EUROPEAN STANDARD FINAL DRAFT

NORME EUROPÉENNE FprEN 15316-4-1

EUROPÄISCHE NORM
November 2016

ICS 91.140.10 Will supersede EN 15316-3-3:2007, EN 15316-4-1:2008,

EN 15316-4-7:2008

English Version

Energy performance of buildings - Method for calculation of

system energy requirements and system efficiencies - Part 4-1:
Space heating and DHW generation systems, combustion
systems (boilers, biomass), Module M3-8-1, M8-8-1

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Performance énergétique des bâtiments - Méthode de Energetische Bewertung von Gebäuden - Verfahren zur

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calcul des besoins énergétiques et des rendements des Berechnung der Energieanforderungen und Nutzungsgrade

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systèmes - Partie 4-1 : Systèmes de génération de der Anlagen - Teil 4-1: Wärmeerzeugung für die

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chauffage des locaux et production d'eau chaude sanitaire, Raumheizung und Trinkwassererwärmung,

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systèmes de combustion (chaudières, biomasse), Module Verbrennungssysteme (Heizungskessel, Biomasse), Modul
M3-8-1, M8-8-1
m M3-8-1, M8-8-1
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This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for formal vote. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC
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If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which
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stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
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This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language
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made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.
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CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
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Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United
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Kingdom.
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Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are aware and to
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provide supporting documentation.

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Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without notice and
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shall not be referred to as a European Standard.

EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION

COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels

© 2016 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. FprEN 15316-4-1:2016 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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Contents Page

European foreword....................................................................................................................................................... 4
Introduction .................................................................................................................................................................... 5
1 Scope .................................................................................................................................................................... 7
2 Normative references .................................................................................................................................... 9
3 Terms and definitions ................................................................................................................................... 9
4 Symbols and abbreviations ...................................................................................................................... 10
4.1 Symbols ............................................................................................................................................................ 10
4.2 Abbreviations and indices ........................................................................................................................ 11
5 Description of the method ........................................................................................................................ 11

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5.1 Output of the method .................................................................................................................................. 11

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5.2 General description of the method ........................................................................................................ 12

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5.3 Input data ........................................................................................................................................................ 13

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5.4 Boundaries between distribution and generation sub-system ................................................... 15

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5.5 Default values ................................................................................................................................................ 16

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5.5.1 Default values for generator efficiency at full load and intermediate load as a m
function of the generator power output .............................................................................................. 16
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5.5.2 Default value for the stand-by heat losses f gen;ls;P0 as a function of the generator
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power output ................................................................................................................................................. 16

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5.5.3 Auxiliary energy ........................................................................................................................................... 16

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5.6 Product values............................................................................................................................................... 17

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5.7 Measured values ........................................................................................................................................... 17

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5.7.1 Boiler efficiencies from measured values ........................................................................................... 17

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5.7.2 Measured total thermal losses, power input and calculated gains ............................................ 17
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5.7.3 Additional default data and calculation for condensing boilers ................................................. 18
5.7.4 Thermal losses through the chimney with the burner on at full load fch;on ......................... 19
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5.7.5 Thermal losses through the generator envelope fgen;env ........................................................... 19

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5.7.6 Thermal losses through the chimney with the burner off fch;off ............................................... 20
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5.8 Boiler rated output ...................................................................................................................................... 20

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6 Generation sub-system basic energy balance.................................................................................... 20

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6.1 Heat balance................................................................................................................................................... 20

6.2 Expenditure factor ....................................................................................................................................... 20
6.3 equation equationFuel heat input......................................................................................................... 21
6.4 Generator auxiliary energy ...................................................................................................................... 21
6.5 Generator losses ........................................................................................................................................... 21
6.5.1 Generator loss ............................................................................................................................................... 21
6.5.2 Generator thermal loss at specific load ratio βH;gen and power output PPx ........................ 21
6.5.3 Generator thermal loss calculation at full load ................................................................................. 22
6.5.4 Generator thermal loss calculation at intermediate load ............................................................. 22
6.5.5 Generator thermal loss calculation at 0 % load ................................................................................ 23
6.5.6 Correction factor by additional tests .................................................................................................... 23
6.6 Recoverable thermal losses ..................................................................................................................... 23
6.6.1 general ............................................................................................................................................................. 23
6.6.2 Generator thermal losses through the jacket (generator envelope) ........................................ 23
6.6.3 Recoverable thermal losses out of auxiliary energy ....................................................................... 23
6.7 Recovered auxiliary energy...................................................................................................................... 24

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6.8 Auxiliary energy ............................................................................................................................................ 24

6.9 Generator thermal output ......................................................................................................................... 24
6.10 Heating time and load factor .................................................................................................................... 25
6.11 Direct heated DHW heaters ...................................................................................................................... 25
6.11.1 Instantaneous electrical water heater .................................................................................................. 25
For f tr ;ls see Table A.17 or B.17 44Instantaneous gas water heater ........................................................ 25
6.11.2 Gas-fired domestic storage water heaters........................................................................................... 26
6.11.3 Boundary conditions for the default values........................................................................................ 26
6.12 Method for domestic hot water appliance, tested with 24 h tapping cycles ........................... 27
Annex A (informative) Additional formulas and default values for parametering the boiler
efficiency method ......................................................................................................................................... 29
A.1 Information on the method ....................................................................................................................... 29
A.1.1 Generator efficiencies and stand-by losses ......................................................................................... 29
A.1.2 Auxiliary energy ............................................................................................................................................ 33

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A.1.3 Recoverable generation thermal losses and boiler location ........................................................ 34

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A.2 Conversion of the energy content of energy carriers ...................................................................... 34

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A.3 Deviation from default values .................................................................................................................. 35

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Fuel constants for flue gas measurement depending on Siegert constants ............................ 35
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A.5 Default values for calculation of thermal losses through the chimney with the burner
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off ........................................................................................................................................................................ 37
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A.6 Additional default data and calculation for condensing boilers ................................................. 38
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A.7 Additional default data for generator output and losses ............................................................... 39
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A.8 Additional default data and calculation for water heaters............................................................ 39

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Annex B (informative) Additional formulas and default values for parametering the boiler
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efficiency method ......................................................................................................................................... 40

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B.1 Information on the method ....................................................................................................................... 40

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B.1.1 Generator efficiencies and stand-by losses ......................................................................................... 40

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B.1.2 Auxiliary energy ............................................................................................................................................ 45

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B.1.3 Recoverable generation thermal losses and boiler location ........................................................ 46

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B.2 Conversion of the energy content of energy carriers ...................................................................... 46

B.3 Deviation from default values .................................................................................................................. 47
B.4 Fuel constants for flue gas measurement depending on Siegert constants ............................ 47
B.5 Default values for calculation of thermal losses through the chimney with the burner
off ........................................................................................................................................................................ 49
B.6 Additional default data and calculation for condensing boilers ................................................. 50
B.7 Additional default data for generator output and losses ............................................................... 51
B.8 Additional default data and calculation for water heaters............................................................ 51
Annex C (informative) General part default values and information ..................................................... 53
Bibliography ................................................................................................................................................................. 54

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European foreword

This document (FprEN 15316-4-1:2016) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 228
“Heating systems and water based cooling systems in buildings”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN.

This document is currently submitted to the Formal Vote.

This document will supersede EN 15316-3-3:2007, EN 15316-4-1:2008, EN 15316-4-7:2008.

In case this standard is used in the context of national or regional legal requirements, mandatory
choices may be given at national or regional level for such specific applications, in particular for the
application within the context of EU Directives transposed into national legal requirements.

Further target groups are users of the voluntary common European Union certification scheme for the
energy performance of non-residential buildings (EPBD art.11.9) and any other regional (e.g. Pan

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European) parties wanting to motivate their assumptions by classifying the building energy

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performance for a dedicated building stock.

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The main changes compared to EN 15316-3-3:2007, EN 15316-4-1:2008 and EN 15316-4-7:2008 are:

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a) the typology method was removed; st
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b) the boiler cycling method has been added for existing boilers to get the input parameters for the
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case specific boiler efficiency method.

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Introduction

This European Standard is part of a series of standards aiming at international harmonization of the
methodology for the assessment of the energy performance of buildings, called “EPB set of standards”.
EPB standards deal with energy performance calculation and other related aspects (like system sizing)
to provide the building services considered in the EPBD directive.
CEN/TC 228 deals with heating systems in buildings. Subjects covered by CEN/TC 228 are:
— energy performance calculation for heating systems;

— inspection of heating systems;

— design of heating systems;

— installation and commissioning of heating systems.

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This standard is intended to replace EN 15316-3-3:2007, EN 15316-4-1:2008 and EN 15316-4-7:2008

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and includes biomass boilers (former EN 15316-4-7:2008). This revision was required as a result of the

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EPBD recast (2010/31/EU). The set of standards developed under mandate M/343 will be revised to

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become consistent with the overarching standard under mandate M/480.

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Other generation systems are covered in other sub modules of part M3-8 (see Table 1).
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All EPB standards follow specific rules to ensure overall consistency, unambiguity and transparency.
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All EPB standards provide a certain flexibility with regard to the methods, the required input data and
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references to other EPB standards, by the introduction of a normative template in Annex A and Annex B
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with informative default choices.

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For the correct use of this standard, a normative template is given in Annex A to specify these choices.
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Informative default choices are provided in Annex B.

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The main target group of this standard are all the users of the set of EPB standards (e.g. architects,
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engineers, regulators).
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Use by or for regulators: In case the standard is used in the context of national or regional legal
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requirements, mandatory choices may be given at national or regional level for such specific
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applications, in particular for the application within the context of EU Directives transposed into
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national legal requirements. These choices (either the informative default choices from Annex B or
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choices adapted to national/regional needs), but in any case following the template of this Annex A) can
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be made available as National Annex or as separate (e.g. legal) document.

NOTE So in this case:

— the regulators will specify the choices;

— the individual user will apply the standard to assess the energy performance of a building, and
thereby use the choices made by the regulators.

Topics addressed in this standard can be subject to public regulation. Public regulation on the same
topics can, for certain applications, override the default values in Annex B of this standard. Public
regulation on the same topics can even, for certain applications override the use of this standard. Legal
requirements and choices are in general not published in standards but in legal documents. In order to
avoid double publications and difficult updating of double documents, the National Annex may refer to
the legal texts where national choices have been made by public authorities.

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It is expected, if the default values and choices in Annex B are not followed due to national regulations,
policy or traditions, that:
— national or regional authorities prepare data sheets containing the choices and national or regional
values, according to the model in Annex A. In this case the National Annex (e.g. NA) refers to this
text;

— or, by default, the national standards body will consider the possibility to add or include a National
Annex in agreement with the template of Annex A, in accordance to the legal documents that give
national or regional values and choices.

Further target groups are users of the voluntary common European Union certification scheme for the
energy performance of non-residential buildings (EPBD art.11.9) and any other Pan EU parties wanting
to motivate their assumptions by classifying the building energy performance for a dedicated building
stock.
More information is provided in the Technical Report accompanying this standard (prCEN/TR 15316-6-

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1 Scope
This European Standard is part of a series of standards on the method for calculation of system energy
requirements and system efficiencies of space heating systems and domestic hot water systems.
This standard (FprEN 15316-4-1) specifies:
— required inputs;

— a calculation method;

— resulting outputs;

— a method to take into account the energy performance of heat generation devices based on fuel
combustion;

for space heating generation by combustion sub-systems (boilers, biomass), including control.

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This standard specifies methods for the calculation of:

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— thermal losses from the heating and the domestic hot water generation system;

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— recoverable thermal losses for space heating from the heating and the domestic hot water
generation system;
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— auxiliary energy of the heating and the domestic hot water generation systems.
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This standard specifies the energy performance calculation of water based heat generation sub-systems
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including control based on combustion of fuels (“boilers”), operating with conventional fossil fuels as
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well as renewable fuels. This standard does not cover sizing or inspection of boilers.
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This standard is also applicable to heat generators for heating or for combined service as domestic hot
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water, ventilation, cooling and heating. Generators for domestic hot water only are taken into account
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into part M8-8.

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This European Standard is the general standard on generation by combustion sub-systems (boilers,
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biomass) and is also intended for generation for domestic hot water production and/or space heating.
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These values are input data for calculation of the overall energy use according to prEN ISO 52000-1 and
prEN 15316-1.
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Table 1 shows the relative position of this standard within the set of EPB standards in the context of the
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modular structure as set out in prEN ISO 52000-1.

NOTE 1 In prCEN ISO/TR 52000-2 the same table can be found, with, for each module, the numbers of the
relevant EPB standards and accompanying technical reports that are published or in preparation.

NOTE 2 The modules represent EPB standards, although one EPB standard may cover more than one module
and one module may be covered by more than one EPB standard, for instance a simplified and a detailed method
respectively. See also Clause 2 and Tables A.1 and B.1.

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Table 1 — Position of EN 15316–4-1 within the modular structure

Building
Overarching Technical Building Systems
(as such)

Dehumidification

automation and
Humidification

Domestic Hot
Descriptions

Descriptions

Descriptions

Ventilation

production
Electricity
Building
Lighting
Heating

Cooling

control
water
sub1 M1 sub1 M2 sub1 M3 M4 M5 M6 M7 M8 M9 M10 M11
1 General 1 General 1 General 15316–1 15316–1
Common terms
and definitions; Building Energy
2 2 2 Needs 12831–3 ?
symbols, units Needs
and subscripts
(Free) Indoor
Maximum Load
3 Applications 3 Conditions 3 12831–1 12831–3
and Power
without Systems
Ways to Express Ways to Express Ways to Express

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4 Energy 4 Energy 4 Energy 15316–1 15316–1

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Performance Performance Performance

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Building

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Functions and Heat Transfer by Emission and
5 5 5 15316–2 15316–2

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Building Transmission control

2
Boundaries

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Building
Heat Transfer by m
Occupancy and Distribution and
6 6 Infiltration and 6 15316–3 15316–3 15316–3
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Operating control
Ventilation
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Conditions
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Aggregation of
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Energy Services Internal Storage and 15316–5

7 7 7 15316–5
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and Energy Heat Gains control 15316–4-3

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Carriers
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Building
8 8 8
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Solar Heat Gains Generation

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Partitioning
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Combustion 15316–4-
8–1 15316–4-1
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boilers 1
15316–4- 15316–4-
8–2
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Heat pumps 15316–4-2

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Thermal solar 15316–4-

8–3 15316–4-3 15316–4-3
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Photovoltaics 3
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On-site 15316–4-
8–4 15316–4-4 15316–4-4
cogeneration 4
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District heating 15316–4- 15316–4-

8–5 15316–4-5 15316–4-5
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and cooling 5 5
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Direct electrical 15316–4-

8–6 15316–4-6
heater 6
8–7 Wind turbines 15316–4- 10
Radiant heating, 15316–4-
8–8
stoves 8
Calculated Building Load dispatching
9 Energy 9 Dynamics 9 and operating
Performance (thermal mass) conditions
Measured Measured Measured
10 Energy 10 Energy 10 Energy 15378–3 15378–3
Performance Performance Performance
11 Inspection 11 Inspection 11 Inspection 15378–1 15378–1
Ways to Express
12 12 – 12 BMS
Indoor Comfort
External
13 Environment
Conditions
Economic
14 15459–1
Calculation

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2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 89, Gas-fired storage water heaters for the production of domestic hot water

EN ISO 13790, Energy performance of buildings - Calculation of energy use for space heating and cooling
(ISO 13790)

prEN ISO 52000-1:2015, Energy performance of buildings - Overarching EPB assessment - Part 1: General
framework and procedures (ISO/DIS 52000-1:2015)

3 Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in prEN ISO 52000-1:2015 and the

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following apply.

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3.1

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heat transfer coefficient

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factor of proportionality of heat flow governed by a temperature difference between two environments

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boiler
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gas, liquid or solid fuelled appliance designed to provide hot water for space heating
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3.3
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combustion power
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product of the fuel flow rate and the net calorific power of the fuel
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3.4
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low temperature boiler

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non-condensing boiler which can work continuously with a water supply temperature of 35 to 40°C,
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possibly producing condensation in certain circumstances

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3.5
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condensing boiler
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boiler in which, under normal operating conditions and at certain operating water temperatures, the
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water vapour in the combustion products is partly condensed, in order to make use of the latent heat of
this water vapour for heating purposes [EN 15502-1, EN 15034]

Note 1 to entry: Boilers not designed to or without the means to remove the condensate in liquid form, are
called ‘non-condensing’.

3.6
modes of operation
various modes in which the heating system can operate

EXAMPLE Set-point mode, cut-off mode, reduced mode, set-back mode, boost mode.

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3.7
on/off boiler
boiler without the capability to vary the fuel burning rate whilst maintaining continuous burner firing

Note 1 to entry: This includes boilers with alternative burning rates set once only at the time of installation,
referred to as range rating

3.8
multistage boiler
boiler with the capability to vary the fuel burning rate stepwise whilst maintaining continuous burner
firing

3.9
modulating boiler
boiler with the capability to vary continuously (from a set minimum to a set maximum) the fuel burning
rate whilst maintaining continuous burner firing

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3.10

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biomass boiler

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biomass fuelled appliance designed to provide heating medium (e.g. water, fluid)

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3.11
st
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load factor
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ratio between the time with the boiler ON (burner 100%) and the total generator operation time
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3.12
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operation cycle
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time period of the operation cycle of a boiler

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3.13
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standard condition
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condition of 15 °C, 1 013,25 mbar, if there are no other informations

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4 Symbols and abbreviations

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4.1 Symbols
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For the purposes of this document, the symbols and indices of prEN ISO 52000-1 and the symbols and
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units of Table 2 applies.

Table 2 — Symbols and units

Symbol Name of quantity Unit

D day d/mth
kJ/kg or
h specific latent heat
Wh/kg
α Heat transfer coefficient W/(m2 K)
β load factor -
ε expenditure factor -
ϑ Temperature °C

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4.2 Abbreviations and indices

For the purposes of this document, the symbols and indices of prEN ISO 52000-1 and the indices of
Table 3 applies.
Table 3 — Indices

Hc Heating circute ch chimney prio priority

O2 Oxygen cond condensation s gross
H2O humidity corr corrected/correction sat saturation
Pn at nominal load dry dry gases sim simultaneous
at intermediate
Pint env envelope sink sink
load

P0 at zero load fg flue gas st stoichiometric

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Px Actual load i net test test

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mechanical

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RT Return mech tr transmission
(ventilation system)

2
Ratio of gross st
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radiator index,
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Hs/Hi calorific/net n ve ventilation
nominal
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calorific value
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add additional op operational wfg water in fluegas

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Circuit of any
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air Air ref Reference Xc considered

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building system
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brm boiler room pa partial area S storage

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5 Description of the method

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5.1 Output of the method

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For output quantities see Table 4

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Table 4 — Output quantities

Calculation Validity Destination

Description Symbol Unit Varying
chapter interval module
Fuel heat input Egen;in kWh see 6.2 0…∞ M 3–1 YES
Recoverable generation heat losses
for heating system (in the calculation Qgen;ls;rbl kWh see 6.5 0…∞ M 3–1 YES
interval)
generation heat losses (in the
Qgen;ls; kWh see 6.4 0…∞ M 3–1 YES
calculation interval)
Expenditure factor of the generator
εgen - see 6.1 1 - 10 M 3–1 YES
for the whole service
Expenditure factor of the generator
εH;gen - see 6.1 2 - 10 M 3–1 YES
for heating

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Expenditure factor of the generator

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εC;gen - see 6.1 3 - 10 M 3–1 YES
for cooling

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Expenditure factor of the generator
εV;gen

2
- see 6.1 4 - 10 M 3–1 YES
for ventilation
st
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Expenditure factor of the generator
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εW;gen - see 6.1 5 - 10 M 3–1 YES
for DHW
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heat generation auxiliary energy for

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the heating system (in the calculation Wgen, kWh see 6.3 0…∞ M 3–1 YES
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interval)
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Fuel type List M 3–1 NO

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relevant
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5.2 General description of the method

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The calculation method of the generation sub-system takes into account heat losses and/or recovery
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due to the following physical factors:

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— heat losses to the chimney (or flue gas exhaust) and through the envelope of the storage tank and
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the generator(s) during total time of generator operation (running and stand-by);
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— auxiliary energy.

The calculation is independent from the time steps.

There are a basic calculation for
— boilers at all (chapter 6.);

— direct heated domestic hot water heaters (chapter 6.11) and

— domestic hot water appliance tested with 24 h tapping cyclies (chapter 6.12).

There are three possibilities inputs for the generation efficiency calculation:
— default values (chapter 5.5);

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— product values (chapter 5.6);

— measured values chapter 5.7).

Default values are given in Annex B.

Product values by the manufactures shall be tested according to the appropriated EN standard (see
bibliography).
Measured values are for existing boilers, condensing boilers and on-site inspection.
5.3 Input data

Input quantities from other parts of the heating system standards, see Table 5.
Table 5 — Input quantities
Validity
Description Symbol Unit Destination module Varying
interval

8
-0
not

12
Fuel type GEN_FUEL List relevant M 3–4, M 8–4 NO

6-
01
not

2
Generator Type GEN_TYP List relevant M 3–4, M 8–4 NO

st
m not
ko
Burner type GEN_BURN List relevant M 3–4, M 8–4 NO
en

not
je
bi

Boiler location TH_ZONE List relevant M 3–4, M 8–4 NO

ie
at

not
m

Type of control HEAT_GEN_CTRL List relevant M 3–4, M 8–4 NO

r
fo

not
in

Generation circuit typology GEN_CIRC_TYPOL List relevant M 3–4, M 8–4 NO

de

number of dwellings within a building Nflat - 0…∞ M 3–1 YES

or
vo

number of peak tappings per day nSp - 0…∞ M 3–1 YES

T
EP

Heat load Φh kW 0…∞ M 3–3 YES

C

Rated output for cooling system Pn,C kW 0…∞ M 4–3 YES

N
O

Rated output for ventilation system Pn,V kW 0…∞ M 5–3 YES

C

Rated output for DHW system Pn,W kW 0…∞ M 8–3 YES

Heat input to the heating distribution
system (in the respective time) QH,dis;in kWh 0…∞ M 3–6, Yes
Heat input to the cooling distribution
system (in the respective time) QC,dis;in kWh 0…∞ M 4–6 YES
Heat input to the ventilation
distribution system (in the respective
time) QV,dis;in kWh 0…∞ M 5–6, YES
daily energy need for domestic hot
water, QW,b,d kWh 0…∞ M 8–6 YES
Heat input to the domestic hot water
distribution system (in the respective
time) QW,dis;in kWh 0…∞ M 8–6 YES

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Validity
Description Symbol Unit Destination module Varying
interval
Usage period for heating (in the
calculation interval), tH;use h or d 0…8760 M 3–4, M 8–4 YES
Usage period for cooling (in the
calculation interval) tC;use h or d 0…8760 M 4–4 YES
Usage period for ventilation (in the
calculation interval) tV;use h or d 0…8760 M 5–4 YES
Usage period for domestic hot water
(in the calculation interval) tW;use h or d 0…8760 M 8–4 YES
Running time for heating (in the s/h or M 3–4, M 8–4,
calculation interval) tH h/mth 0…3600 EN ISO 13790 YES
running time for cooling system – s/h or
when connected tC h/mth 0…3600 M 3–4, M 8–4 YES

8
-0
running time for ventilation system – s/h or

12
when connected tV h/mth 0…3600 M 3–4, M 8–4 YES

6-
01
running time for DHW system – when s/h or

2
connected tW h/mth 0…3600 M 3–4, M 8–4 YES
st
m
−30 . . see external climat
ko
external air temperature ϑe °C +30 data, M 3–4, M 8–4 YES
en

−30 . . see external climat

je
bi

daily average design temperature ϑe;min °C +31 data, M 3–4, M 8–5 YES
ie
at

generator average water temperature

m

(or return temperature to the

r
fo

generator for condensing boilers) as a

in

function of the specific operating

de

conditions ϑHc;mn °C 0 . . 110 M 3–4, M 8–4 YES

or

average return temperature to the

vo

generator for condensing boilers as a

T

function of the specific operating

EP

conditions ϑHc;RT °C 0 . . 110 M 3–4, M 8–4 YES

C

generator average water temperature

N
O

as a function of the specific operating

C

conditions for cooling systems - when

connected ϑCc;mn °C 0 . . 110 M 3–4, M 8–4 YES
generator average water temperature
as a function of the specific operating
conditions for ventilation systems -
when connected ϑVc;mn °C 0 . . 110 M 3–4, M 8–4 YES
generator average water temperature
as a function of the specific operating
conditions for DHW systems - when
connected ϑWc;mn °C 0 . . 110 M 3–4, M 8–4 YES
average return temperature to the
generator for condensing boilers as a
function of the specific operating
conditions for cooling systems - when
connected ϑCc;RT °C 0 . . 110 M 3–4, M 8–4 YES

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Validity
Description Symbol Unit Destination module Varying
interval
average return temperature to the
generator for condensing boilers as a
function of the specific operating
conditions for ventilation systems -
when connected ϑVc;RT °C 0 . . 110 M 3–4, M 8–4 YES
average return temperature to the
generator for condensing boilers as a
function of the specific operating
conditions for DHW systems - when
connected ϑWc;RT °C 0 . . 110 M 3–4, M 8–4 YES
average return temperature to the −30 . .
ϑgen;RT °C measured YES
generator for condensing boilers +30
−30 . .

8
ambient temperature
ϑbrm

-0
°C +31 M 3–4, M 8–4 YES

12
cold water temperature ϑk °C 0 . . 95 M 3–4 YES

6-
01
Delivered energy input of the

2
generation sub-system (measured Egen;del;in kg, m3 0…∞ M 3–1 YES

st
fuel input) (in the calculation interval) m
ko
generator output at full load Pn kW 0…∞ M 3–2 YES
en

generator output at intermidiate load Pint kW 0…∞ M 3–3 YES

je
bi

temperature difference between

ie

−30 . .
boiler return water temperature and Δϑwfg °C measured YES
at

+30
flue gas temperature at part load
rm
fo

−30 . . see external climat

external air temperature ϑe °C YES
in

+30 data, M 3–4, M 8–4

de

−30 . . see external climat

ϑbrm
or

ambient temperature °C YES

+31 data, M 3–4, M 8–5
vo

out of additional tests

T
EP

full load efficiency with mean water

ηPn;add - 0..1 measured YES
C

temperature ϑgen;test;Pn;add
N
O

−30 . .
C

mean water temperature at full load ϑgen;test;Pn;add °C measured YES

+30
part load efficiency with mean water
ηPint;add - 0..1 measured YES
temperature ϑgen;test;Pint;add
−30 . .
mean water temperature at part load ϑgen;test;Pint;add °C measured YES
+31

5.4 Boundaries between distribution and generation sub-system

Boundaries between generation sub-system and distribution sub-system should be defined (see
description in the prCEN/TR 15316-6-4).

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5.5 Default values

5.5.1 Default values for generator efficiency at full load and intermediate load as a function of
the generator power output

The generator efficiency at full load as a function of the generator power output is calculated with
Formula (1):
c 1 + c 2 ⋅ logPn
η gen;Pn = (1)
100

For condensing boiler the generator efficiency at full load shall be elaborated between 60 °C and 30 °C
return temperature using Formula (2) for 60 °C and Formula (3) for 30 °C:
c 1 + c 2 ⋅ logPn
η gen;Pn;60 = (2)
100

8
c 1 + c 2 ⋅ logPn

-0
η gen;Pn;30 = (3)

12
100

6-
01
The generator efficiency at intermediate load as a function of the generator power output is calculated

2
with Formula (4):
st
c 3 + c 4 ⋅ logPn
m
η gen;Pint = (4)
ko

100
en
je

where
bi
ie

Pn is the nominal power output, in kW limited to a maximum value of 400 kW. If the
at
m

nominal power output of the generator is higher than 400 kW, then the value of
r
fo

400 kW is to take;
in

c1, c2, c3, c4 is the coefficients given in Tables A.1/A.2 and Tables B.1/B.2.
de
or

5.5.2 Default value for the stand-by heat losses f gen;ls;P0 as a function of the generator power
vo

output
T
EP

f gen;ls;P0 is calculated with Formula (5):

C
N

( )
c6
O

c 5 ⋅ Pn
C

f gen;ls;P0 = (5)
100

where
c5, c6 parameters given in Table A.3 and Table B.3.
5.5.3 Auxiliary energy

Default value for the power consumption of auxiliary equipment is calculated with Formula (6):
n
c 7 + c 8 ⋅ ( Pn )
Paux;Px = (6)
1000

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where
c7, c8, n parameters given in Table A.6 and Table B.6.
5.6 Product values

Product values by the manufactures shall be tested according to the appropriated EN standard (see
Bibliography).
5.7 Measured values
5.7.1 Boiler efficiencies from measured values

The efficiency of the boiler at full load ηgen;Pn is calculated with Formula (7):
Pgen;del − Pgen;ls ;ch;on − Pgen;ls ;env
η gen;Pn = (7)
Pgen;del

8
-0
The efficiency of the boiler at part load ηgen;Pint is calculated with Formula (8):

12
6-
( ( ) (
Pgen;del ⋅ β Pint − β Pint ⋅ Pgen;ls ;ch;on − Pcond + Pgen;ls ;en⋅ − (1 − β Pint ) ⋅ Pgen;ls ;ch;off + Pgen;ls ;en⋅ ))

01
η gen;Pint =

2
Pgen;del ⋅ β Pint
st
m
(8)
ko
en

For condensing boiler Pcond is needed (see Formula (24)) otherwise Pcond = 0.
je
bi

The values for stand by heat losses are calculated with Formula (9):
ie
at

f gen;ls;P0
= f ch;off + f gen;env (9)
m r
fo

5.7.2 Measured total thermal losses, power input and calculated gains
in
de

Thermal losses through the chimney with the burner on Pgen;ls;ch;on are given with Formula (10):
or
vo

f ch;on
Pgen;ls;ch;on ⋅ Pgen;del
T

= (10)
EP

100
C
N

Thermal losses through the chimney with the burner off Pgen;ls;ch;off are given with Formula (11):
O
C

f ch;off
Pgen;ls;ch;off
= ⋅ Pgen;del (11)
100

Thermal losses through the generator envelope Pgen;ls;env are given with Formula (12):

Pgen;ls;en⋅
= f gen;en⋅ ⋅ Pgen;del (12)

The calculation procedure for condensation at part load is calculated in chapter 5.7.3.
The average power input to the generator Pgen;del in kW is calculated depending on the energy carrier
using Formula (13)
 kWh 
Pgen;del E gen;del ;in ⋅ H i 
=  (13)
 3600kJ 

And the nominal power of the boiler Pn is calculated with Formula (14)
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=Pn η gen;Pn ⋅ Pgen;del (14)

5.7.3 Additional default data and calculation for condensing boilers

The specifications of the gasvolumes based on ISO 8778.

Flue gas temperature (at boiler outlet connection to flue gas), if not measured, is calculated with
Formula (15):
ϑ fg ϑ gen;RT + Δϑ wfg
= (15)

The return temperature for part load measurement is 30 °C. The temperature difference Δϑwfg between
boiler return water temperature and flue gas temperature at part load normally is 10 K.
Actual amount of dry flue gas Vfg;dry in m3/m3 or m3/kg is calculated with Formula (16):

21
V fg;dry V fg;st;dry ⋅
= (16)

8
21 − x O2;fg;dry

-0
12
6-
Actual amount of dry combustion air Vair;dry in m3/ m3 or m3/kg is calculated with Formula (17):

2 01
Vair;dry= Vair;st;dry + V fg;dry − V fg;st;dry (17)
st
m
ko
NOTE V fg;dry − V fg;st;dry is excess air.
en
je

Combustion air temperature ϑbrm is assumed either equal to installation room temperature for type B
bi
ie

appliances or to external air temperature for type C appliances.

at
m

Saturation humidity of air mH2O;air;sat and flue gas mH2O;fg;sat shall be calculated according to ϑbrm
r
fo

(combustion air temperature) and ϑfg (flue gas temperature) respectively and expressed as kg of
in

humidity per m3 of dry air or dry flue gas. Data can be found in Table A.12 and Table B.12. Linear or
de

polynomial interpolation shall be used for intermediate temperatures.

or
vo

Total humidity of combustion air mH2O;air in kg/ m3 or kg/kg is calculated with Formula (18):
T
EP

x air
mH2O;air
= mH2O;air;sat ⋅ Vair;dry ⋅ (18)
C

100
N
O
C

where
xair is the combustion air relative humidity. Default value is given in Table A.14 and Table B.14.
Total humidity of flue gas mH2O;fg in kg/m3 or kg/kg is calculated with Formula (19):

x fg
mH2O;fg
= mH2O;fg;sat ⋅V fg;dry ⋅ (19)
100

where
xfg is the flue gas relative humidity. Default value is given Table A.14 and Table B.14.
The amount of condensing water mH2O;cond in kg/ m3 or kg/kg is calculated with Formula (20):

mH2O;cond =mH2O;st + mH2O;air − mH2O;fg (20)

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If mH2O;cond is negative, there is no condensation. Then mH2O;cond = 0 and fcond = 0.

The specific latent heat of condensation hcond;fg is calculated with Formula (21) in kJ/kg or
Formula (22) in Wh/kg:
hcond;fg = 2500,6-2,435* ϑ fg (21)

or
hcond;fg = 694,61 -0,6764* ϑ fg (22)

NOTE Use Formula (21) or (22) according to the choice of units for energy and time.

The specific condensation heat Qcond in kJ/kg or kJ/m3 is calculated with Formula (23):

Q cond = mH2O;cond * hcond;fg (23)

8
-0
The calculation is based on gross calorific values to get positive values, so the recovered latent heat of

12
condensation Pcond is calculated with Formula (24) (see Table A.13 and Table B.13):

6-
Q cond

01
P= ⋅ Pgen;del (24)

2
cond
Hs
st
m
5.7.4 Thermal losses through the chimney with the burner on at full load fch;on
ko
en

Thermal losses through the chimney with the burner on fch;on can be calculated according to the flue
je
bi

gas analysis results (Formula (25)):

ie
at

measuring O2.
m
r
fo

 c 10 
( )
in

f ch;on;meas =ϑ fg − ϑ brm ⋅  + c 11  (25)

 21% − X O 
de

 2 
or
vo

The constants c10 and c11 are given in Table A.10 and Table B.10.
T
EP

The measured value shall be corrected to reference conditions according to water temperature using
C

the Formula (26):

N

( )
O

=  f ch;on;meas − ϑ gen;ref − ϑ gen;meas ⋅ f corr;ch;on 

f ch;on (26)
C

 

where
Default values for fcorr;ch;on = 0,045 [%/°C]

5.7.5 Thermal losses through the generator envelope fgen;env

If there is no measurement possible the part of stand-by heat losses attributed to heat losses through
the generator envelope is given by fgen;env. Default values of fgen;env are given in Table A.7 and
Table B.7.
Actual specific thermal losses through the generator envelope fgen;env are given by measurement in site
(Formula (27)):

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f gen,;en⋅ =
(
∑ Apa ⋅ α ⋅ ∆ϑ pa ) (27)
1000 ⋅ Pgen;del

The average water temperature in the boiler at actual conditions shall be about 70 °C but higher than
60 °C.
Heat transfer coefficient α for radiation and convection at horizontal and vertical area is shown in
Figure A.1 or B.1
5.7.6 Thermal losses through the chimney with the burner off fch;off

fch;off is the heat losses through the chimney when the burner is switched off at test conditions.
If no data are available, default values are given in Table A.11 and Table B.11.
5.8 Boiler rated output

8
The rated output Pn of boilers to be installed in newly erected buildings is calculated as follows:

-0
12
Firstly, the rated output of the boiler and the required maximum output for all connected loads

6-
(consumers) are determined. Depending on the extent to which requirements need to be met

01
simultaneously, the boiler rated output Pn shall be determined either from the largest individual output

2
or by adding together the simultaneous requirements according to Formula (28). The value of Pn for
st
m
space heating generation is obtained as follows:
ko
en

(
Pn = f add ⋅ max ∑ Pn;coincidential , Ppreference ) (28)
je
bi
ie

Where fadd is an additional factor (see Table A.15 or B.15).

at
m

The rated output Pn for heating system is calculated according to Formula (29):
r
fo
in

Pn = Φ h,max (29)
de
or

If there is no other information then Formula (30) applies

vo

Pint
= 0,3 ⋅ Pn (30)
T
EP
C

6 Generation sub-system basic energy balance

N
O
C

6.1 Heat balance

The heat balance of the generation sub-system includes the control of heating generation.
The whole chapter describes the calculation for the heating system. If the boiler serves for others as
cooling, ventilation or domestic hot water, the calculation will be the same.
6.2 Expenditure factor

For making the efficiency demonstrative an expenditure factor is calculated for all services using
Formula (31):
Q gen;out
ε gen = (31)
E gen;in

To get an information to each service the expenditure factor is calculated

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for heating using Formula (32)

Q H ; gen;out
ε H ; gen = (32)
E H ; gen;in

for other using Formula (33)

Q XY ; gen;out
ε XY ; gen = (33)
E XY ; gen;in

Index XY stands for cooling C, ventilation V and/or DHW W.

6.3 equation equationFuel heat input

The basic energy balance of the generation sub-system is calculated with Formula (34)
E gen;in = Q gen;out − Q gen;aux;rvd + Q gen;ls − Q gen;ren (34)

8
-0
12
For boiler Qgen:ren is normaly zero.

6-
6.4 Generator auxiliary energy

2 01
st
The total generation auxiliary energy is equal to the sum of boiler sub-system auxiliary energy during
m
heating operation and other services. It is calculated with Formula (35):
ko

∑WH;gen,i + ∑WXY;gen,j
en

Wgen
= (35)
je

i j
bi
ie
at

Index XY stands for cooling C, ventilation V and/or DHW W.

m

6.5 Generator losses

r
fo
in

6.5.1 Generator loss

de
or

The generator losses are added to each other, they are calculated with Formula (36)
vo

Q gen;ls Q H;gen;ls + ∑ Q XY ; gen;ls + QW ;S ;ls

=
T

(36)
EP
C

Index XY stands for cooling C, ventilation V and/or DHW W.

N
O

QW ;S ;ls = storage losses (see Formula 70)

C

6.5.2 Generator thermal loss at specific load ratio βH;gen and power output PPx

The actual load ratio βH;gen of each boiler is calculated in chapter 6.10.
If 0 ≤ βH;gen ≤ βPint the generator thermal loss PH;gen;ls;Px is calculated with Formula (37):
β H;gen
PH;gen;ls;Px =⋅(PH;gen;ls;Pint;corr − PH;gen;ls;P0;corr ) + PH;gen;ls;P0;corr (37)
β Pint

If βPint < βH;gen ≤ 1 the generator thermal loss PH;gen;ls;Px is calculated with Formula (38):
β H;gen − β Pint
PH;gen;ls;Px = ⋅ (PH;gen;ls;Pn;corr − PH;gen;ls;Pint;corr ) + PH;gen;ls;Pint;corr (38)
β Pn − β Pint

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The boiler thermal loss QH;gen:ls during the considered time of operation of the boiler for heating is
calculated with Formula (39):
Q H;gen;ls PH;gen;ls;Px ⋅ t H;use
= (39)

6.5.3 Generator thermal loss calculation at full load

If there is a trace band instead of circulation for DHW, the efficiency of the boiler has to be corrected
instead of Formula (40):
η gen;Pn;traceband
= η gen;Pn + f corr;Pn ⋅ (50 − ϑ Wc;mn ) (40)

Insert η gen;Pn;traceband instead of η gen;Pn;corr in Formula (43).

The efficiency at full load ηgen;Pn is measured at a reference generator average water temperature
ϑgen;test;Pn. This efficiency has to be adjusted to the actual generator average water temperature of the

8
individual installation.

-0
12
The temperature corrected efficiency at full load for non-condensing boilers ηgen;Pn;corr is calculated

6-
with Formula (41):

2 01
η gen;Pn;corr =η gen;Pn + f corr;Pn ⋅(ϑ gen;test;Pn − ϑHc;mn ) (41)
st
m
ko
The correction factor fcorr;Pn is described in Table A.4 and Table B.4 when there is not an additional test.
en

The generator efficiency at full load of condensing boilers is tested at a boiler average return
je
bi

temperature of 60 °C and 30 °C.

ie
at

In that case the temperature corrected efficiency of condensing boilers at full load ηgen;Pn;corr is
m

calculated with Formula (42):

r
fo
in

η gen;Pn;60 −η gen;Pn;30
η gen;Pn;corr =
η gen;Pn;60 − ⋅ (ϑ gen;test;Pn;60 − ϑHc;RT ) (42)
de

ϑ gen;test ;Pn;60 − ϑ gen;test ;Pn;30

or
vo

In order to simplify the calculations, the efficiencies and heat losses determined at test conditions are
T

adjusted to the actual generator average water temperature.

EP
C

The corrected generator thermal loss at full load PH;gen;ls;Pn;corr is calculated with Formula (43):
N
O

(f Hs/Hi − η gen;Pn;corr )
C

PH;gen;ls;Pn;corr
= ⋅ Pn (43)
η gen;Pn;corr

6.5.4 Generator thermal loss calculation at intermediate load

The temperature corrected efficiency at intermediate load ηgen;Pint;corr is calculated with Formula (44):

η gen;Pint;corr =η gen;Pint + f corr;Pint ⋅(ϑ gen;test;Pint − ϑHc;mn ) (44)

The correction factor fcorr;Pn is described in Table A.5 and Table B.5 when there is not an additional test.
The corrected generator thermal loss at intermediate load PH;gen;ls;Pint;corr is calculated with
Formula (45):
(f Hs/Hi − η gen;Pint;corr )
PH;gen;ls;Pint;corr
= ⋅ Pint (45)
η gen;Pint;corr

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6.5.5 Generator thermal loss calculation at 0 % load

If there is an trace band instead of circulation for DHW the efficiency of the boiler has to be corrected
corresponding to Formula (40). Insert η gen;Pn;traceband instead of η gen;Pn in Formula (46).

The temperature corrected generator thermal loss at 0 % load PH;gen;ls;P0;corr is calculated with
Formula (46):
1,25
Pn ϑ − ϑ brm 
PH;gen;ls;P0;corr = ⋅ f gen;ls ;P 0 ⋅ f Hs /Hi ⋅ Hc;mn  (46)
η gen;Pn  ϑ gen;test;P0 − 20 
 

For ϑ gen;test ;P 0 see Table A.3 respective Table B.3

6.5.6 Correction factor by additional tests

Correction factor fcorr;Pn may be calculated using efficiency data from additional tests performed at a

8
-0
lower average water temperature, using Formula (47):

12
η Pn −η Pn;add

6-
f corr;Pn = (47)

01
ϑ gen;test;Pn;add − ϑ gen;test;Pn

2
st
m
Correction factor fcorr;Pint may be calculated using efficiency data from additional tests performed at a
ko

higher average water temperature, using Formula (48):

en
je

η Pint −η Pint;add
bi

f corr;Pint = (48)
ie

ϑ gen;test;Pint;add − ϑ gen;test;Pint
at
m

6.6 Recoverable thermal losses

r
fo
in

6.6.1 general
de
or

The total recoverable generation system thermal losses Qgen;ls;rbl are calculated with Formula (49):
vo
T

Q gen;ls;rbl = ∑ Q H;gen;ls;env;rbl + ∑ Q XY ; gen;ls ;env ;rbl + ∑ Q gen;aux;rbl (49)

EP
C

Index XY stands for cooling C, ventilation V and/or DHW W.

N
O

6.6.2 Generator thermal losses through the jacket (generator envelope)

C

The recoverable thermal losses through the jacket (generator envelope) QH;gen;ls;env;rbl are calculated
with Formula (50):
Q H;gen;ls;en⋅;rbl
= PH;gen;ls;P0;corr ⋅ (1 − f brm ) ⋅ f en⋅ ⋅ t H;use (50)

6.6.3 Recoverable thermal losses out of auxiliary energy

Default value of the part of the auxiliary energy transmitted to the distribution sub-system faux;rvd is
defined in chapter A.1.3 respective in chapter B.1.3.
The part of the auxiliary energy transmitted to the heated space faux;rbl is calculated with Formula (51):

f aux;rbl = 1 − f aux;rvd (51)

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The recovered auxiliary energy transmitted to the heating medium QH;gen;aux;rvd is calculated with
Formula (52):
Q H;gen;aux;r⋅d
= WH;gen ⋅ f aux;r⋅d (52)

The recoverable auxiliary energy transmitted to the heated space QH;gen;aux;rbl is calculated with
Formula (53):
Q H;gen;aux;rbl
= WH;gen ⋅ (1 − f brm ) ⋅ f aux;rbl (53)

6.7 Recovered auxiliary energy

The total recovered auxiliary energy Qgen; aux;rvd is calculated by:

Q gen;aux;rvd = ∑ Q H;gen;aux;rvd + ∑ Q XY ; gen;aux ;rvd (54)

8
Index XY stands for cooling C, ventilation V and/or DHW W.

-0
12
6.8 Auxiliary energy

6-
01
The average power of the auxiliary energy for each boiler PH;aux;Px is calculated by linear interpolation,

2
according to the boiler load βgen (calculated according to 6.10).
st
m
If no declared or measured data are available, default values are given in chapter 5.4.
ko
en

If 0 ≤ βH,gen ≤ βPint then PH;aux;Px is calculated with Formula (55):

je
bi

β (;gen
( )
ie

P(;aux;Px = ⋅ Paux;Pint − Paux;P0 + Paux ;P 0 (55)

at

β Pint
r m
fo

If βPint < βH;gen ≤ 1 then PH;aux;Px is calculated with Formula (56):

in
de

β (;gen − β Pint
P(;aux;Px
= ( )
⋅ Paux;Pn − Paux;Pint + Paux ;Pint (56)
or

1 − β Pint
vo
T
EP

The total auxiliary energy for a boiler is calculated with Formula (57):
C

WH;gen PH;aux;Px ⋅ t H;use

= (57)
N
O
C

6.9 Generator thermal output

The heat output from the boiler equals the sum of heat input to the connected distribution systems of
the different services:
Q gen;out =
f ctr ;ls ⋅ ∑QH;dis;in,i + ∑Q XY;dis;in,j (58)
i j

For f ctr ;ls see Table A.16 or B.16.

where
Index XY stands for cooling C, ventilation V and/or DHW W.

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6.10 Heating time and load factor

If there are more users – as domestic hot water, ventilation or cooling - than for heating the time for
heating will decrease. If there are other systems connected and run with different priorities the heating
time of each service during the heating period can be calculated with Formulae (59), (60), (61) and (62)
Q H ; gen;out
tH = ; (59)
Pn

QC ; gen;out
tC = ; (60)
Pn

QV ; gen;out
tV = ; (61)
Pn

8
QW ; gen;out

-0
tW = ; (62)

12
Pn

6-
01
If they are running parallel with the same priority the heating time can be calculated with

2
Formulae (63), (64), (65), (66) and (67)
st
m
Q H ; gen:out
ko

βH = ; (63)
en

Pn ⋅ t H
je
bi

QC ; gen;out
ie

βC = ; (64)
at

Pn ⋅ t C
rm
fo

QV ; gen;out
in

βV = ; (65)
de

Pn ⋅ t V
or
vo

QW ; gen;out
βW = ; (66)
T

Pn ⋅ t W
EP
C
N

t H ;op= t H ;use ⋅ β H − t C ;use ⋅ β C − t V ;use ⋅ β V − t W ;use ⋅ β W (67)

O
C

Pint
β Pint = (68)
Pn

6.11 Direct heated DHW heaters

6.11.1 Instantaneous electrical water heater

The thermal losses of instantaneous electrical water heaters will have negligible losses. There is no
auxiliary energy needed.
E gen
= ;in f tr ;ls ⋅ Q gen;out (69)

For f tr ;ls see Table A.17 or B.17 44Instantaneous gas water heater

Instantaneous gas water heater shall be calculated as low temperature combination boilers.

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FprEN 15316-4-1:2016 (E)

6.11.2 Gas-fired domestic storage water heaters

The thermal loss of a gas-fired domestic storage water heater is calculated in accordance with
Formula (70),
the assumption being made that the total heat that is emitted by the heater over a year is treated as a
loss.
ϑWc ;mn + 5 − ϑ brm
QW ;S ;ls
= ⋅ t W ;use ⋅ q B ;S (70)
45

The stand-by thermal loss qB,S from the storage water heater shall be measured in accordance with
EN 89 (with an average temperature difference between the storage water and the installation space of
45 K; see Annex B, chapter B.7). The thermal loss QW;S;ls from the storage water heater can be
determined on the basis of the stand-by thermal loss thus measured.Since heat generation takes place
within the storage heater, the related losses are to be calculated according Formula (74).

8
6.11.3 Boundary conditions for the default values

-0
12
If no data for storage capacities are available, then the storage volume can be approximated from:

6-
01
0,67 ⋅ Q w ;b;day ⋅ f N ⋅ 860

2
VS = (71)
(ϑWc ;mn − ϑk ) ⋅η s
st
m
ko

Here the efficiency factor fN is given calculated with Formula (72)

en
je

f N 1,85 ⋅ N −flat
0,42
bi

= (72)
ie
at
m

For all other buildings the efficiency factor fN can be specified by giving the frequency of occurrence, see
r
fo

Formula (73):
in
de

1
fN = (73)
t W ;use ;day ⋅ nSp
or
vo
T

If the stand-by thermal loss qB,S of the storage tank is not known (i.e. has not been measured in
EP

accordance with EN 89), it can be approximated using annex chapter A.7 or B.7
C
N

For a storage water heater that is direct-fired using gas, the loss that has to be taken into account is
O

calculated as for a boiler, the stand-by losses having been already taken into account in A.7 or B.7.
C

A generator efficiency η100 % of 84 % according to EN 89 shall be assumed.

Thus the thermal loss Qw;gen;ls is obtained from the boiler efficiency η100 % in the respective calculation
period:
Q W;gen;ls PW ; gen;100% ⋅ t W ;use , in kWh
= (74)

PW;gen;100%
=
( f (s/(i −η100% ) ⋅ QW ;gen;out , in kWh (75)
η 100% t W ;use

If no other data are available, the rated output can be assumed to be according to Formula (76):
Pn= 0,84 ⋅ ( 0,027 ⋅ V + 2,5) in kW (76)

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For simplification, the auxiliary energy requirement QW,gen,aux can be set at zero.
6.12 Method for domestic hot water appliance, tested with 24 h tapping cycles

Input data from the appliance test with one or more 24 h tapping cycles. In the last column, the
corresponding symbols in EN 13203-2 are listed. In case this method should allow the use of other,
comparable test results from (elder) national standards, the corresponding units need to be listed in a
national annex with the same structure as this Table 6.
Table 6 — Input data from DHW appliance test standard

Symbol in
Symbol Quantity Unit
EN 13203–2
is the daily energy need for domestic hot water,
Qw,b,d Module 3–4, 8–4
in kWh
is the total delivered daily energy for tapping Qtot(i)

8
QW;test;i cycle i (value from in EN 13203–2, Tables 2, 3, 4, kWh

-0
5 and 6).

12
6-
is the daily fuel consumption for tapping cycle i, Qgas;p(i)

01
EW;gen;in;test,i corrected for summer and winter (in EN 13203–2 kWh

2
calculated using NCV)
st
m
is the daily total auxiliary energy consumption for Eeleco(i)
ko

WW;gen;test,i tapping cycle i (in EN 13203–2 including standby kWh

en

use)
je
bi

is the daily fuel consumption for standby (in Qgas;stb

ie

EW;gen;in;test;stb kWh
at

EN 13203–2 calculated using NCV)

rm

is the daily consumption of auxiliary energy for Eeleco;stb

fo

WW;gen;test;stb kWh
in

standby
de
or

Test i is numbered according to increasing delivered daily energy.

vo

The calculation rules for the daily heat generation auxiliary energy for the DHW system, EW;gen;in, are
T

given below.
EP
C

If Qw;b;d > = Qw;test,i, with i the number of the highest available tapping cycle data, then:
N
O

(
E W , gen;in E W ; gen;in;test ,i × QW ;b;d / QW ;test ,i
= ) (77)
C

If Qw;test,i > = Qw;b;d > = Qw;test,i-1, with i and (i-1) the number of available tapping cycle data, then:

(Q −Q )
( ) (Q W ;b;d − QW ;test ,i −1 )
E W ; gen;in = E W ; gen;in;test ,i −1 + E W ; gen;in;test ,i − E W ; gen;in;test ,i −1 × (78)
W ;test ,i W ;test ,i −1

If Qw;test,i > = Qw;b;d with i the number of the lowest available tapping cycle data, then:
QW ;b;d
( )
E W ; gen;in = E W ; gen;in;test ;stb + E W ; gen;in;test ,i − E W ; gen;in;test ;stb ×
QW ;test ,i
(79)

The calculation rules for the daily heat generation auxiliary energy for DHW, WW,gen,, are given below.
If Qw;b;day > = Qw;test,i, with i the number of the highest available tapping cycle data, then:

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FprEN 15316-4-1:2016 (E)

(
WW ; gen WW ; gen;test ,i × QW ;b;d / QW ;test ,i
= ) (80)

If Qw;test,i > = Qw;b;d > = Qw;test,i-1, with i and (i-1) the number of available tapping cycle data, then:

(Q −Q )
( ) (Q W ;b;d − QW ;test ,i −1 )
WW ; gen = WW ; gen;test ,i −1 + WW ; gen;test ,i − WW ; gen;test ,i −1 × (81)
W ;test ,i W ;test ,i −1

If Qw;test,i > = Qw;b;d with i the number of the lowest available tapping cycle data, then:
QW ;b;d
( )
WW ; gen = WW ; gen;test ;stb + WW ; gen;test ,i − WW ; gen;test ;stb ×
QW ;test ,i
(82)

8
-0
12
6-
2 01
st
m
ko
en
je
bi
ie
at
m r
fo
in
de
or
vo
T
EP
C
N
O
C

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Annex A
(informative)

Additional formulas and default values for parametering the boiler

efficiency method

A.1 Information on the method

A.1.1 Generator efficiencies and stand-by losses

Table A.1 — Parameters for calculation of generator efficiency and temperature limitation
Boiler type Build Factor c1 Factor c2 Factor c3 Factor c4 ϑgen;test;Pn ϑgen;test;Pint
year

8
°C °C

-0
12
generator type: Standard boilers:

6-
70 50

01
Multi-fuel

2
boiler 70 50
st
m
Atmospheric
ko

solid fuel 70 70
en

boiler (fossil
je

and biomass 70 70
bi
ie

fuel) 70 70
at
m

70 50
r
fo

70 50
in

atmospheric
de

gas boiler 70 50
or
vo

70 70
T
EP

Fan-assisted 70 70
C

boiler (fossil 70 70
N

and biomass
O
C

fuel) 70 70
Burner
replacement
(only fan- 70 50
assisted
boilers) 70 50
generator type: Low temperature boilers:
atmospheric 70 40
gas boiler 70 40
Circulation
water heater 70 40
(11 kW
18 kW and
24 kW) 70 40

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FprEN 15316-4-1:2016 (E)

Boiler type Build Factor c1 Factor c2 Factor c3 Factor c4 ϑgen;test;Pn ϑgen;test;Pint

year °C °C
Combiboiler
with DHW
storage
2 < V < 10l 70 40
Combiboiler
with
instantaneous
DHW heater 70 40

70 40
70 40
Fan-assisted
boiler 70 40

8
-0
Burner

12
replacement

6-
(only fan-
70 40

01
assisted

2
boilers) 70 40
st
m
generator type: Condensing boiler (oil/gas)
ko

60b 30b
en
je

60b 30b
bi

b
ie
at
m

Condensing 30b
r
fo

boiler 60b 30b

in
de

30b
or

Condensing
vo

boiler,
T

improveda
EP

from 1999 oil/gas 60b 30b

C

Oil 30b
N
O

gas 30b
C

a If standard values for “condensing boilers improved” are used for the calculation, the product value for the
boiler installed shall exhibit the above given efficiency.
b For condensing boilers testing applies at a return temperature of 60 °C respectively 30 °C

Table A.2 — Parameters for calculation of boiler efficiency and temperature limitation based on
EN 303–5
Boiler type c1 c2 c3 c4 ϑgen;test;Pn ϑgen;test;Pint
°C °C
Class 3 67 6 67 6 70 70
Class 4 80 2 80 2 70 70
Class 5 87 1 87 1 70 70

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Table A.3 — Parameters for calculation of stand-by heat losses

Boiler type Build Factor c5 Factor c6 ϑgen;test;P0
year °C
generator type: Standard boilers:
Multi-fuel boilers
70

70

Atmospheric solid fuel boiler 70

(fossil and biomass fuel) 70

70

8
-0
70

12
atmospheric gas boilers 70

6-
01
70

2
st
m
Fan-assisted boilers (fossil 70
ko

and biomass fuel) 70

en
je

Biomass boilers 70
bi

generator type: Low temperature boilers:

ie
at

atmospheric gas boilers

m

70
r
fo

70
in
de

Circulation water heaters

(combination boilers 11 kW,
or
vo

18 kW and 24 kW) 70
T

Combination boilers KSpb 70

EP

Combination boilers DLa 70

C
N
O

70
C

Fan-assisted boilers (oil/gas) 70

generator type: Condensing boilers (oil/gas)
Condensing boilers (oil/gas)
70
70
Combination boilers KSpb
(11 kW, 18 kW and 24 kW) 70
Combination boilers DLa
(11 kW, 18 kW and 24 kW) 70
a DL: Boiler with integrated domestic water heating working on the
instantaneous principle with heat exchanger (V < 2 l).
b KSp: Boiler with integrated domestic water heating working on the

istantaneous principle with small storage tank (2 < V < 10 l).

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Table A.4 — Default values for full load correction factor fcorr;Pn

Boiler average water temperature Correction

Generator type at boiler test conditions for full load factor
ϑgen;test;Pn fcorr;Pn
Solid fuel boiler (fossil and biomass fuel)
Standard boiler 70 °C %/°C
Oil/gas boiler
Standard boiler 70 °C %/°C
Low temperature boiler 70 °C %/°C
Gas condensing boiler 70 °C %/°C
Oil Condensing boiler 70 °C %/°C

8
-0
Table A.5 — Intermediate load correction factor fcorr;Pint

12
6-
Generator average water

01
temperature
Correction factor

2
Generator type at boiler test conditions for
st
fcorr;Pint
intermediate load m
ko
ϑgen;test;Pint
en

Solid fuel boiler (fossil and biomass fuel)

je
bi

Standard boiler 70 °C %/°C

ie
at

Oil/gas boiler
rm
fo

Standard boiler 50 °C %/°C

in

Low temperature boiler 40 °C %/°C

de
or

Gas condensing boiler 30 °C a %/°C

vo

Oil Condensing boiler 30 °C a %/°C

T
EP

a Return temperature
C
N
O

For a condensing boiler, testing is not made with a defined generator average water temperature
C

(average of the supply and return temperature), but with a return temperature of 30 °C. The efficiency
corresponding to this return temperature can be applied for the generator average water temperature
of 35 °C.

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A.1.2 Auxiliary energy

Table A.6 — Parameters for calculation of power consumption of auxiliary equipment

boiler typ load c7 c8 n

W W
since 1994
Pn
heating boiler with forced draught
Pint
burner a(fossil and biomass fuel)
P0
Pn
atmospheric gas boiler and solid
fuel boiler (fossil and biomass fuel) Pint
up to 250 kW

8
P0

-0
12
Pn

6-
atmospheric gas boiler with more

01
Pint
than 250 kW

2
P0
st
m
Pn
ko

automaticaly-fed pellet central

en

Pint
boiler a), system with buffer tank
je
bi

P0
ie
at

Pn
automaticaly-fed wood chips
rm

central boiler a, system with buffer Pint

fo
in

tank
P0
de

all other boilers

or
vo

Generator type: standard boiler

T
EP

Pn
C

Pint
N

multi fuel boiler

O
C

P0
Pn
Solid fuel boiler (fossil and biomass
Pint
fuel)
P0
Pn
atmospheric gas boiler Pint
P0
Pn
heating boiler with forced draught
Pint
burner (oil/gas)
P0

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Generator type: low temperature boiler

Pn
atmospheric gas boiler Pint
P0
Pn
Circulation water heaters Pint
P0
Pn
heating boiler with forced draught
Pint
burner (oil/gas)
P0
Generator type: condensing boiler (oil/gas)

8
-0
Pn

12
6-
condensing boiler (oil/gas) Pint

2 01
P0
st
m
aIf there is a forced draught ventilator assisting the burner than the values Paux,Pn;
ko

Paux,Pint increase by 40 %.
en
je

A.1.3 Recoverable generation thermal losses and boiler location

bi
ie
at

Table A.7 — Part of stand-by heat losses attributed to losses through the generator envelope
rm
fo

Burner type fgen;env

in
de

Atmospheric boiler
or

Fan assisted boiler

vo

Table A.8 — Temperature reduction factor and default installation room temperature
T
EP

Temperature Installation room

C
N

Generator location reduction factor fbrm temperature ϑbrm

O

- °C
C

Outdoors (for room independent θe

boiler)
In the boiler room
Under roof
Inside heated space

A default value of the part of the auxiliary energy transmitted to the distribution sub-system faux;rvd is
to define.

A.2 Conversion of the energy content of energy carriers

Factors for converting the energy content of energy carriers are specified in Table A.9.

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Table A.9 — Conversion factors, as a function of energy carriers

Ratio of gross calorific value

to net calorific value
Energy carrier Hs/Hi
Conversion factor for
delivered energy) f Hs/Hi

Fuel oil
Natural gas
Liquid petroleum gas
Fuels
Anthracite coal
Lignite coal

8
Wood

-0
12
Fossil fuels

6-
Area/district heating by CHPa

01
Renewable fuels

2
Fossil fuels
st
Area/district heating by heating m
power plants Renewable fuels
ko
en

Electricity Electrical power source mix

je
bi

a These values are typical for average area heating/district heating systems with a 70 % contribution by CHP
ie

plants.
at
rm
fo

A.3 Deviation from default values

in
de

The above values need not to be used if the real net and gross calorific values of fuels are known. The
or

factor fHs/Hi is then the ratio of gross calorific value to net calorific value.
vo
T

A.4 Fuel constants for flue gas measurement depending on Siegert constants
EP
C
N

Table A.10 — Fuel constants for flue gas measurement depending on Siegert constants
O
C

Table A.10a — fuel constant for natural fuel

Fuel constant natural gas LPG light oil EL heavy fuel oil town gas
c10
c11

Table A.10b — fuel constant for black coal

moisture content 0% 5% 10 % 15 % 20 %
c10
c11

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Table A.10c — fuel constant for brown coal

moisture content 0% 10 % 20 % 30 % 40 %
c10
c11

Table A.10d — fuel constant for biomass

moisture content 0% 10 % 20 % 30 % 40 % 50 %
c10
c11

If there are no information about moisture content of the used combustible material than the following
factors have to be used.

8
Table A.10.e — calculation factors for commercially available combustible materials

-0
12
comustible moisture

6-
c10 c11

01
material content

2
split logs
st
m
wood pellets
ko
en

wood chips, dry

je
bi

wood chips, moist

ie
at

braun coal
rm

black coal/ koks

fo
in
de
or
vo
T
EP
C
N
O
C

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8
-0
12
6-
2 01
st
Key m
Y α in Wh/(mText 2 K)
ko
en

X ϑenv in °C
je
bi

Figure A.1 — Heat transfer coefficient a for radiation and convection at horizontal and vertical
ie
at

area at ambient temperature ϑbrm = 20 °C depending on the average envelop temperature ϑenv
rm
fo

A.5 Default values for calculation of thermal losses through the chimney with the
in

burner off
de
or

The specifications of the gasvolumes based on ISO 8778.

vo
T

Table A.11 — Default value of fch;off

EP
C

fch;off
N

Description
O

%
C

Biomass, liquid fuel or gas fired boiler with the fan before the
combustion chamber and automatic closure of air intake
with burner off:
Premixed burners
Wall mounted, gas fired boiler with fan and wall flue gas
exhaust
Biomass, liquid fuel or gas fired boiler with the fan before the
combustion chamber and no closure of air intake with
burner off:
Chimney height ≤ 10 m
Chimney height > 10 m

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A.6 Additional default data and calculation for condensing boilers

Table A.12 — Saturation humidity as a function of temperature at 1,01325 bar and 0 °C

Temperature
°C 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
(ϑair or ϑfg)

Saturation
humiditya
mH2O;air;sat or kg/m3dry 0,00493 0,00986 0,01912 0,03521 0,06331 0,1112 0,1975 0,3596
mH2O;fg;sat
a Saturation humidity is expressed as kg of water vapour per m3 of dry gas (either air or flue gas).

Table A.13 — Default fuel data for condensation heat recovery calculation at 1,01325 bar and
0 °C

8
Table A.13a — Natural gas, propane, butane, light oil EL

-0
12
Fuel

6-
01
Natural

2
gasa)
st
m
Property Symbol Unit (H) (L) Propaneb) Butaneb) Light oil EL
ko
en

Unit mass of fuel 1 m3 1 kg

je
bi

Gross calorific kWh/kg

ie
at

value Hs or kWh/m3 kWh/kg

m
r
fo

kWh/m3
in

Net calorific kWh/kg

de
or

value Hi or kWh/m3 kJWh/kg

vo

kWh/m3
T
EP

Stoichiometric m3/kg
C

Vair;st;dry or m3/m
N

dry air m3/m3 m3/kg

O
C

m3/kg
Stoichiometric
Vfg;st;dry or
dry flue gas
m3/m3 m3/m3 m3/kg
mH2O;st kg/kg
Stoichiometric
water or kg/m3 kg/kg
production
kg/m3

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Table A.13b — Pellets, woodchips, loggs

Fuel
Property Symbol Unit
pellets woodchips loggs
Unit mass of fuel 1 kg 1 kg 1 kg 1 kg
Gross calorific value Hs kJ/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg
Net calorific value Hi kJ/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg
Stoichiometric dry air Vair;st;dry m3/kg m3/kg m3/kg m3/kg m3/kg

Tables A.14 — Default values for the calculation of Qcond

Description Symbol Unit Case Value

8
Combustion air relative humidity xair % All cases

-0
12
Flue gas relative humidity xfg % All cases

6-
01
Flue gas oxygen contents at maximum
XO2;fg;dry - All cases

2
combustion power
st
m
ko
A.7 Additional default data for generator output and losses
en
je

Tables A.15 — Default values for additional factor fadd

bi
ie

New system
at
m

Existing system
r
fo
in

Tables A.16 — Default values for control factor fctr;ls

de
or

Boiler type Control type fctr;ls

vo

Outdoor temperature
T

Floor standing boiler

EP

controlled
C

Outdoor temperature
N
O

Wall hanged boiler controlled

C

Room temperature controlled

A.8 Additional default data and calculation for water heaters

Tables A.17 — Default values for Instantaneous electrical water heater

Description Symbol Unit Value

Befor 1980 ftr;ls -
Since 1980 ftr;ls -

storage tank efficiency ηs and stand-by thermal loss qB,S of the gas-fired domestic storage water heaters

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FprEN 15316-4-1:2016 (E)

Annex B
(informative)

Additional formulas and default values for parametering the boiler

efficiency method

B.1 Information on the method

B.1.1 Generator efficiencies and stand-by losses

Table B.1 — Parameters for calculation of generator efficiency and temperature limitation

Boiler type Build Factor c1 Factor c2 Factor c3 Factor c4 ϑgen;test;Pn ϑgen;test;Pint

year

8
°C °C

-0
12
generator type: Standard boilers:

6-
01
before

2
1978 77,0 2,0 70,0 3,0 70 50

st
Multi-fuel m
boiler 1978
ko
to
en

1987 79,0 2,0 74,0 3,0 70 50

je

before
bi
ie

1978 78,0 2,0 72,0 3,0 70 70

at

1978
m

Atmospheric
r

to
fo

solid fuel
1994 80,0 2,0 75,0 3,0 70 70
in

boiler (fossil
de

and biomass after

fuel) 1994 81,0 2,0 77,0 3,0 70 70
or
vo

before
T

1978 79,5 2,0 76,0 3,0 70 50

EP

1978
C
N

to
O

1994 82,5 2,0 78,0 3,0 70 50

C

atmospheric after
gas boiler 1994 85,0 2,0 81,5 3,0 70 50
before
1978 80,0 2,0 75,0 3,0 70 70
1978
Fan-assisted to
boiler (fossil 1986 82,0 2,0 77,5 3,0 70 70
and biomass 1987
fuel) to
1994 84,0 2,0 80,0 3,0 70 70
after
1994 85,0 2,0 81,5 3,0 70 70

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Boiler type Build Factor c1 Factor c2 Factor c3 Factor c4 ϑgen;test;Pn ϑgen;test;Pint

year
°C °C
before
Burner 1978 82,5 2,0 78,0 3,0 70 50
replacement
(only fan- 1978
assisted to
boilers) 1994 84,0 2,0 80,0 3,0 70 50
generator type: Low temperature boilers:
1978
to
atmospheric 1994 85,5 1,5 86,0 1,5 70 40
gas boiler
after
1994 88,5 1,5 89,0 1,5 70 40

8
Circulation before

-0
water heater 1987 84,0 1,5 82,0 1,5 70 40

12
6-
(11 kW 1987

01
18 kW and to

2
24 kW) 1994 86,0 1,5 82,0 1,5 70 40

st
Combination
m
ko
boilers DLc
en

(11 kW After
je

18 kW and 1994
bi

24 kW) 86,0 1,5 82,0 1,5 70 40

ie
at

Combination
m

boilers KSpd
r
fo

(11 kW After
in

18 kW and 1994
de

24 kW) 86,0 1,5 82,0 1,5 70 40

or

before
vo

1987 84,0 1,5 82,0 1,5 70 40

T
EP

1987
Fan-assisted
C

to
boiler
N

1994 86,0 1,5 86,0 1,5 70 40

O
C

after
1994 88,5 1,5 89,0 1,5 70 40

Burner before
replacement 1987 86,0 1,5 85,0 1,5 70 40
(only fan- 1987
assisted to
boilers) 1994 86,0 1,5 86,0 1,5 70 40

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Boiler type Build Factor c1 Factor c2 Factor c3 Factor c4 ϑgen;test;Pn ϑgen;test;Pint

year
°C °C
generator type: Condensing boiler (oil/gas)
before
1987 89,0 1,0 95,0 1,0 60b 30b
1987
Condensing to
boiler 1994 91,0 1,0 97,5 1,0 60b 30b
92,0 1,0 30b
after
1994 92,0 1,0 98,0 1,0 60b 30b
93,0 1,0 30b

8
Condensing

-0
boiler,

12
improveda

6-
from 1999 oil/gas 94,0 1,0 103 1,0 60b 30b

01
2
st
Oil 102,0 0,3 m 30b
ko

gas 102,0 1,0 30b

en
je

a If standard values for “condensing boilers improved” are used for the calculation, the product value for the
bi

boiler installed shall exhibit the above given efficiency.

ie
at

b For condensing boilers testing applies at a return temperature of 60 °C respectively 30 °C

m

c DL: Boiler with integrated domestic water heating working on the instantaneous principle with heat exchanger
r
fo

(V < 2 l).
in

d KSp: Boiler with integrated domestic water heating working on the istantaneous principle with small storage
de

tank (2 < V < 10 l).

or
vo

Table B.2 — Parameters for calculation of boiler efficiency and temperature limitation based on
EN 303–5
T
EP

Boiler type c1 c2 c3 c4 ϑgen;test;Pn ϑgen;test;Pint

C
N
O

°C °C
C

Class 3 67 6 67 6 70 70
Class 4 80 2 80 2 70 70
Class 5 87 1 87 1 70 70

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Table B.3 — Parameters for calculation of stand-by heat losses

Boiler type Build year Factor c5 Factor c6 ϑgen;test;P0

°C
generator type: Standard boilers:
Multi-fuel boilers before 1987 12,5 –0,28 70
Atmospheric solid before 1978 12,5 –0,28 70
fuel boiler (fossil 1978 to 1994 10,5 –0,28 70
and biomass fuel) after 1994 8,0 –0,28 70
before 1978 8,0 –0,27 70
atmospheric gas
1978 to 1994 7,0 –0,3 70
boilers
after 1994 8,5 –0,4 70
before 1978 9,0 –0,28 70

8
Fan-assisted boilers

-0
(fossil and biomass 1978 to 1994 7,5 –0,31 70

12
fuel)

6-
after 1994 8,5 –0,4 70

01
Biomass boilers after 1994 14 –0,28 70

2
st
generator type: Low temperature boilers:
m
ko
atmospheric gas before 1994 6,0 –0,32 70
en

boilers after 1994 6,1 –0,4 70

je
bi

Circulation water
ie

heaters
at
m

(combination
r
fo

boilers 11 kW,
in

18 kW and 24 kW) before 1994 2,2 0 70

de

Combination boilers
or

KSpb after 1994 2,2 0 70

vo

Combination boilers
T
EP

DLa after 1994 1,2 0 70

C

Fan-assisted boilers before 1994 7,0 –0,37 70

N
O

(oil/gas) after 1994 4,25 –0,4 70

C

generator type: Condensing boilers (oil/gas)

Condensing boilers before 1994 7,0 –0,37 70
(oil/gas) after 1994 4,0 –0,4 70
Combination boilers
KSpb (11 kW, 18 kW
and 24 kW) after 1994 2,2 0 70
Combination boilers
DLa (11 kW, 18 kW
and 24 kW) after 1994 1,2 0 70
a DL: Boiler with integrated domestic water heating working on the instantaneous principle
with heat exchanger (V < 2 l).
b KSp: Boiler with integrated domestic water heating working on the istantaneous principle with

small storage tank (2 < V < 10 l).

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Table B.4 — Default values for full load correction factor fcorr;Pn

Boiler average water temperature Correction

Generator type at boiler test conditions for full load factor
ϑgen;test;Pn fcorr;Pn
Solid fuel boiler (fossil and biomass fuel)
Standard boiler 70 °C 0,0 %/°C
Oil/gas boiler
Standard boiler 70 °C 0,0 %/°C
Low temperature boiler 70 °C 0,04 %/°C
Gas condensing boiler 70 °C 0,20 %/°C
Oil Condensing boiler 70 °C 0,04 %/°C

8
-0
Table B.5 — Intermediate load correction factor fcorr;Pin

12
6-
Generator average water

01
temperature

2
Correction factor
Generator type at boiler test conditions for
st fcorr;Pint
m
intermediate load
ko

ϑgen;test;Pint
en
je

Solid fuel boiler (fossil and biomass fuel)

bi
ie

Standard boiler 70 °C 0,04 %/°C

at
m

Oil/gas boiler
r
fo

Standard boiler 50 °C 0,04 %/°C

in
de

Low temperature boiler 40 °C 0,04 %/°C

or

Gas condensing boiler 30 °C a 0,20 %/°C

vo

Oil Condensing boiler 30 °C a 0,10 %/°C

T
EP

a Return temperature
C
N
O

For a condensing boiler, testing is not made with a defined generator average water temperature
C

(average of the supply and return temperature), but with a return temperature of 30 °C. The efficiency
corresponding to this return temperature can be applied for the generator average water temperature
of 35 °C.

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B.1.2 Auxiliary energy

Table B.6 — Parameters for calculation of power consumption of auxiliary equipment

boiler typ load c7 c8 n
W W
since 1994
P 0 45 0,48
heating boiler with forced n
draught burner (fossil and Pint
a 0 15 0,48
biomass fuel)
P0 15 0 0
atmospheric gas boiler and Pn 40 0,35 1
solid fuel boiler (fossil and
Pint 20 0,1 1
biomass fuel) up to
250 kW P0 15 0 0

8
Pn 80 0,7 1

-0
atmospheric gas boiler with

12
Pint 40 0,2 1
more than 250 kW

6-
P0 15 0 0

201
P 40 2 1
automatically-fed pellet n
central boiler , system with Pint
st
40 1,8 1
a m
ko
buffer tank
P0 15 0 0
en

Pn 60 2,6 1
je

automatically-fed wood
bi

chips central boiler a, system Pint 70 2,2 1

ie

with buffer tank

at

P0 15 0 0
m
r

all other boilers

fo
in

Generator type: standard boiler

de

Pn 0 45 0,48
or
vo

multi fuel boiler Pint 0 15 0,48

T

P0 20b 0 0
EP

Pn 15b 0 0
C
N

Solid fuel boiler (fossil and

Pint 15b 0 0
O

biomass fuel)
C

P0 15b 0 0
Pn 40 0,148 1
atmospheric gas boiler Pint 40 0,148 1
P0 15b 0 0
Pn 0 45 0,48
heating boiler with forced
Pint 0 15 0,48
draught burner (oil/gas)
P0 15b 0 0
Generator type: low temperature boiler
Pn 40 0,148 1
atmospheric gas boiler Pint 40 0,148 1
P0 15b 0 0

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boiler typ load c7 c8 n

W W
Pn 0 45 0,48
Circulation water heaters Pint 0 15 0,48
P0 15b 0 0
Pn 0 45 0,48
heating boiler with forced
Pint 0 15 0,48
draught burner (oil/gas)
P0 15b 0 0
Generator type: condensing boiler (oil/gas)
Pn 0 45 0,48
condensing boiler
Pint 0 15 0,48
(oil/gas)
P0 15b 0 0

8
-0
12
a If there is a forced draught ventilator assisting the burner than the
values Paux, Pn; Paux, Pint increase by 40 %.

6-
01
b If an electronic controller is used, otherwise P
aux, P0 = 0.

2
B.1.3 Recoverable generation thermal losses and boiler location st
m
ko
en

The part of stand-by heat losses attributed to heat losses through the generator envelope is given by
je

fgen;env. Default values of fgen;env are given in Table A.7.

bi
ie

Table B.7 — Part of stand-by heat losses attributed to losses through the generator envelope
at
m

Burner type fgen;env

r
fo
in

Atmospheric boiler 0,50

de

Fan assisted boiler 0,75

or
vo

Table B.8 — Temperature reduction factor and default installation room temperature
T
EP

Temperature Installation room

C

Generator location reduction factor fbrm temperature ϑbrm

N

- °C
O
C

Outdoors (for room independent 1 θe

boiler)
In the boiler room 0,3 13
Under roof 0,2 5
Inside heated space 0,0 20

Default value of the part of the auxiliary energy transmitted to the distribution sub-system faux;rvd is
0,75.

B.2 Conversion of the energy content of energy carriers

Factors for converting the energy content of energy carriers are specified in Table B.9

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Table B.9 — Conversion factors, as a function of energy carriers

Ratio of gross calorific value

to net calorific value
Energy carrier Hs/Hi
Conversion factor for
delivered energy) f Hs/Hi

Fuel oil 1,06

Natural gas 1,11
Liquid petroleum gas 1,09
Fuels
Anthracite coal 1,04
Lignite coal 1,07

8
Wood 1,08

-0
12
Fossil fuels 1,00

6-
Area/district heating by CHPa

01
Renewable fuels 1,00

2
Fossil fuels 1,00
st
Area/district heating by heating m
power plants Renewable fuels 1,00
ko
en

Electricity Electrical power source mix 1,00

je
bi

a These values are typical for average area heating/district heating systems with a 70 % contribution by CHP
ie

plants.
at
rm

B.3 Deviation from default values

fo
in
de

The above values need not to be used if the real net and gross calorific values of fuels are known. The
or

factor fHs/Hi is then the ratio of gross calorific value to net calorific value.
vo
T

B.4 Fuel constants for flue gas measurement depending on Siegert constants
EP
C

Table B.10 — Fuel constants for flue gas measurement depending on Siegert constants
N
O

Table B.10a — fuel constant for natural fuel

C

Fuel constant natural gas LPG light oil EL heavy fuel oil town gas
c10 0,66 0,63 0,68 0,68 0,63
c11 0,009 0,008 0,007 0,007 0,011

Table B.10b — fuel constant for black coal

moisture content 0% 5% 10 % 15 % 20 %
c10 0,6901 0,6932 0,6967 0,7006 0,7050
c11 0,0054 0,0057 0,0061 0,0065 0,0069

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Table B.10c — fuel constant for brown coal

moisture content 0% 10 % 20 % 30 % 40 %
c10 0,6717 0,6809 0,6838 0,7070 0,7281
c11 0,0073 0,0084 0,0097 0,0115 0,0140

Table B.10d — fuel constant for biomass

moisture content 0% 10 % 20 % 30 % 40 % 50 %
c10 0,6572 0,6682 0,6824 0,7017 0,7290 0,0771
c11 0,0083 0,0107 0,0125 0,0149 0,0183 0,0235

If there are no information about moisture content of the used combustible material than the following
factors have to be used.

8
-0
Table B.10e — calculation factors for commercially available combustible materials

12
6-
combustible moisture

01
c10 c11
material content

2
split logs 15 % 0,6753
st 0,0116
m
ko

wood pellets 8% 0,6660 0,0102

en

wood chips, dry 25 % 0,6921 0,0137

je
bi

wood chips, moist 40 % 0,7290 0,0183

ie
at
m

braun coal 20 % 0,6936 0,0097

r
fo

black coal/ koks 5% 0,6932 0,0057

in
de
or
vo
T
EP
C
N
O
C

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8
-0
12
6-
2 01
st
Key m
Y α in W/(mText 2 K)
ko
en

X ϑenv in °C
je
bi

Figure B.1 — heat transfer coefficient a for radiation and convection at horizontal and vertical
ie
at

area at ambient temperature ϑbrm = 20 °C depending on the average envelop temperature ϑenv
m
r
fo

B.5 Default values for calculation of thermal losses through the chimney with the
in

burner off
de
or

Default values for fch;off see Table B.11.

vo
T

Table B.11 — Default value of fch;off

EP
C

fch;off
N

Description
O

%
C

Biomass, liquid fuel or gas fired boiler with the fan before the 0,2
combustion chamber and automatic closure of air intake 0,2
with burner off:
Premixed burners
Wall mounted, gas fired boiler with fan and wall flue gas 0,4
exhaust
Biomass, liquid fuel or gas fired boiler with the fan before the 1,0
combustion chamber and no closure of air intake with 1,2
burner off:
Chimney height ≤ 10 m
Chimney height > 10 m

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B.6 Additional default data and calculation for condensing boilers

The specifications of the gasvolumes based on ISO 8778.
Saturation humidity as a function of temperature according Table B.12.
Table B.12 — Saturation humidity as a function of temperature at 1,01325 bar and 0 °C

Temperature
°C 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
(ϑair or ϑfg)
Saturation
humidity
kg/m3dry 0,00493 0,00986 0,01912 0,03521 0,06331 0,1112 0,1975 0,3596
mH2O;air;sat or
mH2O;fg;sat
NOTE Saturation humidity is expressed as kg of water vapour per m3 of dry gas (either air or flue gas).

8
Default fuel data for condensation heat recovery calculation according Table B.13.

-0
12
Table B.13 — Default fuel data for condensation heat recovery calculation at 1,01325 bar and

6-
0 °C

01
Table B.13a — Natural gas, propane, butane, light oil EL

2
st
m
Fuel
ko
en

Natural gasa)
je

Property Symbol Unit (H) (L) Propaneb) Butaneb) Light oil EL

bi
ie
at

Unit mass of fuel 1 m3 1 kg

m
r
fo

kWh/kg 11,32 10,05 28,11 37,21 12,60

in

Gross calorific
Hs
de

or kWh/m3 kWh/kg
value
or

kWh/m3
vo

Net calorific kWh/kg

T

value 10,22 9,07 25,88 34,36 11,89

EP

Hi
C

or kWh/m3 kJWh/kg
N
O

kWh/m3
C

m3/kg or 9,79 8,69 24,36 32,08 11,23

Stoichiometric
Vair;st;dry m3/m
dry air
m3/m3 m3/kg
m3/kg or 8,80 7,92 22,30 29,68 10,49
Stoichiometric
Vfg;st;dry m3/m3
dry flue gas
m3/m3 m3/kg
mH2O;st kg/kg 1,47 1,30 2,94 3,75 1,18
Stoichiometric
water or kg/m3 kg/kg
production
kg/m3
a) yearly avarage values of gas grid out of “open-grid-europe”
b) TRF 2012

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Table B.13b — Pellets, woodchips, logs

Fuel
Property Symbol Unit
pellets woodchips logs
Unit mass of fuel 1 kg 1 kg 1 kg 1 kg
Gross calorific kJ/kg
Hs 19,660 20,380 18,850
value
Net calorific kJ/kg
value (waterless Hi 18,360 19,080 17,280
fuel)
Stoichiometric m3/kg
Vair;st;dry 4,59 4,8 4,32
dry air

8
Default values for the calculation of Qcond see Table B.14.

-0
12
Table B.14 — Default values for the calculation of Qcond

6-
01
Description Symbol Unit Case Value

2
Combustion air relative humidity xair
st % All cases 50
m
ko

Flue gas relative humidity xfg % All cases 100

en
je

Flue gas oxygen contents at maximum

XO2;fg;dry - All cases 6
bi

combustion power
ie
at
m

B.7 Additional default data for generator output and losses

r
fo
in

Table B.15 — Default values for additional factor fadd

de
or

New system fadd = 1,1

vo

Existing system fadd = 1,5

T
EP

Table B.16 — Default values for control factor fctr;ls

C
N

Boiler type Control type fctr;ls

O
C

Floor standing boiler Outdoor temperature controlled 1,00

Outdoor temperature controlled 1,03
Wall hanged boiler
Room temperature controlled 1,06

B.8 Additional default data and calculation for water heaters

Table B.17 — Default values for Instantaneous electrical water heater

Description Symbol Unit Value

Before 1980 ftr;ls - 1,1
Since 1980 ftr;ls - 1,0

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Default values for gas-fired domestic storage water heaters are:

ηs is the storage tank efficiency (vertical storage tanks = 0,95, horizontal storage tanks = 0,9);
If the stand-by thermal loss qB,S of the gas-fired domestic storage water heaters is not known (i.e. has
not been measured in accordance with EN 89), it can be approximated using Formula (16) in order to
calculate the thermal losses due to storage (this corresponds to 80 % of the minimum requirement
from EN 89 which specifies a volume-related nominal heat input of 0,07 kW per litre storage volume):

(
q B;S =2,0 + 0,033 ⋅V 1,1 ) (B.1)

where
qB,S is the daily stand-by thermal loss, in kWh;
V is the nominal storage capacity, in l.

8
For older appliances the following values shall be used:

-0
12
before 1985 use Formula (B.2).

6-
( )

01
qB;S =1,4 ⋅ 2,0 + 0,033 ⋅ V 1,1 (B.2)

2
st
m
Here it is assumed that the nominal capacity of a storage tank may be a maximum of 500 l. If a nominal
ko

capacity in excess of 500 l is required, this shall be made up of a number of storage tanks. In this case
en

the losses of the individual storage tanks are to be added together.

je
bi
ie
at
rm
fo
in
de
or
vo
T
EP
C
N
O
C

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Annex C
(informative)

General part default values and information

Boundary condition for DHW

General boundary conditions according Table C.1.
Table C.1 — General boundary conditions

Parameters Symbol Unit Value

Average ambient temperature in the heated zone (if no values
ϑbrm °C 20
are determined from EN ISO 13790)

8
-0
Average ambient temperature outside the heated zone (if no

12
ϑbrm °C 13
values are determined from EN ISO 13790)

6-
01
Average temperature of the domestic hot water distribution

2
ϑWc;mn °C 25 x U-0,2
pipe system without circulation, or with circulation switched off
st
m
ko
Average temperature of the domestic hot water distribution
ϑWc;mn °C 50
en

pipe system (with circulation or trace heating)

je
bi

Average temperature of the domestic hot water storage with

ϑWc;mn °C 50
ie

circulation a
at
m

Average temperature of the domestic hot water storage without

r

ϑWc,mn °C 45
fo

circulation (especially using trace heating) a

in
de

Cold water inlet temperature ϑk °C 10

or
vo

Temperature difference in the circulation loop Δϑz K 5

T
EP

a The temperature ϑWc;mn is an average storage temperature.

C

The outlet temperature of the storage is greater than 60 °C.

N
O

U is thermal transmission coefficient of the isolation of the

C

distribution pipe

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FprEN 15316-4-1:2016 (E)

Bibliography

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M3-1, M3-4, M3-9, M8-1, M8-4</std>

<std>prEN 15316-2, Energy performance of buildings - Method for calculation of system energy
requirements and system efficiencies - Part 2: Space emission systems (heating and cooling),
Module M3-5, M4-5</std>

<std>prEN 15316-3, Energy performance of buildings — Method for calculation of system energy
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8
<std>prEN 15316-4-1, Energy performance of buildings - Method for calculation of system energy

-0
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12
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6-
2 01
<std>prCEN/TR 15316-6-4, Energy performance of buildings — Method for calculation of system energy
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<std>EN 267, Automatic forced draught burners for liquid fuels</std>

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operating pressure of 3 bar - Terminology, special requirements, testing and marking</std>

<std>EN 303-5, Heating boilers - Part 5: Heating boilers for solid fuels, manually and automatically
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<std>EN 303-6, Heating boilers - Part 6: Heating boilers with forced draught burners - Specific
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Licensed to: Klaris-Kwint, Karin Mrs

Downloaded: 2016-11-07
54 Single user licence only, copying and networking prohibited
 FprEN 15316-4-1:2016 (E)

<std>EN 303-7, Heating boilers - Part 7: Gas-fired central heating boilers equipped with a forced draught
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<std>EN 15456, Heating boilers - Electrical power consumption for heat generators - System boundaries -
Measurements</std>

<std>EN 15502-2-2, Gas-fired central heating boilers - Part 2-2: Specific standard for type B1
appliances</std>

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6-
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01
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2
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vo
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Licensed to: Klaris-Kwint, Karin Mrs

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Single user licence only, copying and networking prohibited 55