Scribd
Upload
69 views5 pages

GabrielMarielle C1 Laboratory2

This document discusses an MRI laboratory activity. It provides objectives of explaining MRI physics, differentiating T1 and T2 relaxation times, and applying MRI theory. It then lists several laboratory questions regarding using MRI to locate metal pellets from gunshot wounds, determining Larmor frequencies, and setting imaging parameters to maximize contrast between tissues.

Uploaded by

Elle Gabriel
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
69 views5 pages

GabrielMarielle C1 Laboratory2

This document discusses an MRI laboratory activity. It provides objectives of explaining MRI physics, differentiating T1 and T2 relaxation times, and applying MRI theory. It then lists several laboratory questions regarding using MRI to locate metal pellets from gunshot wounds, determining Larmor frequencies, and setting imaging parameters to maximize contrast between tissues.

Uploaded by

Elle Gabriel
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 5

Laboratory Activity 2

MR Imaging
Name: Marielle M. Gabriel
Objectives:
 Explain the physics behind MR imaging
 Differentiate the relaxation times T1 and T2
 Apply MR theory

Laboratory Questions
1. A patient comes into the emergency room having been shot by a shotgun. What kind of
imaging would you do to find the metal pellets so that they can be removed?

Shot gun pellets are most commonly made of lead and they can be imaged by
MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) scan or X-ray imaging can be used to locate any
type of shot gun pellets. MRI scan must not be used if the shot gun pellet is made of
iron because it uses powerful magnetic waves that can displace the metal objects.

2. Graph the function of the volage, V(t) generated by a wire loop of radius 2.5 cm about a
pole
perpendicular to the x-axis and where a permanent magnet of strength 5.3x10-3 T is
whirling about the z-axis at a constant angular frequency π.

Emf induced(e) = (5.3x10-3 )(π)( 2.5x10-2)2( π)( πsin(𝜋𝑡 + ∅)) = 3.2693x10-5(𝐬𝐢𝐧(𝝅𝒕)

3. For a flip angle of π/2 radians and B1 = 10-5 T, what is tp for 1 H?


GIVEN:

Flip angle = π/2 or 90o


B1 = 10-5 T

ANSWER:

tp = 90 ___
360(𝑢2.6)(0.2)

= 29.3 sec

4. Determine the Larmor frequencies for 1H, 19F, and 23Na. On a magnetic field with
strength 5 x 10-6
T. Use Table 16.2.

Formula for Larmor frequencies:

𝑓𝑜 = 𝛾𝐵𝑜
1
For H:
𝑓𝑜 = (42.58)(5 x 10-6) = 𝟐. 𝟏𝟐𝟗𝒙𝟏0-4 𝑴𝑯𝒛

For 19F:

𝑓𝑜 = (40.05)(5 x 10-6) = 𝟐. 𝟎𝟎𝟐𝟓𝒙𝟏0-4 𝑴𝑯𝒛

For 23Na:
𝑓𝑜 = (11.26)(5 x 10-6) = 𝟓. 𝟔𝟑𝒙𝟏0-5 𝑴𝑯𝒛
5. Because of a malfunction in the hardware of an MRI scanner, the RF pulse amplitude is
twice what it should be. The operator of the scanner observes no signal when applying a
90 ◦ pulse.
a. Why, assuming you were unaware of the malfunction, would you find this
unusual?

It would be uncommon to suddenly lose the MRI signal and not produce
good image results. In fact, if I didn't know about the malfunctions, this
would have been done several times to get the picture you were aiming for.

b. Why is there no signal?

Because the amplitude of the RF pulse is twice what it should have been,
now it has a 180° RF pulse capable of rephrasing spins and inhomogeneity
of the static field. Once a 90° RF pulse has been applied, its spins diphase.
However, until the 180° RF pulse, after the 90° RF pulse, the spins have
been back in phase. Because of the static field inhomogeneity though not
the relaxation of the spin-spin, the 180 ° RF pulse alters the dephasing, the
signal is loss due to all the pure T2 impact.
c. What, assuming you were aware of the malfunction, could you do to get
maximum signal? [Hint: θ flip = γBB1t, where γB is the gyromagnetic ratio, B1 is
the magnitude of the RF pulse, and t is time.]

I suppose in this condition where it may be focused on such a repeat of


90° and 180° RF pulses, a Spin Echo sequence would therefore be done. There
are two parameters in this sequence; first, the echo time between certain 90°
RF pulse as well as the MR signal sequencing corresponding to the highest
possible echo. As shown at period (Echo time or TE)/2 the 180 ° RF pulse is
added. Secondly, for twice absorption pulses, which seems to be the time
through two 90° RF pulses, the repeat time or TR will be.

6. A radiologist has asked for your help determining whether a tumor in his patient has
increased in size. He has had difficulty because the relative intensity of the tumor tissue
and surrounding tissue are nearly the same; however, he does know the T1 and T2
relaxation rates of both tissue types. From this information, you plot the relaxation curves
shown.
a. Which (if any or both) of the two plots is useful and why?

In my opinion, both plots were valuable because we are doing MRI imaging, it
must be performed with several various parameters because even if just one
form of imaging procedure were performed which we create images at a certain
echo time and a single repetition period, however there is a risk that although
maintaining a high spatial resolution we will not be capable of detecting a tumor
or a certain pathology.

b. To what would you set the echo or repetition time to maximize contrast
(approximately)?

Throughout the T1-weighted image, the repetitiveness time will be quite brief
if we really want to create the signal reveal maximum variations between certain
two tissues that are based on T1. Simultaneously, in order to produce the image as
directly a T1 function as necessary, we must try and reduce everything that occurs
due to T2 relaxation, such that the echo time becomes as short as possible.
Moreover, if you would like to create an image in which the comparison in a certain
image is primarily a function of the T2-weighted image, you just have to raise the
echo time and reduce the T1 comparison by extending the time of repetition. T1 and
T2 mechanisms, indeed, have always been incorporated in the MRI images

You might also like

pFad - Phonifier reborn

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


Alternative Proxies:

Alternative Proxy

pFad Proxy

pFad v3 Proxy

pFad v4 Proxy