Godavari
S. Noise East Godavari Krishna District
District (13
no. Levels District (22 wells) (5 wells)
wells)
1 Day Time 42.8-57.4 dB 48.6-56.9 dB 42.7-54.6 dB
2 Night Time 35.4-44.3 dB 40.0-44.9 dB 36.2-44.8 dB

1.3.3. Water Quality

Water consumption at the drilling sites is expected to be about 25 m 3/d of

which 15 m3/d will be used for mud preparation and about 10 m3/d used for
drinking and domestic purposes. Waste water generation would be about 10-
15 m3/d. Most of the generated wastewater is recycled for the preparation of
drilling fluid.

During the study, ground water monitoring stations were selected for water
quality assessment. The parameters tested included pH, TDS, Chlorides,
TSS, EC, Heavy metals and other parameters in line with the requirement of
regulatory agencies.

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Samples of ground water and surface water were analyzed for base line
studies at proposed new locations. Range of values of parameters of Water
quality is given in the table below:

Table 4: Range of values of critical parameters of Water quality

West Godavari
S. East Godavari Krishna District
Parameters District (13
no. District (22 wells) (5 wells)
wells)
1 pH 7.04– 7.60 7.31 – 7.62 7.22 – 7.51
2 TDS 174-699 mg/L 211-609 mg/L 217-5760 mg/L
3 TSS 4.3-9.6 mg/L 3.6-9.3 mg/L 4-8.8 mg/L
4 Pb 0.001-0.005 mg/L 0.001-0.003 mg/L 0.001-0.009 mg/L
5 Cd <0.001 mg/L <0.001 mg/L <0.001 mg/L
6 Cu 0.001-0.002 mg/L 0.001-0.002 mg/L 0.001-0.002
7 Ni <0.001 mg/L <0.001 mg/L <0.001 mg/L
8 Zn 0.001-0.17 mg/L 0.002-0.05 mg/L 0.001-0.12 mg/L
9 Cr 0.001-0.003 mg/L <0.001 mg/L 0.001-0.005 mg/L
10 Sulphide & Negligible amounts Negligible Negligible
Phenolic amounts amounts
Compounds
11 Oil & grease Not detected Not detected Not detected

1.3.4. Disposal of drill cuttings

ONGC carried out a project in collaboration with Central Road Research

Institute, Delhi on testing of drill cuttings for their toxicity if any due to the
potential presence of any toxic metals. The studies revealed the non-
hazardous nature of the drill cuttings and based on the results of these
studies it is recommended that the drill cuttings may be used in road making.
The results are very encouraging as the cuttings show very good bonding
characteristics.

In addition, this report also presents information collected from secondary

data resources on biological environment, socio-economic status etc.

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1.3.5. Socio-economic

This report examines environmental and socio-economic impacts of the

proposed activity from site clearance, preparation of the site, testing,
completion/abandonment, rig dismantling and restoration. On evaluation of
environmental impact it is observed that the real benefits of proposed activity
can be accomplished through implementation of adequate preventive and
control measures

The impact on community health due to the proposed drilling activities will be
negligible but at the same time social status will improve due to increase in
employment opportunities etc. There will be positive impact on transportation,
communication in the region.

ONGC is operating in the study area for more than 25 years and the baseline
studies carried out reflected practically no impact of ONGC operations on the
environmental quality over these years. It was found that the quality of air
and water is within the regulatory norms, implying that drilling activities
have no significant impact on the prevailing environmental conditions.

1.3.6 Environmental Management Plan

The Environmental Management Plan of ONGC provides a delivery

mechanism to address potential adverse impacts, to instruct contractors and
to introduce standards of good practice to be adopted for all project work.
The EMP has been developed into a stand-alone system covering each stage
of the drilling activity viz. disposal of unused mud, cuttings, recycling etc.

1.3.7. Post Project Management

All the drilling locations of the West Godavari and Godavari Onland PML
Blocks will be restored and covered by the native top soil if well goes dry.
During drilling and after drilling air quality monitoring will be carried out.

This report also provides point-wise response to the EAC- approved MoEFs
Terms of Reference.

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2. Introduction
2.1. Present Development Scenario of Krishna-Godavari Basin
ONGC has been operating in Krishna-Godavari Basin for the past 35 years. In
order to exploit Hydrocarbons in the KG basin, ONGC had conducted EIA
studies, based on which following Environment Clearances were accorded by
the Ministry of Environment and Forests:
1. F.No.J-11011/563/2008-IA II (I) Dated 22nd April, 2010 for development
drilling of 38 locations in KG Basin and establishment of two Early
Production Facilities.
2. F.No.J-11011/439/2011-IA II (I) Dated 16th September, 2013 for
development drilling of 24 locations in KG Basin and establishment of
Early Production Facility (one) at Malleswaram, district Krishna, AP
As a part of compliance of the stipulations of MoEF, various environmental
monitoring activities are being carried out in the project locations continuously.
The Hydrocarbon reserve data obtained from the various wells drilled so far
have shown very encouraging results and hence it is planned to drill 40
development wells in West Godavari and Godavari Onland PML Blocks of KG
Basin in three districts of A.P. viz. East Godavari, West Godavari and Krishna.

The details of the PML Blocks and the number of wells proposed to be drilled
are as given in Table 5.The details of wells to be drilled are given in Table 6.
The block coordinates are presented in Table 7 A & 7 B.

Table 5: PML Blocks in KG Basin

Sl. Work Centre Project Description Area in No. of

No. Sq. Km wells
1. KG BASIN Development drilling in 2176.00 35
Godavari Onland PML Block
2. KG BASIN Development drilling in West 1278.32 5
Godavari PML Block

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Table 6: Proposed 40 Development Locations

Field / No. of wells

(Anticipated PML Village
S. No District Coordinates Mandal
Locations)/Name/ Block (No. of wells)
Target Depth(m)
Lat 16 deg 48 Alamuru (3) Alamuru
East Godavari min 5 sec Long
1 Mandapeta / 8/3100
Godavari Onland 81 deg 54 min
15 sec Mandapeta (5) Mandapeta
Lat 16 deg 20
East min 2.66 sec
Kesavadasupalem / Godavari Kesavadasupalem
2 Godavari Long 81 deg Sakhinetipalli
1/ 1800 Onland (1)
46 min 9.81
sec
Lat 16 deg 23
East min 31.45 sec
Kesanapalli west / Godavari
3 Godavari Long 81 deg Kesanapalli (5) Malkipuram
5/ 2500 Onland
54 min 37.78
sec
Lat 16 deg 28
East min 26.87 sec
Kammapalem / 7/ Godavari Kammapalem (7)
4 Godavari Long 81 deg Razole
2700 Onland Hamlet of Sivakodu
49 min 8.38
sec
Lat 16 deg 37
min 49.54 sec
Vygreswaram / 1/ East Godavari
5 Long 81 deg Vygreswaram (1) Ambajipeta
4000 Godavari Onland
56 min 16.96
sec
Lat 16 deg 40
West min 12.60 sec Eleti Padu (2) Iragavaram
Penugonda / Godavari
6 Godavari Long 81 deg
10/3350 Onland Chinnamvaripalem
47 min 21.80 Penugonda
sec (8)
Lat 16 deg 16
West min 04.96 sec
Lakshmaneswaram Godavari Lakshmaneswaram
7 Godavari Long 81 deg Narsapur
/ LSDA/2500 Onland (1)
41 min 00.65
sec
Lat 16 deg 41
West min 00.97 sec
Penugonda / Godavari Pittala Vemavaram
8 Godavari Long 81 deg Peravalli
PGDA/3350 Onland (1)
46 min 50.75
sec
Lat 16 deg 41
West min 12.30 sec
Penugonda / Godavari
9 Godavari Long 81 deg Siddantham (1) Penugonda
PGDB/3350 Onland
47 min 29.76
sec

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Lat 16 deg 31
min 40.90 sec
West
10 Kaikaluru / 3/2500 Krishna Long 81 deg Kaikaluru (3) Kaikaluru
Godavari
14 min 31.39
sec
Lat 16 deg 27
West
Krishna min 51.5 sec Pedda Kamanapudi
11 Lingala / 1/2500 Godavari Mudinepalli
Long 81 deg 9 (1)
min 27.05 sec
Lat 16 deg 14
West
Nandigama/ 1 Krishna min 26.94 sec
12 Godavari Munjuluru (1) Bantumilli
/4100 Long 81 deg 8
min 51.97 sec
Total 40 wells

The operational areas in KG On-land cover 3454.32 sq.km. This is a unique

basin where the hydrocarbons are discovered in the geologically oldest (250
Million years) to the youngest (5 Million years) sediments. The overall success
ratio is 1:2.4. The efforts led to the discovery of 59 small-to-medium sized
hydrocarbon fields (given in Annexure E) with about 234.9 MMT (Oil & Oil
Equivalent Gas) of initial in-place on-land reserves as on 01.04.2013.

The current production of Oil is 800-860 Metric tons / day and of Gas is 3.2-
4.2 MMSCM/day from various facilities located in this area. The KG basin
holds ample promise for additional reserve accretion and the Petroleum
Ministry is keen on continuing the exploitation activity by a few more years.
Thus, a number of new well locations have been identified for drilling
development wells

The proposed project will lead to higher production of oil and gas from KG
Basin which in turn helps in enhancing Energy Security and Economic
Security of the nation.

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Fig 1: Map showing proposed locations in East Godavari, West Godavari

and Krishna Districts

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E I A/EMP for Development Drilling of 40 wells in KG Basin, A.P.

Table 7(A): Coordinates of Godavari Onland PML Block, KG basin

Point Latitude Longitude
Deg. Min. Sec. Deg. Min. Sec.
ENDAMURU-1 PML
A 16 52 20.00 82 7 42.00
B 16 51 18.00 82 8 51.00
C 16 50 63.00 82 9 29.00
D 16 51 52.00 82 7 16.00
ENDAMURU-4 PML
A 16 52 20.00 82 7 42.00
B 16 53 8.00 82 9 12.00
C 16 53 8.00 82 9 53.00
D 16 51 18.00 82 8 51.00
MANDAPETA PML
A 16 50 16.00 81 55 8.00
B 16 48 9.00 81 56 14.00
C 16 47 43.00 81 56 47.00
D 16 46 16.00 81 56 60.00
E 16 46 1.00 81 55 46.00
F 16 46 41.00 81 54 48.00
G 16 47 0.00 81 52 13.00
H 16 49 34.00 81 52 58.00
ENUGUPALLI PML
A 16 32 53.00 81 54 13.00
B 16 33 52.00 81 55 54.00
C 16 32 56.00 81 56 29.00
D 16 31 69.00 81 54 48.00
PENUMADAM-1 PML
A 16 32 62.00 81 45 18.00
B 16 35 2.00 81 47 39.00
C 16 35 28.00 81 49 23.00
D 16 33 34.00 81 47 12.00
E 16 32 26.00 81 45 40.00
MEDAPADU PML
A 16 30 26.00 81 43 37.00
B 16 31 38.00 81 47 3.00
C 16 30 25.00 81 47 32.00
D 16 29 6.00 81 44 6.00
ELAMANCHILI PML
H 16 27 25.00 81 44 25.00
I 16 27 25.00 81 43 40.00
J 16 29 10.00 81 44 55.00
K 16 29 10.00 81 48 40.00
L 16 28 20.00 81 46 40.00
RAZOLE – 1& 2 PML
A 16 29 2.00 81 45 39.00
B 16 27 44.00 81 47 25.00
C 16 25 52.00 81 45 52.00
D 16 25 37.00 81 45 50.00
E 16 25 18.00 81 45 15.00
F 16 25 47.00 81 45 20.00
G 16 26 23.00 81 44 38.00
H 16 27 25.00 81 44 25.00

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LAKSHMANESWARAM PML
A 16 25 12.00 81 40 6.00
B 16 26 67.00 81 41 21.00
C 16 29 33.00 81 43 57.00
D 16 29 6.00 81 44 6.00
E 16 29 33.00 81 45 9.00
F 16 29 10.00 81 44 55.00
G 16 27 25.00 81 43 40.00
H 16 24 39.00 81 41 0.00
MANDAPETA-WEST PML
A 16 44 19.39 81 51 10.45
B 16 43 55.88 81 52 35.17
C 16 41 59.15 81 54 11.64
D 16 40 34.04 81 52 53.62
E 16 42 48.60 81 51 6.24
MANDAPETA-19 PML
E 16 46 15.00 81 56 50.00
H 16 47 43.00 81 58 47.00
I 16 48 18.00 81 58 21.00
J 16 47 42.00 81 58 33.00
PENUMADAM-2 PML
A 16 32 52.00 81 45 18.00
B 16 35 2.00 81 47 39.00
N 16 33 25.80 81 46 0.00
ENDAMURU-7&9 PML
A 16 53 14.70 82 10 25.00
B 16 54 7.60 82 12 50.10
C 16 53 19.00 82 13 9.40
D 16 52 26.10 82 10 44.30
MANEPALLI EXTN. PML
A 16 30 50.00 81 50 50.00
B 16 31 15.00 81 51 16.00
C 16 32 15.00 81 52 20.00
D 16 32 15.00 81 53 0.00
E 16 30 35.00 81 53 0.00
F 16 30 20.00 81 53 46.00
G 16 30 20.00 81 51 15.00
A 16 30 50.00 81 50 50.00
KAVITAM PML –PART-A
A 16 39 0.00 81 45 30.00
B 16 40 30.00 81 45 0.00
C 16 41 55.13 81 47 54.85
D 16 40 23.16 81 49 0.00
A 16 39 0.00 81 45 30.00
PART-B
E 16 39 30.00 81 49 0.00
F 16 38 30.00 81 49 0.00
G 16 36 0.00 81 45 0.00
H 16 37 0.00 81 44 30.00
E 16 39 30.00 81 49 0.00
KAVITAM (ADDITIONAL AREA) PML
I 16 39 0.00 81 45 30.00
J 16 40 30.00 81 45 0.00
K 16 38 37.77 81 41 23.87

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L 16 32 38.33 81 43 50.02
M 16 37 23.51 81 51 8.69
N 16 40 23.16 81 49 0.00
I 16 39 0.00 81 46 30.00
The above area is exclusive of earlier granted Part B area of16 SKM under Kavitam PML
TURPUTALLU PML
A 16 21 40.00 81 38 50.00
B 16 21 40.00 81 39 50.00
C 16 21 10.00 81 39 50.00
D 16 21 10.00 81 38 50.00
A 16 21 40.00 81 38 50.00
TURPUTALLU (ADDITIONAL AREA) PML
E 16 25 28.20 81 41 47.41
F 16 23 4.64 81 39 29.10
G 16 20 47.35 81 36 32.34
H 16 20 16.44 81 39 26.68
I 16 23 6.76 81 42 34.37
E 16 25 28.20 81 41 47.41
The above area is exclusive of earlier granted area of12SKM under Turputallu PML
ACHANTA PML
A 16 33 34.00 81 47 12.00
B 16 35 11.43 81 50 45.00
C 16 37 8.16 81 50 45.00
D 16 33 51.77 81 46 42.91
E 16 35 2.00 81 47 39.00
F 16 35 28.00 81 49 23.00
A 16 33 34.00 81 47 12.00
CHINTALAPALLI EXTN. PML
A 16 28 9.36 81 50 19.90
B 16 27 49.68 81 50 39.25
C 16 27 27.20 81 50 14.70
D 16 27 12.00 81 50 16.00
E 16 27 8.32 81 49 54.21
F 16 24 16.07 81 45 48.79
G 16 24 27.03 81 46 20.05
H 16 27 2.90 81 47 26.72
I 16 27 13.63 81 47 54.93
J 16 27 23.00 81 47 53.00
K 16 27 32.62 81 48 49.11
A 16 28 9.36 81 50 19.90
APPLIED MAHADEVAPATNAM PML
A 16 32 31.43 81 32 22.22
B 16 34 35.99 81 34 35.08
C 16 35 9.74 81 37 42.29
D 16 36 13.28 81 38 41.36
E 16 40 50.7 81 32 46.42
F 16 36 6.04 81 28 14.14

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Table 7 (B): Coordinates of West Godavari PML Block, KG basin

Point Latitude Longitude
Deg. Min. Sec. Deg. Min. Sec.
LINGALA PML
A 16 27 48.75 81 8 42.13
B 16 27 20.22 81 9 46.52
C 16 29 0.00 81 11 20.90
D 16 29 9.46 81 9 55.79
KAIKALUR-3 PML
A 16 26 46.00 81 8 58.00
B 16 26 48.00 81 8 4.00
C 16 24 20.00 81 9 43.00
D 16 25 6.00 81 10 27.00
E 16 26 24.00 81 9 25.00
VADALI PML
A 16 25 36.00 81 8 18.90
B 16 24 48.80 81 7 31.70
C 16 24 5.40 81 8 23.90
D 16 24 51.00 81 9 8.60
NANDIGAMA PML
A 16 31 12.00 81 22 3.00
B 16 34 24.00 81 23 33.00
C 16 32 25.00 81 27 54.00
D 16 28 15.00 81 26 27.00
LINGALA EXTENSION AND KAIKALUR-12 PML
A 16 29 5.00 81 10 23.00
B 16 32 24.00 81 15 2.00
C 16 31 38.00 81 16 29.00
D 16 26 16.25 81 10 8.00
E 16 26 53.50 81 9 24.00
F 16 27 20.22 81 9 46.52
G 16 29 0.00 81 11 20.90
BANTUMILLI EXTN. PML
A1 16 24 45.00 81 20 15.00
B1 16 26 0.00 81 21 30.00
C1 16 26 0.00 81 23 45.00
D1 16 22 30.00 81 23 45.00
E1 16 22 30.00 81 20 15.00
A1 16 24 45.00 81 20 15.00
BANTUMILLI EXTN. (ADDITIONAL AREA) PML.
A 16 30 12.30 81 26 53.23
B 16 29 15.00 81 28 27.00
C 16 29 42.41 81 25 25.19
D 16 27 35.36 81 22 35.03
E 16 24 42.33 81 20 10.81
F 16 23 24.36 81 18 16.28
G 16 20 41.88 81 20 37.09
H 16 23 52.74 81 26 26.72
I 16 26 11.74 81 29 1.83
A 16 30 12.30 81 26 53.23
Remarks: The above area is exclusive of earlier granted area of 38.00 SKM under Bantumilli Extn. PML.
APPLIED MALLESSWARAM PML
A 16 18 25.06 81 18 34.80

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B 16 19 20.36 81 12 3.67
C 16 20 19.00 81 13 10.00
D 16 21 59.00 81 12 17.00
E 16 34 24.00 81 23 33.00
F 16 31 12.00 81 22 3.00
G 16 29 42.41 81 25 25.19
H 16 27 35.36 81 22 35.03
I 16 24 42.33 81 20 10.81
J 16 23 24.36 81 18 16.28
K 16 21 27.41 81 19 57.72
L 16 19 18.86 81 20 15.00

Table 8: Details of E&P Facilities in East Godavari District

Sr. Installation Oil Prod Gas Prod (SCM) Distance (in Kms.)
No. (MT)/Day /Day From Rajahmundry

1 Mandapeta GCS 3.295 214,772 40

2 Endamuru GCS 3.576 203,108 70

3 Mori GCS 1.073 774,738 100

4 Adavipalem GCS 5.506 134,609 110

5 Ponnamanda GCS 3.661 151,295 126

6 Kesanapalli (W) 341.521 248,887 120

GGS

7 Pasarlapudi GCS 4.079 300,836 85

8 Tatipaka GCS 9.198 570,220 80

9 Gopavaram GGS 314.959 38,114 90

Table 9: Details of E&P Facilities in West Godavari District

Distance (in
Sr. Oil Prod Gas Prod
Installation Kms.) from
No. (MT) /Day (SCM) /Day
Rajahmundry

1 Narsapur GCS 1.259 129,727 85

2 Kavitam GCS 1.240 16,671 120

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Table 10: Details of E&P Facilities in Krishna District

Sr. Installation Oil Prod Gas Prod Distance (in

No. (MT) /Day (SCM) /Day Kms.) from
Rajahmundry

1 Lingala GGS 28.466 33,882 160

2 Kaikalur EPS 1.346 9,954 160

3 Nandigama EPS 0.946 31,667 195

2.2. Purpose and Basis of the Environmental Impact Assessment

In order to assess the impact of ongoing exploitation activity and to predict the possible
impact of additional drilling, ONGC has been conducting environmental surveys on the
air, water, land and socio-economic environments.

The present report has been prepared based on data collected from ONGC‟s ongoing
studies in Krishna Godavari being conducted by following resource agencies.

1 Keshav Dev Malviya Institute for Petroleum Exploration (KDMIPE) , ONGC,

Dehradun

2 Institute of Petroleum Safety, Health and Environmental Management

(IPSHEM), ONGC, Goa.

3 NEERI, Nagpur

4 S V Enviro Labs and Consultants, Visakhapatnam (Approved laboratories)

5 Indian Meteorological Department, Hyderabad.

6 National Institute of Oceanography, Visakhapatnam

The data related to biological environment and socio economic studies are taken from
secondary resources and published literature. One season base line data is considered
for preparation of this report and the data is collected during Oct-Dec 2012.

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In this report the data have been presented along with the likely anticipated impacts
and corresponding evaluation and mitigation measures. Accordingly environmental
management plan has also been prepared and documented.

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E I A/EMP for Development Drilling of 40 wells in KG Basin, A.P.

3. Drilling Technology and Process Description

Drilling operations in on land areas are generally the same irrespective of geographical
area of operation. Drilling operation is carried out using an electrically operated rig. A
typical drilling rig sketch is shown in Fig. 2 and Fig. 3. Drilling unit for drilling of oil and
gas wells consists of a derrick at the top of which is mounted a crown block and a
hoisting block with a hook. From the swivel is suspended a Kelly stem which passes
through a square or hexagonal Kelly bush which fits into the rotary table. The rotary
table receives the power to drive it from an electric motor. The electric motor rotates
the rotary table, through which passes the Kelly bush, and the rotations are transmitted
to the bit as the drilling progresses, the drill pipes in singles are added to continue the
drilling process. At the end of the bit life, the drill pipes are pulled out in stands and
stacked on the derrick platform. A stand normally has 3 single drill pipes. After
changing the bit, the drill string is run back into the hole and further drilling is continued.
This process continues till the target depth is reached.

During the course of drilling, cuttings are generated due to crushing action of the bit.
These cuttings are removed by flushing the well with duplex/triplex mud pumps. The
mud from the pump discharge through the rotary hose connected to stationary part of
the swivel, the drill string and bit nozzles. The mud coming out of the bit nozzles
pushes the cuttings up the hole and transports them to the surface through the annular
space between the drill string and the hole. The mud not only carries away crushed
rock from the bottom of the hole but it also cools the bit as it gets heated due to friction
with formation while rotating. The hydrostatic head of the mud helps in balancing
subsurface formation pressures thereby preventing uncontrolled flow of formation fluids
into the well bore; in extreme cases this phenomenon is termed blow-out, a rare
occurrence.

At the surface, the mud coming out from well along with the cuttings falls in a trough,
passes through the solids control equipments i.e. shale shaker, de-sander/ de-silter
and mud cleaner. These equipments remove the solids of different sizes, which get
mixed with the mud during the course of drilling. The cleaned mud flows back to the
suction tanks to be again pumped into the well. The drilling mud/fluid circulation is thus
a continuous cyclic operation.

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Fig. 2: Diagram of typical on-land Drilling Rig

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E I A/EMP for Development Drilling of 40 wells in KG Basin, A.P.

Fig. 3: Drilling Fluid Circulation

The most suitable clay for mud preparation is bentonite, which is capable of forming
highly dispersed colloidal suspensions. Various other chemicals are also used in mud
preparation as per requirements dictated by the temperature/pressure conditions of the
wells. The mud is continuously tested for its density, viscosity, yield point, water loss,
pH value etc. to ensure that the drilling operations can be sustained without any
down-hole complications.

3.1. Drilling Facilities

Drilling is a temporary activity, which will continue from 3 to 4 months for each well
drilled in the block under normal conditions. However, this depends upon depth of wells
to be drilled. The rigs are self-contained for all routine jobs. Once the drilling operations
are completed, and if sufficient indications of hydrocarbon are noticed while drilling, the
well is tested by controlled well-flow. This normally takes 2-3 days. If the well is found
to be successful in terms of hydrocarbon potential, it is sealed off for future
development.

3.2. General Requirements of Drilling

Development drilling programme requires the following common facilities:

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(a) Drilling Mud

Drilling of wells requires specially formulated mud, which basically comprises inert
earth materials like bentonite, barite in water with several additives to give mud weight,
fluidity and filter cake characteristics while drilling. The drilling mud has several
functions like lubrication and cooling of the drill bit, balancing if subsurface formation
pressure, well-bore cleaning etc. Its thixotropic property helps hold cuttings during
operational stoppages. The formation of thin cake helps prevent liquid loss along well
bore. Several additives are mixed into the mud system to give the required properties.
Water based mud will be used to the possible extent in drilling but use of synthetic
based mud may be required in case of any complexities associated with the geological
formations and associated hole stability problems. The constituents of a typical water-
based mud (WBM) are given in Table 11. The special additives and their functions in
WBM are shown in Table 12.

Table 11: Chemicals Used in Water Based Drilling Mud

Sr. No. Chemicals
1. Barite
2. Bentonite
3. Carboxy methyl cellulose
4. Mud thinner/conditioner
5. Resinated lignite
6. Non weighted spotting fluid
7. Weighted Spotting fluid
8. Extreme Pressure Lube
9. Drilling detergent
10. Caustic soda
11. Potassium chloride
12. Soda Ash

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Table 12: Mud Additives and their Functions in Water Based Drilling Fluids

Sr. Additives Functions

No.
1. Sodium bicarbonate Eliminate excess calcium ions due to cement
contamination
2. Sodium chloride Minimize borehole washout in salt zone
3. Groundnut shells, Minimize loss of drilling mud to formation
mica of cellophane
4. Cellulose polymers or Counter thick, sticky filter cake, decrease filter
starch loss to formation
5. Aluminium stearate or Minimize foaming
alcohol
6. Vegetable oil Reduce torque and drag on drill string
lubricant
7. Pill of oil-based mud Counter differential pressure sticking of drilling
spotting fluid string; Pill is placed down hole opposite contact
zone to free pipe
8. Paraformaldehyde Retard bacterial degradation in polymer fluid
bactericide system; In development drilling, added to fluid
left behind in casing to prevent casing string
corrosion
9. Zinc compounds Counter hydrogen sulfide contamination by
precipitating sulfides
10. KCl-polymer drilling Improve wellbore stability in water-sensitive
fluid system shall formation. Prevents shale swelling and
sloughing

(b) Power Generation

The drilling process requires movement of drill bit through the draw works, which
require power. The power requirement of the drilling rig will generally met using the
Diesel Generator sets in the drill site. The power requirement of a drilling rig is from
three 700 KVA D.G sets (AC-SCR Type.) with a peak diesel consumption of about 3-4
m3/day, whereas during testing other operations the diesel consumption is about 0.5-2
m3/day. The exhaust stacks of the DG sets of land based rigs vent the emissions at an
approximate height of 4 - 5 m from the ground level.

(c) Water Requirements

The water requirement in a drilling rig is mainly meant for preparation of drilling mud
apart from washings and domestic use. While the former consumes the majority of
water requirement, the water requirement for domestic and wash use is very less. The

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daily water consumption will be 25 m 3/d of which 15 m3/d will be used for mud
preparation and 10 m3/d will be used for domestic purposes including drinking. Waste
water generation would be about 10-15 m3/d. The total quantity of water requirement is
about 1200 m3 which shall be transported from nearby sources through a contractor
after due approvals. Effluent water is generally recycled for the preparation of mud as
well as for cleaning of derrick floor etc. Unusable excess waste water is treated prior to
the approved disposal method.

(d) Domestic Wastewater

The operating personnel in onshore drilling site accommodation (DSA) in the vicinity of
the location consume fresh water for drinking and sanitation purpose. Septic tanks and
soak pits are normally provided to dispose off the domestic wastewater in the base
camps.

(e) Solid Removal

The rock cuttings and fragments of shale, sand and silt associated with the return
drilling fluid during well drilling are separated using linear motion shale shakers and
other solids removal equipment like de-sanders and de-silters. The recovered mud is
reused while the rejected solids are collected and disposed of in a lined waste pit in the
drill site.

(f) Drill Cuttings and Waste Residual Mud

During drilling operations, approx. 5-10 T/day of wet drill cuttings are expected to be
generated from the well depending on the type of formation and depth of drilling.
During drilling operations, approx 200 m3 per well of wet drill cuttings are expected to
be generated from each well depending on the type of formation and depth of drilling.
In addition to the cuttings 10-15 m3/day of wastewater is likely to be generated during
well drilling. The waste residual mud and duly washed drill cuttings are nothing but the
components of clay, sand etc. and are disposed of in an environment-friendly manner
as approved by MoEF/APPCB.

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(g) Testing

Flaring facilities are available at drilling rig for burning of gaseous hydrocarbons during
testing. The residual oily wastes if any after completion of testing phase are completely
removed and sent to the authorized waste disposal site or oil handling installations for
resource conservation.

(h) Chemical Storage

The drilling rigs have normal storage facilities for fuel oil, chemicals and the necessary
tubulars and equipment. The storage places are clearly marked with safe handling
instructions.

(i) Manpower

The drilling rig is manned by approx. 30 persons at anytime. The manpower operates
in two 12-hour shifts with continuous operations on the rig.

(j) Logistics

Crew transfers to and from the drilling rig, materials, diesel and chemicals is done
using light vehicles, trucks and trailers.

(k) Site Restoration

In case of onshore drill site, all the waste materials from the site are removed and the
site is restored as near as possible to the original state. The dried residual mud and
non-toxic drill cuttings are spread over the site followed by spreading of topsoil to
minimize impact if any of the drilling materials

3.3 Production Testing

After drilling the well to the target depth, casing pipe is lowered , cemented and then
the perforation job is carried out in the expected pay zone intervals. After the activation
process, the well fluid shall be flown into the separator through the production choke
manifold. The well fluid thus collected in the separator, after attaining the due retention
time shall separate into gas and liquid (water and oil). The separated liquid is collected
into the collection tank and sent to GGS for further process. Gas separated at the top is
flared into the flare pit.

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Fig 4: Typical schematic diagram of Production Testing at Drill site

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4. Methodology followed for Environmental

Impact Assessment

This includes detailed characterization of existing status of environment around all

proposed development drilling sites of KG basin for various environmental components
viz. air, noise, water, land, biological and socio-economic. Under this scope, following
is envisaged:

 To assess existing status of air, noise, water, land, biological and socio-economic
components of environment

 To identify and quantify significant impacts of proposed drilling operations on

various environmental components

 To evaluate proposed pollution prevention and control measures

 To prepare a pragmatic Environmental Management Plan (EMP) outlining control

technologies and or practices to be adopted for mitigation of adverse impacts

 To delineate post-project environmental quality monitoring programme to be

pursued by ONGC.

4.1. Methodology

Keeping in view the nature of activities envisaged the area around proposed locations
was studied for the above environmental aspects and also in line with approved TOR.
The work carried out for each of the environmental components is briefly reported
below and described in detail in subsequent sections.

4.1.1. Air Environment

 Collection of surface meteorological data like wind speed, wind direction, relative
humidity, rainfall etc.

 Design of ambient air quality monitoring network

 Measurement of 24 hourly average background concentrations of PM 10 and PM 2.5,

SO2 , NOx, CO and hydrocarbons

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4.1.2. Noise Environment

 Establishing existing status of noise levels in residential, commercial, industrial

areas and silence zones within the block area.

4.1.3. Land Environment

 Collection and assessment of representative soil samples within the study area

 Assessment of productivity and fertility of soil found within the study area

4.1.4. Water Environment

 Collection of surface and ground water resources for determining quality of water in
the study area

 Assessment of biotic environment for water in terms of phytoplankton/ zooplankton

(enumeration, indices and distribution)

4.1.5. Biological Environment (from secondary sources)

 Collection of data on flora and fauna including rare and endangered species within
the block area

 Collation of information on wildlife sanctuaries / reserve forest if any in the vicinity of

the project area

 Assessment of species diversity, density, abundance etc., in the study region

4.1.6. Socio-economic Environment (from secondary sources)

 Collection of baseline data including demographic details, such as households,

population, literacy, employment pattern, general health, tribal, transport,
communication and welfare facilities such as hospitals, educational institutions,
project awareness amongst the public, infrastructure facilities, economic resources,
cultural and aesthetic attributes etc. as per the requirements under MoEF.

4.1.7. Anticipated Environmental Impacts

 Identification of Environmental Impacts associated with drilling

 Prediction of adverse impacts due to activities related to proposed drilling

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 Assessment of adverse impacts due to the proposed activity on air, land, water,
biological and on human interests.

4.2. Mitigation Measures

 All equipment are operated within specified design parameters during construction,
drilling and operational phases

 Use of ear muffs/plugs and other protective devices will be provided to the
workforce in noise prone areas.

4.3. Environmental Management Plan

Environmental Management Plan (EMP) is drawn after identifying, predicting and
evaluating the significant impacts on each component of the environment with a view to
maximizing the benefits from proposed project. The following measures are included in
EMP:

 Recommend mitigation measures required to address environmental concerns such

as wildlife and habitat protection, cultural and archaeological sites protection, terrain
stabilization, maintaining fresh water horizons, debris disposal and conservation of
natural drainage and water flow

 Assess additional infrastructures for treatment of produced water, proposed access

cuttings, sewage, solid/hazardous waste with hydro-geo morphological details

 Provide a comprehensive and detailed plan covering environmental variables to be

monitored, the location and timing of sampling and the use to be made of
monitoring data to ensure compliance with the applicable environmental
rules/regulations throughout the life of the project

 Delineate post-closure plan coexisting with natural surroundings for abandonment

of wells, rig dismantling and site completion and reclamation for abandonment.

4.4 Post Project Monitoring

All the drilling locations of the PML Blocks will be restored and covered by the native
top soil if well goes dry. During drilling and after drilling air quality monitoring will be
carried out at the interval of two months.

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5. Protocol for Environmental Baseline Data

Collection

5.1. Air Environment

Assessment of impacts on air environment and feedback for EMP requires information
on existing ambient air quality status. The prime objective of ambient air quality
monitoring is to assess the existing level of air pollutants in the study area. The
baseline studies for air environment include reconnaissance, identification of specific
air pollutants due to proposed project and measuring their existing levels in ambient air
within the study area prior to implementation of the project. The data required to assess
the status can be collected, analyzed and evaluated through a well-designed air quality
monitoring network.

5.2. Design of Network for Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Locations

The following criteria were taken into account while designing the ambient air quality
monitoring network:

 Topography of the study area

 Representation of regional background

 Populated and sensitive areas

 Prediction of maximum ground level concentrations and distances of their likely

occurrence as per climatological normals.

 Representation of valid cross sectional distribution in downwind direction

The existing ambient air quality data required to assess impacts is collected through a
well-designed air quality monitoring network.

5.2.1. Reconnaissance

To establish the baseline status of the regional air shed in the study region, 3 to 5
monitoring stations near the proposed activity were selected for monitoring of air
quality. The proposed activities as well as site-specific parameters viz. PM10, PM2.5,
SO2, Oxides of Nitrogen, Ozone, Lead, Ammonia, BaP, Arsenic, and Nickel were
identified for air quality monitoring. The concentrations of Non-methane Hydrocarbons
(NMHC) were also been monitored by grab sample.

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The locations were chosen on the basis of prevailing meteorological conditions. Wind
direction and speed were recorded to demarcate possible zones of maximum
concentrations of air pollutants.

At all the AAQM locations, High Volume Air Samplers (HVAS) were installed for
continuous sampling of air on 24 hourly basis. Grab samples of HCs were collected
and analyzed.

5.2.2. Micrometeorology

The micrometeorological data on wind speed, wind direction, temperature and relative
humidity were collected and tabulated in Table 18- 20. The collected data have been
processed to draw windroses.

The climate of study area is tropical in nature and is generally warm and humid. The
general range of temperature is between 14°C to 47°C. The coldest months of the year
are December January and February with the lowest temperature in December,
followed by summer during the months from March to May. Rainy seasons generally
start by about the end of May

5.3. Noise Environment

The objective of noise monitoring survey in and around the proposed project site is to
identify the existing noise sources so as to measure background noise levels and to
suggest mitigation measures to alleviate adverse impact of noise. The study has been
executed in the following steps:

 Reconnaissance Survey

 Identification of noise sources and measurement of noise levels

 Measurement of noise levels in residential, commercial, industrial zone and road

side

A Reconnaissance survey was conducted with a view to establishing the baseline

status of the environment with respect to noise levels in and around the project site.

Noise monitoring was carried out to identify and quantify so far as reasonably possible
the ambient condition to predict the increase in noise levels and causes of variability of
noise levels as a result of the proposed development.

The main sources of noise shall be drilling rigs and vehicular traffic. A drilling rig is a
unique noise source and it can be conveniently categorized as stationary source.

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Drilling is generally a temporary activity at any place. During this period the rig can be
considered as a stationary and continuous noise source.

5.3.1. Methodology for Noise Monitoring

Noise standards have been designated for different types of land use, i.e. Residential,
Commercial, Industrial zone, Road side and Silence zones, as per „The Noise Pollution
(Regulation and Control) Rules, 2000, Notified by the Ministry of Environment and
Forests, New Delhi on February 14, 2000. Different standards have been stipulated
during day time (6 am to 9 pm) and night time (9 pm to 6 am).

The noise rating method as Leq i.e. equivalent sound pressure level has been adopted
for the measurement of noise level in various selected sampling locations of this
region. It is the energy mean of the noise level over a specified period and is expressed
in terms of decibels.

1T 
L eq  10log 10LP(t)/10 dtdB(A)

T 
 0 

The noise scale A-weighted network in dB (A) was used for monitoring of noise level.
Leq in dB (A) denotes the frequency weighting in the measurement of noise and
corresponds to frequency response characteristics of human ear. The average of Leq
at each location is calculated using energy average formula:

1 n
Lpi/10
Energy average  10log
n
10
i1



Day night sound level (Ldn) for 24 hours equivalent sound level can be calculated as
follows:

 1  16 8 
Ldn  10log 
 24 
 10(Leq)i/10  10 (Leq)j10/10 

i1 j1 

Where,

Ldn : Day night sound level

„i‟ : Denotes the sum over the 16 hours during the daytime

„j‟ : Denotes the sum over the 8hours during the night time

(Leq) (i) : Equivalent noise level for „i‟th hours

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(Leq) (j) : Equivalent noise level for „j‟th hours

The impact of noise on the health of an individual depends on physical exposure of

noise viz. noise level, frequency spectrum, intermittency etc. and human factors viz.
sex, age, health status, type of activity, occupational effect etc. The intensity also
depends on psychological and physiological state of individual.

The residential, commercial, industrial and silence zones in the study area have been
identified. Some of the locations were measured which were away from the major
roads / major noise sources. Equivalent noise levels (Leq) for a period of about one
hour was measured at different time at each monitoring location during day time as well
as night time.

5.4. Water Environment

5.4.1. Reconnaissance

Groundwater sources are being used in most of the villages for drinking and other
domestic purposes. In addition to groundwater, the river water is a potential source of
freshwater. The baseline surface water quality status has been tested.

5.4.2. Water Resources and Requirement

The project region receives comparatively higher rainfall in the state. There are
adequate surface and ground water resources in the region. The irrigation activities in
this region are depending on rainwater as well as surface water bodies mainly the
rivers.

Water in the region is primarily used for irrigation

5.4.3. Baseline Water Quality

Physico-chemical parameters have been determined to ascertain the baseline status of

the existing groundwater and surface water resources. The groundwater quality was
assessed by collecting samples from hand pumps and bore wells at different Locations.

In order to assess the water quality of surface water, samples were collected from
different locations. Samples were collected at 0.5 m depth below water surface for
representing surface water quality.

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5.5. Biological Environment

Natural flora and fauna are important features of the environment. They are organized
into natural communities and are sensitive to outside influences. Integrating ecological
thinking into the planning process is an urgent need in the context of deterioration of
natural environments, which is unwanted but direct consequence of development.
Biological communities, being dependent on the condition and resources of its location
may change if there is change in the environment. Hence changes in the status of flora
and fauna are an elementary requirement of Environmental Impact Assessment
studies. Information on flora and fauna were collected within the study area. Relevant
details on aquatic life within the study area were collected from related government
offices*.

*From published secondary data reference state government reports.

5.5.1. Biological Characteristics

Standard procedures were adopted for phytoplankton and zooplankton counts involving
preservation. Analysis of phytoplankton was done by Lacked drop (microtransect)
method and counting was done as follows:

No. of phytoplankton/ml = (C x A1) / (A2 x S x V)

C : No. of organism counted

A1 : Area of cover strip, mm2

A2 : Area of one strip, mm2

S : No. of strips counted and

V : Volume of sample under the cover strip, ml

Analysis of zooplankton is done by Sedwick-Rafter (SR) cell. The Sedwick-Rafter cell is

50 mm long, 20 mm wide and 1 mm deep. Total area is 1000 mm² and the total volume
is 1 ml. Counting of zooplankton was done as follows:

Number / ml X C
Number of zooplankto n 
V

Where,

C : Volume of concentrate in ml

V : Volume of sample filtered in l

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The results of phytoplankton and zooplankton counts are expressed as no./100 ml and
no./m3 respectively.

The nature and population of biological species in water are dependent on its physico-
chemical characteristics, i.e. pH, conductivity, alkalinity, BOD, salinity and nutrient
levels. Thus, the type and population of plankton species may serve as indicators of
the physico-chemical quality and the trophic levels of water body. Plankton community
structure of a water body can be assessed through following parameters:

5.5.2. Species Composition

The type of a group of organisms indicates the tropic conditions of aquatic

environment. Similarly many organisms have been known to be favored by certain
physico-chemical conditions, such as silicates for diatoms.

Presence of desmids and diatoms indicate good water conditions. Dominance of

diatoms, protozoa, ciliates, Chlorophyceae and Cyanophyceae indicate moderately
tropic conditions. Presence of Euglenophyceae indicates highly eutrophic conditions.
Planktonic rotifers are usually more abundant in fresh water than in estuarine water. It
is believed that when crustaceans such as Copepoda, Cirripedia, Ostracoda etc. and
insects outnumber other groups, the water body is considered to be enriched by
organic matter. Thus, it is evident that presence of typical organisms also helps in
classifying a water body into different tropic levels based on its physico-chemical
characteristics.

5.5.3. Species Diversity

Diversity of plankton is determined by physico-chemical characteristics or the tropic

level of the water body. In oligotrophic water, the diversity of plankton is high, while in
mesotrophic and eutrophic conditions (increased pollution) the diversity of plankton
decreases. The Shannon Weaver Index (d), a measure of diversity of plankton, takes
into account the total as well as individual species counts in a water sample.

d = -  (ni/n) log2 (ni/n)

Where,

d = Shannon Weaver Diversity Index

ni = number of individual of each individual species in a sample

n = total number of individual and of all species in the sample

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An index value of 3 and above is generally considered to be a non-polluted water body.

Values between 1 and 3 and less than 1 are believed to be mild polluted and highly
polluted respectively. Lower fluctuating index values at selected points might be
attributed to point and non-point sources of pollution, turbidity, tides, flow etc.

A widely accepted ecological concept enunciated that the communities with larger
numbers of species (i.e. with high diversity) will have a high stability and thus can resist
adverse environmental factors, providing a greater structural complexity of the food
web.

In order to evaluate baseline biological characteristics of surface water and

groundwater in the study area the data also generated. Water samples were preserved
and enumerated for phytoplankton and zooplankton. Shannon Weaver Index was also
estimated.

5.6. Social Forestry

Forests play a significant role in social and economical development of a country and
improve the quality of life. The forests conserve soil and moisture and reduce floods.
They provide us variety of products like timber, fuel, fodder fruits, Minor Forest
Products and Raw materials for different industries. They maintain ecological balance
and protect environment from pollution. Survival of all living beings depends upon
survival of trees i.e. forests. Removal of forests results in surface run off, soil erosion,
siltation of water bodies, floods and creates environmental pollution. Our national
Forest Policy envisages that one third of total land area will be under forests to ensure
environmental stability and ecological equilibrium as it is important for the survival of
living beings. The Social Forestry deals with not only the afforestation of the existing
degraded-forests, but also massive tree planting on lands outside the reserved forests.
The programs already started during the plan period by bringing more non-forest lands
like Village community lands, waste lands, Tank foreshores, Road margins, Canal
banks, River and drain banks etc, under tree cover. The farmers and other section of
the society, having lands not useful for agricultural purpose, shall be covered with tree
by motivating these people. By afforesting all vacant government lands and private
lands, the objective set in the National Forest Policy can be achieved.

Tank Foreshore Plantations: Most of the tanks in the study area are small having little
foreshore areas. Babul is planted in the foreshore areas of the tanks with the receding
of water

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Plantations on Community Lands: Most of the Community Lands, which are

Revenue porambokes or Village waste Lands owned by Gram Panchayats are
degraded in nature having hilly terrain. Plantation of Acacia and Prosopis species were
found to be present here.

Roadside Avenue Plantations: Roads are well distributed throughout the district.
Road-side plantations have an important place in Social forestry as these plantations
improve the aesthetic value of the roads; provide shade besides-yielding fuel, fodder,
small timber and other fruits to the villagers nearer to their places of living.

Canal Bank Plantations: The irrigation canals are passing through the sub urban part
of district and it is a potential component for raising plantations along canal bunds.
Canal banks have the added advantage of readily available water and also keep the
subsurface moist and therefore rate of growth is higher and cost of growing and
maintenance would be less compared to road side plantations

Group Farm Forestry Plantations: Small and marginal farmers are encouraged to
take up planting with forest tree species in their own lands, which are either
unproductive or under productive and where agriculture is not possible. The component
had the cost sharing arrangement between the forest department and farmers. It was
mainly by way of supply of seedlings free of cost. Besides this, the farmers were given
incentive depending on the assessed success for the maintenance of the crop after the
2nd year of establishment.

Agriculture

Agriculture is one of the main occupations of the local people in the entire study area. It
is mainly rain fed at present except some areas where irrigation is carried out by the
link canals. Hot summer and good rainfall characterizes the climate of the study area.
The summer season is from end of February to first week of June. The Southwest
monsoon follows up to the end of September. The winter season is from October to
January. The average highest temperature in the summer is 47°C and the minimum
average temperature in December is 14°C

5.7. Socio-economic Environment

Reconnaissance

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The study of socio-economic component of environment is incorporating various facets

viz. demographic structure, availability of basic amenities such as housing, education,
health and medical services, occupation, water supply, sanitation, communication and
power supply, prevailing diseases in the region as well as features such as places at
tourist attraction and monuments of archaeological importance. The study of these
parameters helps in identifying, predicting and evaluating the likely impacts due to
project activity in that region.

5.7.1. Baseline Status

The survey has been carried out with the help of a pre-designed set of questionnaires.
Adult male and female representing various communities were interviewed on
judgmental or purposive basis data on following parameters has been collected for the
study area.

 Demographic structure

 Infrastructure resource base

 Economic attributes

 Health status

 Aesthetic attributes

 Socio economic status with reference to quality of life

 Awareness and opinion of the people about the project

The data is generated using secondary sources viz. Census Records, District
Statistical Abstract, Official Document and Primary Sources viz. field survey and field
observation.

5.7.2. Socio-economic Survey

Sampling Method

In order to assess and evaluate the likely impacts arising out of any developmental
projects on socio-economic environment, it is necessary to gauge the apprehensions of
the people in the project area. Socio-economic survey serves as an effective tool for
fulfilling this requirement. Socio-economic survey was conducted in villages within the
study area located in all directions with reference to the project site. Interaction was
made with villagers (adults, male-female) for the collection of awareness and opinion,

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by using judgmental or purposive sampling methods representing various socio-

economic sections of the community.

The respondents were asked for their awareness/opinion about the project and also of
their opinion about the impacts of the project which is an important aspect of socio-
economic environment viz. job opportunities, education, health care, housing,
transportation facility and economic status.

The salient observations recorded during survey are:

 Economy of the region is mainly dependent on agricultural and its allied activities as
their main occupation is rice cultivation in the region including the other crops i.e.
tobacco, sugarcane etc

 Canals and bore wells are the main source of irrigation in the study area

 Education facilities are available in the form of primary and middle schools. In some
villages, it is extended up to high school. For higher studies people avail the facility
from the nearest town.

 Wood and natural gas are mainly used as fuel and selling of wood has become
source of income for most of the villagers

 Quality of houses is good and mostly people have well constructed houses

 Between 3 to 6 members is the family size in the study area

 Sanitation facility is quite satisfactory in the region. Government also constructed

the toilet for the poor people

 As regard to the drinking water facility people expressed satisfactory opinion with
respect to quality and quantity

 Roads in the surveyed villages are in good condition, people are satisfied with the
transportation facility.

 Power supply facility is used by the people for domestic as well as irrigation
purpose but power cut is most frequently faced by the people in the region

 Awareness regarding the proposed project is seen in only that area which is
chosen for drilling purpose. Beyond the proposed drilling site i.e. neighboring
villagers are not aware about the proposed project activity

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5.7.3. Quality of Life (QoL)

An exercise has been carried out to assess the quality of life (QoL). The particulars of
the concepts are as follows:

 Quality of life (QoL) is defined as a function between “objective conditions and

subjective attitudes” involving a defined „area of concern‟

 The objective conditions are defined as numerically measurable artifacts of a

physical event, sociological event or economic event. Objective conditions may be
defined as any number, which stand for a given quantity of a variable of interest so
long as it is independent of subjective opinion

 “Subjective Attitude” is primarily concerned with affective and cognitive dimensions.

It is specifically concerned with „how aspects of cognition vary as objective
conditions vary

 Once objective measures are obtained for each factor they are transformed to a
normal scale varying from 0 to 1 (value function curve) in which 0 corresponds to
the lowest or least satisfactory measures and 1 corresponds to the highest. The
weight are assigned to each factor by ranked-pair wise technique by the expert
group based on the secondary data and general observations

 For each objective measure, a corresponding subjective measure is developed for

each individual of the sample population by asking him to rate his satisfaction scale
(value function curve) is used such that 0 corresponds to the lowest level of
attitudinal satisfaction and 1 corresponds to the highest level of satisfaction.

Weights are assigned to each factor using ranked pair wise comparison techniques.

The socio-economic Indicators for QoL assessment are:

 Income, employment and working conditions

 Housing

 Clothing

 Water supply and sanitation

 Health and energy

 Transportation and communication

 Education
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 Environment and pollution

 Recreation

 Social security

 Human rights

(I) Subjective Quality of Life

1 m p
QoL (S)   Ql ij  W
P j1 i1

Where QoL(S) is the Subjective Quality of life Index, Qlij is the Subjective Quality Index
for ith factor assigned by all the respondents in an area, W is the Weights of the i th
factor, m is the No. of factors and p is the No. of respondents in the sample.

(II) Objective Quality of Life

m
Q oL (o)   Ql i  W
i1

Where QoL(o) is the Objective Quality of life Index Qli is the Satisfaction level
(assigned by the expert group) for the ith Objective indicator, W is the Weights of the
ith factor and m is the No. of factors.

(III) Average Quality of Life

QoL(S)  QoL(o)
QoL(a) 
2

The QoL index values are estimated as:

East Godavari District: QoL(s) average-0.46

QoL(o) average-0.48
QoL(a) for the study area-0.47

West Godavari District: QoL(s) average-0.44

QoL(o) average-0.46
QoL(a) for the study area-0.45

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Krishna District: QoL(s) average-0.46

QoL(o) average-0.48
QoL(a) for the study area-0.47

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6. Baseline Environmental Quality Status

6.1 Description of Environment

Assessment of Environment conditions at the start of the project and the estimation of
impact of the proposed project on the environment are the key factors for the success
of an environment impact study. The estimated impact need to be compared with the
environment conditions at the start of the project and the mitigation measures need to
be planned for the residual impacts if any.

The impact assessment study is carried out prior to the implementation of the project
so that the project proponent can implement the environment management plan in a
sound technical, financial, and environmentally viable manner.

The success of the impact assessment depends upon two factors:

 The estimation of impact from the proposed project on the

environment
 An assessment of environmental conditions

These factors also help us to arrive at the post project scenario condition.

Base line data depicts the existing environmental conditions of air, water, soil etc. in
and around the proposed locations. The base line studies include detailed
characterization of the following environmental components which will have an impact
on the environment due to setting up of development drilling activities.

 Ambient Air Quality

 Meteorological Condition
 Noise Levels
 Water Quality: Surface and Ground Water
 Soil Quality
 Biological Environment

Asset HSE, ONGC, Rajahmundry Page 43

E I A/EMP for Development Drilling of 40 wells in KG Basin, A.P.
Exploratory Drilling in CY-ONN-2002/2

ACTIVITY
Drilling

Release of
Deployment of Consumption of Wastewater
PRIMARY IMPACTS

Work Force Materials/Chemicals and Energy

Change in Demand for

Environmental
deployment Infrastructural Change in Change in Trade
Pollution
pattern Facilities Resource Economy Trade
Base & Commerce
SECONDARY IMPACTS

Change in Change in Impact on Impact on Environmental

Income Land Use Landscape Amenity/ Health &
Distribution Pattern Recreation Aesthetics
TERTIARY IMPACTS

Change in Economic Base and Cultural Values

Environmental Impacts due to Development Drilling

Collection of baseline data depicts the status of environment around the operational
areas in the Godavari Onland and West Godavari PML blocks of KG Basin covering
the area of all proposed 40 development wells as shown in fig 5 & fig 6.

The data generation with respect to meteorological condition, air pollution levels, noise
levels, water quality, and soil quality were carried out during this period. Meteorological
data has been collected from IMD Stations at Kakinada and Gannavaram.

An area within 10 Km radius as the well as its centre has been considered for base line
data collection.

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Fig 5: Topographical Map showing proposed locations in East Godavari, West Godavari and Krishna Districts.

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Fig 6: Map showing proposed locations in West Godavari and Godavari Onland PML Blocks in East Godavari, West
Godavari and Krishna District

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6.1.1 Ambient Air Quality (AAQ)

AAQ including the VOCs are monitored in respect of the fields/areas comprising the
proposed locations so that the data shall be representative of the prevailing base line air
quality of the operational areas of the basin for the year 2012-13. The
monitoring/sampling stations were established so as to capture locations in upwind and
downwind directions for SO2, NOx, PM10 and PM2.5, CO, Methyl and Non Methyl
Hydrocarbon, Ozone, Lead, Ammonia, Benzene and Benzopyrene etc. The 24hr
average value of ambient air quality in respect of all the parameters is observed to be
well within the prescribed CPCB limits in KG Basin. Range of values of parameters of
ambient air quality is given in the table below:

Table 13: Range of values of parameters of ambient air quality

West Godavari
S. East Godavari Krishna District
Parameters District (13
no. District (22 wells) (5 wells)
wells)
1 PM 10 33-67 µg/m3 46-59 µg/m3 55-61 µg/m3
2 PM 2.5 11-23 µg/m3 20-28 µg/m3 16-21 µg/m3
3 SO2 4-8.4 µg/m3 7.1-7.7 µg/m3 4-7.3 µg/m3
4 NOx 5-12 µg/m3 8.6-9.3 µg/m3 9-11 µg/m3
5 Lead (Pb) <0.1 µg/m3 <0.1 µg/m3 <0.1 µg/m3
6 * CO 0.24-0.51 mg/m3 0.18-0.2 mg/m3 0.31-0.59 mg/m3
7 Ammonia 9-14 µg/m3 9.6-10.1 µg/m3 12-16 µg/m3
8 Ozone 9.5-11.6 µg/m3 10.9-11.3 µg/m3 10.6-12.9 µg/m3
9. Benzene 0.05-0.08 µg/m3 <0.05 µg/m3 0.05-0.07 µg/m3
10. Benzo
<0.02 ng/m3 <0.02 ng/m3 <0.02 ng/m3
Pyrene(BaP)
11. Arsenic <0.1 ng/m3 <0.1 ng/m3 <0.1 ng/m3
12. Nickel(Ni) <0.1 ng/m3 <0.1 ng/m3 <0.1 ng/m3
13. Methane 645-815 µg/m3 691-805 µg/m3 687-948 µg/m3
H/C

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14. Non- 13.8-18.5 µg/m3 13.1-13.5 µg/m3 14.1-15.9 µg/m3

Methane
H/C
15. Ethane 0.05-0.14 µg/m3 0.04-0.08 µg/m3 0.07-0.11 µg/m3
16. Toluene 0.03-0.11 µg/m3 0.04-0.08 µg/m3 0.04-0.12 µg/m3
17. m-Xylene 0.02-0.1 µg/m3 0.03-0.05 µg/m3 0.03-0.10 µg/m3
* 8 hourly monitored values
Ambient Air Quality Data at proposed locations in Godavari Onland and West Godavari
PML Blocks was collected, compared with NAAQS limits and is given in the following
tables below:

Table 14: Ambient Air Quality Data at proposed locations in Godavari Onland
PML Block of East Godavari district (I)
(24 Hrs average value during Oct-Dec ‘12)

S. Kesanapalli
Mandapeta
No Location Kesavdaspalem West (5 LIMITS
(8 wells)
wells)
Total time of
24 hours 24 hours 24 hours
monitoring
1. Particulate
matter PM10 67 57 54 100
(<10 µg/m3)
2. Particulate
Matter PM2.5 19 23 22 60
(<2.5 µg/m3)
3. SO2(µg/m3) 6 7.6 8.4 80
4. Oxides of N2
12 11.0 9.7 80
(µg/m3)
5. Lead (Pb)
<0.1 <0.1 <0.1 1.0
(µg/m3)
6. * CO(mg/m3) 0.51 0.33 0.24 2.0
7. NH3(g/m3) 14 12.9 10.4 400
8. Ozone (O3)
11.2 11.6 10.9
(g/m3)
9. Benzene(µg/m3) 0.05 <0.05 <0.05 5
10. Benzo
<0.02
Pyrene(BaP) <0.02 <0.02 1
ng/m3

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11. Arsenic (ng/m3) <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 6

12. Nickel(Ni) ng/m3 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 20
13. Methane H/C
645 692 699
g/m3
14. Non-Methane
13.8 14.5 16.1
H/C g/m3
15. Ethane 0.08 0.09 0.05
g/m3
16. Toluene
0.05 0.05 0.03
g/m3
17. m-Xylene
0.04 0.04 0.02
g/m3

* 8 hourly monitored values

Table 15: Ambient Air Quality Data at proposed locations in Godavari Onland
PML Block of East Godavari district (II)
(24 Hrs average value during Oct-Dec ‘12)

S. Kammapalem
Location Vygreswaram LIMITS
No (7 wells)
Total time of
24 hours 24 hours
monitoring
1. Particulate
matter PM10 33 57 100
(<10 µg/m3)
2. Particulate
Matter PM2.5 11 23 60
(<2.5 µg/m3)
3. SO2(µg/m3) 4 7.6 80
4. Oxides of N2
5 11.0 80
(µg/m3)
5. Lead (Pb)
<0.1 <0.1 1.0
(µg/m3)
6. * CO(mg/m3) 0.27 0.33 2.0
7. NH3(g/m3) 9 12.9 400
8. Ozone (O3)
9.5 11.6
(g/m3)
9. Benzene(µg/m3) 0.08 <0.05 5
10. Benzo
<0.02 <0.02
Pyrene(BaP) 1
ng/m3
11. Arsenic (ng/m3) <0.1 <0.1 6
12. Nickel(Ni) <0.1 <0.1 20

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ng/m3
13. Methane H/C
815 692
g/m3
14. Non-Methane
18.5 14.5
H/C g/m3
15. Ethane
0.14 0.09
g/m3
16. Toluene
0.11 0.05
g/m3
17. m-Xylene
0.10 0.04
g/m3

* 8 hourly monitored values

Table 16: Ambient Air Quality Data at proposed locations in Godavari Onland
PML Block of West Godavari district
(24 Hrs average value during Oct-Dec ‘12)

S. Penugonda Penugonda Lakshmaneswaram

Location LIMITS
No. (10 wells) PGDA/PGDB LSDA
Total time of
24 hours 24 hours 24 hours
monitoring
1. Particulate
matter PM10 51 59 46 100
(<10 µg/m3)
2. Particulate
Matter PM2.5 25 28 20 60
(<2.5 µg/ m3)
3. SO2(µg/m3) 7.2 7.7 7.1 80
4. Oxides of N2
8.6 9.3 9.1 80
(µg/m3)
5. Lead (Pb)
<0.1 <0.1 <0.1 1.0
(µg/m3)
6. * CO (mg/m3) 0.18 0.20 0.2 2.0
7. NH3 (µg/m3) 9.6 10.1 10.1 400
8. Ozone (O3)
10.9 11.0 11.3
(g/m3)
9. Benzene
<0.05 <0.05 <0.05 5
(µg/m3)
10. Benzo
<0.02
Pyrene (BaP) <0.02 <0.02 1
ng/m3
11. Arsenic <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 6

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(ng/m3)
12. Nickel (Ni)
<0.1 <0.1 <0.1 20
ng/m3
13. Methane H/C
691 751 805
g/m3
14. Non-Methane
H/C 13.5 13.1 13.2
g/m3
15. Ethane
0.08 0.04 0.04
g/m3
16. Toluene
0.09 0.04 0.06
g/m3
17. m-Xylene
0.05 0.03 0.03
g/m3

* 8 hourly monitored values

Table 17: Ambient Air Quality Data at proposed locations in West Godavari PML
Block of Krishna district
(24 Hrs average value during Oct-Dec ‘12)

S. Kaikaluru
No Location field (3 Lingala Nandigama LIMITS
wells)
Total time of
24 hours 24 hours 24 hours
monitoring
1. Particulate
matter PM10 56 61 55 100
(<10 µg/m3)
2. Particulate
Matter PM2.5 16 20 21 60
(<2.5 µg/m3)
3. SO2(µg/m3) 5 4 7.3 80
4. Oxides of N2
9 11 10.5 80
(µg/m3)
5. Lead (Pb)
<0.1 <0.1 <0.1 1.0
(µg/m3)
6. * CO(mg/m3) 0.37 0.59 0.31 2.0
7. NH3(g/m3) 12 16 12.6 400
8. Ozone (O3)
10.6 12.9 11.3
(g/m3)
9. Benzene(µg/m3) 0.07 <0.05 <0.05 5
10. Benzo
<0.02 <0.02 <0.02 1
Pyrene(BaP)

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ng/m3
11. Arsenic (ng/m3) <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 06
12. Nickel(Ni) ng/m3 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 20
13. Methane H/C
948 788 687
g/m3
14. Non-Methane
15.9 14.6 14.1
H/C g/m3
15. Ethane
0.11 0.08 0.07
g/m3
16. Toluene
0.12 0.07 0.04
g/m3
17. m-Xylene
0.10 0.05 0.03
g/m3

* 8 hourly monitored values

6.1.2 Meteorological Conditions

The meteorological conditions and the industrial process depend and influence each
other. Favorable weather conditions help the successful operations, while the
operations also has an influence on the weather.

Dispersion of pollutants into the atmosphere depends on the weather conditions like
wind speed, direction, temperature, relative humidity and also rainfall. Meteorological
data has been collected from IMD Stations at Kakinada and Gannavaram and
Windroses have been prepared on the basis of the data. These are presented below:

Table 18: Daily Wind Direction and Wind Speed in Kmph

Station: Kakinada (For East Godavari and West Godavari District wells)
Proposed locations in Godavari Onland PML Block

OCTOBER-2012 NOVEMBER-2012 DECEMBER-2012

DATE 0830 1730 0830 1730 0830 1730
WD WS WD WS WD WS WD WS WD WS WD WS
1 VRB 4 CALM 0 ENE 6 CALM 0 CALM 0 E 4
2 SW 10 CALM 0 SE 8 SSE 4 CALM 0 E 6
3 CALM 0 CALM 0 CALM 0 VRB 4 NE 4 E 6
4 S 2 SW 6 CALM 0 CALM 0 NE 6 ENE 4
5 SW 8 CALM 0 CALM 0 CALM 0 NE 2 ENE 4

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6 CALM 0 CALM 0 CALM 0 SE 4 CALM 0 CALM 0

7 CALM 0 CALM 0 CALM 0 CALM 0 CALM 0 CALM 0
8 CALM 0 CALM 0 CALM 0 CALM 0 CALM 0 CALM 0
9 CALM 0 CALM 0 CALM 0 CALM 0 CALM 0 S 4
10 VRB 4 SW 6 CALM 0 CALM 0 CALM 0 SE 4
11 CALM 0 CALM 0 CALM 0 CALM 0 CALM 0 S 4
12 CALM 0 SW 4 CALM 0 CALM 0 CALM 0 S 4
13 VRB 4 NE 8 CALM 0 CALM 0 CALM 0 S 2
14 CALM 0 CALM 0 CALM 0 ENE 2 CALM 0 CALM 0
15 CALM 0 NE 2 CALM 0 VRB 4 VRB 2 CALM 0
16 NE 4 NE 4 CALM 0 CALM 0 VRB 2 CALM 0
17 CALM 0 CALM 0 CALM 0 CALM 0 CALM 0 CALM 0
18 ENE 4 ENE 6 CALM 0 CALM 0 CALM 0 CALM 0
19 ENE 4 ENE 6 CALM 0 CALM 0 CALM 0 CALM 0
20 VRB 4 NE 6 CALM 0 ENE 4 CALM 0 CALM 0
21 ENE 6 ENE 4 NE 8 NE 6 CALM 0 CALM 0
22 VRB 4 NE 6 ENE 6 E 4 CALM 0 CALM 0
23 NE 4 VRB 4 VRB 4 CALM 0 ENE 4 CALM 0
24 VRB 4 CALM 0 CALM 0 CALM 0 CALM 0 CALM 0
25 CALM 0 VRB 2 CALM 0 CALM 0 CALM 0 CALM 0
26 CALM 0 ENE 6 CALM 0 E 2 CALM 0 CALM 0
27 NE 8 NE 4 CALM 0 CALM 0 ENE 6 CALM 0
28 CALM 0 ENE 4 CALM 0 CALM 0 CALM 0 CALM 0
29 CALM 0 NE 8 CALM 0 CALM 0 NE 4 CALM 0
30 NE 8 ENE 10 CALM 0 CALM 0 NE 4 CALM 0
31 ENE 14 ENE 14 ` CALM 0 SE 2

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Table 19: Daily Wind Direction and Wind Speed in Kmph

Station: Gannavaram (For Krishna District wells)
Proposed locations in West Godavari PML Block

OCTOBER-2012 NOVEMBER-2012 DECEMBER-2012

DATE 0830 1730 0830 1730 0830 1730
WD WS WD WS WD WS WD WS WD WS WD WS
1 CALM 0 CALM 0 NE 6 CALM 0 CALM 0 SE 6
2 CALM 0 CALM 0 E 4 ESE 4 CALM 0 CALM 0
3 CALM 0 CALM 0 CALM 0 CALM 0 E 6 E 4
4 CALM 0 CALM 0 CALM 0 CALM 0 E 4 E 4
5 CALM 0 CALM 0 CALM 0 CALM 0 CALM 0 E 4
6 CALM 0 CALM 0 CALM 0 CALM 0 CALM 0 CALM 0
7 CALM 0 CALM 0 CALM 0 CALM 0 CALM 0 CALM 0
8 CALM 0 CALM 0 CALM 0 CALM 0 CALM 0 CALM 0
9 CALM 0 CALM 0 SE 4 CALM 0 CALM 0 CALM 0
10 CALM 0 CALM 0 CALM 0 CALM 0 CALM 0 CALM 0
11 CALM 0 CALM 0 SE 4 CALM 0 CALM 0 CALM 0
12 CALM 0 CALM 0 E 4 CALM 0 CALM 0 CALM 0
13 CALM 0 CALM 0 ENE 4 CALM 0 CALM 0 CALM 0
14 CALM 0 CALM 0 CALM 0 CALM 0 ESE 4 CALM 0
15 CALM 0 CALM 0 CALM 0 CALM 0 NE 4 CALM 0
16 NNE 4 CALM 0 CALM 0 CALM 0 CALM 0 CALM 0
17 CALM 0 CALM 0 CALM 0 CALM 0 CALM 0 CALM 0
18 CALM 0 CALM 0 NW 4 CALM 0 NE 4 CALM 0
19 NNE 6 CALM 0 CALM 0 CALM 0 CALM 0 CALM 0
20 CALM 0 CALM 0 NW 4 CALM 0 ENE 4 CALM 0
21 ENE 6 CALM 0 NNE 10 E 4 CALM 0 CALM 0
22 NE 6 CALM 0 ENE 10 E 6 CALM 0 CALM 0
23 CALM 0 CALM 0 E 8 CALM 0 CALM 0 SE 4
24 CALM 0 CALM 0 CALM 0 CALM 0 CALM 0 CALM 0
25 CALM 0 CALM 0 NE 4 CALM 0 CALM 0 CALM 0
26 CALM 0 CALM 0 E 4 CALM 0 E 4 SE 4
27 CALM 0 CALM 0 CALM 0 CALM 0 CALM 0 CALM 0
28 NE 6 CALM 0 CALM 0 CALM 0 ESE 4 CALM 0
29 CALM 0 E 4 CALM 0 CALM 0 E 6 E 4
30 XX XX E 4 CALM 0 CALM 0 CALM 0 E 4
31 NE 8 NE 12 E 10 CALM 0

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Table 20: Monthly Meteorological Data for the Year – 2012

STATION YEAR MONTH MAX MIN RF RHI RHII

KAKINADA 2012 10 32.5 24.6 86.1 78 71
KAKINADA 2012 11 30.4 22.2 406.3 83 74
KAKINADA 2012 12 30.1 20.2 0.0 80 69
GANNAVARAM 2012 10 32.3 22.7 134.4 84 78
GANNAVARAM 2012 11 30.9 20.5 215.8 87 74
GANNAVARAM 2012 12 31.2 18.9 0.0 86 70

LEGEND: WD DIRECTION OF WIND

WS SPED OF THE WIND IN KILO METRE PER HOUR
N NORTHERLY DIRECTION
NNW NORTH NORTH WESTERLY
NW NORTH WESTERLY
WNW WEST NORTHWESTERLY
W WESTERLY
WSW WEST SOUTHWESTERLY
SW SOUTH WESTERTY
SSW SOUTH SOUTHWESTERLY
S SOUTHERLY
SSE SOUTH SOUTHEASTERLY
SE SOUTH EASTERLY
ESE EAST SOUTHEASTERLY
E EASTERLY
ENE EAST NORTHEASTERLY
NE NORTH EASTERLY
NNE NORTH NORTHEASTERLY
VRB VARIABLE
MAX MEAN MAXIMUM TEMPERATURE IN DEGREE CELSIUS
MIN MEAN MINIMUM TEMPERATURE INDEGREE CELSIUS
RF TOTAL RAINFALL IN THE MONTH IN MILLIMETERS
RHI MEAN RELATIVE HUMIDITY IN % FOR 0830 HRS IST
RHII MEAN RELATIVE HUMIDITY N% FOR 1730 HRS IST
XX DATA NOT AVAILABLE

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Fig. 7: Wind Rose Diagram for 1st - 9th October, 2012

Kakinada Station (For East Godavari and West Godavari District wells)
Proposed locations in Godavari Onland PML Block

Wind Speed:
0-5 Kmph
5-10 Kmph
10-15 Kmph
15-20 Kmph

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Fig. 8: Wind Rose Diagram for 10th- 18th November, 2012

Kakinada Station (For East Godavari and West Godavari District wells)
Proposed locations in Godavari Onland PML Block

0-5 Kmph
5-10 Kmph
10-15 Kmph
15-20 Kmph
Wind Speed:

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Fig. 9: Wind Rose Diagram for 19th- 27th December, 2012

Kakinada Station (For East Godavari and West Godavari District wells)
Proposed locations in Godavari Onland PML Block

Wind Speed:

0-5 Kmph
5-10 Kmph
10-15 Kmph
15-20 Kmph
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Fig. 10: Wind Rose Diagram for 19th - 27th October, 2012
Gannavaram Station (For Krishna District wells)
Proposed locations in West Godavari PML Block

Wind Speed:

0-5 Kmph
5-10 Kmph
10-15 Kmph
15-20 Kmph

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Fig. 11: Wind Rose Diagram for 10th- 18th November, 2012
Gannavaram Station (For Krishna District wells)
Proposed locations in West Godavari PML Block

Wind Speed:

0-5 Kmph
5-10 Kmph
10-15 Kmph
15-20 Kmph

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Fig. 12: Wind Rose Diagram for 19th- 27th December, 2012
Gannavaram Station (For Krishna District wells)
Proposed locations in West Godavari PML Block

Wind Speed:

0-5 Kmph
5-10 Kmph
10-15 Kmph
15-20 Kmph

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6.1.3 Noise Environment

Noise level measurement locations were identified for assessment of existing noise
level status, keeping in view the land use pattern, residential areas in villages, schools,
etc., the day levels of noise have been monitored during 6 AM to 10 PM and the night
levels during 10 PM to 6 AM. Range of values of Noise levels is given in the table below
Table 21: Range of values of ambient Noise level quality
West Godavari
S. Noise East Godavari Krishna District
District (13
no. Levels District (22 wells) (5 wells)
wells)
1 Day Time 42.8-57.4 dB 48.6-56.9 dB 42.7-54.6 dB
2 Night Time 35.4-44.3 dB 40.0-44.9 dB 36.2-44.8 dB

Noise levels varied from a minimum value of 42.7 dB to maximum of 57.4 dB in day
time and in night time the noise levels varied from a minimum value of 35.4 dB to
maximum of 44.9 dB amongst all the locations. Noise levels data at proposed locations
in Godavari Onland and West Godavari PML Blocks was collected and is given in the
tables below:

Table 22: Ambient Noise Levels (Base Line Data Measured During Oct-Dec 2012)
at proposed Locations in Godavari Onland and West Godavari PML Block of East
Godavari, West Godavari and Krishna District

Equivalent Noise
Sl.
Site Location Levels in dB (A)
No.
Day Time Night Time
Location 1 48.7 36.4
Mandapeta (8
1 Location 2 50.7 42.8
wells)
Location 3 42.8 38.7
Location 1 51.6 40.5
2 Kesavadasupalem Location 2 54.3 42.0
Location 3 56.9 42.9
Location 1 57.4 43.2
Kesanapalli West
3 Location 2 55.8 42.9
(5 wells)
Location 3 53.7 43.4
Location 1 52.7 43.2
Kammapalem (7
4 Location 2 48.5 35.4
wells)
Location 3 50.1 42.7

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Location 1 53.0 44.3

5 Vygreswaram Location 2 49.7 40.6
Location 3 49.5 40.3
Location 1 56.7 43.3
Penugonda (10
6 Location 2 52.8 43.9
wells)
Location 3 48.6 40.0
Location 1 54.1 40.1
Lakshmaneswaram
7 Location 2 53.5 43.6
/ LSDA
Location 3 54.6 44.9
Penugonda Location 1 56.9 44.2
8 PGDA and PGDB Location 2 54.7 43.5
Location 3 51.4 43.7
Location 1 51.2 39.7
9
Kaikaluru (3 wells) Location 2 49.8 37.4
Location 3 42.7 36.2
Location 1 54.6 42.1
10 Lingala Location 2 53.8 44.2
Location 3 54.3 40.9
Location 1 53.1 41.7
11 Nandigama Location 2 52.8 43.2
Location 3 49.2 44.8

1. Day time is reckoned in between 6 am to 10 pm

2. Night time is reckoned in between 10 pm to 6 am

6.1.4 Water Quality

During the study, ground water monitoring stations were selected for water quality
assessment. The parameters tested included pH, TDS, Chlorides, TSS, EC, Heavy
metals and other parameters in line with the requirement of regulatory agencies.

Samples of ground water and surface water were analyzed for base line studies at
proposed new locations. Range of values of parameters of Water quality is given in the
table below:

Table 23: Range of values of parameters of Water quality

West Godavari
S. East Godavari Krishna District (5
Parameters District (13
no. District (22 wells) wells)
wells)
1 pH 7.04– 7.60 7.31 – 7.62 7.22 – 7.51
2 EC 262-1082mhos/cm 342-954mhos/cm 335-1977mhos/cm

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3 Turbidity 0.2-0.8 NTU 0.3-0.7 NTU 0.5-3 NTU

4 TDS 174-699 mg/L 211-609 mg/L 217-5760 mg/L
5 TSS 4.3-9.6 mg/L 3.6-9.3 mg/L 4-8.8 mg/L
Total Alkalinity
6 74-256 mg/l 106-345 mg/l 94-887 mg/l
as CaCO3
Total
7 Hardness as 110-378 mg/l 141-359 mg/l 139-1540 mg/l
CaCO3
8 Calcium as Ca 26-92 mg/l 35.2-68 mg/l 34-228 mg/l
Magnesium as
9 10.5-35.9 mg/l 13-46 mg/l 13.1-233 mg/l
Mg
Chlorides as
10 47-233 mg/l 51.6-181 mg/l 78-2130 mg/l
Cl
Sulphates as
11 4-31.8 mg/l 9.5-24.3 mg/l 5.2-94 mg/l
SO4
Nitrate as
12 0.04-2.14 mg/l 0.041-2.49 mg/l 0.027-2.78 mg/l
NO3
13 Sodium as Na 17.5-88.5 mg/l 18-55 mg/l 37.2-1024 mg/l
14 BOD 1.1-2.9 ppm 1.3-1.8 ppm 1.7-2.6 ppm
Potassium as
15 1.5-5.2 mg/l 1-3.5 mg/l 1.2-16 mg/l
K
Sulphide &
16 Phenolic Negligible amounts Negligible amounts Negligible amounts
Compounds
17 Iron as Fe 0.01-0.07 mg/l 0.01-0.09 mg/l 0.005-0.054 mg/l
Chromium as
18 0.001-0.003 mg/l <0.001 mg/l 0.001-0.005 mg/l
Cr
19 Lead as Pb 0.001-0.005 mg/l 0.001-0.003 mg/l 0.001-0.009 mg/l
Cadmium as
20 <0.001 mg/l <0.001 mg/l <0.001 mg/l
Cd
21 Copper as Cu 0.001-0.002 mg/l 0.001-0.002 mg/l 0.001-0.002
22 Nickel as Ni <0.001 mg/l <0.001 mg/l <0.001 mg/l
23 Zinc as Zn 0.001-0.17 mg/l 0.002-0.05 mg/l 0.001-0.12 mg/l
24 Fluoride as F 0.48-0.89 mg/l 0.63-0.80 mg/l 0.55-0.88 mg/l
Phosphates
25 0.08-0.74 mg/l 0.06-0.49 mg/l 0.09-0.78 mg/l
as PO4
26 Arsenic as As <0.001 mg/l <0.001 mg/l <0.001 mg/l

Manganese
27 0.001-0.002 mg/l 0.001-0.003 mg/l 0.001-0.006 mg/l
as Mn
Residual
28 Nil Nil Nil
Chlorine
29 Oil & grease Not detected Not detected Not detected

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Water Quality Data at proposed locations in Godavari Onland and West Godavari PML
Blocks was collected and compared with the Permissible Limits as per IS 10500:2012 of
Drinking Water Specification and is given in the following tables below:

Table 24: Water Quality Data at proposed locations in Godavari Onland PML
Block of East Godavari District (I)
Sampling done in Oct-Dec ‘12

Mandapeta (8 Kesavdasupalem Permissible

S.No. LOCATION
wells) Limit as per
Ground Surface Ground Surface IS
Parameters Unit
Water Water Water Water 10500:2012

1. pH - 7.60 7.32 7.44 7.18 6.5-8.5

2. EC mhos/cm 718 311 821 372

NTU 0.5 0.8 0.4 0.5 5

3. Turbidity
mg/l 444 186 535 241 2000
4. TDS
mg/l 5.8 8.4 6.3 9.6
5. TSS
Total
6. Alkalinity as mg/l 225 88 256 104 600
CaCO3
Total
7. Hardness mg/l 274 130 315 154 600
as CaCO3
Calcium as mg/l 69.6 26 74.7 37.8 200
8. Ca
Magnesium mg/l 24.3 15.7 31.2 14.6 100
9. as Mg
Chlorides mg/l 115 47 192 86.7 1000
10. as Cl
Sulphates mg/l 26.5 4.5 31.8 5.7 400
11. as SO4
Nitrate as mg/l 1.85 0.052 2.14 0.09 45
12. NO3
Sodium as mg/l 42.3 17.5 61.5 41.3
13. Na
14. BOD ppm 1.1 2.9 1.2 2.1

Potassium mg/l 4.0 1.5 5.0 2.2

15. as K
16. Sulphides mg/l NIL NIL NIL NIL 0.05

Phenolic mg/l NIL NIL NIL NIL 0.002

17. Compounds

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18. Iron as Fe mg/l 0.042 0.030 0.06 0.04 0.3

Chromium mg/l <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 0.05

19. as Cr
20. Lead as Pb mg/l 0.005 <0.001 0.002 <0.001 0.01

Cadmium mg/l <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 0.003

21. as Cd
Copper as mg/l <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 1.5
22. Cu
23. Nickel as Ni mg/l <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 0.02

24. Zinc as Zn mg/l 0.005 0.001 0.006 0.001 15

Fluoride as mg/l 0.62 0.48 0.73 0.61 1.5

25. F
Phosphates mg/l 0.15 0.08 0.2 0.1
26. as PO4
Arsenic as mg/l <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 0.05
27. As
Manganese mg/l 0.003 <0.001 0.002 <0.001 0.3
28. as Mn
Residual mg/l Nil Nil Nil Nil 1
29. Chlorine

Table 25: Water Quality Data at proposed locations in Godavari Onland PML
Block of East Godavari District (II)
Sampling done in Oct-Dec ‘12

Kesanapalli Kammapalem
S.No. LOCATION Vygreswaram
Permissible
West (5 wells) (7 wells)
Limit as per
Ground Surface Ground Surface Ground Surface IS
Parameters Unit
Water Water Water Water Water Water 10500:2012

1. pH - 7.25 7.04 7.28 7.35 7.33 7.09 6.5-8.5

2. EC mhos/cm 590 262 1082 496 656 297

Turbidity NTU 0.2 0.6 0.4 0.6 0.3 0.5 5

3.
TDS mg/l 385 174 699 307 428 192 2000
4.
TSS mg/l 5.4 8.9 4.3 8.6 4.5 8.1
5.
Total

6. Alkalinity as mg/l 183 74 192 122 204 83.0 600

CaCO3

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Total

7. Hardness mg/l 227 110 378 186 252 123 600

as CaCO3
Calcium as
8. mg/l 53.8 27.1 92 42.4 59.8 30.2 200
Ca
Magnesium
9. mg/l 22.5 10.5 35.9 19.4 25.0 11.7 100
as Mg
Chlorides
10. mg/l 137 62.4 233 106 153 69.3 1000
as Cl
Sulphates
11. mg/l 22.8 4.0 22.6 12.5 25.4 4.5 400
as SO4
Nitrate as
12. mg/l 1.53 0.04 3.06 0.048 1.71 0.05 45
NO3
Sodium as
13. mg/l 44.2 29.7 88.5 42.6 49.2 33.0
Na

14. BOD ppm 1.2 1.6 1.3 1.8 1.1 1.7

Potassium
15. mg/l 2.0 1.0 5.2 2.0 3.0 1.0
as K

16. Sulphides mg/l NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL 0.05

Phenolic
17. Compounds mg/l NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL 0.002

18. Iron as Fe mg/l 0.07 0.03 0.05 0.01 0.04 0.02 0.3

Chromium
19. mg/l <0.001 <0.001 0.003 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 0.05
as Cr

20. Lead as Pb mg/l <0.001 <0.001 0.002 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 0.01

Cadmium
21. mg/l <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 0.003
as Cd
Copper as
22. mg/l <0.001 <0.001 0.002 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 1.5
Cu

23. Nickel as Ni mg/l <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 0.02

24. Zinc as Zn mg/l 0.002 0.001 0.17 0.04 0.002 0.001 15

25. Fluoride as mg/l 0.77 0.69 0.89 0.67 0.72 0.63 1.5

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F
Phosphates
26. mg/l 0.15 0.10 0.74 0.11 0.23 0.11
as PO4
Arsenic as
27. mg/l <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 0.05
As
Manganese
28. mg/l <0.001 <0.001 0.002 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 0.3
as Mn
Residual mg/l Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil 1
29. Chlorine

Table 26: Water Quality Data at proposed locations in Godavari Onland PML
Block of West Godavari District
Sampling done in Oct-Dec ‘12

Penugonda (10 Penugonda PGDA/ Lakshmaneswar

S.No. LOCATION Permissib
wells) PGDB am LSDA
le Limit as
Surfac Surfa per IS
Ground Ground Surface Ground
Parameters Unit e ce 10500:201
Water Water Water Water
Water Water 2

1. pH - 7.61 7.55 7.36 7.41 7.62 7.31 6.5-8.5

mho 403 342

2. EC 884 954 342 527
s/cm

NTU 0.4 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.3 0.6 5

3. Turbidity
mg/l 542 259 609 211 338 219 2000
4. TDS
mg/l 5.9 7.8 3.6 9.3 5.5 8.2
5. TSS
Total
6. Alkalinity as mg/l 318 137 345 108 168 106 600
CaCO3
Total
7. Hardness as mg/l 321 172 359 141 255 164 600
CaCO3
Calcium as mg/l 60.4 35.2 68 35 62 37.6 200
8. Ca
Magnesium mg/l 41.5 20.4 46 13 24.3 17.0 100
9. as Mg
Chlorides as mg/l 151 68.5 181 54 88.2 51.6 1000
10. Cl
Sulphates mg/l 24.3 9.8 15.2 9.5 14.2 10.1 400
11. as SO4

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Nitrate as mg/l 2.7 0.05 2.08 0.06 2.49 0.041 45

12. NO3
Sodium as mg/l 45.0 23.0 55 18 30.1 20.0
13. Na
14. BOD ppm 1.7 1.8 1.6 1.8 1.3 1.7

Potassium mg/l 3.5 1.2 3.0 1.0 3.5 1.0

15. as K
16. Sulphides mg/l NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL 0.05

Phenolic mg/l NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL 0.002

17. Compounds

18. Iron as Fe mg/l 0.04 0.02 0.09 0.01 0.05 0.03 0.3

Chromium <0.00
19. mg/l <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 0.05
as Cr 1

<0.00
20. Lead as Pb mg/l 0.003 <0.001 0.002 <0.001 0.003 0.01
1

Cadmium as <0.00
21. mg/l <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 0.003
Cd 1

Copper as <0.00
22. mg/l 0.001 <0.001 0.002 <0.001 0.002 1.5
Cu 1

<0.00
23. Nickel as Ni mg/l <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 0.02
1

24. Zinc as Zn mg/l 0.05 0.01 0.05 0.02 0.005 0.002 15

Fluoride as mg/l 0.80 0.63 0.75 0.70 0.80 0.63 1.5

25. F
Phosphates mg/l 0.43 0.12 0.49 0.08 0.26 0.06
26. as PO4
Arsenic as <0.00
27. mg/l <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 0.05
As 1

Manganese <0.00
28. mg/l 0.003 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 0.002 0.3
as Mn 1

Residual mg/l Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil 1

29. Chlorine

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Table 27: Water Quality Data at proposed locations in West Godavari PML Block
of Krishna District
Sampling done in Oct-Dec ‘12

Kaikaluru field (3 Permissible

S.No. LOCATION Lingala Nandigama
wells) Limit as per
Ground Surface Ground Surface Ground Surface IS
Parameters Unit
Water Water Water Water Water Water 10500:2012

1. pH - 7.22 7.24 7.3 7.28 7.51 7.26 6.5-8.5

2. EC mhos/cm 1761 1088 1977 1114 739 335

Turbidity NTU 0.5 0.7 3 0.8 0.6 0.9 5

3.
TDS mg/l 1095 665 5760 688 482 217 2000
4.
TSS mg/l 6.4 8.8 4 8.2 5.5 8.1
5.
Total

6. Alkalinity as mg/l 705 406 887 481 231 94 600

CaCO3
Total

7. Hardness mg/l 415 335 1540 411 284 139 600

as CaCO3
Calcium as
8. mg/l 74 58 228 72 67.2 34 200
Ca
Magnesium
9. mg/l 55.8 46.1 233 50.8 28.1 13.1 100
as Mg
Chlorides
10. mg/l 365 218 2130 269 173 78 1000
as Cl
Sulphates
11. mg/l 20.1 12.5 94.0 18.7 28.6 5.2 400
as SO4
Nitrate as
12. mg/l 2.78 0.027 2.23 0.058 1.93 0.08 45
NO3
Sodium as
13. mg/l 122 72.6 1024 87.3 55.4 37.2
Na

14. BOD ppm 1.7 2.2 1.8 2.6 1.6 1.9

15. Potassium mg/l 5.8 1.2 16 2.2 4.5 2.0

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as K

16. Sulphides mg/l NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL 0.05

Phenolic
17. Compounds mg/l NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL 0.002

18. Iron as Fe mg/l 0.029 0.004 0.032 0.005 0.054 0.036 0.3

Chromium
19. mg/l 0.005 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 0.05
as Cr

20. Lead as Pb mg/l 0.009 <0.001 0.007 <0.001 0.004 <0.001 0.01

Cadmium
21. mg/l <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 0.003
as Cd
Copper as
22. mg/l 0.002 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 1.5
Cu

23. Nickel as Ni mg/l <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 0.02

24. Zinc as Zn mg/l 0.12 0.008 0.07 0.005 0.003 0.001 15

Fluoride as
25. mg/l 0.88 0.69 0.74 0.68 0.66 0.55 1.5
F
Phosphates
26. mg/l 0.64 0.15 0.78 0.20 0.18 0.09
as PO4
Arsenic as
27. mg/l <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 0.05
As
Manganese
28. mg/l 0.006 <0.001 0.003 <0.001 0.002 <0.001 0.3
as Mn
Residual mg/l Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil 1
29.
Chlorine

6.1.5 Soil Environment

During the study, soil sampling stations were selected for soil quality assessment. The
parameters tested included pH, moisture %, Calcium, Magnesium, Organic matter %,
SAR and other parameters in line with the requirement of regulatory agencies.

Samples of soil were analyzed for base line data generation at proposed new locations.
Range of values of parameters of soil quality is given in the table below:

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Table 28: Range of values of parameters of soil quality

S. West Godavari
East Godavari Krishna District (5
No. LOCATION District (13
District (22 wells) wells)
wells)
PARAMETERS
1. Physical Brown Colour Brown Colour Brown Colour
Appearance
2. pH (1:5 Soil 7.37-8.33 8.05-8.21 8.17-7.95
water extract)
3. 375-628
E.C.(1:5 Soil 536-785 mhos/cm 428-549 mhos/cm
water extract) mhos/cm

4. Moisture 11.1-14.4% 11.2-13.6% 10.2-11.4%

5. Chloride as Cl 82-126 mg/100gm 116-158 mg/100gm 114-121 mg/100gm

6. Nitrogen as N 0.09-0.18% 0.13-0.15% 0.11-0.16%

7. Calcium as Ca 98-145 mg/100gm 106-203 mg/100gm 127-152 mg/100gm

8. Magnesium as 44-58 mg/100gm 41-71 mg/100gm 49-53 mg/100gm

Mg
9. Phosphorous 61-118 mg/100gm 63-68 mg/100gm 68-110 mg/100gm
as P2O5
10. Potassium as 21-338 mg/100gm 255-295 mg/100gm 302-314 mg/100gm
K2O
11. Sulphate as 70.3-86 mg/100gm 71-125 mg/100gm 84-86 mg/100gm
SO4
12. Organic 0.66-0.88% 0.91-1.29% 0.79-1.34%
matter
13. Organic 0.38-0.51% 0.47-0.75% 0.46-0.78%
Carbon
14. SAR 1.81-2.05 2.01-6.85 1.99-3.24

15. Sodium 22.1-28.5% 22.0-26.0% 22.6-29.4%

Soil Quality Data at proposed locations in Godavari Onland and West Godavari PML
Blocks was collected and is given in the following tables below:

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Table 29: Soil Analysis (Base Line Data) at proposed locations in Godavari
Onland PML Block of East Godavari District (I) Sampling done in Oct-Dec ‘12

S. Kesavdaspalem Kesanapalli
Mandapeta (8
No. LOCATION West (5
wells)
wells)
PARAMETERS UNITS
1. Physical Brown
- Brown Colour Brown Colour
Appearance Colour

2. pH (1:5 Soil 8.08 8.01 7.37

water extract)
3. E.C.(1:5 Soil mhos/cm 445 442 375
water extract)
4. Moisture % 13.6 11.1 12.6

5. Chloride as Cl mg/100gm 102 121 82

6. Nitrogen as N % 0.10 0.18 0.14

7. Calcium as Ca mg/100gm 145 134 98

8. Magnesium as mg/100gm 44 55 46
Mg
9. Phosphorous mg/100gm 66 118 101
as P2O5
10. Potassium as mg/100gm 338 309 212
K2O
11. Sulphate as mg/100gm 78 82 70.3
SO4
12. Organic matter % 0.75 0.75 0.66

13. Organic % 0.43 0.41 0.38

Carbon
14. SAR - 1.95 1.92 1.81

15. Sodium % 28.3 28.0 26.7

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Table 30: Soil Analysis (Base Line Data) at proposed locations in Godavari
Onland PML Block of East Godavari District (II)

Sampling done in Oct-Dec ‘12

s. LOCATION Kammapalem (7
Vygreswaram
No. wells)
PARAMETERS
1. Physical - Brown Colour Brown Colour
Appearance
2. pH (1:5 Soil water 8.33 7.74
extract)
3. E.C.(1:5 Soil water mhos/cm 628 401
extract)
4. Moisture % 14.4 10.0

5. Chloride as Cl mg/100gm 126 106

6. Nitrogen as N % 0.09 0.16

7. Calcium as Ca mg/100gm 132 122

8. Magnesium as Mg mg/100gm 58 50

9. Phosphorous as mg/100gm 61 107

P2O5
10. Potassium as K2O mg/100gm 294 280

11. Sulphate as SO4 mg/100gm 86 74.5

12. Organic matter % 0.88 0.68

13. Organic Carbon % 0.51 0.38

14. SAR - 2.05 1.87

15. Sodium % 22.1 28.5

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Table 31: Soil Analysis (Base Line Data) at proposed locations in Godavari
Onland PML Block of West Godavari District. Sampling done in Oct-Dec ‘12

S. Penugonda Penugonda Lakshmaneswaram

LOCATION
No. (10 wells) PGDA/PGDB LSDA
PARAMETERS Unit

1. Physical Brown
- Brown Colour Brown Colour
Appearance Colour

2. pH (1:5 Soil water 8.10 8.21 8.05

extract)
3. E.C.(1:5 Soil water mhos/cm 536 604 785
extract)
4. Moisture % 11.2 13.6 13.0

5. Chloride as Cl mg/100gm 116 122 158

6. Nitrogen as N % 0.13 0.15 0.13

7. Calcium as Ca mg/100gm 144 106 203

8. Magnesium as Mg mg/100gm 41 44 71

9. Phosphorous as mg/100gm 65 63 68
P2O5
10. Potassium as K2O mg/100gm 295 255 276

11. Sulphate as SO4 mg/100gm 82 71 125

12. Organic matter % 1.29 0.82 0.91

13. Organic Carbon % 0.75 0.47 0.53

14. SAR - 3.05 2.01 6.85

15. Sodium % 23.4 22.0 26.0

Table 32: Soil Analysis (Base Line Data) at proposed locations in West Godavari
PML Block of Krishna District. Sampling done in Oct-Dec ‘12

S. Kaikaluru field
LOCATION Nandigama
No. (3 wells)
PARAMETERS UNITS
1. Physical Brown
- Brown Colour
Appearance Colour

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2. pH (1:5 Soil 8.17 7.95

water extract)
3. E.C.(1:5 Soil mhos/cm 549 428
water extract)
4. Moisture % 11.4 10.2

5. Chloride as Cl mg/100gm 121 114

6. Nitrogen as N % 0.11 0.16

7. Calcium as Ca mg/100gm 152 127

8. Magnesium as mg/100gm 49 53
Mg
9. Phosphorous mg/100gm 68 110
as P2O5
10. Potassium as mg/100gm 302 314
K2O
11. Sulphate as mg/100gm 86 84
SO4
12. Organic matter % 1.34 0.79

13. Organic % 0.78 0.46

Carbon
14. SAR - 3.24 1.99

15. Sodium % 22.6 29.4

6.1.5 Biological Environment

6.1.5.1 Biodiversity of the Study Area

The study area consists of dominantly soil system where the irrigation is supported by
network of river canals. Consistent with the variety of soils, climate and the past
management the study area bears a variety with different species and composition.
Essentially all are tropical vegetation identified into various ecological formations. Trees,
shrubs and herbs were recorded for measuring plant‟s importance. Qualitatively, flora
can be assessed by delineating the type, its habitat, unique vegetation features and
interrelations with other community members. A sizable number of animal species were
found to be recorded by the forest department of the area. Apart from barren lands,
open grassland, herbs, shrubs, bushes and aquatic impoundments are favorable
habitats for the wild animals. Besides obtaining a sufficiency of food, self-preservation

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for the animals implies the ability to protect itself against other animals which live in its
surroundings, against fellows of its own or other species, against enemies which seek to
harm or destroy it. Quite apart from their general alertness and quickness of movement,
characters in which they are equaled only by birds, mammals possess a varied armory
of weapons of offence and defense.

6.1.5.2 Vegetative Composition of the Study Area

East Godavari District
The detail of the growing stock of the district is as follows:
a. Total growing stock is 20.40 million M3. Of this, 18.53 million M3 is in Dense
Forest, 1.72 million M3 in Open and 0.16 million M3 in the Scrub Forest.
b. Average growing stock of the division is 63.07 M3/Ha. Canopy class-wise
average growing stocks are 75.79 M3 /Ha in Dense, 41.36 M3 /Ha in Open and
22.81 M3 /Ha in Scrub Forest.

Fig 13: Forest Distribution in East Godavari District

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c. The 5 species contributing maximum to the Growing Stock in the division

and their contribution is given in the table below.
S. Species Name Volume in Million M3
No.
1 Xylia xylocarpa 3.92
2 Pterocarpus marsupium 0.98
3 Terminalia tomentosa 0.81
4 Mangifera indica 1.33
5 Anogeissus latifolia 1.24

d. The total number of stems in the division is 64.76 million. Of these, 56.44
million fall in Dense, 7.74 million in the Open and 0.58 million in Scrub Forest.
e. Average number of stems per Ha in division is 200. They are in Dense Forest -
231 /Ha, Open Forest - 187 /Ha and in Scrub Forest - 84 /Ha.
f. Top 5 prominent species in terms of number of stems in the division are
Xylia xylocarpa, Anogeissus latifolia, Terminalia tomentosa, Tectona grandis and
Cassia siamea.
Non-Teak Miscellaneous Hardwood Forests species that are commonly found
dominating the canopy are Xylia xylocarpa, Pterocarpus marsupium, Adina
cordifolia, Anogeissus latifolia, Terminalia alata, T. arjuna, T. bellerica, Mitragyna
parviflora, Ougenia dalbergeioidis, Kydia calycina, Mangifera indica, Diospyros
melanoxylon, Buchnania lanzan, Dalbergia latifolia, Gmelina arborea, Lannea
coromandalica, Lagerstroemia spp. Dendrocalamus strictus, Bamboosa
arundinaceae etc. Such Forests are predominant in East Godavari District. Besides,
these forests are rich in biodiversity and are the home for a variety of herbs, shrubs
and climber that are valued for their medicinal properties.

Bamboo Forests: The predominant species of bamboo are Dendrocalamus strictus,

Dendrocalamus hamiltonii and Bamboosa arundinacea. Bamboosa arundinacea
occurs in moist localities along the streams. Dendrocalamus hamiltonii occurs in
moist localities a little away from streams and in moist valleys. Dendrocalamus

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strictus is widely distributed even in relatively drier localities. These species occur
gregariously as a middle storey in the natural stands in patches. However they are
seen to grow copiously in areas with relatively wide canopy openings. While
Dendrocalamus hamiltonii is confined to Visakhapatnam and East Godavari the
other two species are distributed all over the state.
Table 33: Species Wise Growing Stock- East Godavari Catchment
Forest area 6548.00 Sq. Km.

Species Volume (%)

Xylia Xylocarpa 15.3
Anogeissus latifolia 9.5
Terminalia tomentosa 9.1
Pterocarpus marsupium 7.3
Miscellaneous species - 4.5
Syzygium cumini 3.3
Lannea coromandelica 2.6
Mangifera indica 2.4
Dillena pentagyna 2.2
Schleichera oleosa 2.2
Garuga pinnata 2.2
Lagerstroemiaparvifora 2.2
Cleistantus collinus 1.9
Grewia tiliaefolia 1.7
Diospyros melanoxylon 1.7
Bursera Serrate 1.6
Adina cordifolia 1.5
Madhuca longifolia & latifolia 1.5
Terminalia chebula 1.4
Terminalia belerica 1.2
Ougeinia dalbergiodes 1.1
Stereospermum suaveolens & S. Xylocarpum 0.9
Gmelina arborea 0.9
Tamarindus indica 0.9
Mitragyna parvifolia 0.7
Bridelia squamosa (B. retusa) 0.6
Dalberigia paniculata 0.7
Buchanania lanzan + B. ungustifolia 0.5

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Emblica officinalis 0.5

Sterculiaurens 0.6
Rest of species
LESS FREQUENT SPECIES GROUPED BY UTILITY CLASSES
Big timber species 1.5
Small timber species 1.8
Pulpable species 9.2
Fuel species and the rest 1.7
TOTAL 100.4
Source: Andhra Pradesh Forest Department, Facts and Figures, 2009

West Godavari District

Forest types in West Godavari district include moist deciduous forests confined mostly
to Paapi hills, dry deciduous forests in agency tract and thorny forests in upland region.
The forest area is more in Polavaran Buttayguden, Jediugumilli. Shrub type forest
appears in Pedavegi, Chintantanlapudi mandals. The forests in Eluru division are
spread over the land mass in Krishna and West Godavari districts that lies between
Godavari and Krishna River. The southern half of the land area in this division is
coastal plain with vast delta formed by rivers Godavari & Krishna where almost whole
area is under agriculture. The forest areas of this division are confined to northern half
of the land areas where they generally clothed the hills & hill slopes.

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Fig 14: Forest Distribution in West Godavari District

 Total growing stock is 5.27 million M3. Of this, 4.81 million M3 is in Dense
Forest, 0.42 million M3 in Open and 0.04 million M3 in the Scrub Forest.
 Average growing stock of the division is 68.22 M3/Ha. Canopy class-wise
average growing stocks are 85.32 M3 /Ha in Dense, 33.61 M3 /Ha in Open and
19.07 M3 /Ha in Scrub Forest.
 The 5 species contributing maximum to the Growing Stock in the division
and their contribution is given in the following table:
S. No. Species Name Volume in Million M3
1 Xylia xylocarpa 1.46
2 Anogeissus latifolia 0.49

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3 Lannea coromandelica 0.24

4 Terminalia tomentosa 0.18
5 Dalbergia paniculata 0.17

 The total number of stems in the division is 21.46 million. Of these, 18.05 million
fall in Dense, 3.21 million in the Open and 0.20 million in Scrub Forest.
 Average number of stems per Ha in division is 278. They are in Dense Forest -
320 /Ha, in Open Forest - 254 /Ha and in Scrub Forest - 105 /Ha.
 Top 5 prominent species in terms of number of stems in the division are
Xylia xylocarpa, Anogeisus latifolia, Cleistanthus collinus, Eucalyptus tereticornis
and Wrightia tomentosa.
Table 34: List of Major Shrubs & Trees in West Godavari District

S. Name of Plant Family

no.
1. Boerhavia diffusa Nyctanginaceae
2. Evolvulus nummularis Convolulaceae
3. Gomphrina ceosioide Amaranthaceae
4. Zizipus mauritiana Rhamnaceae
5. Achyranthus aspera Amaranthaceae
6. Amaranthus viridis Amaranthaceae
7. Tribulus zygophylaceae Zygophyllaceae
8. Altrnanthera sessilis Amarunthaceae
9. Cyanodon species Craminaea
10. Manselia minuta Marsiliaceae
11. Tamarix species Tamariaceae
12. Cida chordata Malvaceae
13 Vironia species Compositae
14 Asparagus species Liliaceae
15 Cleome gynandra Cleomaceae
16 Lantata camera Verbenaceae
17 Adathoda vasica Acanthaceae
18 Heliotropium species Boranginaceae
19 Convolvulus species Convolvulaceae
20 Abutilon indicum Malvaceae
21 Cardiospurmum halicalrum Sapindaceae

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22 Cassia species Leguminoceae

23 Cestrum species Solanaceae
24 Murraya exotica Rutaceae
25 Commelina benghalensis Commelinaceae
26 Tridex proumbens Compositeae
27 Phyllanthus Euphorliaceae
28. Palmera plan Palmae
29. Moringa Moningaceae
30 Mimosops elengi Saptoceae
31 Grecia hirsuta Tiliaceae
32 Typha elephantia Typhaceae
33 Lotus Nymphaceae
34 Marsilea quadrifolia Marsiliaceae
35 Salvinia motesta Salviniaceae
36 Pistia stratiotes Araceae
37 Nelumbo nucifera Nymphaceae
38 Trapa natans Nydrocaryaceae
39 Eichhornia crassipis Potederiaceae
40 Calotropis species Ascalpidaceae
41 Emblica officinalis Euphorbiaceae
42 Acacia Leguminoseae
43 Delonix regia Leguminoseae

Krishna District

Krishna district which derives its name from the famous river Krishna is one of the nine
districts of Coastal Andhra Pradesh and harbors a rich and varied flora. A total of 805
species of angiosperms and Pteridophytes belonging to 479 genera and 128 families
have been enumerated. Forests occupy 9% of the total district area. It contains
Reserved Forest areas in Nandigama, Vijayawada, Tiruvuru, Nuzvid, Gannavaram,
Bandar and Divi Taluks. A type of light wood known as „Ponuku‟ (Gyrocapus jacquini) is
found in the Kondapalli hills The most noticeable trees are pterocarpus, Terminalia,
Anogeissus and Logustroeinai and Casuarina.

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Fig 15: Forest Distribution in Krishna District

The detail of the growing stock of the district is as follows:

a. Total growing stock is 0.74 million M3. Out of this, 0.55 million M3 is in Dense
Forest and 0.19 million M3 in Open.
b. Average growing stock of the division is 11.54 M3/Ha. Canopy class-wise
average growing stocks are 19.95 M3 /Ha in Dense, 30.46 M3 /Ha in Open and
1.11 M3 /Ha in Scrub Forest.
c. The 5 species contributing maximum to the Growing Stock in the division
and their contribution is given in the following table:

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S. Species Name Volume in Million

No. M3
1 Garuga pinnata 0.07
2 Mangifera indica 0.07
3 Lannea coromandelica 0.06
4 Gyrocarpus americanus 0.05
5 Borassus flabellifer 0.04

d. The total number of stems in the division is 4.36 million. Of these, 3.53 million
fall in Dense, 0.81million in the Open and 0.02 million in Scrub Forest.
e. Average number of stems per Ha in division is 68. They are in Dense Forest -
128 /Ha, Open Forest - 130 /Ha and in Scrub Forest -10 /Ha.
f. Top 5 prominent species in terms of number of stems in the division are
Grewia tiliaefolia, Anogeissus latifolia, Bridellia retusa, Mangifera indica and
Wrightia tinctoria.

The Krishna district is rich in medicinal plants in and around the forests of Kondapalle
reserve as given below in Table 35.
Table 35: List of medicinal plants found in Krishna district
Sl. Flora species Family Local Habitat
No. Name
1 Abrus Precatorius Fabaceae Gurivinda Very common along
L. hedges
2 Achyranthes Amaranthaceae Uttareni common along hedges
aspera L.
3 Adhatoda zeylanica Acanthaceae Adds Planted along fences in
Medic saramu plains
4 Aerva lanata (L). Amaranthaceae. Pindi kura Frequent along waste
Juss. lands
5 Andrographis Acanthaceae Nela vemu Common weed in waste
paniculata lands
(Burnm.f.) Wall Ex
Nees
6 Argemone Papaveraceae. Balurakkisa Growing abundantly in
mexicana L. open waste lands
7 Asperaqus Liliaceae. Pillitheegalu A frequent herb in the
racemosus Willd. forest under growth and
in foot-hills.

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8 Asystasia Acanthaceae Mukka Straggling mostly

gangetica (L.) T. mungera amongst bushes,
And. particularly in coastal
plains
9 Azadirachta indica Meliaceae Vepa Common in dry areas,
A.Juss. both hilly and plains.
10 Boerhavia diffusa Nyctaginaceae Punarnava Common in plains from
L. sea coast to interiors
11 Calotropis Asclepiadaceae Jilledu Common in drier areas
gigantean (L.) R.
Br.
12 Cardiospermum Sap indaceae Budda Common amongst
helicacabum L. busara bushes
13 Cassia occidentalis Caesalpinaceae Kasinda Common weed along
L. road sides
14 Catharanthus Apocynaceae Bill ganneru Widely seen in waste
roseus (L). G. Don lands of hard soils
15 Cleome gynandra Cleomaceae Vaminata Frequently as a weed in
L. fields and in open waste
lands of hard soils
16 Coculus hirsutus Menispermaceae Dusara Common climber in
(L). Diels theega plains
17 Eclipta prostrate Asteraceae Gunta Frequent in open waste
(L.) A. kalgara lands
18 Euphorbia hirta L. Euphorbiacea Nanubalu Common weed in waste
lands
19 Gloriosa superba L. Liliaceae Nabhi Frequent along forest
outskirts
20 Helicteres isora L. Sterculiaceae Nulithada Common in dry forests
21 Hemidesmus Periplocaceae Sugandi Common amongst
indicus (L.) R.Br. pala theega bushes
22 Holarrhena Apocynaceae Tedla pala Common in the forest
pubesoers (Such- outskirts
Ham.) Wall Ex G.
Don
23 Ichnocarpus Apocynaceae Palatheega Common in the forest
frutescens (L.) outskirts
R.Br.
24 Iqomoea acquatica Convolvulaceae Metha thuti Common in tanks and
Forssk kada ponds

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25 Jatropha Euphorbiaceae Seema Commonly found along

gossypifolia L. nepalam road sides
26 Leptadenia Asclepiadeaceae Meka Occassional on hedges
reticulate (Retz.) maeani aku
Wt. & Arn.
27 Martynia annua L. Martyniaceae Thelu kondi Common weed in open
chettu places
28 Ocimum Lamiaceae Manchi Frequently seen in
tenuiflorum L. thulasi Village house yards,
often in forests
29 Pergularia daemia Asclepiadaceae Dhstapu Common along hedges
(Forssk.) Chiov. theega
30 Phyla nodiflora (L.) Verbenaceae Bookena Common in the moist
Greene aku localities
31 Ricinus communis Euphorbiaceae Amudamu Cultivated mostly around
L. Kondapalle
32 Solanu surrattense Solanaceae Vakudu Occasional in waste
Burm. F. mulama places near sea coat
33 Strychnos nux- Loganiaceae Mushini Common in thorny scrub-
vomica L. jungles
34 Tinospora cordifolia Menispermaceae Tippa Occasional along plains
(Willd.) Miers ex theega
Hk. F & T.
35 Tridax procumbens Asterceae Bellam Common weed in waste
L. kada lands
36 Tylophova indica Asclepiadaceae Kaka palla Common amongst
(Burm. f.) Marr. bushes
37 Vitex negundo L. Verbenaceae Vavili Parts in black cotton
soils
38 Withania somnifera Solanaceae Penneru Rarely found
(L.) Dunal gedda

6.1.5.3 Faunal Diversity

The role of fauna in conserving the ecological balance with respect to food chain and
food web is already a known fact. Faunal diversity of the study area includes both
vertebrates and invertebrates. Livestock and domestic animals recorded in the study
area include cow (Bos Taurus), monkey (Macaca radiata), squirrel (Rodentia Sciurus ),

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dog (Cannis Familiaris), buffalo (Bison bonasus), cat (Felis Catus), goat (Capra Hircus),
sheep (Bovidae Ovis), horse (Eqqus Caballus), etc. Wild animals are found to be
present and recorded in and around the study area. The following is a brief description
about the faunal diversity in each of the three districts.

1. East Godavari District

The East Godavari River Estuarine Ecosystem (EGREE) area supports a wide range of
other faunal elements that include amphibian, reptile, bird, and mammal species,
including terrestrial species that depend on coastal ecosystems. Animals such as otter,
fishing cat, jackal and sea turtle are found in the creeks. Birds such as snipes, ducks,
sea gulls and flamingos are common. Some winter migrant species are Golden Plover
(Pluvialis apricaria), Woodcock (Scolopax rusticola), Common Snipe (Gallinago
gallinago), and Long-billed Ringed Plover (Charadrius placidus). The area serves as
spawning grounds for the growth and development of numerous fin and shell fish. A part
of the Coringa mangroves were declared and gazetted as Coringa Wildlife Sanctuary
(CWLS) in 1978 with a total area of 235.70 square kilometers under the national Wildlife
(Protection) Act, 1972. Given below is the List of Fauna of Coringa Wildlife Sanctuary:

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Birds  Liza pasia

 Lates calcarifer
 Grey Heron (Ardea cinerea )  Mystus cavasius
 Purple Heron (Ardea purpurea)  Mystus vittatus
 Little Green Heron (Ardea  Mystus scenghala
striatus)  Mystus aor
 Pond Heron (Ardeola grayii )  Mystus tengana
 Cattle Egret (Bubulcus ibis )  Mystus gulio
 Large Egret (Ardea alba)  Migalops cyprinoides
 Smaller Egret (Egretta  Mugil parsia
intermedia)  Mugil cephalus
 Little Egret (Egretta garzetta)  Muraenosox talabon
 Indian Reef Heron (Egretta  Ompak papda
gularis)  Ompak binaculatus
 Night Heron (Nycticorax  Ompak pabe
nycticorax)  Polynemus indicus
 Little Bittern (Ixotrychus minutus)  Pangasius pangasius
 Chestnut Bittern (Ixobrychus  Polynemus tetradutylum
cinnamoneus)  Polynemus heptadutylum
 Yellow Bittern (Ixobrychus  Ophioccphalus gachua
sinensis)
 Ophioccphalus marulius
 Black Bittern (Ixobrychus
 Ophioccphalus puncetatus
flavicollis)
 Ophioccphalus striatus
 Painted Stork (Mycteria
 Mastocumbellus armotus
leucocephala)
 Mastocumbellus pancallus
 Tetradon fluviatitis
Fishes
 Trapacanthus oxyeephalus
 Aplochei luamelastigma
 Wallango attu
 Ambasis interepta
 Annabas testudinus
Insects
 Annabas olegolepis
 Belone caucela
Banded lady-bird beetle
 Beliopthulmis bodarti
 Stag beetle
 Colisa fasciata
 Milk weed beetle
 Coilinae dussimumieri
 Moths
 Clarius batrachus
 Butterflies-Wintering monarch
 Chanos ehanos
 Insidious housefly
 Etroplus maculatus
 Mosquitoes
 Elops saurus
 Locust
 Etroplus suratensis
 Wood louse
 Gobids gorius
 Mandibled monster
 Heteropneustis phossilis
 Pale beetle grub
 Liza tade
 Caterpillar

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 Leaf miners  Penaeus monodon

 Ticks  Crustacea Penaeus
 Birch leaf roller  Penaeus semisulcatus
 White Ants (Termites)  Penaeus merguiensis
 Crickets  Penaeus indicus
 Metapenaeus monoceros
Reptiles  Metapenaeus affinis
 House gecko  Metapenaeus brevicornis
 Wall lizard  Metapenaeus dobsoni
 Garden lizard  Parapenaeopsis hardvicki
 Skink  Parapenaeopsis stylifera
 Monitor lizard  Parapenaeopsis sculptilis
 Fan-throated lizard  Solenocera indica
 Snake skink  Acetes incidus
 Striped keelback  Palaemon tempes
 Olive keelback Smooth water
snake Crabs
 Rat snake  Scylla serrata
 Dhaman  Portunus pelagicus
 Greek snake  Portunus sanguinolentus
 Wolf snake  Charybdis cruciata
 Banded krait  Charybdis annulata
 Common Sandboa  Charybdis natator
 Indian krait  Mutata lunaris
 Cobra
 Russels viper Snails
 Hook nosed sea snake  Placuna placenta
 Yellow sea snake  Anandra granosa
 Sawback terrapin  Meretrix meretrix
 Flapshell turtle  Katelysia opima
 Olive ridley sea turtle  Paphia malabarica
 Hawksbill sea
 Estuarine crocodile
 Marsh crocodile

Amphibians
 Bull frog
 Pond or green frog
 Toad
 Skipper frog
 Tree frog

Prawns

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2. West Godavari

In high forest areas wild animals such as tiger, leopard, bison, Sambar, Koel,
peafowl, jungle fowl and hill mynah are seen. In degraded forest areas wild
animals and birds like Shaken, Falcon, Hoopla, Babbler etc. are common.

West Godavari district stands at the top in pisciculture when compared to other
districts in the State. This district has four marine villages. The list of marine
fishes commonly found as per official records are given in Table 36.

Table 36: List of marine fishes in West Godavari District

S. Genus / Species Popular English Name

No.
1 Caroharis sorrah Shark
2 Rhinobates granulatus Granulated shovel nose ray
3 Himantura blockeri Whip tail sting ray
4 Anadontostoma chacunda Chacunda gizzard shad
5 Colia dussunieri Gold potted graindier anchovy
6 Chrirocentras derab Silver bar, wolf herring
7 Chanosachos Milk fishes
8 Saurida tumble Greater lizard fish
9 Harpodon neherius Bombay duck
10 Arjus Jalla Small eye cat fish
11 Anguilla nebulosa Long finned eel
12 Cypselurus cyanopterus Blue spot flying fish
13 Sphyraena jello Berracuda
14 Mugil cephalus Flat head grey mullet
15 Polynemus heptadactylue Seven finger thread fin
16 Lates calcarifer Gaint sea perch, Bekti
17 Lactarius lactarius White fish
18 Elepes para Golden scad
19 Carans carangus Black tail fravelly
20 Shiomatu niger Black pomfret
21 Liognathus duseumieri Dussumier‟s pony fish
22 Lutjanus join Shaper (Jew fish)
23 Drepane pantata Spotteu sickle fish
24 Strooplus suratensis Danded butter fish
25 Sca-tephagus arugus Spotted butter fish
26 Trypencach vegina Goby
27 Auxis rochei Bullet tuna
28 Scomberomorus commerson Narrow baried seer fish
29 Instinophorus pla-typtorus Soil fish, peacock seer

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30 Khipias gladias Sword fish

31 Pesettodes erumei Indian nailout
32 Bragocephatus inermis Smooth backed blow fish
33 Upenus indicus Red mullet Indian gous fishes
34 Acetus indicus Paste shrimp
35 Panulirus polyphyrus Banded spiny lobster
36 Sepia aculata Cuttle fish
37 Saylla Serrate mudcrab

3. Krishna

Carnivorous mammalian fauna like Panthers, hyenas, jungle cats, foxes, bears
etc are found in the Krishna district. Deer, spotted deer, sambar, blackbuck and
other herbivorous animals are found in the inland forests. The district has a large
number of Murrah buffaloes and cows. Birds like Widgeons, Gadwalls,
Cormorants and Avocets etc. are found here.

Krishna Sanctuary is one of the few mangrove habitats in Andhra Pradesh.

These dense mangrove forests are nestled on the estuary of River Krishna. The
sanctuary is home to a variety of fauna as given below.

a. Mammals: Hyena, Jungle and Fishing Cat, Fox (Vulpes bengalensis) and
bear (Melursus ursinus). Among the herbivorous species are Spotted Deer
(Axis axis), Sambar (Cervus unicolor) and Black Buck (Antelope
cervicapra) are occasionally found and are a rarity except in the interior
inland forests.

b. Birds: There is good variety of birds in Krishna Wildlife Sanctuary like the
Crested Serpant Eagle, Indian Roller, Wagtails, Pipits etc.

c. Reptiles: Cobra, Russels Viper, Water Snake, Rat Snake and Tree Snake,
Garden Lizard (Calotes versicolor), Wall Lizard (Hemidactylus species)
and land tortoise (Testudo elegans) are also found. Among the amphibian
fauna, the common frog (Rana species) and in the mangrove forests the
amphibian otter or water cat (Lutra lutera) and the estuarine crocodiles are
present.

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7. Anticipated Environmental Impacts,

Evaluation & Mitigation Measures

7.1. Environmental Impacts Associated with Drilling

The major element involved in the process of environmental impact assessment
is identification as it leads to other elements such as quantification and
evaluation of impacts. Although, in general, a number of impacts can be
identified while describing the project, all the impacts may not be considered
significant. Hence, it is necessary to identify the critical impacts that are likely to
cause significant impact on various components of environment due to proposed
drilling.

A number of techniques are available for identification of impacts. In the present

case for the activities proposed to be carried, adaptation of “Network Method”
which involves understanding of “cause-condition-effect” relationship between an
activity and environmental parameters for identification of impacts has been
found to be most appealing tool. Table 37 shows the criteria adopted for
classifying the impacts into five broad categories. Likely impacts from Drilling
have been identified in Table 38.

Table 37: Impact Significance Criteria

Impact Significance Criteria

Major Adverse When the impact is of:
 high intensity
 high spread (regional) or moderate spread
 high or moderate duration
Moderate Adverse When the impact is of
 moderate intensity
 high or moderate or low spread
 high or moderate or low duration
Minor Adverse When the impact is of:
 moderate or low intensity
 low spread
 moderate or low duration
Insignificant Adverse When the impact is of
 low intensity
 low spread
 low duration
Beneficial When the impact are positive

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Table 38: Identification of Likely Impacts from Drilling – Impacts/Risks

Interaction
Environmental Sensitivities
Physical Biological Socio-economic
Impacts/ Risks

Culture/ Archaelogical

Land Use (Mudflats/

Existing Oil & Gas
Protected Forests
Soil & Sediments

Tourism/ Leisure
Traffic Hazardss
Reserve Forest/

Living condition
Water resource

Local Economy

Onsite Risks(
Occupational

Agriculture)
Air Quality

Exposure)
& Quality

Business
Activities

Places
Fauna
Flora
Drilling Site
Preparation
Physical √ √ √
Presence
including Land
acquisition/Lease
Site Clearance √ √ √ √
Site Preparation √ √
Equipment √ √ √ √
Transportation
Campsite √ √ √ √ √
Drilling
Operation
Atmospheric √ √
emissions
Noise & √ √ √ √
Vibrations
Waste √ √ √
generation
Storage of √ √ √
Flammables
Well kick √ √

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The detailed list of activities and actions described earlier in this report has been
taken into consideration for generation of cause-condition-effect network (i.e.
chain of events). This type of method is advantageous in recognizing the series
of impacts that would be triggered by the proposed activities. Thus, this method
has provided a “roadmap” type of approach to the identification of second and
third order effects.

The idea was to account for the project activity and identify the types of impact,
which would initially occur. The next was to select each impact and identify the
secondary and tertiary impacts, which induced as a result. This process was
repeated until all possible impacts were identified. The greatest advantage of this
type of approach was that it allowed identifying the impacts by selecting the
tracing out the events as they are expected to occur.

While identifying the impact networks for drilling operations in the study area all
significant activities such as land acquisition, road/site clearance, drill site
preparation, diesel generation sets, waste pits well development and work over
operations have been accounted for.

The availability of energy resource (oil/gas) the end product has been considered
for the purpose of economic benefits.

The identified impacts for various components of environment viz. air, noise,
water, land and socio-economic are presented in Figs. 16 to 20 respectively. The
comprehensive environmental impact network for proposed drilling in typical case
is presented in Fig. 21. It is to be noted that in these illustrations the lines are to
be read as, “has an effect on”.

7.2. Air Environment

For the purpose of impact predictions on air environment emission sources can
be classified into point and area sources. There are no areas sources considered
for the purpose of predictions. The point sources identified are diesel generator
sets at drill sites. These will be in operation 24 hours a day. Emissions from the
generators will consist of mainly CO2, NOx, SO2 and suspended particles. The
concentration of SO2 in the emitted gas will depend on the fuel source. Since

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diesel contains low values of sulphur, using diesel as fuel will lead to low SO 2
emissions. Emissions are expected during temporary well flaring in the event gas
is discovered. Impact Significance of Air Quality during Drilling has been given in
Table 39.

The incremental GLC as a result of DG set operation are within the permissible
limits as per the CPCB. Regular monitoring for pollution levels indicate GLC
levels to be within permissible limits.

Table 39: Impact Significance of Air Quality during Drilling

Activity Impact Context Duration Intensity Significance

Insignificant
Moderate

Moderate
Regional
Medium

Medium

Minor

Major
Local

Short

Long

High
Drilling of Deteriora Low
Developme tion of √ √ √
√
nt wells Air
quality

Assessment of Air Quality Impacts

The detail of likely emissions (particulate and gaseous) from the above mentioned
sources for drilling is given in Table 40

Table 40: Emissions during Drilling of Development Wells

Operation of
rig engines
DG Power
S.No. Parameters Unit (including Test Flaring
Generation
pump
requirement)
1000 HP/ 670 HP/
1 Capacity Test Flaring#
932.5KVA 625 KVA
Number of
2 Nos 2 1 1(Occasional)
Stack
Fuel type* HSD HSD Gas
3
Consumption** 3-4 m3/day 0.5-2 m3/day 125 M3/hr
4 Stack Height M 10 9 10
0.0762 (Flare
5 Stack Diameter M 0.305 0.254 diameter
0.3048 m)
0
6 Temperature C 325 325 20.8
7 Velocity m/s 22.4 21.6 -

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Mg/Nm3 75 75 -
8 PM10
g/s 0.0622 0.0417
Mg/Nm3 50 50 -
9 SO2
g/s 0.0395 0.0265
Mg/Nm3 2340 2340 95
10 NOX
g/s 1.9064 1.2778 0.03040
Mg/Nm3 890 890 550
11 CO
g/s 0.7250 0.486 0.197

*Good quality HSD is being used for drilling activity having Total Sulphur Content 0.009%
against prescribed limit 0.25 %.
* Consider per day HSD consumption
**Consumption is shown during Drilling Hours
#the test flaring will be temporary in nature and will be for about 24 to 48 hours period
depending upon the gas encountered in the well. It is expected that about 3000 m3/day of
gas will be test flared with an hourly average quantity of 125 m3/hour.

2) Decommissioning of Project

The impacts on air environment during decommissioning of project will be

particularly in form of dust due to dismantling operations of drilling rigs and
equipments at unviable wells. Although the impacts on air environment will be
short term but will require to be mitigated to minimize dust emissions. Proper air
emissions control measures will be implemented during the decommissioning
phase. Dust suppression system to be used on the decommissioning site and dirt
track. Impact on air quality due to above project activities are discussed below.

Mitigation Measures
Measures proposed to control air emissions during drilling of oil and gas wells
include:
 Minimization of emissions from drilling machineries, generators and
optimize fuel efficiency;
 Minimization of flaring and emissions from any production tests as far as
possible; and
 Optimization flare burner characteristics to ensure maximum burning of
hydrocarbons produced during production test of wells (only in case
required).

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 Generators to conform to the emission norms notified under the

Environment (Protection) Act, 1986;
 Cold Venting of gases will never be resorted
 All test flaring will be done by elevated flaring (stack) system (If required
so).

7.3. Noise Environment

For hemispherical sound wave propagation through homogenous loss free
medium, one can estimate noise levels at various locations due to different
sources using model based on first principle.

Lp2 = LP1 -20 Log (r2 /r1) - Ae1,2 ………………(1)

Where Lp2 and LP1 are sound levels at points located distance r1 and r2 from
the source Ae1, 2 is the excess attenuation due to environmental conditions.
Combined effect of all the sources can be determined at various locations by
logarithmic addition.

It has been observed that generally all the noise sources in a rig installation are
scattered in an area of about 100 m x 100 m. As the proposed drilling operations
are carried out at 0.5 to 1.0 km away from the human habitation, the first
approximation one can assume that for general population in the village, every
drilling site is a ”point” source of noise.

The average equivalent sound level of such a point source can be estimated by
measurements of noise levels at approximately 50 meters in different directions
from a hypothetical source by applying equation:

Lp = Lw - 20 log r- Ae -8 …………………………(2)

Where, Lw is sound power level of the source, Lp is sound pressure level at

distance r and Ae is the environmental attenuation factor. The noise level at
different location can be calculated using equation (2) for averaged equivalent
noise source. The asymmetry of the source gets masked in this model due to
working approximation, but it is allowable for distant receptors (>1 km).

When a mechanical rig is in operation at its maximum efficiency, the drilling

platform (derrick) can be assumed as the location of the hypothetical source of
noise at the drill site where maximum noise levels are recorded (102 dBA).

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Further the noise levels recorded in various directions at distance 50 m can be

used for estimation of magnitude of the average noise equivalent source. Noise
level due to such a source works out to be 44 dBA at a distance of 1 km. As
environmental attenuation, particularly due to air absorption and
crops/grass/shrubs cannot be neglected the levels will work out to be less by 7 to
10 dBA depending on the nature of vegetation, relative humidity and frequency of
the noise. Therefore average noise levels at about 1 km from the drilling rigs
would be around 37-44 dBA. The overall background noise levels would increase
by 3-4 dBA and 2-3 dBA during day and night time respectively due to drilling
operations. Deployment of electrical rigs would minimize the noise levels and
impact can be minimized.

Day night sound level, Ldn is often used to describe community noise exposure
which includes 10 dBA night time penalty. As per WHO recommendations there
is no identified risk in damage of hearing due to noise levels less than 75 dBA
(Leq 8 hrs). Most of the international damage risk criteria for hearing loss permit
Leq (12 hrs) up to 87 dBA. Further, WHO recommendations for community noise
annoyance, permits day time outdoor noise levels of 55 dBA Leq, and night time
outdoor noise level of 45 dBA Leq to meet steep criteria i.e. Leq (24 hrs) = 52.2
dBA and Ldn = 55 dBA.

The damage risk criteria for hearing, as enforced by OSHA (Occupational Safety
& Health Administration) to reduce hearing loss, stipulate that noise level up to
90 dBA are acceptable for eight hours exposure per day. At places except the
drilling platform, continuous attendance of workers is not required. Hence, the
noise levels only at the drilling platform are of concern for occupational
consideration.

7.4. Land Environment

During the drilling operation, two major sources of solid wastes are envisaged: (i)
drill cuttings, separated on a shaker (vibrating screen) which is a part of solids
handling system attached to rig and (ii) rejected drilling mud with sand and silt
separated in desander and desilter:

Drill cuttings from the wells are allowed to collect in the sump below the shale
shaker and removed periodically whereas mud is recovered and sent to recycling

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tanks. Around 5 to 10 T/day of drill cutting are expected to be generated

depending on type of formation and drill performed. Drill cuttings are washed
before leaving shale shaker for recovery of attached mud. Though some mud
particles are likely to be associated with drill cuttings, the overall nature of solids
will be highly inorganic.

It is anticipated that approximately 212 m 3 of drill cuttings will be generated over

a period of 40-45 days for from each well. It is planned to wash the drill cuttings
and dispose it into lined waste pit and covered by native soil.

Mud portion, which is recovered in shale shaker, passes through desander and
desilter where sand & silt are removed by centrifugal action. The sand silt
generated at this unit is contaminated with mud particle and is allowed to flow to
waste pit by washing it down. These solids contain mainly bentonite, barite and
small portion of organics along with heavy metals. These solids accumulate at
the bottom of waste pit and posses the characteristics of natural earth materials.
Quantity of rejected fine sand, silt and mud is expected to be 200-250 kg/day will
be generated.

In order to predict the environmental impacts due to drilling mud reject pits,
simulating field conditions carried out laboratory studies. The studies included
investigation of leaching potential of possible hazardous constituents from these
sources. Table 41 outlines the impact significance of waste generation.

Table 41: Impact Significance of Waste Generation during Development

drilling

Activity Context Duration Intensity Significance

Insignificant
Moderate

Moderate
Regional
Medium

Medium

Minor
Local

Short

Long

High
Low

Drilling of √ √ √ √
Development
Wells

Subsurface soils were collected from the KG-PG Basin and experiments for
investigations of leaching potential of drilling mud and wastewater were carried

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out in laboratory. Since pH and alkalinity can directly affect the solubility of many
parameters, especially the metals, the comparison of the two gave some
indications of the mobility of the metals. Generally, it is seen that solubility of
metal decreases with increase in pH and alkalinity. On application of the drilling
mud and wastewater to soils, this was found to be true as soils were alkaline in
nature. The transportation of ions revealed that Na, Cl and metals would tend to
be slightly elevated in subsurface soils close to the mud pits or emergency
wastewater impoundments; however, most parameters will not migrate any
significant distance away from the disposal/temporary storage facilities. Na, Cl
was the only ions to show definite vertical migration through subsurface soils,
specific conductance was used as the characteristic of zones with elevated ions.

The studies further revealed that drilling improves water holding capacity and
cation exchange capacity of soils. Thus, drilling mud could actually benefit
vegetative production. This could be attributed to the fact that the drilling mud is,
by design, impermeable suspensions of clays which form an even more
impermeable contact surface between the mud and native soils.

As a result of these characteristics, the potential for leaching of constituents from

mud pits is practically negligible. In mud pits migration of constituent will be
dominated by surface runoff rather than by percolation of precipitation downward
through the relatively impermeable drilling mud clays. Thus, neither the drill
cuttings nor the barites used would cause any toxicity to the land environment.
The aforesaid scenario of negligible pollution is a direct consequence of
implementation and continual monitoring of the environmental parameters

Further, barite was analyzed for Cd and Hg. The results always showed the
absence of these heavy metals. The various lot of barite used by ONGC has
never indicated the presence of heavy metals.

7.5. Water Environment

It is estimated that approximately 700 m 3 of drilling fluid will be formulated during
the course of one development well to be drilled. Drilling fluid or mud is basically
a mixture of water, clay, polymers and weighting material with all individual
components being environmentally friendly. This mud will be reused as much as
possible. The mud circulation is a closed loop with the return mud going back to

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the mud tanks. At the end of drilling operations, the residual (unusable) mud is
discharged in to the waste pit. The impact significance on water environment is
shown in Table 42.

Table 42: Impact Significance of Water Resource & Quality during

Development drilling
Activity Impact Context Duration Intensity Significance

Insignificant
Moderate

Moderate
Regional
Medium

Medium

Minor

Major
Local

Short

Long

High
Low
Drilling of Impact on
Development Water quality √ √ √ √
wells

In order to estimate the effects of surface water runoff/ overflow of waste from the
storage pits on aquatic ecosystems, short-term bioassay studies were carried out
by several institutes such as NEERI in the past. These studies revealed that the
effects of toxic substances on fish food organisms are vital factors in determining
whether fish can flourish or survive in polluted water, as in many cases the lower
organisms upon which fish depend are even more susceptible to a poison than
are the fish themselves. In order to predict the impacts, bioassay tests were
conducted on algae (Scenedesmus), Zooplankton (Daphnia and Cypris) and fish
(Lebistesreticulatus) on laboratory scale.

Pure culture of the organisms was used for the test and they were exposed
separately at various dilutions of the waste. The result indicated that the waste
was not toxic to algae. The growth of algae was stimulated in 30% within a period
of 5 days. Among other organisms tested, the fish and Daphnia were the most
resistant and susceptible to the waste. At 100% waste only 20% fish died in 48
hours.

Life cycle test with the juveniles (less than 24 hrs) of Daphnia was conducted
through two generations at two nutrient fortified concentrations (50% & 80%) of
waste in laboratory (31°-32°C) for 12 days. Only one juvenile was added at each
concentration and control on zero day. Daphnia got matured and released 6
offspring (neonates) asexually at each toxicant level and control in fifth day. The
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parent Daphnia at 80% waste died on fifth day. However, in second generation
12% more and 33% less neonates were recorded at 50% and 80% waste
respectively on twelve day. It was thus concluded that the waste at 50% dilution
did not impair the growth of Daphnia.

Algal bioassay of mixed algal species showed that green and blue green algal
species are much more resistant to drilling pit waste and water soluble fractions
of crude oil, while diatoms and desmids are highly susceptible to these wastes.
When exposed to these wastes phytoplankton community is dominated by green
and blue-green algae only. These studies indicate that the phytoplankton
community structure would change if surface run off of waste fluids present in
waste pits mixes with surface water. Since, lined pits will be used for solar
evaporation of the unusable mud, the chances of run off or leaching is very low.

7.6. Biological Environment

7.6.1. Terrestrial Environment

Prediction of Impact on Biological Environment due to any development drilling
activity is practically difficult because:

 Living subjects has a natural variation in numbers; changes in numbers

cannot always be directly attributed to changes in the environment
 Most of the impacts on the living system or ecosystem take long time
period to become fully visible externally.
As such, the forests are getting vanished and the growing industrialization will
affect the plant life due to industrial pollution load and influx of population.
Therefore to minimize the adverse effect; it is proposed that the adequate
management of these forest be taken up in a systematic manner.

The natural vegetation in the study area is not considerable. It will be affected
due to increased pollution load; however, it will improve due to follow up of
Environmental Management Plan (EMP). There are no rare and endangered
plant and animal species in the study area and hence no changes are
anticipated.

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7.6.2. Aquatic Environment

There are no rare and endangered aquatic species and hence no change will
occur. The characteristics of the water bodies may not change appreciably.

In general, due to operation of drilling, adverse impacts are anticipated in

biological environment. Aquatic environment is likely to be affected more
adversely than the terrestrial environment without EMP. However, with the proper
follow up of EMP there will be significant improvement in biological environment
covering terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems.

7.6.3. Socio-economic Environment

Critically analyzing the existing status of socio-economic profile vis-à-vis its
scenario with proposed project, the impacts of the project would be of varying
nature. The predicted impacts are as follows:

 The proposed activities would generate indirect employment in the region;

labor force will be required in site preparation and drilling activities, supply
of raw material, auxiliary and ancillary works which will improve the
economic status of the local unemployed persons.
 The commissioning of project would lead to improvement in transport
facilities as loose or soft surface rural roads and trails will be upgraded to
facilitate movement of the drilling rig and supply vehicles

7.7. Environmental Impact Evaluation

7.7.1. Ecology
Agricultural and fishing activities form the source of livelihood for residents living
in proximity to the identified drilling areas of the Block. Paddy fields cover most of
the area. The impacts on ecology of this area will be marginal because the land
is mostly agricultural area and not falling in forest area.

7.7.2. Environmental Pollution

As the EMP recommends appropriate treatment and disposal of wastes, there
will be negligible adverse impact on aquatic environment.

The air quality of area under reference will not be altered. However, control
measures are proposed in environment management plan to mitigate any

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adverse impact. It has been proposed to plant select trees for trapping toxic
hydrocarbons. Further restoration of drill sites is ensured, consistent with prior
use pattern on all well sites as per the statutory norms.

Noise levels due to transportation would not rise. The noise levels are likely to
increase (5-10) dB (A) near the drill site posing occupational health problems but
the nearby population will not get affected.

7.7.3. Aesthetics
The proposed well sites will be restored to their former land use on abandonment
such that no impacts to local aesthetics will occur. For any wells eventually put
into production there would be minor facilities placed at wellhead. The other
aesthetic parameters will show marginal effects.

7.7.4. Socio-economics
The impact on community health due to the proposed drilling activities is
negligible but the social status will improve due to increase in employment
opportunities. There will be positive impact on sanitation, transportation,
communication and community health in the region. There will be occupational
hazards due to proposed activities but these hazards will reduce through
implementation of precautionary measures suggested in EMP.

7.8. Environmental Impact Statement

The impact statement focuses on the study area within block boundary of the
proposed drilling sites. The five basic environmental components of concern are:

 Air Environment
 Noise Environment
 Water Environment
 Land Environment
 Socio-economic Environment
For each of the above components of environment, the impacts are identified
through cause-condition network predicted through appropriate mathematical
models and evaluated through environmental evaluation system.

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7.8.1 Air Environment

The impacts on air emissions arising out of proposed activity are mainly due to
construction activity, temporary flaring during well testing and emissions from DG
sets. These will have no adverse impact and it is anticipated that this will lead to
only marginal increase in PM 10, PM 2.5, NOx, etc. The impact of these
parameters will be negligible from the proposed activity since the terrain is plain
and sufficient amount of atmospheric mixing is available in that region. The
impact network for Air Environment is given in Fig. 16.

7.8.2. Noise Environment

The impact of noise generated by the drilling on the general population is
expected to be insignificant. Table 43 shows the expected noise levels due to
drilling. On the basis of expected noise levels calculated through standard
attenuation model, it is observed that the noise levels in the region would be
within the standard limits (IS: 4954). The increase will only be marginal in
comparison to the existing noise levels.

The estimated background noise levels in the villages near the drilling site varied
between 40 and 60 dB (A) and in commercial places and highways it varied from
55 to 60 dB (A). It is estimated that the general noise levels near the drill site will
vary from 45 to 80 dB (A). The impact of the noise on general population is
therefore expected to be insignificant. The impact network for Noise Environment
is given in Fig. 17.

Table 43: Noise Exposure Levels to Typical Drilling Rigs

Elect. Rig
(dBA)
Occupational Exposure
Leq (12 hrs) (on the derrick) 71
Leq (12 hrs) (within the premises) 60
Human Settlement Exposure
Leq (24 hrs) (villages 1 km away) 37
Ldn (village 1 km away) 39

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7.8.3. Land Environment

The proposed drilling activity will lead to temporary and minor soil erosion and
loss of agricultural land. Table 44 presents analytical data of solid wastes,
essentially rock cuttings, generated from drilling activity. The impact network for
Land Environment is given in Fig. 19.

Table 44: Characteristics of typical Solid Wastes produced at typical Drill

Site (Dry Weight Basis)
Drill Cuttings

Moisture (%) 2-10

pH 7.2
Loss on ignition 19.2
Total nitrogen (%) 0.05
Total phosphorus (%) 0.10
Manganese (mg/kg) 320.0
Copper (mg/kg) 90.0
Lead (mg/kg) 8.0
Nickel (mg/kg) 70.0
Zinc (mg/kg) 45.0
Iron (%) 1.52

7.8.4. Water Environment

No significant impacts on water quality are envisaged due to discharges of
wastewater if properly treated as the baseline status show low dissolved solids,
total hardness, chloride, sulphate, sodium, potassium and nutrients.

Groundwater quality around the drilling sites shows alkaline nature with a pH
range of 7.04 to 7.62. The chloride values are below the stipulated standards.
Phosphate and nitrate concentrations of groundwater are well within the
prescribed limits. The impact network for Water Environment is given in Fig. 18.

7.8.5. Biological Environment

Vegetation in the vicinity of the drilling sites will not get affected by proposed
drilling because of marginal change in ambient air quality. Re-establishment of
crops by natural means is expected to adequately mitigate the impact due to
emissions of pollutants.

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7.8.6. Socio-economic Environment

The proposed development drilling of West Godavari and Godavari Onland PML
Blocksin KG Basin, Andhra Pradesh would create certain impacts with beneficial
as well as adverse effects on the socio economic environment. The Prediction of
Qualitative Impacts on Socio-economic Environment is described in Table-45
(Source: ONGC/NEERI/ Published data/report from various departments of AP
Govt.) While the expected change in the subjective and the average quality of life
after the implementation of EMP measures presented in Table-46 & 47
respectively. The impact network for Socio-economic Environment is given in Fig.
20.

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Table 45: Prediction of Qualitative Impacts on Socio-Economic

Environment

Parameter Local Regional Direct Indirect Reversible Irreversible

Employment +  + + + 

Income +   + + 

Transport + + + +  +

Education      

Medical
     
facilities

Communication + + +   +

Sanitation -  -  - 

Housing      

Health -  -  - 

Recreation      

Agriculture -  -  - 

Cost of living + + +   +

Business + + +   +

Per Capita
+ + +   +
Income

Pollution -  -  - 
+: Positive Impact
- : Negative Impact
 : Insignificant

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Table 46: Expected Change in Subjective Quality of Life

Sr. Villages QoL (s) QoL (s) After Implementation of

No. EMP and Welfare Measure
0.46 0.48
1. Alamuru
0.44 0.46
2. Mandapeta
0.44 0.46
3. Kesavadasupalem
0.47 0.49
4. Antarvedi
0.45 0.47
5. Kesanapalli
0.48
6. Kammapalem 0.5

0.46 0.47
7. Vygreswaram
Average 0.46 0.48

Sr. Villages QoL (s) QoL (s) After Implementation

No. of EMP and Welfare Measure
1.
Eleti Padu 0.45 0.47
2.
Lakshmaneswaram 0.44 0.45
3.
Pittala Vemavaram 0.42 0.46
4.
Siddantham 0.43 0.45
5. Chinnamvaripalem 0.44 0.47

Average 0.44 0.46

Sr. No. Villages QoL (s) QoL (s) After

Implementation of EMP and
Welfare Measure
1. 0.45 0.48
Kaikaluru
2. 0.46 0.47
Pedda Kamanapudi
3. 0.46 0.48
Munjuluru

Average 0.46 0.48

QoL(s) = Subjective Quality of Life

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Table 47: Expected Change in Average Quality of Life

Sr. Villages QoL (a) QoL (a) After

No. Implementation of EMP
and Welfare Measure
Alamuru 0.46 0.48
1.

2. Mandapeta 0.45 0.47

3. Kesavadasupalem 0.47 0.48

4. Antarvedi 0.46 0.48

Kesanapalli 0.47 0.5

5.
Kammapalem 0.47 0.49
6.
Vygreswaram 0.48 0.5
7.
0.47 0.49
Average

Sr. Villages QoL (a) QoL (a) After Implementation

No. of EMP and Welfare Measure

1. Eleti Padu 0.46 0.48

2. Lakshmaneswaram 0.45 0.47

3. Pittala Vemavaram 0.44 0.45

4. Siddantham 0.44 0.46

Chinnamvaripalem
5. 0.45 0.47

Average 0.45 0.47

Sr. Villages QoL (a) QoL (a) After Implementation

No. of EMP and Welfare Measure
0.47 0.48
1. Kaikaluru
0.46 0.49
2. Pedda Kamanapudi

3. Munjuluru 0.47 0.5

Average 0.47 0.49

QoL(a) = Average Quality of Life

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It is necessary to identify the extent of these impacts for further planning of

control measures leading to mitigation of the adverse impacts. The impacts due
to proposed project on parameters of human interest socio-economic have been
assessed in term of: -

7.8.7. Positive Impacts

The Positive impacts identified from proposed project are described
below:
 Increase in job opportunities during the construction as well as operational
phase for the qualified and skilled as well as unqualified and unskilled
people in the study area that may have distinctive impact on the socio-
economic development of the region
 lfillment of the gas demand in the industrial sector of the region which will
ultimately improve the economy of the region
 The construction of gas wells will be accompanied by the development of
roads
 Quality of life will improve by proposed project through development of
infrastructure resources such as development of roads, water supply,
electricity etc.
 The civil amenities like medical facilities, market, education, sports and
cultural activities are likely to improve in the study area
 The gas exploited by drilling can be used as a domestic fuel
 With the enhancement of infrastructure facilities, better employment
opportunities the overall quality of life of the people will be upgraded
Increase in the availability of fuel in the area
 Many auxiliary and ancillary industries may develop due to the proposed
project activity

7.8.8. Negative Impacts

 Occupational hazards in terms of injuries & accidents may occur during
movement of rig & drilling of the wells
 Vehicle and drilling equipment can create noise pollution in construction
phase

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 Due to influx of population and pollution that may arise out of the proposed
project activity, undesirable problem on the social, economical and health
status of the people may rise in the region
 During construction phase of proposed project there could be added
unavoidable pollution in the region if proper abatement measures are not
adopted
 Change in the occupational patterns within the study area, as employment
will be provided only on short term basis.

7.9. Mitigation Measures

 It is recommended that all equipment is operated within specified design
parameters during construction and operational phases
 This can be achieved by minimizing the duration of testing through careful
planning and using high combustion efficiency, smokeless flare/ burners
 It is recommended that while deploying major noise generating equipment
such as diesel generators etc
 It will be checked that all mufflers are in good working order and that the
manufacturers have taken the normal measures for minimizing the noise
levels
 Noise barriers/shields in the form of well berm will be provided around the
units wherever possible
 Use of ear muffs/plugs and other protective devices will be provided to the
workforce in noise prone areas
 Wherever generator noise occurs in proximity to human settlements,
sound deadening barriers will be provided
 The effluents (wastewater) generated during drilling operations are
recommended to be collected in lined waste pits to avoid groundwater
contamination
 The additional manpower requirement for drilling activities will increase
employment opportunities for the local population, thus improving their
social status

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An Illustrative case of Typical Development Drilling

Drilling
Activity

Release of Air Pollutants

Primary
Impacts

Change in Air Quality Deposition of Particulates Impact on Visibility

on Soil, Water and
Vegetation

Secondary
Impact on Impact on Flora Impact on Soil Quality Impact on
Impacts & Fauna Aesthetics
Human Health

Impact on
Agricultural Production
Tertiary
Impacts
Impact on Economic Output Impact on Socio-Cultural Environment
Fig. 16: Impact Network for Air Environment

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An Illustrative case of Typical Develpoment Drilling

Drilling
Activity

Emission of Sound
Primary

Impacts
Change in Ambient Noise Level

Secondary Health Risks Impact on Work Output Migration of

(Quantity and Quality) Population
Impacts

Tertiary
Impact on Economic Output Impact on Socio-Cultural Environment
Impacts

Fig. 17: Impact Network for Noise Environment

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E I A/EMP for Development Drilling of 40 wells in KG Basin, A.P.

An Illustrative case of Typical Development Drilling

Activity Drilling

Primary Change .in Surface Abstraction of Release of

Impacts Morphology Water Wastewater

Impact on Runoff/Seepage

Impact on Hydraulics of Impact on Water Environmental Health

Water course Quality and Aesthetic Risk

Secondary Impact on
Impact on Cost of Water
Impacts Agricultural Impact on
Aquatic Life Treatment
Production Amenity

Tertiary Impact on Socio-Cultural

Impact on Economic Output
Environment
Impacts
Fig. 18: Impact Network for Water Environment

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E I A/EMP for Development Drilling of 40 wells in KG Basin, A.P.

An Illustrative case of Typical Development Drilling

Activity
Drilling

Primary Abstraction of Water Disturbance of Soil Disposal of

Impacts Wastewater and
Sludges on Land
Change in Groundwater Change in Structure
Regime: Soil Moisture/ of Soil: Texture/ Addition/Removal of
Water Level/Flow Permeability/Soil Substances or Heat
Pattern/Salt Water intrusion Aeration To/From the soil

Secondary
Impact on Soil Biota Impact on Flora and Fauna Impact on
Impacts Landscape

Impact on Agricultural Impact on

Production Livestock
Tertiary
Impact on Economic Impact on Socio-
Impacts Output Cultural Environment
Fig. 19: Impact Network for Land Environment

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E I A/EMP for Development Drilling of 40 wells in KG Basin, A.P.

An Illustrative case of Typical Development Drilling

Activity Drilling

Primary
Deployment of Consumption of Product Output
Impacts Work Force Materials/Chemicals and
Energy

Change in Demand for Change in Change in

Environmental
Employment Infrastructural Resource Economy Trade
Pollution
Pattern Facilities Base and Commerce

Secondary Change in Change in Land Impact on Environmental

Impact on
Impacts Income use Pattern Amenity/ Health and
Landscape
Distribution Recreation Aesthetics

Tertiary
Change in Economic Base and Cultural Values
Impacts

Fig. 20: Impact Network for Socio-economic Environment

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E I A/EMP for Development Drilling of 40 wells in KG Basin, A.P.

An Illustrative
Exploratory Drillingcase
inofPG_ONN_2001/1
Typical Development Drilling
Block District)

Road Diesel
Land Site Site Waste Well Workover
Aquisition Preparation Generators Pit Development Operations
Clearance

Drilling

Air pollution Noise Pollution Water Pollution Land Pollution

Increase in Increase in Increase Surface Ground Estuarine Aquatic Natural Increase Effect on Health Economic Increased
Air Quality Leachate Soil Benefits
Temp and Particulate in Noise Water Water Water Biota Vegetation in Salinity Fisheries Effects Employment
Impairment Effects Quality
Odour Matter Levels Pollution Pollution Impairment and Salt Facilities
Planning

IMPACT ON AIR & NOISE IMPACT ON WATER IMPACT ON LAND IMPACT ON SOCIO-ECONOMIC
ENIRONMENT ENVIRONMENT ENVIRONMENT
ENVIRONMENT

Fig. 21: Comprehensive Impact Network

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7.10 Project Post monitoring Program

Monitoring is one of the most important components of a management
system. The Continuous monitoring needs to be carried out for regulatory
requirements, environmental effects and performance of EMP implementation.
Development drilling is for short duration 3-4 months. During drilling waste water
quality, air quality monitoring and noise monitoring will be carried out.

Occupational Health Surveillance Program:

ONGC onshore operations are comes under Mine Act (Ministry of Labor)
and as per Mines Act every person employed in mine should go under
PME (Periodical Medical Examination) by approved medical doctor / Hospital at
fixed interval i.e.

Up to 45 yrs - Once in a 05 Yrs

46 to 55 yrs - 03 yrs &
> 55 yrs - 01 yr

As per plan 10 % employees are being medically examined every year

and records is being kept for future reference and track.

There are ONGC Panel hospitals / Laboratories / Doctors with necessary

medical facilities for PME like X-Rays, ECG, Sonography, PFT, Audiometery,
Eye / ENT Surgeon / Blood / urine test etc.

ONGC Rajahmundry Asset has its own dispensaries and empanelled

hospitals for employees and their family members for day to day
medical problems. Ambulance is available 24 hrs.

All the work centers have First Aid Box, Stretcher and 24 Hrs. Emergency
vehicles.

The main occupational health hazards may be noise at drilling rigs,

and necessary guidelines are available at sites.

Free medical camps (medical checkup / eye check up) are also organized by
ONGC in villages around the operational area, and accordingly patients are
treated and free medicines are given. If required free operations are also done by
ONGC.

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8. Environmental Management Plan

The EIA for the proposed development drilling programme has identified a
number of impacts that are likely to arise during the site preparation, well testing
and demobilization. The EIA has examined biophysical and socio-economic
effects of the proposed activity from site clearance and preparation of the site
and testing through to abandonment, demobilization and restoration. On
evaluation of environmental impact it is observed that the real benefits of
proposed activity can result only if the risks of pollution are minimized. This can
be accomplished through implementation of adequate preventive and control
measures.

Where adverse impacts have been identified, the EIA has examined the extent to
which these impacts would be mitigated through the adoption of industry
standard practice and guidelines and following local legislative requirements.
The Environmental Management Plan (EMP) describes both generic good
practice measures and site specific measures, the implementation of which is
aimed at mitigating potential impacts associated with the d evelopment drilling
activity.

The EMP provides a delivery mechanism to address potential adverse impacts,

to instruct contractors and to introduce standards of good practice to be adopted
for all project work. The EMP can be developed into a standalone document
covering each stage of the development drilling activity.

For each stage of the activity, the EMP lists all the requirements to ensure
effective mitigation of every potential biophysical and socio-economic impact
identified in the EIA. For each impact, or operation, which could otherwise give
rise to impact, the following information is presented:

 A comprehensive listing of the mitigation measures.

 The parameters that will be monitored to ensure effective implementation
of the action.
 The timing for implementation of the action to ensure that the objectives of
mitigation are fully met.

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The EMP comprises a series of components covering direct mitigation and

environmental monitoring, an outline waste management plan and restoration
plan.

ONGC is committed to the adoption of these measures and will carry out ongoing
inspection to ensure their implementation and effectiveness by its contractors.

The development drilling programme has been designed to avoid or minimize

impacts to the environment. Where residual impacts remain, which may have
moderate or significant impacts on the environment, mitigation measures have
been prescribed in this EIA, which will either reduce the impact to an acceptable
level or adequately offset it.

All the Drilling Rigs deployed for development drilling operations are duly
accredited as per ISO 14001:2004 standards and the effectiveness of the EMP
envisaged is duly audited periodically internally as well as by external certification
bodies.

Based on the impacts identified, a conceptual Environmental Management Plan

(EMP) is recommended as below:

General Recommendations

The present practices for mitigation of adverse impacts and technology options
that can be considered to reduce the risks of marine pollution due to routine or
accidental discharges of wastes are briefly described below.

8.1. Drilling Fluids

Mostly water based mud (WBM) is used as drilling fluid in d evelopment drilling to
maintain hydrostatic pressure control in the well and to lubricate the drill bit. The
following regulations are kept in view while preparing the EMPs.

Regulations

 The chemical additives used in the drilling fluids (WBM) will be

biodegradable (mainly organic constituents) and will have toxicity of 96 hr
LC50 value > 30,000 mg/l as per mysid toxicity of test conducted on locally
available sensitive sea species.

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 Hexavalent chromium compound will not be used in drilling fluids.

Alternate chemicals in place of chrome lignosulfonate will be used in
drilling fluids. In case, chrome compound is used, the drilling fluids and
drill cuttings will not be disposed into neither canals nor open sea (for
offshore wells).
 WBM will be recycled to a maximum extent

Drill Cuttings

 Drill Cuttings (DC) originating from on-shore will be separated from Water
Base Mud (WBM) will be properly washed and unusable drilling fluids (DF)
may be disposed off in a well-designed lined pit with impervious liner. The
disposal pit will be provided with a leachate collection system.
 Design aspects of the impervious waste disposal pit; capping of disposal
pit will be informed by the oil industry to State Pollution Control Board
(SPCB) at the time of obtaining consent.
 In case of any problem due to geological formation for drilling, low toxicity
OBM having aromatic content < 1% will be used. If the operators intend to
use such OBM to mitigate specific hole problem/ SBM it will be intimated
to Ministry of Environment and Forests/State Pollution Control Board.
 The waste pit after it is filled up shall be covered with impervious liner,
over which, a thick layer of native soil with proper top slope is provided.
 Drilling wastewater including DC wash water will be collected in the
disposal pit evaporated or treated and will comply with the notified
standards for on-shore disposal.
 Total material acquired for preparation of drill site will be restored after
completion of drilling operation leaving no waste material at site. APPCB
will be informed about the restoration work.

8.2. Air Environment

All equipment will be operated within specified design parameters during
construction, drilling and operational phases. Well testing (flaring) will be
undertaken so as to minimize impacts of emissions. This can be achieved by
minimizing the duration of testing through careful planning.

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Drilling activities are temporary and last for few months only and do not cause
any significant impact on the environment.

8.3. Noise Environment

It is recommended that while procuring major noise generating equipment such
as diesel generators etc. it will be checked that all mufflers are in good working
order and that the manufacturers have taken the normal measures for minimizing
the noise levels.

Use of ear muffs/plugs and other protective devices will be provided to the
workforce in noise prone areas. Enclosures around noise sources may be
provided depending on the size of the unit.

8.4. Land Environment

Soils in the region have moderate infiltration rates amenable to groundwater
pollution. Considering this fact and poor ground water quality, every precaution
would be taken to avoid spillages of chemicals on soils to avoid further
deterioration of groundwater quality and danger to soil microbial populations in
soils which are sensitive to hydrocarbon. Treated solid wastes, which have to be
disposed on land, will be made on adequately prepared waste pits.

The earth cuttings (approx 212 m3) generated at drill site will be mostly inorganic
in nature and shall be used for land filling and road making.

8.5. Water Environment

Wastewater generated during drilling operations would be around 10-15 m3/d.
Wastewater characteristics would be of varied nature and likely to contain soil
particulate matter along with organics. The treatment scheme comprises of
treating the raw effluent with chemicals such as Alum and Lime to facilitate
desired coagulation and flocculation. Adequate settling time is ensured for the
removal of the separated solid material. The treated waste water shall be reused
during drilling operations. Garland drains are made to collect all waste water into
the waste pit and drill site construction is such that storm water is not allowed to
mix.

The mobile ETP is a single trailer mounted fully mobile facility designed in such a
way that dismantling, transportation from one location to another and

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commissioning time should not exceed ten days. The plant shall not occupy area
more than 6m x 9m for its installation. The plant is designed to process the drill
site effluent, so as to deliver minimum 30 m 3/day of treated water having the
desired characteristics of treated effluent as per the standards laid down by the
APPCB.

The plant has a storage tank of 10 m 3 capacity for initial storage of treated water
prior to its discharge/ delivery. The plant has the arrangement and capacity to
draw raw effluent 150 ft. away from the plant from waste pit. The pump has one
discharge pump of adequate capacity to pump treated water to water storage
tank/mud tanks for mud preparation which are approximately 150 ft away from
the plant.

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Fig 22: Typical Drill Site Layout

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8.6. Biological Environment

In order to avoid adverse environmental impacts the discharge of the gaseous,
liquid and particulate waste into the atmosphere will be minimized.

Destruction of natural habitat of animals will be very insignificant. Nesting, mating

and other wildlife behavioral patterns will not be disrupted or destroyed. The
removal of native vegetation has profound effects upon the natural environment
and animal life. Rich and diverse vegetation in the study area will be maintained.

Attention may be given on publication of zoological articles, guides, books and

monographs indicating importance of local and regional plant and animal life.
Individuals who are local authorities are important resources and will not be
overlooked.

 Water runoff, erosion and siltation will be minimum, because these may
have chronic impacts to the biota of the area.
 Special care will be taken to protect endangered and localized animals.
 Whenever necessary, wildlife habitat will be re-established or restored.

The concept of sustainable development will be accepted. This concept, if

accepted widely, would seem to be the only conceivable way by which negative
developmental impacts can be curtailed.

8.7. Socio-economic Environment

In order to mitigate the adverse impacts on social and economic aspects, due to
the project, it is necessary to formulate certain EMP measures for the smooth
functioning and commissioning of the project. The suggested measures are given
below:

 Preference shall be given for employment of the local people during

construction phase which will secure the economical life of the
unemployed population on temporary basis.
 Communication with the local community will be institutionalized & done
on regular basis by the project authorities to provide as opportunity for
mutual discussion.
 Create various awareness campaigns in the community, specially related
to basic health, hygiene and sanitation.

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 Vocational training programmes will be organized for the local people that
may develop their capacity and skills and will be helpful for them in getting
more employment opportunities.
 Protection of persons against dust emissions during construction and
transportation activities.
 Welfare activities such as organizing medical check-up camps and
extending facilities to local population will be undertaken.
 Welfare measures may be decided and planned according to the priority
and need of the community during development phase.
 Environmental Awareness programmes will be organized to bring forth the
environmental management measures being undertaken & the beneficial
aspects of the proposed project for improving their quality of life.

8.8. Waste Management Plan

The waste management plan (WMP) covers disposal of all wastes with further
reference to offsite disposal of those wastes, which cannot be dealt with onsite.
The objectives of the WMP are:

 To provide the necessary guidance for the reduction and management of

wastes generated on drilling site.
 To comply with all current Indian environmental regulations.
 To meet industry standards on waste management and control.
 To prevent occurrence of any environmental degradation within the locality
due to waste handling.

8.8.1. Disposal Options

The following disposal options will be available on site. However, it will be
necessary to evaluate the suitability of various waste specific technologies for the
site and select an option that will cause minimum environmental impact on the
surrounding:

 Landfill: Non-hazardous inert drill cuttings and waste residual mud shall be
disposed off by spreading, drying and covering as per Landfill guidelines
(Waste mud and drill cuttings disposal plan).

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 Offsite Disposal: Wastes which cannot be handled at the drilling site will
be removed to a designated offsite and suitably disposed for
reuse/recycling etc.
 Produced Hydrocarbon Flaring: Only gas produced during well testing will
be flared via a conventional burner system during initial testing. After
testing, produced HC is transported to GGS/GCS. No flaring of oil will be
done at drill-site.
 Sewage Disposal: A sewage disposal system will be established in the
campsite during the drilling operation. Being a temporary activity the
sewage will be diverted to septic tank or soak pit.
 The treated liquid waste will be used, where possible, for agriculture
purposes.

8.8.2. Waste Reduction, Reuse & Recycle

Waste reduction effort will concentrate on reuse, recycling, minimization of
packaging material, reduction in size of waste material and finally reduction of
time spent on location via optimization of drilling efforts.

Plastic containers, especially those used for fluid and cementing chemicals, are
prime targets for use as water containers. As some of these may contain
substances, which can be harmful to humans, care will be taken to ensure that
they are not removed from the drilling site intact. In general, after emptying
chemical containers, which did not contain any substances, container will be
punctured and eventually compacted and sent for disposal.

The drilling site will not have facilities for rinsing chemical drums containers.
These containers will be fully emptied, labeled with contents and removed offsite
for further handling and disposal.

Used medical wastes, inclusive of but not limited to bandage material, syringes
etc., will be collected in a special collection drum to minimize manual handling.
Contents of the drum will be labeled as biomedical waste and shipped offsite for
treatment/ disposal.

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Waste oil and lubricants generated in the drilling process will be sent to
authorized recyclers. All spent lead acid batteries will be sent for recycling to
authorized waste contractors.

All waste storage area within the site will have proper bunds to prevent
any escape of contaminated runoff. It shall be ensured that any runoff
from such temporary storage area will channelized into the waste-water pit,
adequately treated and discharged in compliance with the regulatory
requirements.

8.8.3. Waste Mud & Drill Cuttings Disposal Plan

The section details recommendations and proposals for isolations, containment
and disposal of drilling mud and drill solids from the drilling program. The strategy
recommended provides for maximum protection of the environment from any
potential adverse impact of the drilling fluid and cuttings

Waste Generation at Drill Site

Drill Mud

It is estimated that approximately 700 m3 of drilling fluid will be formulated during

the course of one development well (for a well of approx. 3500-4000 m) of the
type to be drilled. During fluid or mud is basically a mixture of water, clay
polymers and weighting material with all individual components being
environmentally friendly. The mud system, being a closed loop, the mud is re-
circulated and mainly retained in the well. A small quantity of residual unusable
portions of mud retained in the mud tanks is disposed of at the end of drilling
operations. The mud being inert material of bentonite and barite is filled in lined
pits and dried. The dried mud is covered with excavated earth and native top soil.

Drill Cuttings

It is expected that approximately 212 m3 of drill cuttings will be generated during

the drilling of a well. Considering a specific gravity of the cuttings as the total
weight will be 400 MT. It is planned to deposit the cuttings generated in the waste
pit where they will be allowed to dry and finally they will be covered with topsoil.

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8.9. Environment Protection and Reclamation Plan

 Construction activities will be coordinated in consultation with landowners
to reduce interference with agricultural activities.
 Top soil will be stripped to color change or to plough depth and will be
stored on the site. The depth of stripping will be on the basis of site
specific soil survey.
 If required for rig stabilization the well site will be temporarily padded with
granular fill.
 The drill site would be provided with sufficient sanitary facilities.
 Combustible wastes generated would be burnt in a controlled manner or
disposed off in an approved dump site/
 Hazardous materials such as petroleum, spirit, diesel lubrication oil and
paint materials required at the site during construction activities would be
stored as per safety norms. To ensure that the local inhabitants are not
exposed to the hazards of construction the site would be secured with
manned entry posts.
 It would be ensured that both gasoline and diesel powered construction
vehicles are properly maintained. The vehicle maintenance area would be
so located that the contamination of surface/soil/water by accidental
spillage of oil/diesel will not take place and dumping of waste oil will be
strictly prohibited.
 All irrigation canals and ditches encountered by the proposed well site
access and well site will be maintained in a fully functional state.
 No Construction material debris will be left on site.

8.10. Plans for Well Site Operation and or Abandonment

 The site will be fenced in the event the well is successful. The well site
will be reduced to approximately 30 m x 30 m for the production phase
and all non-essential areas will be fully reclaimed.
 If the well becomes operational the site will be monitored and kept in a
weed free state. Weed control will be achieved through either mechanical

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control or strategic and responsible application of an appropriate

herbicide.
 In the event the well is unsuccessful the well bore will be cement plugged.
 Any contaminated soils (e.g. by accidental spills of fuel, lubricants,
hydraulic fluids, saline produced water) will be treated on site or if
necessary, be removed from the site to an appropriate landfill for further
bioremediation.
 During site reclamation subsoil compaction will be relieved by scarifying,
all topsoil will be evenly replaced.
 On abandonment newly constructed access will be fully reclaimed unless
specifically requested to do otherwise by the landowner.
 Any irrigation ditches diverted to accommodate a well site will be realigned
to their pre-well site configuration in consultation with the landowner.

8.11. Drilling Program Safety Guidelines

All API, Indian Petroleum Act and Indian Mines Act shall be strictly adhered to.
Drilling Contractor‟s safety guidelines shall be strictly adhered to as well as all
Personnel Safety Guidelines.

The well site supervisor shall carry out regular safety checks. All crew members
would be reminded frequently of working in a safe manner. If unsafe equipment
or procedures are observed, operations would cease immediately and the hazard
duly corrected.

The well site supervisor would ensure that the Driller and above will have a valid
“Well Control Certification”. Driller and above would have sound knowledge of the
API specification relevant to Well Control Practices (API RP53 and those
prescribed in it) and practice the same in all aspects of the job.

Table 48: Classification of Wastes generated during proposed drilling and

their disposal options

Type of Waste Disposal Options

Plastic Recycling
Inert waste, such as glass, metal, Recycling
construction materials
Black water Treatment in packaged sewage treatment system

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and discharge to soak pit

Liquid wastes (e.g. paints, solvents, Labeled, sealed in containers and disposed off-site
chemicals) for further handling/disposal. Care to be taken that
non-compatible liquids are not mixed
Mud or cement chemicals Transported to next site
Batteries Labeled, containerized and sent off-site for further
handling/disposal
Used medical wastes Collected, labeled as biomedical waste, and sent
off-site for disposal. Review possibility of safe
incineration for readily combustible items
Spent oil spill containment material, Compacted, sealed, labeled and shipped off-site for
absorbent etc. treatment/disposal
Spent oil Note that oil from engine oil changes may be
designed as „hazardous‟ based on quantity will be
sent back to base for disposal
Produced hydrocarbons Hydrocarbons will be transported to nearest
GGS/GCS. No flaring of oil will be done at site.
Drill Cuttings Solidification and burial in dedicated pit on-site
(Waste mud and cuttings disposal plan)
Drilling fluids Left for evaporation in lined pits.

8.11.1. General
 Low toxicity Water-based mud system having 96 h LC50 30000
mg/l.

 Water-based mud will be recycled and reused to minimize

discharges.

 Drill cuttings will be thoroughly washed and separated from the

mud and discharged intermittently.

 Chemical additives employed in all types of mud will have 96 h

mysid toxicity LC50 30000 mg/l.

 No oil wastes will be dumped in the sea. Oil soaked wastes will be
incinerated in the rig.

 All diesel engines will be maintained well to minimize emissions.

 Barites used in mud systems will have low Cd (<3 mg/kg) and Hg
(<1 mg/kg) content,

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 Sewage will be treated before discharge and will have /mg/l

residual Chlorine.

 No fishing will be allowed within 200m of the drill site.

Air environment

 All equipment will be maintained at optimum operating condition.

 Exhausts from DG sets will be controlled by adopting the CPCB
standards.
 Dry and dusty powders will be stored in sealed containers.
 Gas flaring will be restricted to the shortest possible testing phase.

Noise Environment

 Operating crew will be protected from high noise areas using

suitable ear-muffles.
 Noise attenuation in the form of barriers and enclosures will be
provided.

In conclusion, it is imperative that ONGC as a premier oil producer of the nation

voluntarily accepts the responsibility of ensuring the protection of the
environment around its operational areas so as to ensure the sustainable
development of the area. Further, ONGC shall adopt best available technology to
reduce the impact on environment due to oil exploitation activities.

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9. Risk Assessment, Emergency & Disaster

Management Plan

9.1 Introduction
Risk arises out of hazards and hazard is potential condition waiting to be
converted into an unwanted event i.e. accident. Thus risk assessment is
concerned with identification of hazards associated in drilling operations along
with the aim of reducing, controlling and eliminating hazards from the operations.
Once the hazards are identified, safeguards can be recommended, which can
either prevent an event from occurring or reduce the consequences, if at all the
event occurs.

Standard Management System Terminology

OHSAS 18001 is an Occupational Health and Safety Assessment Series for
health and safety management systems, it prescribes requirements for an
Occupational Health & safety (OH&S) Management system to enable the
organization to formulate a policy and objectives, taking into account legislative
requirements and information about significant hazards and risks, which the
organization can control and over which it can be expected to have an influence,
to protect its employees and others, whose health and safety may be affected by
the activities of the organization.
The OH&S management systems are useful to:
• minimize risk to employees and others
• improve business performance
• assist organizations to establish a responsible image

9.2 Risk Assessment Methodology

The basic steps adopted for risk assessments are mentioned below:-
• Classifying the work activities into different sub-activities.
• Identifying all hazards relating to each work activity / process. Consider
which might be harmed and how.

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• Making a subjective estimate of risk associated with each hazard

assuming that planned or existing control are in place.
• Rating the risk.
• Preparing a plan to deal with the issues found by the assessment.
• Reviewing adequacy of action plan.
Each activity or process will have a number of hazards associated with them.

Fig.23 Hazard Identification: Black Box Approach

Once hazard associated with drilling activities were identified, the level impact
has been assessed based on subjective criteria. For doing this three key element
have been into consideration based on risk assessment methodology.
• Consequence: Nature of the harm, part(s) of the body likely to be affected
• Probability of occurrence (likelihood): the likelihood that an impact due to
the project activity / aspect will occur.
• Legal: aid legislative compliance

The consequences on various risks have been ranked into 4 levels ranging from
incidental, minor, major and fatality. Subsequently, to assign a level of

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consequence to each risk, criteria were defined for environmental consequences.

Legal issues have been taken into account in the criteria sets and in many
instances have been given high weightage to make an impact significant.
Additionally, the results of quantitative impact prediction exercise, wherever
undertaken, have also been fed into the process. The consequence ranking and
criteria‟s are presented in Table 49

Table 49: Consequence Factor

Consequence Category Criteria Definition

Ranking
FATALITY 4 Fatality
MAJOR 3 1. Permanent loss of body part
2. Permanent disability
3. Loss of property >Rs. 5 lakhs
4. Shut down of plant / facility
5. Blow out / explosion
6. Loss of more than 500 man-hours
7. Fire of more than 15 minutes duration
8. Failure of rig critical equipment like
draw works, casing line etc.
9. Serious ill health resulting in loss of
more than 500 man-hrs.

MINOR 2 1. Any accident not falling under any of

the categories of major incident.
2. Minor ill health

INCIDENTAL 1 Near-miss

Predictions based on observation of previous similar activities have been used in

the risk assessment process. It has tried possible to assess all risks associated
with the activities and it will be further included as and when identified new
hazards.

To assign probability of occurrence to each activity, four criteria were ranked and
defined. The criteria for probability of occurrence are shown in Table 50

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Table 50: Probability of Occurrence (Likelihood)

Likelihood Category Ranking Criteria Definition

FREQUENT 4 Incident is likely to occur at this facility
within the next 3 months.
OCCASIONAL 3 Incident is likely to occur at this facility
within the next 6 months.
SELDOM 2 Incident is likely to occur at this facility
within the next 1 year.
UNLIKELY 1 Given current practices and
procedures, incidents are likely to occur
at this facility within the next 5 years.
Legislative compliance is considered to identify a risk and is shown in Table 51

Table 51: Legislation

Under legislation Not under legislation

10 1

The evaluation of risk has been expressed as the product of the consequence,
probability of occurrence and legislation of the risk, and is given below as follows:
Evaluation of Risk = Consequence X probability of occurrence X legislation
The Table-52 below shows risk assessment criteria in the scale of 01-160 and
will be used for delineation of preventive actions, if any, and management plans
for mitigation of the risk.

Table 52: Risk Assessment Criteria

RANKING (CONSEQUENCE X SIGNIFICANCE

PROBABILITY OF OCCURRENCE X
LEGISLATION)
90-160 EXTERME RISK – must implement
additional
60-80 HIGH RISK – may require additional
control
30-40 MODERATE RISK – existing controls
are sufficient
01-20 LOW RISK

9.3 Risk Assessment

This section discusses the risks of the project activities on the human that get
affected by the project. The rankings for consequence, probability of occurrence

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and legislation on criteria set earlier and the resulting risk has been recorded
below for each set of risk and the same has been represented in the matrix and
documented in Table 53.

9.3.1 Risk Associated with Design & Planning

If site is selected on natural drainage it will create water logging and germs,
mosquito etc will develop that will further spread malaria, chikun-gonia etc to
nearby communities. Selection and procurement of improper machinery and
equipment may create noise, emission etc that will disturb the habitants.
Mitigation Measures:
• Data will be analyzed properly for proper site selection.
• Machinery and equipment that comply with national standard and statutory
regulation will be selected for procurement.

9.3.2 Risk Associated with Approach Road

Dust, smoke, emission, noise will be generated during road and may disturb
surrounding communities by allergic diseases. There may be possibility of road
accident during transportation of material. Free movement of children and animal
will disturb due to new vehicular traffic.
Mitigation Measures:
• Adequate measure will be taken to avoid accident
• Watering will be done to reduce dust
• Machinery and equipment that will be used will comply with statutory
regulations.
• Provide safety equipment for worker and create safety awareness among
villagers.

9.3.3 Risk Associated with Drilling & Testing

Drilling activities will affect the surrounding noise, air quality and consequently
receptors residing in the villages are likely to be significant, if not properly
managed. Uncontrolled flow from well bore or leakage from fuel storage may
create fire, explosion exposing surrounding communities to serious danger.

Mitigation Measure
• Adopting Safe operating practices

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• Proper maintenance of equipment

• Providing safety equipment
• Job specific training to employees

9.3.4 Risk Associated with Rig Transportation and Building/ Dismantling

During these processes, there may be road accident, electrocution due to large
machinery comes in contact with overhead lines, human, animal etc being struck
by crane, trailer, truck etc. Sometimes object may be fall from truck / trailer due to
overload or improper handling. Loaded vehicle may topple due to wet soil or
moving on un-compacted soil. Risks associated with these accidents are mainly
physical injury, loss of life, damage of equipment.

Mitigation Measures
• Adopting safe operating practice
• Create awareness among workers involved in the operation.
• Use appropriate vehicle for transporting machinery.

Table 53: Risk Assessment Matrix Drilling

S.l Activity Sub-Activity Risk Conse Probabilit Legality Risk

quenc y Level
e with
existing
A B C control
A*B*C
A DESIGN & PLANNING STAGE
A. Physical Site Illness from 1 1 1 1
1 Presence of well selection/Physical Diseases
site and presence/
associated Land on Lease
Infrastructure
A. Procurement of Procurement of Illness from 2 4 1 8
2 machinery and Machinery/Equipm disturbance
equipment ent
A. Natural Hazards Natural Hazards 3 1 1 3
3 (Flood/Earthqua (Flood/Earthquake)
ke)
B APPROACH ROAD

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B. Road Operation of Illness from 2 4 1 8

1 Exploratory Machineries disturbance
&Cross Transport of Injury/fatalit 4 1 10 40
Drainage works Material/Spoil/ y from road
Machinery accident
B. Land filling Operation of Illness from 2 4 1 8
2 including machineries disturbance
padding Transport of Injury/fatalit 4 1 10 40
Materials y from road
accident
Construction of Illness from 2 4 1 8
Site disturbance
B. Transport of Transport of Injury/fatalit 4 1 10 40
3 Material, Spoil & Material / Spoil / y from road
Machinery Machinery accident
C DRILLING & TESTING ACTIVITY
C. Operation & Power/Energy Illness from 2 4 1 8
1 Maintenance of generation & disturbance
rig and consumption
associated
machinery
C. Testing & Flaring Testing / Flaring of Illness from 2 4 1 8
2 of Natural Gas Natural Gas disturbance
C. Workforce Discharge of Illness from 1 1 1 1
3 accommodation domestic waste diseases
& sanitation water
Storage / disposal Illness from 1 1 1 1
domestic food diseases
waste
C. Discharge of Discharge of Illness from 1 1 1 1
4 process waste process waste diseases
water water
C. Sourcing & Sourcing / Injury 4 1 10 40
5 Transportation Transportation on fatality from
work force, work force / road
Material Material accident
(Equipment,
chemical, fuel,
water)
C. Technical Accidental release Injury / 3 3 10 90
6 Emergencies of gas / liquid fatality from
hydrocarbon fire
explosion
D DECOMMISSIONING / CLOSURE
D. Transportation of Transportation of Injury 4 1 10 40
1 drilling facilities drilling facilities fatality from
road
accident

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D. Reclamation of Transport of Ijury fatality 4 1 10 40

2 land spoil/debris from road
accident
9.4 Disaster Management Plan
In view of the hazardous nature of products / process handled by the ONGC,
Disaster Management Plans (DMPs) has been prepared. These plans are based
on various probable scenarios like Well Blow Out, Fire, Explosion, Natural
Calamities etc. The consequence arising out of such incidents are accurately
predicted with the help of latest technique available by various Risk Analysis
Studies. To minimize the extent of damage consequent to any disaster and
restoration of normalcy is the main purpose of DMP. There are on site
Emergency Plans that deal with handling of the emergency within boundary of
the plants mainly with the help of industry‟s own resources. Also when the
damage extends to the neighboring areas, affecting local population beyond
boundaries of plant, Off-site Emergency plans is put into action in which quick
response and services of many agencies are involved e.g. Government, Fire
Services, Civil defence, Medical, Police, Army, Voluntary organizations etc.

9.4.1 Objective of Disaster Management Plan

The following are the main objective of Disaster Management Plan:
1. Safeguarding lives both at installations and in neighborhood.
2. Containing the incident & bringing it under control.
3. Minimizing damage to property & environment.
4. Resuscitation & treatment of causalities.
5. Evacuating people to safe area.
6. Identifying persons and to extend necessary welfare assistance to
causalities.
7. Finally when situation is controlled, efforts are to be made to return to
normal or near normal conditions.

9.4.2 Disaster Management Plan: Key Elements

Following are the key elements of any DMP:
Basis of the plan
Accident prevention procedures / measures
• Accident/ emergency response planning procedures

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• Recovery procedure
A broad outline of responsibilities and duties of different team members
concerning the emergency management plan are given in following figure

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Fig 24: Organogram for On-site Emergency

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Fig 25: Organogram for Off-Site Emergency

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9.4.3 Type of Anticipated Hazards

The following are the major disasters likely to be happened during the
drilling/production activity:
1) Well Blowout
2) Fire / Explosion
3) Gas Leakage (H2S, Natural Gas etc.)
4) Oil Spills

9.4.3.1 Well Blow Out

Blow-out (uncontrolled gushing of oil & gas) is the worst situation, which may
arise at oil wells during drilling, work-over operations, perforation, and reservoir
studies at active wells etc. or due to some unforeseen reasons.
A blow out, though rare, is the worst accident that can occur in a drilling
operation that is often accompanied by fire and explosion exposing workers to
serious danger to their lives, burns and poisoning. To understand the failure
modes resulting to formation of kick and subsequent blow outs we have to
understand the safety systems installed for blow out prevention.
Prevention of blow outs rests primarily on control of any kick in the well bore. A
kick means entry of formation fluids into well bore in large enough quantity to
require shutting in the well under pressure. Once a kick is detected, steps can be
taken to control entry of formation fluids into the well bore by over balancing the
expected bottom hole pressure with properly conditioned mud and operation of
safety valves i.e. BOP, whereby the space between the drill pipes and the
casings can be closed and well itself shut off completely. Several instruments are
provided on a drilling rig for detection of kicks.

a) Instrumentation in Mud System

Continuous monitoring of condition of mud in the well provides information useful
for well control. The following instruments and equipments are used in the drilling
mud system for this purpose:
• A pit level indicator registering increase or decrease in drilling mud
volume. It is connected with an audio-visual alarm near the drillers control
panel.

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• A trip with float-marking device to accurately measure the volume of mud

going in to the well. This is useful to keep the well feed with required
quantity of mud at all times.
• A gas detector or explosi meter installed at the primary shale shaker
together with an audio-visual alarm at the drillers control panel to indicate
the well presence of gas-cut mud in the well.
• The kick in the well is prevented by keeping the hydrostatic head of the
drilling fluid greater than the formation pressure. The primary control can
be lost in the following situations:
• While tripping, if the well is not kept full with the required volume of mud.
• If there is reduction in hydrostatic pressure in the well due to swabbing,
which may be caused if the drilling string is pulled out too fast or by a
balled-up or clogged bit, which is indicated by insufficient filling of mud.
• If there is loss of circulation, which may be caused either due to running in
too fast, thereby, causing the weak horizons of the well to break or while
drilling through a formation with cracks or cavity.

b) BOP Stack

In a well, after the surface casing blow-out prevention

(BOP) equipment is installed and maintained before
resuming drilling Annular preventer for closing the
well regardless of size / shape of the drill string in the
hole or no string in the hole.

• The spool is double ram preventer, blind ram

for closing against open hole as well as pipe
ram for closing against drill pipes.
• Drilling spool located below the double ram
preventer provided with choke and kill lines
which are connected to the choke and kill
manifold. A non-return valve is provided in the kill line.
Fig 26: BOP Stack

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Table 54: Standard Operating Practices for Blowout

Sl.No. Action Details of action Action to be

taken by
1 Declaration of well „Out of If the I/C of the DIC of the Rig
control‟ operation of the Rig
feels the well is out
of control and could
not be brought
under control
through normal
procedure,
emergency should
be declared.
2 Switch-off the Power Immediately after DIC of the Rig
the Blowout is
declared, switch off
the Main power
system, which can
cause the ignition.
3 Ensure personal safety Call all personnel DIC of the Rig
from the Rig floor
area. Ensure
whether all the
persons reported or
not. If anybody is
entrapped try to
rescue.
4 First Aid If anybody is DIC of the Rig
injured, carry out
the first aid and
send him to the
nearest hospital
5 Communication to control rook Report the DIC of the Rig
Emergency to Base
Control Room.
6 Communication to senior officers Base control room Base control
has to communicate room
the Emergency to
all the key
personnel.
7 Activation of SOP Based on the Asset Manager
information
received and also
after visiting the
site, seeing the
gravity of situation,

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SOP for dealing the

emergency has to
be activated.
8 Make water supply arrangements Make arrangement I/C Fire
to connect water Services
line / spray water on
the wellhead, if the
well not on fire.
9 Relief Camps People are to be Head HR
evacuated from the
premises of 1000
meters. If there is
release of Toxic gas
like H2S, relief
camps are to be
organized with all
facility for the
evacuated people
till be well is
controlled.
10 Crude Oil Containment Make trenches to Asset CMT
collect the crude Head
and subsequently
transport to nearest
GGS.
11 Remove the Rig equipment Remove all the Head RCMT of
unwanted the Area
equipment around
the wellhead to
protect them from
the danger of fire
and also to create
access to the
wellhead.
12 Establish Communication center In-built Head RCMT of
at site communication the Area
room has to be
mobilized and made
operational
13 Manning of communication Personnel should Head infocom
center be deployed on
round the clock
basis to the
communication
centre at the
problem site
14 Establish Base control room Establish Concerned
communication services Head
control room in the

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base with the all

type of
communication
facilities. Control
room should work
on round the clock
basis.
15 Establish First Aid centre First aid centre& Head Medical
medical support has Services
to be established.
16 Care of casualties Nearest hospital / Head medical
Care centre should Services
be alerted for
receiving the
emergency cases.
17 Cordoning of area Boundary has to be Head Security
fixed all around the
problem area and
has to be declared
as restricted area.
18 Mobilize the Blowout Blow-out control LM(Logistics)
equipment as
directed by RCMT
should be
mobilized.
19 Control equipment from RCMT Transport LM(Logistics)
location equipment for the
mobilization of
personnel,
equipment, removal
of debris etc., are to
be provided as
desired by Head-
RCMT
20 Accommodation/Food/Beverages Accommodation for Head HR
all CMT Experts at
nearest possible
location.
21 Action plan for controlling Based on the Head CMT
blowout condition of the well Operations
on the surface and
Sub-surface & the
available data,
workout step-by-
step detailed action
plan with bar charts.
22 Insurance related matters Reporting of Re. of Finance
incident to the
underwriters, also

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supplementation of
required data to
them
communication of
other decision /
advise etc., to Head
CMT-Ops, claims,
pursue of claims.
23 Construct leveled Surface A leveled surface LM(Works)
with required
hardening has to be
provided at a place
required by Head
RCMT to place the
officer/rest/store
room etc.
24 Pumping arrangements and fill Dig pits as LM(Works)
water suggested by head
RCMT, Lay the
pipeline, and
arrange pumps to
pump the water
from the main
source to water pits.
25 Install Fire Pump Install fire pumps, Head-RCMT
Monitors at required
places and test
them on load.
26 Pin point the As per the action Head CMT
equipment./expertise / special plan identify the operations
services which is not available equipment, workout
with RCMT expertise and
services required
for each operation
also.
27 Directional drilling Find out Directional Head Drilling
drilling services as Services
desired by Head
CMT. Operations
could be provided
by local team or
not.
28 Snubbing services Find out if snubbing Head CMT
unit can carry out Operations
snubbing services
required or not.
29 Safety during operations Safety of the Head CMT
personnel, Operations
equipment etc. is to

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be taken care with

out compromise
during control
operations.
30 Monitoring of the plan Action plan has to Corporate
be monitored on communication
day-today basis;
constraints if any.
31 Press Briefing Every day or once Asset
in three days press Manager/CC
briefing are to be
organized in
consultation with
Head CMT
operations, Asset
Manager.
32 VIP Visits VIP Visits should be Asset Manager
planned in such a
way that control
operation should
not be hampered
and also safety of
the VIPs should be
taken seriously.
33 Review meeting Review meeting Asset Manager
with regard to
progress,
constraints if at all
should be
organized every two
days. All the
responsible persons
noted above should
attend the meeting.

9.4.3.2 Fire
Fire is one of the major hazards, which can result from storage tanks. Fire
prevention and code enforcement is one of the major areas of responsibility for
the fire service. Hence the facility should be equipped with:
• Fire hydrant and monitor nozzle installation
• Water supply
• Foam system
• Water fog and sprinkler system of Mobile Firefighting equipment or First
aid appliances

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• Proper dyke area should be provided for the storage of chemicals. In the
event of a fire, the fire in the dyke area should be addressed first so as to
minimize the heat input to the tank
• A wind direction pointer should also be installed at storage site, so that in
an emergency the wind direction can be directly seen and downwind
population cautioned.
• Shut off and isolation valves should be easily approachable in
emergencies
• Hydrocarbon detectors to be installed at strategic locations near the units
and pipelines handling hydrocarbons at higher temperatures and
pressures to assess any leak
• Storage areas must be adequately separate from buildings process areas
and other dangerous substances
• These measures should be backed up by relief systems such that the
combination of vessel design, protection, quality control and relief
eliminates the possibility of complete vessel failure

Action Plan for Fire Fighting

General:
As soon as fire is noticed, shout “FIRE” “FIRE” “FIRE” or “AAG” “AAG” “AAG”.
Try to eliminate the fire by using proper portable fire extinguishers.

Installation Manager:
He should ensure regularly the working status of fire equipments / its
maintenance through fire section and see that they are kept in their respective
places as per the need. As soon as, the fire accident is reported, rush to site and
take charge of the situation. Inform Mines Manger besides Area Manager as well
Fire Manager.

Shift In-charge:
If situation demands sound “Hooter”; call on the nearest Fire Services and
Hospital attending doctor. Inform Installation Manager / Field Manager / Surface

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Area Manager. Give instructions to the assembled staff and get the best out of
them.
Drilling Officials:
Remove other inflammable materials to the safer distance. Remove important
documents to a safer place. The first aid trained persons should be ready to give
first aid to the injured persons and move them to the hospital if required. Get well
acquainted with the location of the wells.

Electrical Officials:
No naked flame should be allowed. Generator should be stopped. Electrical lines
are required to be de-energized. See that uninterrupted supply of water from tube
well to the fire services.

Mechanical Officials:
Get the instruction from the Shift In-charge to act accordingly to stop the
equipments and ready to carry out repair jobs if required like pump problems of
fire services etc. Help production officials in removing inflammable materials.

Transport Officials:
Get vehicles parked at a safer distance. See that approach road is clear for fire
services vehicle to the approach the accident site.

Security at Gate:
To prevent unauthorized entry of persons / vehicles inside the area of
responsibility and also to ensure no abnormal activity by unauthorized persons is
allowed.

Fire Officials:
On arrival they fight fire with the assistance of site staff in extinguishing the fire. If
the situation still proves to be beyond control, then the help from the nearest
agencies could be taken.

Fire Control Room:

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A fire control room will be set up for smooth functioning of fire fighting/ rescue
operations at the site of incident. Manager (F.S)/ one fire officer or senior most
person of fire section will be I/C of that control room. Mean while one Fire officer
will take charge of Control Room of Central Fire Station to assist/ back support
for required fire equipments / man power. Incharge control room of Central fire
Station will be responsible for arranging of man power and equipments if required
at site.

Area Manager: (In Case of Major Fire)

• Pre-identified source of additional water to be used for uninterrupted
supply of water.
• If situation demands, pits be dug to store sufficient water, pipeline be laid
to carry water from the sources to water pits.
• Maintenance party to remain to attend any problem. Besides special
maintenance team is immediately sought from the workshop.
• Arrangements to provide flameproof lights at a safer distance.
• Arrangements to provide mud and chemicals necessary to control
situation.
• Arrangements for food, water, temporary rest rooms or tents for the
officials on the round the clock duty at site.
• To keep ready fleet of jeeps, tractors, crane to meet demand.

9.4.3.3 Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S) and Natural Gas Leakage

Hydrogen sulfide is a colourless, flammable, extremely hazardous gas with
“Rotten egg” smell.

9.4.3.3.1 Effect of Hydrogen Sulfide gas to Health:

Low concentrations irritate the eyes, nose, throat and respiratory system e.g.
burning / tearing of eyes, cough, and shortness of breath. Repeated or prolonged
exposures may cause eye inflammation, headache, fatigue, irritability, insomnia,
digestive disturbances and weight loss.

Measures
• Do not panic

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• Check the wind direction and evacuate all personnel to safe breathing
area.
• Put on 30 Min. breathing apparatus set
• Come back to that site in two (use buddy system), with portable H 2S
detector and monitor the H2S level in the atmosphere.
• Stop the source of leakage (i.e. close the well)
• Remove victim, if any to fresh air, if breathing, maintain victim at rest &
administer oxygen, if available, if person is not breathing, start artificial
respiration immediately or start mechanical/ automatic resuscitator. Call
ambulance and sent victim to hospital or doctor.
• Avoid & extinguish all naked flames
• Pull out all inflammable material i.e. HSD, Gas Cylinders, Chemicals etc.
from the premises of well / installation. .
• Warn nearby ONGC installation/ testing sites.
• Pull out all possible equipment to safe distances.
• Call for fire tender and start spraying water on the sources of leakage to
dissolve H2S in water.
• Evacuate personnel in 500 mts area from down wind direction.
• Warn nearby inhabitants, if required.
• Keep in touch with control room for all instruction.
• Cordon off the area & do not allow entry of any unauthorised person.

9.4.3.3.2 Effect of Natural gas on Human Health:

A colorless, odorless, flammable gas, mainly methane and may cause flash fire.
 Electrostatic charge may be generated by flow, agitation etc.
 No occupational exposure limits established.
 Provide local exhaust ventilation system. Ventilation equipment should be
explosion-resistant if explosive concentrations of material are present.

Eye Protection: Eye protection not required, but recommended.

Clothing: Protective clothing is not required.
Gloves: Wear appropriate chemical resistant gloves.

Asset HSE, ONGC, Rajahmundry Page 156

E I A/EMP for Development Drilling of 40 wells in KG Basin, A.P.

Respirator: Under conditions of frequent use or heavy exposure, respiratory

protection may be needed. Respiratory protection is ranked in order from
minimum to maximum. Consider warning properties before use.

9.5 Contingency Plan for Oil Spill

Oil spills occur despite prevention efforts. Oil spills happen on land and in water,
during monsoon, testing, pipeline leakage etc. They vary in size, from just a few
hundred liters to the thousand of liters. Preparing a timely and co-ordinated
response to such an emergency of undefined magnitude that can happen
anywhere, at any time, and in any kind of weather is an enormous challenge that
requires significant planning and training.

9.5.1 Action
When the information of disaster has been flown to all the designated
components of the system, every part has to function and coordinated goal shall
be achieved according to the prescribed duties and responsibilities.

I. Immediate step: As soon as the concerned personnel receive the alarm, all
shall work simultaneously for the following steps to be taken to carry out the
operation.

II. First Information Report (FIR): Control room of surface team shall be treated
as nodal point for converging / diverging the information in / from all the
components of the system.

III. Pumping: Concerned Installation Manager shall take immediate steps for
shut down or stopping of pumping / compressor unit and the affected pipeline
sector shall be isolated. He shall inform HES, SM, ASM, and LM (W), I /C
Security and I /C Fire.

IV. Search: Area Manager / Installation Manager shall organize for sending a
search party of the skilled personnel to the site and the team shall coordinate
with installation in-charge and communicate the data / information regarding
location of accident/ disaster and magnitude of the same.

Asset HSE, ONGC, Rajahmundry Page 157

E I A/EMP for Development Drilling of 40 wells in KG Basin, A.P.

V. Administration: Administration coordinator has to arrange for mobilization of

fire brigade, safety and security team and medical team if required (as in case of
red disaster). In case of red disaster, he has to take steps for evacuation and
rescue operations.

VI. Firefighting: In-Charge Fire and Security section shall have to immediately
assess the situation and mobilize fire fighting equipments from in-house
resources and outside agencies if needed. The incident site should be cordoned
off by the security to avoid any untoward incident.

VII. Repair operation: LM (W) shall coordinate and I/C maintenance in C & M
division shall organize and supervise operation for repairing and restoring the
normal operational conditions. The line should be buried in presence of security
personnel.

Control Room
E & T control room of Asset will be the nodal point of converging / diverging the
information. Duty officer shall coordinate the information flow between site and
management team.

9.5.2 Preventing Oil Spills

• To have sufficient storage facilities to prevent the discharge of all kind of
oil into the water.
• To have adequate facilities for inspection of pipeline, pressure vessel,
storage tank etc. to avoid leakage, sabotage.
• To have adequate facilities for testing of well.

9.5.3 Mitigation Measure

The following are the mitigation measures for oil spill:
a) Monitoring of pipe line, oil storage tank etc.
b) Using mechanical and chemical method, fresh oil will be lifted in tanker
and sent to nearby GGS. Contaminated oil (if mixed with water) will be

Asset HSE, ONGC, Rajahmundry Page 158

E I A/EMP for Development Drilling of 40 wells in KG Basin, A.P.

collected in the tanker and will be sent to nearby effluent treatment plant
and oil is separated from water by using skimmers and chemical.
c) Biological methods will be used for cleaning up contaminated soil.

Asset HSE, ONGC, Rajahmundry Page 159

E I A/EMP for Development Drilling of 40 wells in KG Basin, A.P.

Oil Spill From Pipe Line Leakage

Detailed Activities

Installation Manager

SITE
Area Manager

Asset Manager
Asset Control
Room

GM-Support HES Co-ordinator

Manager

Civil External Agency I/C Corporate Head HSE

Authority GAIL Dowleswaram Communication
Workshop

Step I Site to Head Engineering Service (HES)

Asset HSE, ONGC, Rajahmundry Page 160

E I A/EMP for Development Drilling of 40 wells in KG Basin, A.P.

Other HES
Agencies

GAIL
Individual
Concerned with
Field

Asset
Authorities
Co-ordinator

LM (W)
Resources

I/C I/C I/C I/C I/C

Technical
Cell (C&M) Logistic Pipe Line Store Security
Maintenance

Step II Location Manager (Works) to Co-ordinate

Individual concerned External Resources

with field & Agencies

Co-ordinator

I/C Search Party Repair Party I/C

Logistic Stores/ SK

Step III Co-ordination at Maintenance Level

Asset HSE, ONGC, Rajahmundry Page 161

E I A/EMP for Development Drilling of 40 wells in KG Basin, A.P.

Area Manager/
Installation Co- I/C Logistic
ordinator

In-charge
Security

Drawing / Map
Section

Concerned Installation
In-Charge/ Area
Manager

Site

Step IV Search Team

In-charge
Search Party Pipe line Co- I/C Logistic
ordinator

I/C Security

Dowleshwaram
Work Shop if Individual Team
Staff/ Worker/ Member
required
Agencies
Site Co-
ordinator

Site

Step V Repair Team

Asset HSE, ONGC, Rajahmundry Page 162

E I A/EMP for Development Drilling of 40 wells in KG Basin, A.P.

Control
Search
Room
Party
Monitor

Repair Party
Monitor

I/C Pipe Line

Maintenance

LM (Works)

HES

SM

Asset Manager

Step VI Communication

Co-ordinator

GM (Support Service)

Local Police Security Gram

Panchayat
Authorities

Site Medical
Team

Control Room

Step VII Evacuation Procedure

Asset HSE, ONGC, Rajahmundry Page 163

ANNEXURE – A
Point Wise compliance of TORs for Development Drilling of 40 wells in KG
Basin in East Godavari, West Godavari and Krishna districts of A.P.
(MoEF letter F. NO. J-11011/31/2012-IA II (I) dated 17.07.2012)
1 Executive summary of project Provided (Page No. 1-7)
Project description, project objectives and project Provided (Page No. 1 and 8-11)
2
benefits
Site details within 1 km of the each proposed Site details provided in page no. 12-
well, any habitation, any other installation/activity 16 and page no. 45-46. The bio
3 flora and fauna, approachability to site, other diversity profile from secondary
activities including agriculture/land, satellite sources has been incorporated in
imagery for 10 km area. page 76-92
Details of forest land involved in the proposed Not applicable
4 project. A copy of forest clearance letter,
applicable.
Permission from the State Forest Department Not applicable
regarding the impact of the proposed plant on the
surrounding National Park/Wild life
5 Sanctuary/Reserve Forest/Eco sensitive area, if
any. Approval obtained from the State/Central
Government under Forest (Conservation Act,
1980) for the forest land should be submitted.
Distance from nearby critically/severely polluted Not applicable
6 area as per Notification dated 13th January, 2010
if applicable.
Does proposal involves rehabilitation and NO
7
resettlement? If yes, details thereof.
Details of project cost. The total cost implications for the
proposed activities are Rs 440 Cr for
Development Drilling of 40 Wells in
8
West Godavari and Godavari Onland
PML Block KG Basin, A.P.

Details of all the facilities including CGS, GGS, Given in Table 1 on Page no. 3
9 OCS, produced water treatment etc. to be
installed, if existing facilities, give details.
Environmental considerations in the selection of Provided on Page No.93-120.
the drilling locations for which environmental Development drilling activity has very
clearance is being sought. Present any analysis low pollution potential. The EIA report
10
suggested for minimizing the foot print giving outlines the EMP for the minor
details of drilling and development option impacts envisaged
considered.
Baseline data collection for air, water and soil for Primary data on air quality, water and
one season leaving the monsoon season in at soil in the three districts around
11 area of 10km radius with centre of Oil Field as its proposed development drilling
centre covering the area of all proposed drilling locations have been collected.
wells.
i Topography of the project site. Give on Pg. No. 2
ii Ambient Air quality monitoring at 8 locations for Ambient Air quality data given in
 PM10, SO2, NOx, VOCs, Methane and non- Table 13-17 on Pg. No. 47-52
methane HC.
Soil sample analysis (physical and chemical Soil Quality data given in Table 28-32
iii
properties) at the areas located at 5 locations. on Pg. No. 71-76
Ground and surface water quality in the vicinity of Ground and surface water quality
iv the proposed wells site. data given in Table 23-27 on Page
No. 63-71
Climatology and Meteorology including wind Meteorological Data given in Table
v speed, wind direction, temperature rainfall relative 18-20, Fig. 7-12 on Page No.52-61
humidity etc.
Measurement of Noise levels with 1 km radius of Noise level Monitoring data given in
vi
the proposed wells. Table 21-22 at Page No. 62-63
vii Vegetation and land use: Animal resources. Given on Page No. 76-92
12 Incremental GLC as a result of DG set operation. Given on Page No. 96
Potential Environmental impact envisages during The EIA report outlines the EMP for
various stages of project activities such as site potential environmental impacts
13
activation, development, operation / maintenance during different stages of drilling
and decommissioning. activity on Page No. 121-134
Actual source of water and „Permission‟ for the Water is supplied by contractor
drawl of water from the Competent Authority. through tankers for which contractor
14
Detailed water balance, waste water generation obtains necessary permission.
and discharge.
Noise abatement measures and measures to As Noise levels are within acceptable
minimize disturbance due to light and visual limits, no mitigation measures are
15
intrusions in case coastally located. necessary. The proposed locations
are not coastally located.
Treatment and disposal of waste water. The procedure is outlined in Page
16
No.124-126 and No. 128-130
Treatment and disposal of solid waste generation The procedure is outlined in Page
17
No. 128-130
Disposal of spent oil and loose materials. The procedure is outlined in Table-
18
48 on Page No. 132
Storage of chemicals and diesel at site. Chemicals and diesel are stored as
19
per procedures
20 Commitment for the use of WBM only. Only WBM will be used
Mud make up and mud and cutting disposal-All Mud along with cuttings are stored in
options considered should be listed with selective the lined waste pit as approved by
21
option. APPCB after completion of drilling
activities.
Hazardous material usage, storage accounting All materials stored as per approved
22
and disposal. procedures
Disposal of packaging waste from site. Drums, plastic containers, bags etc.
are sent to Narasapur yard for further
23
disposal through authorized
agencies.
Oil spill control and emergency plans in respect of Given at Page No. 157-163
24
recovery / reclamation.
25 H2S and fugitive emissions control. No H2S is present KG development
 wells
Produced oil handling and storage. Oil produced during testing is
26
transported to GGS by tanker.
Details of scheme for oil collection system along Given on Page No. 26
27
with process flow diagram and its capacity.
Details of control of air, water and noise pollution Given on Page No. 123-125
28
in oil collection system.
Disposal of produced/formation water Produced water is injected sub
29
surface.
Whether any burn pits being utilized for well test No such pits are constructed. No
30
operations. onsite incineration attempted.
Restoration and decommissioning plans which All drill sites after completion will be
should include mud pits and wastage restoration restored as per Reclamation plan as
31
also and documentation and monitoring of site given on Page No. 131-132
recovery.
Measures to protect ground water and shallow All wells are cased and cemented. All
32
aquifers from contamination. waste pits have impermeable lining.
Risk assessment and disaster management plan Risk assessment and Disaster
33 for independent reviews of well-designed Management Plan are given on Page
construction etc. for prevention of blow out. No. 135-163
Environmental management plan and EMP is given on Page No. 121-
34 environmental audit to be conducted. 134.Environmental audit shall be
conducted during drilling operations.
Documentary proof of membership of common NO
35
disposal facilities, if any.
Details of environmental and safety related All drilling rigs are certified for ISO-
documentation within the company including 14001, OHSAS-18001 and ISO-
documentation and proposed occupational health 9001.Documentation on Quality,
and safety. Surveillance safety programme for all Occupational health, Safety and
36 personnel at site. This should also include Environment Management are duly
monitoring programme for the environmental. addressed in the ISO certified QHSE
Management systems for ensuring
proper monitoring and continued
improvement.
Total capital and recurring cost for environmental Rs 13.5 lakhs per well.
37
control measures.
A copy of Corporate Environment policy of the Given as Annexure- B
ONGC as per the Ministry‟s O.M. No. J-
38
11013/41/2006/1A.II (I) dated 26th April, 2011
available on the Ministry‟s website.
Any litigation pending against the project and or No litigations are pending against the
39 any direction/order passed by any court of law proposed project .
against the project. If so details thereof.
A tabular chart with index for point-wise Given as Annexure- A
40 compliance of above TORs.

The following general points should be noted.

i All documents should be properly indexed, page Noted
 numbered.
Period/date of data collection should be clearly Noted
ii
indicated.
Authenticated English translation of all material Executive Summary of The
provided in Regional languages. Environment Impact Assessment
Report in English and local language
iii
(Telugu) submitted to RO, APPCB of
all three districts for conducting
Public Hearing.
The letter/application for EC should quote the Given as Annexure-C
iv
MoEF file No. and also attach a copy of the letter.
A copy of the letter received from the Ministry Given as Annexure-D
v should be also attached as an annexure to the
final EIA-EMP Report.
The final EIA-EMP report submitted to the Complied
Ministry must incorporate the issues in this letter.
The index of the final EIA-EMP report must
vi
indicate the specific chapter and page no. of the
EIA-EMP Report where the above issues have
been incorporated.
While preparing the EIA report, the instructions Complied
for the proponents and instructions for the
consultants issued by MoEF vide O.M.NO.J-
vii
11013/41/2006-1A.II (I) dated 4th August, 2009,
which are available on the website of this Ministry
should also be followed.
Certificate of Accreditation issued by the QCI to Noted but NA
viii
the environmental consultant should be included.
ANNEXURE – B
ANNEXURE - C
 APPENDIX- I
(See paragraph – 6)
FORM – I
(1) BASIC INFORMATION:-

Sl. ITEM DETAILS

1 NAME OF THE PROJECT(S) Exploration of Oil and gas
(40 Development wells) East Godavari,
West Godavari and Krishna Dts of A.P.
2 SL. NO, IN SCHEDULE 1 (B)
3 PROPOSED CAPACITY/ Block Area :- PEL-1A 1518.50sq km,
AREA/LENGTH/TONNAGE TO BE ML Blocks(4) 101.60sq km
HANDLED/ COMMAND No. of Well (s) :- 5
AREA/LEASE AREA/NUMBER OF PEL-1B 2108.00 sq km
WELL TO BE DRILLED ML Blocks(4) 184.00sq km
No of Wells:- 35
Total 40 wells in Block PEL-1A and 1B

4 NEW /EXPANSION/ MODERNISATIONThe Wells are Development Wells

5 EXISTING CAPACITY/ AREA --
6 CATEGORY OF PROJECT i.e. “A” “A”
OR “B”
7 DOES IT ATTRACT THE GENERAL General Conditions.
CONDITIONS? IF YES, PLEASE
SPECIFY
8 DOES IT ATTRACT THE SPECIFIC Not Applicable.
CONDITIONS? IF YES, PLEASE
SPECIFY
9 LOCATION As Per Tables 1,2 and 3

PLOT/SURVEY/KHASRANO. Onland drilling locations

VILLAGE Lingala, kaikalur,Nandigama of Krishna
Dt and Mandapeta, Kesavdas palem,
Kammapalem,Kesanapalli(West),
Vygreswaram in East Godavari Dt and
Penugonda of in West Godavari Dt of
A.P.
TEHSIL ---
DISTRICT Krishna ,East and West Godavari Dts
Of A.P.
STATE Andhra Pradesh
10 NEAREST RAILWAY STATION/ ---
AIRPORT ALONGWITH DISTANCE
IN KMS.
11 NEAREST TOWN, CITY, DISTRICT ---
HEADQUARTERS ALONGWITH
 DISTANCE IN KMS.
12 VILLAGE PANCHAYAT, ZILA
PARISHAD, MUNICIPAL
CORPORATION LOCAL BODY
(COMPLETE POSTAL ADDRESS
WITH TELEPHONE NOS. TO BE
GIVEN)
13 NAME OF THE APPLICANT ED-Asset Manager,ONGC Ltd,
Rajahmundry
14 REGISTERED ADDRESS 124- JEEVAN BHARTI TOWER –II,
INDIRA CHOWK, CANNAUGHT PLACE,
NEW DELHI
15 ADDRESS FOR ED- Asset Manager, ONGC Ltd., Godavari
CORRESPONDENCE: Bhavan, Base Complex, Rajahmundry Pin 533
106 (AP) Ph 0883- 2424348
Fax No : 0883-2434386

NAME A A Khan
DESIGNATION(OWNER/PARTNER ED-Asset Manager
/CEO)
ADDRESS ED- Asset Manager, ONGC Ltd., Godavari
Bhavan, Base Complex, Rajahmundry Pin 533
106 (AP) Ph 0883- 2424348
Fax No : 0883-2434386

PIN CODE 533 106

E- MAIL
TELEPHONE NO. Ph 0883- 2424348
FAX NO. Fax No : 0883-2434386
16 DETAILS OF ALTERNATIVE SITES NOT APPLICABLE
EXAMINED, IF ANTY. LOCATION
OF THESE SITES SHOULD BE
SHOWN ON A TOPOSHEET
17 INTERLINKED PROJECTS NIL
18 WHETHER SEPARATE NOT APPLICABLE
APPLICATION OF INTERLINKED
PROJECT HAS BEEN SUBMITTED
19 IF YES, DATE OF SUBMISSION NIL
20 IF NO, REASON NOT APPLICABLE
21 WHETHER THE PROPOSAL NOT APPLICABLE
INVLOVES APPROVAL/
CLEARANCE/UNDER: IF YES,
DETAILS OF THE SAME AND
THEIR STATUS IS TO BE GIVEN:
(A) THE FOREST (CONSERVATION)
ACT, 1980 ?
(B) THE WILD LIFE (PROTECTION)
 ACT, 1972?
(C) THE CRZ NOTIFICATION, 1991?
22 WHETHER THERE IS ANY
GOVERNMENT ORDER/ POLICY
RELEVENT/ RELATING TO THE
SITE?
23 FOREST LAND INVLOVED (HECTARES) NIL
WHETHER THERE IS ANY NOT APPLICABLE
LITIGATION PENDING AGAINST In proposed project no litigation or
THE PROJECT AND/ OR LAND IN court case of any nature is pending in
WHICH THE PROJECT IS any court of law in India.
PROPOSED TO BE SET UP?
(A) NAME OF THE COURT.
(B) CASE NO.
(C) ORDERS/ DIRESTION OF THE
COURT, IF ANY AND ITS
RELEVENCE WITH THE
PROPOSED PROJECT.

* Capacity corresponding to sectoral activity (such as production capacity for

manufacturing, mining, release area and production capacity for mineral production,
area for miners exploration, length for linear transport infrastructure, generation
capacity for power generation etc.)

(II) Activity

1. Construction, operation or decommissioning of the Project involving actions, which will

cause physical changes in the locality (topography, land use, changes in water bodies, etc.)

Details thereof (with approximate quantities

/rates, wherever possible) with source of
S.No. Information/Checklist Yes/No information data
confirmation
1.1 Permanent or temporary change in Yes Temporary change in land use
land use, land cover or topography
including increase in intensity of
land use (with respect to local land
use plan)
1.2 Clearance of existing land, vegetation Yes Site leveling ,Hardening and fencing
and buildings?
1.3 Creation of new land uses? Yes For drilling purpose
1.4 Pre-construction investigations e.g. Yes Normally soil testing is not essential for
bore houses, soil testing? shallow/temporary foundation for deployment
of rig
1.5 Construction works? Yes Foundation for drilling rig deployment, surface
 hardening and chemical shed
1.6 Demolition works? No
1.7 Temporary sites used for construction No
works or housing of construction
workers?
1.8 Above ground buildings, structures or Yes Temporary sheds of working staffs doing shift
earthworks including linear duties
structures, cut and fill or
excavations
1.9 Underground works including mining Yes Oil well drilling
or tunneling?
1.10 Reclamation works? Yes Site reclamation charges are being paid to the
land owners
1.11 Dredging? No -----
1.12 Offshore structures? No -----
1.13 Production and manufacturing No
processes?

1.14 Facilities for storage of goods or Yes Mechanical and drilling spares drilling chemicals in
materials? temporary sheds.

1.15 Facilities for treatment or disposal of Yes Solid waste/drilled cuttings will be confined within
solid waste or liquid effluents? 1500 cu. mtrs. Waste pit.
1.16 Facilities for long term housing of Yes Drilling DSA – Temporary\
operational workers? Crew are operating in 14 days ON/OFF Pattern
from their respective home towns
1.17 New road, rail or sea traffic during Yes New roads as per operational requirements
construction or operation?
1.18 New road, rail, air waterborne or Yes New roads in the vicinity of Drill sites
other transport infrastructure wherever required.
including new or altered routes and
stations, ports, airports etc?
1.19 Closure or diversion of existing No --------
transport routes or infrastructure
leading to changes in traffic
movements?
1.20 New or diverted transmission lines or No
pipelines?
1.21 Impoundment, damming, culverting, No --------
realignment or other changes to the
hydrology of watercourses or
aquifers?
1.22 Stream crossings? No --------
1.23 Abstraction or transfers of water from Yes Surface/Ground water may be utilized for
ground or surface waters? operational purpose
1.24 Changes in water bodies or the land No --------
surface affecting drainage or run-off?
1.25 Transport of personnel or materials Yes Operating personnel transported from temporary
 for construction, operation or accommodation to work sites
decommissioning?
1.26 Long-term dismantling or No --------
decommissioning or restoration
works?
1.27 Ongoing activity during No --------
decommissioning which could have an
impact on the environment?
1.28 Influx of people to an area in either No --------
temporarily or permanently?
1.29 Introduction of alien species? No --------
1.30 Loss of native species or genetic No --------
diversity?
1.31 Any other actions? NIL --------

2. Use of Natural resources for construction or operation of the Project (such as land, water,
materials or energy, especially any resources which are non-renewable or in short supply):

Details thereof (with approximate

quantities /rates, wherever possible)
S.No. Information/checklist confirmation Yes/No with source of information data
2.1 Land especially undeveloped or Yes 4 acres per site
agricultural land (ha)
2.2 Water (expected source & competing Yes 30 cu. Mtrs /Day per well
users) unit: KLD
2.3 Minerals (MT) NIL --------
2.4 Construction material – stone, Yes Sand/stone/cement
aggregates, sand / soil (expected source
– MT)
2.5 Forests and timber (source – MT) No --------
2.6 Energy including electricity and fuels Yes Electricity and 3000 L /Day per well Diesel
(source, competing users) Unit: fuel (MT), for running captive gen. sets)
energy (MW)
2.7 Any other natural resources (use No --------
appropriate standard units)

3. Use, storage, transport, handling or production of substances or materials, which could be

harmful to human health or the environment or raise concerns about actual or perceived risks to
human health.
 Details thereof (with
approximate
S.No. Information/Checklist confirmation Yes/No quantities/rates, wherever
possible) with source of
information data
3.1 Use of substances or materials, which are hazardous No --------
(as per MSIHC rules) to human health or the
environment (flora, fauna, and water supplies)
3.2 Changes in occurrence of disease or affect disease No --------
vectors (e.g. insect or water borne diseases)
3.3 Affect the welfare of people e.g. by changing No --------
living conditions?
3.4 Vulnerable groups of people who could be affected by No --------
the project e.g. hospital patients, children, the elderly
etc.,
3.5 Any other causes NIL --------

4. Production of solid wastes during construction or operation or decommissioning (MT/month)

Details thereof (with
approximate
S.No. Information/Checklist confirmation Yes/No quantities/rates, wherever
possible) with source of
information data
4.1 Spoil, overburden or mine wastes Yes Drill cutting generated
about 225 cu. Mtrs per well
4.2 Municipal waste (domestic and or commercial No --------
wastes)
4.3 Hazardous wastes (as per Hazardous Waste Yes 1.Burnt oil
Management Rules) 2.Lead Acid Batteries
3.Oil Filters
4.4 Other industrial process wastes No

4.5 Surplus product NIL

4.6 Sewage sludge or other sludge from effluent No
treatment

4.7 Construction or demolition wastes Yes Drill cuttings shall be used for
in surface hardening within
drill site area
4.8 Redundant machinery or equipment NIL --------
4.9 Contaminated soils or other materials NIL --------
4.10 Agricultural wastes NIL --------
4.11 Other solid wastes NIL --------
 5. Release of pollutants or any hazardous, toxic or noxious substances to air (Kg/hr)

Details thereof (with

approximate
S.No. Information/Checklist confirmation Yes/No quantities/rates, wherever
possible) with source of
information data
5.1 Emissions from combustion of fossil fuels from Yes Emissions from captive
stationary or mobile sources gen. sets(4 X 750 K Watts)
5.2 Emissions from production processes NIL --------
5.3 Emissions from materials handling including NIL --------
storage or transport
5.4 Emissions from construction activities including NIL --------
plant and equipment
5.5 Dust or odours from handling of materials including NIL --------
construction materials, sewage and waste
5.6 Emissions from incineration of waste NIL --------
5.7 Emissions from burning of waste in open air (e.g. NIL --------
slash materials, construction debris)
5.8 Emissions from any other source Nil

6. Generation of Noise and Vibration, and Emissions of Light and Heat:

Details thereof (with

approximate
quantities/rates, wherever
S.No. Information/Checklist confirmation Yes/No possible) with source of
information data
6.1 From operation of equipment e.g. engines, Yes Noise levels within
ventilation plant, crushers permissible limits(PPE will
be provided)
6.2 From industrial or similar processes NIL --------
6.3 From construction or demolition NIL --------
6.4 From blasting or piling NIL --------
6.5 From construction or operational traffic NIL --------
6.6 From lighting or cooling systems NIL --------
6.7 From any other sources NIL --------
 7. Risks of contamination of land or water from releases of pollutants into the ground or
into sewers, surface waters, groundwater, coastal waters or the sea:

Details thereof (with

approximate
S.No. Information/Checklist confirmation Yes/No quantities/rates, wherever
possible) with source of
information data
7.1 From handling, storage, use or spillage of No As per EIA Report
hazardous materials
7.2 From discharge of sewage or other effluents to water No
or the land (expected mode and place of discharge)
7.3 By deposition of pollutants emitted to air into the No --------
land or into water
7.4 From any other sources No --------
7.5 Is there a risk of long term build up of pollutants No --------
in the environment from these sources?

8. Risk of accidents during construction or operation of the Project, which could affect
human health or the environment

S.No. Information/Checklist confirmation Yes/No Details thereof (with approx.

quantities/rates, wherever
possible) with source of
information data
8.1 From explosions, spillages, fires etc from storage, No
handling, use or production of hazardous substances
8.2 From any other causes Yes Blow Outs
8.3 Could the project be affected by natural disasters causing No --------
environmental damage (e.g. floods, earthquakes, landslides,
cloudburst etc)?

9. Factors which should be considered (such as consequential development) which could lead
to environ. effects or the potential for cumulative impacts with other existing or planned
activities in the locality

Details thereof (with

approximate
S. No. Information/Checklist confirmation Yes/No quantities/rates, wherever
possible) with source of
information data
9.1 Lead to development of supporting. Yes Socio economic
facilities, ancillary development or development development of the area.
stimulated by the project which could have impact Direct and indirect
 on the environment e.g.: employment is enhanced

• Supporting infrastructure (roads, power supply,

waste or waste water treatment, etc.)
• housing development
• extractive industries
• supply industries
• other
9.2 Lead to after-use of the site, which could have an No --------
impact on the environment
9.3 Set a precedent for later developments Yes Development and production
of oil and gas facilities
9.4 Have cumulative effects due to proximity to other NIL --------
existing or planned projects with similar effects

(I) Environmental Sensitivity

S.No. Areas Name/ Aerial distance (within 15

Identity km.)Proposed project
location boundary
1 Areas protected under international conventions, No --------
national or local legislation for their ecological,
landscape, cultural or other related value
2 Areas which are important or sensitive for ecological No
reasons - Wetlands, watercourses or other water
bodies, coastal zone, biospheres, mountains, forests

3 Areas used by protected, important or sensitive No --------

species of flora or fauna for breeding, nesting,
foraging, resting, over wintering, migration
4 Inland, coastal, marine or underground waters No --------
5 State, National boundaries No --------
 Pre-feasibility Report for Development Drilling Of 40 Wells
In ML of PEL Block-1A & B, KG on land During 2012-17

Introduction:

India's demand for petroleum products is growing at a rapid rate, having virtually doubled from
30 MMT in 1980-81 to almost 70 MMT in 1995-96. Current estimates indicate that it would
reach a level of about 200 MMT by 2012-13. With a view to meeting this growing demand, the
new hydrocarbon policy aims at encouraging investment in oil exploration and production.

India is heavily dependent on Imports to meet the rapidly growing demand for
petroleum products. Current demand and supply projections indicate that the level of self-
sufficiency is likely to decline to about 30% over the next few years. Substantial efforts are
therefore, necessary to boost indigenous oil and gas production, to minimise imports and
improve the balance of payment in the years to come. India‟s oil and gas demand is growing.
But the oil and gas production is significantly low compared to consumption volume. This
demand and production gap is fulfilled through import. Uncertainty of international oil prices
contributes to threaten energy security of India. In the recent past, crude oil prices have
crossed significantly all projections, estimates, and forecasts in spite of absence of any major
international geopolitical disturbance. Way the international prices have been increasing; it is a
real burden to oil importing countries.

Rajahmundry Asset is entrusted with the optimal exploitation of 41 on land fields

consisting of around 144 exploitable reservoirs.

During the period 2012-17 (40) development locations are planned to be taken up for
drilling to augment production from the existing oil and gas pools of the established fields, For
which PEL/ML are obtained (details enclosed IN Tables 1 and 2)
Project Description

1.1 Description of Area

Project Region Block Title Block Area Remarks

(Sq. Km.)
Onshore area in PEL Block 1A 1518.50 sq. The map of the block is given in
West Godavari & km Figure 1 and the coordinates of the
Krishna districts of block are given in Table 1.
Andhra Pradesh ML Blocks
(4 Blocks) 101.60 sq. km
PEL Block 1B The map of the block is given in
Onshore area in 2108.00sq km Figure 2 and the coordinates of the
East & West
block are depicted in Table 2.
Godavari districts
ML Blocks
of Andhra Pradesh 184.00 sq km
(4 Blocks)

1.2 Proposed Project

The new development locations are firmed up for drilling to enhance oil and gas production
from new reservoirs and increase recovery factor from the existing established oil and gas
fields. During the period 2012-17 (40) development locations are planned to be taken up for
drilling which falls in the ML areas of PEL block 1A & B in KG Basin On land . A list of the
development locations is enclosed as Table 3

1.3 Project Justification

It is expected that the proposed development drilling activities lead to augment the production
of hydrocarbons, in the present scenario of growing demand of oil and gas in the country.

1.4 Drilling Operations

ONGC owned electrical type rigs are proposed to be deployed for undertaking drilling in the
block. The technical details of the proposed drilling activity are given below:

Well location / Depth

No. of wells to be drilled 24
Duration of Drilling 2-3 months for each well
Qty. of drilling fluid. About 700 M3 for each well
Qty. of cuttings, cu.m. 225M3 for each well
Qty. of drlg. Waste water, cu.m. 1000 M3 for each well
Location Details Given in Table 2
Distance of Block boundry from the coast On land Locations
line
Formation pressure Hydrostatic
 Test flaring, duration 2 to 3 days
Flare Details: Confined to the oil pit

1.4.1 Details of the drilling rig proposed to be deployed

Type of rig Electrical Rig

Drilling mud composition Water based Drilling Fluid
Power generator type & nos. AC – SCR Type. (06 Nos.)
Diesel consumption @ 3- 4 M3 / Day per day per well
Qty. of fresh water requirement & source 1000 M3. Transported from nearby source through
contractor
Manpower on rig 25 per shift of 12 Hrs. Two shifts / day
Material requirement & Mobilization From ONGC base in Rajahmundry / Narasapur
Details of solids handling system on rig Shale Shakers - 1200 GPM Capacity
Desander – 1200 GPM Capacity
Desilter – 1200 GPM Capacity
Details of Sewage treatment facility, if any Not applicable
Waste Pit availability & Size 30’ x 33’ x 5’ - 2 Nos.
38’ x 33’ x 5’ – 1 No.
23’ x 20’ x 5’ – 1 No.
Oil Pit availability & Size 3’ x 3’ x 4’ – 1 No.

The quantity of drill cuttings generated will be around 225 m 3. The quantity of wastewater
produced will be about 15-20 m3/day. The rig will be provided with solids handling system
comprising Shale shakers (1200 GPM), Desander (1200 GPM) and Desilter (1200 GPM) and
Degasser with vacuum pump.

Drilling operations will be carried out using an electrical type drilling rig. Drilling unit for drilling
of oil and gas wells consists of a derrick at the top of which is mounted a crown block and a
hoisting block with a hook. From the swivel is suspended a Kelly stem passes through a
square or hexagonal Kelly bush which fits into the rotary table. The rotary table receives the
power to drive it from an electric motor. The electric motor rotates the rotary table which
passes through the Kelly bush and the rotations are transmitted to the bit as the drilling
progresses, the drill pipe in singles are added to continue the drilling process. At the end of the
bit life, the drill pipes are pulled out in stands and stacked on the derrick platform. A stand
normally has 3 single drill pipes. After changing the bit, the drill string is run back into the hole
and further drilling is continued. This process continues till the target depth is reached.

During the course of drilling, cuttings are generated due to crushing action of the bit. These
cuttings are removed by flushing the well with duplex/triplex mud pumps. The mud from the
pump discharge through the rotary hose connected to stationary part of the swivel, the drill
string and bit nozzles. The mud coming out of the bit nozzles pushes the cuttings up the hole
and transports them to the surface through the annular space between the drill string and the
hole. The mud not only carries away crushed rock from the bottom of the hole but it also cools
the bit as it gets heated due to friction with formation while rotating. The mud also helps in
balancing subsurface formation pressures and by forming a cake on the walls of the well
diminishes the possibility of crumbling or caving of the well bore.

At the surface, the mud coming out from well along with the cuttings falls in a trough, passes
through the solids control equipments i.e. shale shaker, de-sander and de-silter. These
equipments remove the solids of different sizes which get mixed with the mud during the
course of drilling. The cleaned mud flows back to the suction tanks to be again pumped into
the well. The drilling mud/fluid circulation is thus a continuous cyclic operation. The most
suitable clay for mud preparation is bentonite which is capable of forming highly dispersed
colloidal solutions. Various other chemicals are also used in mud preparation as per
requirements dictated by the temperature/pressure conditions of the wells. The mud is
continuously tested for its density, viscosity, yield point, water loss, pH value etc. to ensure that
the drilling operations can be sustained without any down hole complications.

1.5 Drilling Facilities

Drilling is a temporary activity which will continue for about 45 days for each well in the block.
The rigs are self-contained for all routine jobs. Once the drilling operations are completed, the
well is tested by perforation in the production casing. This normally takes 2-3 days. The well
will be connected to production installation and put on regular production.

1.6 General Requirements of Drilling

Development drilling programme requires the following common facilities:

a. Drilling muds

Drilling of wells requires specially formulated muds which basically comprise inert earth
materials like bentonite, barite in water with several additives to give mud weight, fluidity
and filter cake characteristics while drilling. The drilling muds have several functions like
lubrication and cooling of the drill bit, balancing subsurface formation, bringing out the drill
cuttings from the well bore, thixotropic property to hold cuttings during non-operations,
formation of thin cake to prevent liquid loss along well bore etc. Several additives are
mixed into the mud system to give the required properties. The constituents of water
based mud (WBM) are given in Table 4. The special additives and their functions in WBM
are shown in Table5.

b. Power Generation

The drilling process requires movement of drill bit through the draw works which require
power. The power requirement of the drilling rig will be met by using the six Diesel
Generator sets with a diesel consumption of about 06 Kl/day. The exhaust stacks of the
DG sets are likely to vent the emissions.

c. Water requirements

The water requirement in a drilling rig is mainly meant for preparation of drilling mud apart
from washings and domestic use. While the former consumes the majority of water
requirement, the water requirement for domestic and wash use is very less. The daily
water consumption will be 25 m3/d of which 15 m3/d will be used for mud preparation and
10 m3/d will be used for domestic purposes including drinking.

d. Domestic wastewater

The operating personnel in the drilling rigs will operate from drill site accommodation
(DSA) in the vicinity of the location. Suitable soak pits will be available at the DSA.

e. Solids removal

The rock cuttings and fragments of shale, sand and silt associated with the return drilling
fluid during well drilling will be separated using shale shakers and other solids removal
equipment like desanders and desilters. The recovered mud will be reused while the
rejected solids will be collected and discharged into the waste pit.

f. Drill cuttings and waste residual muds

During drilling operations, approx 225 m3 per well of wet drill cuttings are expected to be
generated from each well depending on the type of formation and depth of drilling. In
addition to the cuttings 15-20 m3/day of wastewater is likely to be generated during well
 drilling. The waste residual muds and drill cuttings which contain clay, sand etc. will be
disposed into the waste pit.

g. Testing

Testing facilities will be available at drilling rig for separation of liquid phase and burning of
all hydrocarbons during testing. The test flare boom will be located at a distance from the
drilling rig.

h. Chemical storage

The drilling rig will have normal storage facilities for fuel oil, required chemicals and the
necessary tubulars and equipment. The storage places will be clearly marked with safe
operating facilities and practices.

i. Manpower

The drilling rig will be operated by approx. 30 persons on the rig at anytime. The
manpower will operate in two shifts with continuous operations on the rig.

j. Logistics

Crew transfers to and from the drilling rig, materials, diesel and chemicals will be through
light vehicles, trucks and trailers.

1.7 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring

Ambient Air Quality Monitoring is carried in and around the drill sites and production
Installations regularly. The pollutants are found to be well below the prescribed CPCB
Limits

1.8 Project Investment

The total cost of drilling 40 development wells will be approximately around Rs.
440crores
 Table 1 showing the coordinates of PEL 1A and ML Blocks

Co-ordinates
Area as Latitude Longitude
S.
Name of the Block on Boun-
No.
01.08.2011 dary Deg. Min. Sec. Deg. Min. Sec.
points
KRISHNA GODAVARI (ONLAND)
1 ONLAND-1A 1518.50 A 16 10 22.20 81 11 40.00
ED: 28.12.2003 SKM D8 16 10 22.20 80 57 0.00
D7 16 24 0.00 80 57 0.00
D6 16 24 0.00 81 0 0.00
D5 16 35 42.00 81 0 0.00
D4 16 35 42.00 81 3 2.00
D3 16 38 6.00 81 3 2.00
D2 16 38 6.00 81 9 18.00
D1 16 43 34.00 81 9 18.00
E 16 45 0.00 81 15 0.00
F 16 50 14.00 81 20 53.00
F1 16 32 57.65 81 26 42.38
F2 16 34 24.00 81 23 33.00
F3 16 31 12.00 81 22 3.00
F4 16 29 15.00 81 26 27.00
F5 16 31 8.89 81 27 19.13
G 16 21 30.00 81 30 35.00
Coastline from point G to point A

A 16 10 22.00 81 11 40.00
ML Areas
7.60 SKM A 16 27 48.75 81 8 42.13
LINGALA
B 16 27 20.22 81 9 46.52
(ED 21.12.1999
1 C 16 29 0.00 81 11 20.90
10 Yrs)
D 16 29 9.46 81 9 55.79
A 16 26 46.00 81 8 58.00
KAIKALURU-3 B 16 25 48.00 81 8 4.00
2 (ED 03.01.1987 9.00 SKM C 16 24 20.00 81 9 43.00
20 Yrs.) D 16 25 6.00 81 10 27.00
E 16 26 24.00 81 9 25.00
 30.00 SKM A 16 29 5.00 81 10 23.00
LINGALA
B 16 32 24.00 81 15 2.00
3 EXTENSION AND
C 16 31 38.00 81 15 29.00
KAIKALUR-12
D 16 26 16.25 81 10 8.00
E 16 26 53.50 81 9 24.00
F 16 27 20.22 81 9 46.52
G 16 29 0.00 81 11 20.90

4 NANDIGAMA 55.00 SKM A 16 19 18.00 81 7 22.00

(ED: 31.1.2000 B 16 21 59.00 81 12 17.00
20 Yrs.) C 16 20 19.00 81 13 10.00
D 16 16 45.00 81 9 8.00
E 16 17 0.00 81 6 34.00
 Table 2 Coordinates of PEL-1B Block and ML areas in KG onland KG Basin

Co-ordinates
Area as Latitude Longitude
S.
Name of the Block on Boun-
No.
01.08.2011 dary Deg. Min. Sec. Deg. Min. Sec.
points
PEL Block 1B
F7 16 47 10.30 81 21 53.85
F6 16 47 6.00 81 48 12.00
ONLAND-1B 2108.00 F5 16 50 52.50 81 48 12.00
1
ED:13.01.2004 SKM
F4 16 51 2.00 82 0 0.00
F3 16 52 38.00 82 0 0.00
F2 16 52 44.00 82 5 56.00
F1 16 54 16.73 82 5 55.50
D' 16 55 9.00 82 14 33.00
Y15 16 50 58.64 82 16 15.20
Y14 16 50 41.00 82 13 22.00
Y13 16 46 48.00 82 13 24.00
Y12 16 46 48.00 82 12 24.00
Y11 16 45 31.50 82 12 24.00
Y10 16 45 31.50 82 10 54.00
Y9 16 44 51.00 82 10 54.00
Y8 16 44 51.00 82 6 28.00
Y7 16 43 36.00 82 6 28.00
Y6 16 43 36.00 82 4 24.00
Y5 16 42 16.00 82 4 24.00
Y4 16 42 16.00 82 2 18.00
Y3 16 39 24.00 82 2 18.00
Y2 16 39 24.00 82 14 46.50
Y1 16 33 2.00 82 14 46.50
C' 16 33 0.30 82 14 41.70
B' 16 31 48.50 82 9 48.60
X1 16 30 3.00 82 8 0.00
X2 16 33 0.00 82 6 18.00

X3 16 31 30.00 82 3 24.00

X4 16 34 51.00 82 1 9.00
X5 16 29 3.00 81 50 47.00
X6 16 26 38.00 81 52 8.00

X7 16 26 6.00 81 51 58.00

X8 16 26 14.00 81 51 47.00
X9 16 25 1.00 81 50 30.00
X10 16 23 50.00 81 50 30.00
 X11 16 23 58.00 81 49 42.00

X12 16 22 24.00 81 47 15.00

X13 16 22 3.00 81 47 15.00

X14 16 21 27.00 81 47 30.00

X15 16 19 48.00 81 43 40.00

X16 16 18 30.00 81 43 3.00

E 16 21 30.00 81 30 35.00
E1 16 31 8.89 81 27 19.13
E2 16 32 25.00 81 27 54.00

E3 16 32 57.65 81 26 42.38
F7 16 47 10.30 81 21 53.85
ML Areas
A 16 50 16.00 81 55 8.00
B 16 48 9.00 81 56 14.00
C 16 47 43.00 81 56 47.00
40.00
MANDAPETA
SKM D 16 46 16.00 81 56 50.00
1 (ED 14.02.1994,
20 Yrs.) E 16 46 1.00 81 55 46.00
F 16 46 41.00 81 54 48.00
G 16 47 0.00 81 52 13.00
H 16 49 34.00 81 52 58.00
2 KESAVADASUPALEM 25.50 SKM A 16 19 48.00 81 43 40.00
B 16 21 27.00 81 47 30.00
C 16 22 3.00 81 47 15.00
D 16 23 26.00 81 50 30.00
E 16 22 15.00 81 50 30.00
F 16 18 30.00 81 43 3.00

3 ADAVIPALEM- 95.00 SKM A 16 25 1.00 81 50 30.00

PONNAMONDA B 16 24 50.00 81 50 40.00
(ED:30.7.1996, 20 Years)
C 16 25 9.00 81 51 4.00
D 16 26 6.00 81 51 58.00

E 16 26 38.00 81 52 8.00
F 16 29 39.00 81 57 47.00
G 16 23 50.00 81 57 0.00
H 16 22 15.00 81 50 30.00
4 LAKSHMANESWARAM 23.50 SKM A 16 25 12.00 81 40 6.00
B 16 26 57.00 81 41 21.00
C 16 29 33.00 81 43 57.00
D 16 29 6.00 81 44 6.00
E 16 29 33.00 81 45 9.00
F 16 29 10.00 81 44 55.00
G 16 27 25.00 81 43 40.00
H 16 24 39.00 81 41 0.00
 Table 3

Status of development locations being taken up for drilling during 2012-17

S.No Field / No. of wells PEL Coordinates ML Status ML Area

(Anticipated Locations) / Well Block in Sq.KM
Name
1 KAIKALURU / 3 1A Not Available as in Kaikalur Area / 9.0
Locations are
anticipated to be in Lingala Extn ML 30.0
released during Area
2012-17

2 LINGALA / 1 1A ---do-- Lingala ML Area 7.6

3 NANDIGAMA / 1 1A ---do-- Nandigama ML Area 55.0
4 PENUGONDA / 10 1B ---do-- Grant of ML under
process
5 MANDAPETA / 8 1B ---do-- Mandapeta 40.0
6 KESAVADASUPALEM / 1 1B ---do-- Kesavadasupalem ML 25.5
Area
7 KESANAPALLI WEST / 5 1B ---do-- Adavipalem and 95.0
Ponnamanda ML Area
8 KAMMAPALEM / 7 1B ---do-- Grant of ML under
process
9 VYGRESWARAM / 1 1B ---do-- Grant of ML under
process
10 Lakshmaneswaram / LSDA 1B Lat 16 deg 16 Lakshmaneswaram ML 23.5
min04.96 sec Long Area
81 deg 41 min
00.65sec
11 Penugonda /PGDA 1B Lat 16 deg 41 min Grant of ML under …
00.97 sec Long 81 process
deg 46 min 50.75
sec
12 Penugonda / PGDB 1B Lat 16 deg 41 min Grant of ML under …
12.30 sec Long 81 process
deg 47 min 29.76
sec
Total 40 wells
 Table 4 Ingredients of Water Based Drilling Fluid
S. No Chemicals
1. Barite

2. Bentonite

3. Carboxy Methyl Cellulose

4. Mud Thinner / Conditioner

5. Resinated Lignite

6. Non-Weighted Spotting Fluid

7. Weighted Spotting Fluid

8. EP Lube

9. Drilling Detergent

10. Caustic Soda

11. Potassium Chloride

12. Soda Ash

Table 5 Special Additives and their Functions in Water-based Drilling Fluids

S. No. Chemicals Function

1. Sodium bicarbonate Eliminate excess calcium ions due to cement
contamination
2. Sodium chloride Minimize borehole washout in salt zone
3. Groundnut shells, mica Minimise loss of drilling mud to formation
of cellophane
4. Cellulose polymers or Counter thick, sticky filter cake, decrease
starch filter loss to formation
5. Aluminium stearate Minimize foaming
6. Vegetable oil lubricant Reduce torque and drag on drill string

7. Pill of oil-based mud Counter differential pressure sticking of

spotting fluid drilling string; Pill is placed down hole
opposite contact zone to free pipe
ANNEXURE D
ANNEXURE E
 Details of Hydrocarbon Fields

The Hydrocarbon reserve data obtained from the various wells drilled so far have shown
very encouraging results in West Godavari and Godavari Onland PML Blocks of KG
Basin in three districts of A.P. viz. East Godavari, West Godavari and Krishna. The
overall success ratio is 1:2.4. The efforts led to the discovery of 59 small-to-medium
sized hydrocarbon fields with about 234.9 MMT (Oil & Oil Equivalent Gas) of initial in-
place on-land reserves as on 01.04.2013. These fields are given below:

S. Hydrocarbon Fields S. Hydrocarbon Fields

No. No.
1 Achanta 31 Mandapeta
2 Adivipalem 32 Manepalli
3 Adavipeta East 33 Medapadu
4 Bandamurlanka-N 34 Mori
5 Bantumilli 35 Mullikipalle
6 Bantumilli South 36 Mukkamala
7 Bhimanapalli 37 Mummidivaram
8 Chintalapalli 38 Nandigama
9 East Rangapuram 39 Narasapur
10 Elamanchili 40 North Penugonda
11 Endamuru 41 Palakollu
12 Enugapalli 42 Pasarlapudi
13 Geddanapalli 43 Pendurru
14 Gokarnapuram 44 Penugonda
15 Gopavaram 45 Penumadam
16 Kaikalur-Vadali 46 Ponamanda
17 Kammapalem 47 Rangapuram
18 Kavitam 48 Razole
19 Kaza 49 Sirikattapalli
20 Kesanapalli 50 Sitaramapuram
21 Kesanapalli West 51 South Mahadevapatnam
22 Kesavadasapalem 52 Suryaraopeta
23 Koravaka 53 Tatipaka-Kadali
24 Lakshmaneswaram 54 Turputallu
25 Lakshminarasimhapuram 55 Uppidi
26 Lankapalem 56 Vanadurru South
27 Lingala 57 Vygreswaram
28 Magatapalli 58 Vygreswaram Southwest
29 Mahadevapattanam 59 West Kesavadasupalem
30 Malleswaram
ANNEXURE F
ANNEXURE G
 CSR spending by Rajahmundry Asset in East Godavari, West
Godavari and Krishna District
East Godavari district
S. No. Year Total Amount Spent (In lakhs)
1 2010-11 241
2 2011-12 592
3 2012-13 298
4 2013-14 560

West Godavari district

S. No. Year Total Amount Spent (In lakhs)

1 2010-11 28
2 2011-12 49.17
3 2012-13 60.52
4 2013-14 129

Krishna district

S. No. Year Total Amount Spent (In lakhs)

1 2010-11 8.6
2 2011-12 22.22
3 2012-13 24.47
4 2013-14 28.5

Area of Activity Examples of the facilities/infrastructure provided

S.
related to CSR using CSR fund
No.
spending
School Infrastructure Class room furniture, computers, Benches, Compound
1
wall etc.
High School/College Almirahs, ceiling fans, tube lights, electrification and lab
2
Infrastructure equipment etc.
3 Village Infrastructure Providing street lights etc.
Financial assistance to conduct the Officials Sports
4 Sports Development
Meets etc.
To support and encourage and create employment to
5 Welfare local artisans, musicians and artists, conduct medical
camp for Animal Husbandry etc.
Installation of RO/ Installing the RO Plant including bore well, power supply
6
Drinking Water Facility initial cost etc.
7 Sanitation Sanitation facilities for ladies etc.
Free training in Hotel Management for poor SC/ST/BC
8 Vocational Training students, Financial Assistance to run the training
programmes etc.
ANNEXURE H
 Note

Public Hearing at Razole, East Godavari District

The environment public hearing in respect of 22 development drilling wells of EG

district scheduled for 27.06.2014 was cancelled one hour before the start of public
hearing by the District Collector due to the GAIL pipeline accident that took place in
Nagaram village near Tatipaka complex in E.G district which caused severe loss of life,
injuries and loss of property.

ONGC, Rajahmundry Asset prepared the necessary EIA report by Jan‟14 itself,
and the public hearings were duly conducted at Krishna District for 5 wells and in West
Godavari district for 13 wells as per TORs issued in January and March 2014
respectively. The minutes issued in respect of the two public hearings conducted with all
other relevant documents are duly included in this EIA Report.

However the public hearing in East Godavari district in respect of the remaining
22 wells out of the total of 40 wells could not be conducted despite the same was
planned to be held first in March 14, then in April 14 and again in June 2014 due to the
unavoidable reasons such as Samaikhya Andhra Agitation, Municipal/ Local/ General
Elections and the unexpected GAIL pipeline incident respectively.

As such the issue is considerably delayed due to several aforesaid reasons and
hence MoEF is requested to consider the exemption for conducting the public hearing in
respect of the remaining 22 wells in E.G Dt out of the total 40 wells and accept this EIA
Report being submitted online so that the issuance of EC for the said proposal may be
expedited at the earliest possible time.