BARGE SHIPMENT

AND CLAIM PRESENTATION

DATE : 13 JULY 2017

VENUE : CONNEXION @ NEXUS

PRESENTED BY CAPTAIN KHOO

MAPHILINDO-INSIGHT SDN. BHD

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 COMPANY PROFILE
• Incorporated in Kuala Lumpur & Port Klang, Malaysia in November 2004.
• Appointed as Lloyd’s Agent in Kuala Lumpur & Port Klang, Malaysia
effective January 2005.
• Appointed as Lloyd’s Agent in East Malaysia effective July 2014.

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 COMPANY PROFILE
• Specialised in marine related survey.

• Staff strength of over 30 personnel

Master Mariners/ Officers

Marine Engineers

Engineers

Experienced Marine Surveyors

Administration staff

Operation / Coordination staff
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 COMPANY PROFILE
A team of well trained and experienced marine surveyors with on job and practical
training. Attend course and sit for marine cargo survey examination conducted by Lloyd’s
Agency Department of London. Surveyors are awarded if achieved standard with:-
•Certificate of Cargo Surveying Proficiency”.
•Technical Cargo Surveying.
•Principle and Practices of Marine Claims And Recoveries Handling

Certificate of Cargo Surveying Certificate of Certificate of Marine Claims

Proficiency Technical Cargo And Recoveries Module 3
Surveying
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 OFFICE / NETWORK OFFICE
• Main operating office/Centre

Maphilindo-Insight Sdn. Bhd

NTS Building, 2nd Floor,
2A Persiaran Raja Muda Musa,
42000 Port Klang,
Selangor Darul Ehsan,
Malaysia
Tel : 603-3165 1668
Fax : 603-3165 2668
Email : info@maphi-insight.com
GPS Coordinate : N4°12’37.74” E101°58’32.76” 5
 OFFICE / NETWORK OFFICE
• Network office in Malaysia

Penang

Pasir Gudang

Kota Kinabalu

Kuching

Other associates and agency offices at most of Malaysian Ports

• Worldwide network office

• Lloyd’s Agent network has over 350 offices worldwide

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 MAPHILINDO-INSIGHT SDN BHD
Maphilindo-Insight Sdn. Bhd. is the Lloyd’s Agent in East & West Malaysia and is
specialized in marine related services and consultancy.

Services provided:-

1. Marine Surveys and Investigation

2. H & M and P & I Club surveys
3. Marine and Industrial Services
4. Cargo Superintendent and Inspections
5. Risk Assessment
6. Valuation and Condition Surveys of Vessels
7. Pre-Purchase Condition Surveys
8. Claim Settling Agent
9. Towage Approval Surveys/Mooring Approval/lay up re-commissioning survey
10. Pre-Transit Surveys
11. Draft survey and Hatch survey
12. On hire and off hire survey
13. Other Marine Related Surveys
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 OVERVIEW OF BARGES
Definition of barge : Also term as lighter . Local term “Tongkang”
From dictionary
“A capacious, flat bottomed vessel, usually intended to be pushed or towed for transporting
freight or passengers “

Various types and different kinds of barges

Mainly non self propel/ without engine and need to be towed.

However in European riverine and America in the Great Lakes the barges are mainly self
propel and with accommodation for the crew members.

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 OVERVIEW OF BARGES
Types of barges - Pontoon
Flat top barge
Lash barge
Log barge
Cable lay barge
Oil tanker barge
Accommodation barge
Project cargo barge
Push barge
Crane barge
Derrick pipe lay barge
Split hopper barge
Piling Driver barge

Specialised barges are equipped with the special equipment and tools for specific usage.

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PICTURES OF VARIOUS BARGES

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PICTURES OF VARIOUS BARGES

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 OVERVIEW OF BARGES
Usage size

Mainly used to transport cargoes and are varying in sizes like length.
There are: 50’, 100’, 120’, 150’, 180’, 200’, 220’, 230’, 250’, 270’, 300’

Barges in this region are mainly flat top/dumb barge.

Sideboards are fitted at the edges around the deck perimeters. These sideboards are
varying in height from 8 to 14 feet high.

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 OVERVIEW OF BARGES

Typical cargoes carried by barges in this region are :

Coal, gypsum, sand, pet coke, copper concentrate etc

Palm oil, bunker oil, lub oil
Project cargoes
Heavy lift cargoes
Containers
Logs
Trucks, vehicles
Gravel, granites
Pipes, concrete piles, steel piles
Sand, construction materials

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PHOTOGRAPHS OF VARIOUS CARGOES TRANSPORTED

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 OVERVIEW OF BARGES
Features

Generally this flat top barge is with swim end. Front with a rampway
held by supports of H-beams.

The deck strength like the deck permissible load on tank top limit cargo
loaded and the support structures in the void tanks spaces may be
strengthened for heavy load cargoes or dunnaging.

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 OVERVIEW OF BARGES

Normal deck permissible load on barge tank top:-

5 tons per sq m
7.5 tons per sq m
10 tons per sq m
15 tons per sq m
20 tons per sq m

In order not to over load the deck – dunnages like wooden, steel
plates, stickers/wooden planks are used.

The process of spreading the load stress is vital for heavy

cargoes.
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 OVERVIEW OF BARGES

For proper loading a cargo superintendent may be engaged to

assist and supervise loading.

For charter or sale purpose - specifications of the barge are vital.

This is important for the consideration of a charterer or purchaser.

In this region most of the barges are non self propelled and will
need to be towed.

A special vessel known as a tug is used for towing the barge.

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 OVERVIEW OF TUGS
Tugs

There are various types and categories of tugs.

Normally twin engines
Varying sizes, power, capacity, characteristics, specialise
equipment and purpose.

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 OVERVIEW OF TUGS
Common types of tugs are :

• Small Wooden tug,

• Steel Towing tug,
• Habour tug,
• AHTS with DP 1 , DP2,
• Salvage tug e.g. like Smit, Semco , Boskalis,
• Push tug
• Ocean going tug

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 OVERVIEW OF TUGS
Features.
For towing tug – main requirement and characteristic is the bollard pull. Mainly
delivered by the main engines power of the tug. Normally -Twin engines

Various types have different capability like power output, characteristics,

equipment and tools etcs.

Harbour tug with special propulsion system, power, special characteristic like
maneuverability (turning, push and pull) e.g. schottel , azimuth propulsion

Oil and gas industries – AHTS

AHTS Abbreviation -Anchor Handling tug supply mainly for oil and gas sector

AHTS vessels are - expensive, multi task, with special equipment

Status: Non DP, DP 1, DP 2, High power. DP- Dynamic positioning 22

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 TOWING OPERATIONS
This involved a tug and tow. The object towed by a tug is known as a tow.

Various related towing aspects :-

• Salvage operation – Tug towing object or vessel salved or distressed vessel.

• Within port limits transit narrow/ congested channel port implement

mandatory pilotage area. Tug involvement according to pilot order and may
requires tug towing and escort till berth. Tug will be required to assist
berthing according to pilot order and instruction.

• Tug towing- platform module or vessel for scrap.

• Barge shipment – Tug will have to be in full control of the barge towed which
is utilized for transportation of cargoes.
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 TUG/ BARGE SHIPMENT TOWING OPERATIONS

GENERAL GUIDELINES

• Selection of tug and barge.

• Compatible
• Sufficient power - bollard pull of the tug for towing.
• Tug and barge to meet SOLAS requirements
• Properly manned incompliance to safe manning of tug
• Sufficient bunker with some extra allowance for adverse weather
• Seaworthy condition
• Towing arrangement appropriate
• Approved towing gears with spares
• Safe Passage Planning
• Monitoring of weather condition enroute
• Barge to be properly loaded with positive stability. Not over loaded, With trim by
stern, upright condition 25
 TOWING ARRANGEMENT PLAN

Tug and Barge – Sketch with Description

TUG TOWING BARGE – SIDE VIEW

TUG TOWING BARGE – PLAN VIEW

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 INTERNATIONAL MARITIME ORGANISATION (IMO)
GOVERN ALL INTERNATIONAL SHIPPING /MARITIME MATTERS.
IMO was formed in 1959. Type : Specialised Agency
Known as the Inter-Governmental Maritime Consultative Organization (IMCO)
until 1982
Headquarter : London
Members 172 member states and 3 Associate members.

PRIMARY PURPOSE IS TO DEVELOP AND MAINTAIN A COMPREHENSIVE

REGULATORY FRAME WORK FOR SHIPPING AND ITS REMIT TODAY INCLUDES
SAFETY,ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERNS, LEGAL MATTER ,TECHNICAL CO-
OPERATION , MARITIME SECURITY AND EFFICIENCY OF SHIPPING.

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 SHIPPING : RULES AND REGULATIONS

SOLAS Convention
Abbreviation . SOLAS - Safety Of Life At Sea

The International Convention for Safety Of Life At Sea is an INTERNATIONAL

MARITIME TREATY WHICH REQUIRES SIGNATORY FLAG STATE TO ENSURE
THAT SHIP FLAGGED BY THEM COMPLY WITH MINIMUM SAFETY STANDARDS
IN CONSTRUCTION, EQUIPMENT AND OPERATION.

Current SOLAS convention is 1974 which came in force on 25 May 1980.

Early is 1960 SOLAS convention was adopted on 17 June 1960 and entered in
force on 26 May 1965.

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 SHIPPING: RULES AND REGULATIONS

SOLAS Convention

Flag state or country where the vessel is registered will enforce the
rules and regulations for compliance.

e.g. Trading certificates are issued by Flag state or Classification society

who is assigned to issue on behalf

From here you see the Classification Societies involvement in issuance

of the class trading certificates.

The certificates like loadline, safety equipment etcs. are assigned to the
classification societies to carry out the survey and issue the relevant
certificates on behalf of flagstate. 29
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 SHIPMENT BY BARGE
This will involve a barge and to be towed by a tug.
Barges use are mainly boxed shape with swim end at both ends.
Below the deck/ tank top are the void tanks.
Cargo for loading are loaded on the main deck or tank top deck.

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 SHIPMENT BY BARGE
Generally this type of cargo barge is fitted with sideboards at the perimeter/ edges
with height ranging from 8 feet to 14 feet high.

Front end -normally is with a steel rampway, this rampway is usually held with
chain blocks rigged to H beam support -stands at both sides.

The rampway is for trucks/ cranes, cometto ,multi axles loader to drive in and out.
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 SHIPMENT BY BARGE
Essential criteria are:-

• The barge will require a tug to tow her

• Tug to be compatible to tow barge
• Mainly is the bollard pull of the tug
• This is the measure of the pulling force of the tug
• By rule of thumb is about 100hp/ ps to a ton of bollard pull
• There are some complicate and scientific formula used by Naval Architect
• Rule of thumb and our special formula combined with the experience, we had
on towing survey shipments
• Minimum tow speed contemplated is to be 5 knots, allowing for tidal current/
drift, leeway, underwater hull drag in respect of draft etc.
• Weather forecast and weather enroute till to destination i.e. sea, waves,
wind, visibility.
• Traffic condition. Likely to encounter 33
 SHIPMENT BY BARGE
General Fittings On Barge

On the barge at the sides, fore and aft are bollards or mooring bitts for mooring lines
to secure the barge while alongside the quay.

Smit Brackets connections are fitted at the front and back for the towing lines to be
secured when towing and the emergency tow line rigged at aft normally with a marker
buoy.

Sidelights and stern light stands at forward and aft respectively.

Deck fittings for securing.

For pipes or logs cargo the barges at the sides are fitted with side stanchions to keep
the cargo within.

Cargo on barge to be properly loaded and secured.

When the tug and barge is underway they will need to comply to the International
Regulations for Preventing Collision at Sea. During daylight, night fall/ darkness,
restricted visibility. 34
 SHIPMENT BY BARGE
Tug and barge requirements :-
1. Preferably of IACS class vessels
2. Possess all the required statutory/ trading certificates
3. Equip with full navigational and communicational equipment as per SOLAS regulations.
4. All equipment onboard are in good working condition
5. Structural features and hull structures are in satisfactory condition
6. Engine room – main engines, auxiliary engines and machineries in the space are in working
order and sound condition
7. Equipped with the appropriate navigation and signal lights, shapes, international code Flags,
navigational publications
8. Proper manning crew onboard to man tug.
9. Tug equipped with the appropriate towing gears in satisfactory condition with approved test
certificates for each respective items in use. Towing arrangement to be provided by tug’s
master
10. In general term vessels to take sea voyage are to be in a seaworthy condition at
commencement of the voyage.
11. Barge is safely loaded/ stowed, secured/ fastened and with sufficient stability to undertake
voyage. No over loading
12. Safe passage planning from port to port
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 PROS AND CONS ON BARGE SHIPMENT

OUR OPINION

Comparison : Advantages and Disadvantages

Advantages:-

• Low capital investment

• Lower cost to operate e.g bunker
• Shallow draft ,hence , good for upstream river ports
• Easier and flexible operations
• Cheaper manning cost
• Do not require to comply to ISM
if less that 500GRT for tug
• Crew members less qualify, easier to comply to manning
• Less crew members to man vessel i.e. tug
• Easier cargo operation
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Disadvantages:-
• Slow speed. Slow transport – mode, low volume
• Higher risk of exposure and operation
• Lower freeboard
• Cargo on deck unprotected
• Prone to hijack/ pirate attacked
• Exposed to weather
• Not suitable for dry/ perishable cargo in bulk
• Not world wide operation ; only regional
• Susceptible to weather condition
• Less security
• No sensitive cargo for carriage
• Total loss coverage . Otherwise some extra premium

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 BARGE SHIPMENT WARRANTIES
List some of the common warranties

Varying from different underwriters

1. Warranted single tow only

2. Warranted pre-shipment survey on tug and barge compatibility, towage
arrangement, stowage, lashing, sea fastening by underwriters approved
surveyor under the insured’s expenses.
All the surveyor’s recommendations are to be complied with
3. Warranted underwriters approved surveyor should conduct the survey
according to the scope of survey as attached.
4. Warranted barge and tug not exceeding 25 years old –vessel certification
will provide later.

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 BARGE SHIPMENT WARRANTIES
NOTE : SURVEYOR WILL NORMALLY APPLY RISK PREVENTION AND
MANAGEMENT DURING CONDUCTING OF SURVEY UNDER SCOPE FOR THIS
TYPE OF SURVEY

E.G- TUG WITH TWIN ENGINES ONLY FOR LONG SEA VOYAGE

 Alter course and reduce speed in adversed weather condition

 Adequate bunker and provision rations with allowance of 3 to 4 days extra
in case of adverse weather condition encountered enroute
 Also provide in our recommendations to tug’s master for compliance of
recommendations given and is to be acknowledged on the copy
 Towage approval – with towing certificate issued for port clearance and
policy coverage.
 Lashing certificate issued if required and is carried out
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 BARGE SHIPMENTS AND CLAIMS
Cargo claims – are mainly related to cargoes that are carried on
barges. Mainly are due to : -

1. Contamination – a) Wetted cargo – sea water/ rain/ fresh water

b) Previous cargo

2. Shortage/ loss – in weight

3. Damage of cargoes/ loss – physical damage/ loss

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 BARGE SHIPMENTS AND CLAIMS
Likely causes are : -

a) Hijacked/ pirated
b) Theft/ stolen
c) Collision/ loss
d) Sinking/ loss
e) Operational factors like under power, machinery breakdown
etcs.
f) Damage to cargo due to rough handling/ improper securing-
cargo shifted and damaged. Worst case may fell overboard.
g) Improper securing/ lashing breakdown
h) Capsizing/turn turtle
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 BARGE SHIPMENTS AND CLAIMS
Contd.
i) Encountered adverse weather condition.
Cause
- structural damage like side board give way, deck cracked etcs.
- Cargo shift – heavy listing can cause capsizing
- Negative stability – deck edge immersion, improper stowage
- Sinking of barge
- Grounding / stranding

j) Poor condition of barge – lacking in maintenance. Rogue /rust bucket barges

e.g hull cracked/ holed, deck poor condition and leak, poor deck strength
etcs

k) Towing gears – poor condition and malfunction/ breakdown

l) Navigational error/ human error – negligence of master, crew etcs

- causing collision – damage to vessel hull and cargoes
- worst case is sinking 44
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 DOCUMENTATIONS
For tug

Certificate of Registry

International Tonnage Certificate

International Loadline Certificate

Cargo Ship Safety Equipment Certificate

Certificate of Classification

Cargo ship Safety Construction Certificate

Safety Radiotelephony Certificate

Safe Manning Certificate

Domestic Shipping License

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 DOCUMENTATIONS
NOTE : FOR TUG OVER > 500GRT

Much more certificates required

Int. Oil Pollution Prevention Certificate

Int. Air Pollution Liability Certificate

Int. Ship Security Certificate

Int. Sewage Certificate

Int. Anti-Fouling System Certificate

Maritime Labour Certificate (MLC)

Int. Air Pollution Prevention Certificate

Int. Energy Efficiency Certificate

Safety Management Certificate

Document of Compliance
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 DOCUMENTATIONS
For Barge

Certificate of Registry

International Tonnage Certificate

International Loadline Certificate

Cargo Ship Safety Construction Certificate.

Certificate of Class

Domestic Shipping License

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 MARINE CLAIM FLOW CHART
MARINE SURVEYOR/
ASSURED INSURER ADJUSTER

Loss/ Damage Receipt of survey appointment

Notification of loss/damage Appointment of Intervention of

to Insurer by Assured Marine Surveyor/ adjuster Marine Surveyor/ Adjuster

Assured to give notice of Marine Surveyor

loss/ damage to third parties To conduct survey/ investigation
- Nature/cause/extent of loss/damage

Mitigation of loss
To assist in mitigation of loss

To compile
Claim Documents Assessment of
Claim by Surveyor

To submit Claim Documents Assessment and processing

to Insurer and/or Surveyor of claim by Insurer Final survey report

Claim Settlement
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 DOCUMENTATIONS FROM
MARINE SURVEYOR/ADJUSTER

Documents issued by approved marine surveyor

1. Surveyor report with attactments

2. Towage certificate
3. Lashing certificate

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The above presentation is strictly the view and
opinion expressed by the writer/ presenter.

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