Zanzibar ICT Policy As June 2013
Zanzibar ICT Policy As June 2013
Revolutionary Government of Zanzibar
Ministry of Infrastructure and Communications
ZANZIBAR ICT POLICY
May, 2013
Table of Contents
LIST OF ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ......................................................................... I
GLOSSARY .......................................................................................................................... II
FOREWORD ....................................................................................................................... VI
1.0. INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................... 1
1.1. Background .......................................................................................................... 1
1.2. Situation Analysis ................................................................................................. 2
2.0. POLICY OVERVIEW ................................................................................................... 9
2.1. Policy Objectives .................................................................................................. 9
2.2. Vision .................................................................................................................... 9
2.3. Mission ................................................................................................................. 9
3.0. POLICY ................................................................................................................... 10
3.1. Government ....................................................................................................... 10
3.2. ICT in Education .................................................................................................. 11
3.3. ICT in Health ....................................................................................................... 12
3.4. ICT usage in Community ..................................................................................... 13
3.5. ICT Industry ........................................................................................................ 15
3.6. Human Resources Development ........................................................................ 17
3.7. ICT Infrastructure ............................................................................................... 18
3.8. Legal and Regulatory Framework ....................................................................... 19
4.0. IMPLEMENTATION AND MONITORING FRAMEWORK ........................................... 21
4.1. Policy Implementation ....................................................................................... 21
4.2. Role of Stakeholders .......................................................................................... 21
4.3. Monitoring Framework ...................................................................................... 24
DHIS District Health Information System
GIS Geographic Information System
HMIS Health Management Information System
ICT Information and Communication Technology
IFMS Integrated Financial Management System
MKUZA II “Mkakati wa Kukuza Uchumi na Kupunguza Umaskini Zanzibar” No. 2
The Zanzibar Strategy Growth and Reduction of Poverty No. II.
MoEVT Ministry of Education and Vocational Training
MoH Ministry of Health
MoIC Ministry of Infrastructure and Communications
NGO Non‐Governmental Organization
OTC Over Table Counter
TCRA Tanzania Communication Regulatory Authority
URT United Republic of Tanzania
ZAC Zanzibar Aids Commission
ZACP Zanzibar Aids Control Program
ZBC1 Zanzibar Broadcasting Commission
ZBC2 Zanzibar Broadcasting Corporation
ZMCP Zanzibar Malaria Control Program
I
GLOSSARY
For the purpose of this document the following words meant;
Broadcasting Broadcasting means an electronic transmission of information in
a form of audio, sound or video by using any known approved
transmission media, whether guided or unguided, to members of
the public or government entities.
Computer Means any electronic, magnetic, optical or other high‐speed data
processing device or system which performs logical, arithmetic
and memory functions by manipulations of electronic, magnetic
or optical impulses, and includes all input, output, processing,
storage, software and communication facilities which are
connected or related as a system or network. Transmission
Convergence Means interlinking of computing and other information
technologies, media content, and communication networks that
has arisen as the result of the evolution and popularization of the
Internet as well as the activities, products and services that have
emerged in the digital media space.
Cyber Crime Defined as: “Offences that are committed against individuals or
groups of individuals with a criminal motive to intentionally harm
the reputation of the victim or cause physical or mental harm to
the victim directly or indirectly, using modern
telecommunication networks such as Internet (Chat rooms,
emails, notice boards and groups) and mobile phones
(SMS/MMS).” Such crimes may threaten a nation’s security and
financial health.
Cyber Security Defined as the state of being protected against the criminal or
unauthorized use of electronic data.
OR It refers to preventative methods to protect information from
attacks. It requires an understanding of potential information
threats, e.g., viruses and other malicious code. Cyber security
strategies include identity management, risk management and
incident management.
Digital Divide or A term used to describe the discrepancy between people who
Digital Gap have access to and the resources to use new information and
communication tools, such as the Internet, and people who do
not have the resources and access to the technology. The term
also describes the discrepancy between those who have the
II
skills, knowledge and abilities to use the technologies and those
who do not. The digital divide can exist between those living in
rural areas and those living in urban areas, between the
educated and uneducated, between economic classes, and on a
global scale between more and less industrially developed
nations.
E‐Commerce Means the use of electronic networks to exchange business
information, services, product and payments.
E‐Government Means electronic government system through which public
services are provided electronically by a Ministry or Government
Department, Local Authority, or body established by or under
any law or controlled or funded by the Government.
E‐Learning Means the use of technology to enable people to learn anytime
and anywhere. It can include training, the delivery of just‐in‐time
information and guidance from experts.
E‐learning is essentially the network‐enabled transfer of skills
and knowledge.
Fiber optic Means a technology that uses glass (or plastic) threads (fibers) to
transmit data. A fiber optic cable consists of a bundle of glass
threads, each of which is capable of transmitting
messages modulated onto light waves.
OR refers to the medium and the technology associated with the
transmission of information as light impulses along a glass or
plastic wire or fiber.
Free‐to‐air Means television (TV) and radio services broadcast in clear
(unencrypted) form, allowing any person with the appropriate
receiving equipment to receive the signal and view or listen to
the content without requiring a subscription (or other ongoing
cost) or one‐off fee (e.g. Pay‐per‐view).
GIS Means a computer system designed to capture, store,
manipulate, analyze, manage, and present all types of
geographical data.
HMIS Means a computer system designed to capture, store,
manipulate, analyze, manage, and present all types of health
related data.
ICT Means “diverse set of technological tools and resources used to
communicate, and to create, disseminate, store, access and
manipulate information.”
These technologies include computers, the Internet,
broadcasting technologies (radio and television), and telephony.
III
ICT facilities Means ICT equipment and/or ICT services.
ICT Infrastructure Means an integrated system of facilities used to provide one or
more ICT services.
Knowledge Based Economy in which knowledge is the primary raw material and
Economy source of value. It is characterized by:‐
1) Convergence and integration of communication and data
processing technologies into ICT
2) Pervasive influence of IVT on economic activity such that
the most workers are information workers and most
products are information products, and
3) Application of ICT networks throughout the economic
institutions, organizations, and processes resulting in very
high degree flexibility, weakening of regulatory control,
and acceleration of globalization.
Knowledge Based It refers to societies that are well‐educated, and who therefore
Society rely on the knowledge of their citizens to drive the innovation,
entrepreneurship and dynamism of the society’s economy.
Internet means a network of networks that consists of millions of private,
public, academic, business, and Government networks, of local
to global scope, that are linked by a broad array of electronic,
wireless and optical networking technologies.
Local Content Means any type of material, including written text, imagery,
video, charts, graphs, lists or other data that has been created
locally for a specific local audience.
National portal Means a single window of access to information and services
being provided by the Government entities. The content in this
Portal is the result of a collaborative effort of various
Government Ministries and Departments, at the Central/District
level.
Operator or Service Means a person or organization that operates ICT facilities
providers and/or services of telecommunications, broadcasting, or ICT
applications.
Tele‐center Means a service center equipped with ICT equipment and
services and made accessible to public with the intention of
filling the digital divide especially in rural areas.
Telecommunication Means any domestic or international transmission of information
by wire, radio waves, optical media or other electromagnetic
systems, between or among points of user’s choosing.
Telemedicine Means the use of information and communication
technologies in order to provide clinical health care at a distance.
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OR The use of medical information exchanged from one site to
another via electronic communications for the health and
education of the patient or healthcare provider and for the
purpose of improving patient care.
‐ Telemedicine includes consultative, diagnostic, and
treatment services from the remote site.
‐ It helps eliminate distance barriers and can improve
access to medical services that would often not be
consistently available in distant rural communities.
‐ It is also used to save lives in critical care and emergency
situations.
Website Means a connected group of web pages on the World Wide Web
regarded as a single entity usually maintained by one person or
organization and devoted to a single topic or several closely
related topics.
Wide Area Network Abbreviated as WAN is a communications network that uses
such devices as telephone lines, satellite dishes, or radio waves
to span a larger geographic area than can be covered by a LAN.
V
FOREWORD
Information has become the most valuable instrument for the development in the
Information Age. The key is to use it in such a way as to leapfrog stages of development
in order to rapidly attain a thriving economy and a society where each individual can
achieve her or his full potential. In our quest to achieve prosperity, we should not lose
sight of the opportunities offered by the technologies driving the Information
Revolution to preserve our culture, expand our horizons and develop a more
participatory democracy.
The constant evolution of technology brings about major paradigm shifts in human
society. For example, our ability to develop technologies to harness food and energy
from plants and animals and later from non‐living sources such as coal, water, solar and
wind led to the agricultural and industrial revolutions. Recent advancements in
communications, computing and information technologies have brought about today’s
Information Revolution.
The ever‐increasing capacity of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) is
further empowered by the rapid growth of a global computer networks such as Internet.
These advancements have transformed the way in which business is conducted,
revolutionized learning and knowledge sharing, generated global information flows and
empowered citizens and communities in new ways that have redefined governance. As
in times past, this new paradigm requires that we learn new skills, employ new
technologies and use different resources. Most importantly, we must learn to use
technology to do things differently.
Countries that have harnessed the potential of Information and Communications
Technology (ICT) have attained significant social and economic development; and they
are rapidly transforming into information and knowledge based economies. The
development of the ICT sector is vital to succeed in producing more value with
information‐based decision‐making processes, developing an inclusive information
society and sustaining economic activities and growth towards making the country more
prosperous.
The Revolutionary Government of Zanzibar recognizes the pivotal role of ICT sector
towards the sustainable socio‐economic development; equally important is that ICT
enabled development in Zanzibar should be policy led, ensuring a better synergy
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between the public and private sectors and alignment with national goals. This is the
first time that a comprehensive ICT Policy has been elaborated to realize the vision of
making Zanzibar knowledge‐based society. This Policy document brings together the
economic, social and political dimensions of our initiatives in the area of Information
and Communication Technologies.
The implementation of this Policy will be an immense challenge for Zanzibar with its
limited financial resources and low levels of ICT penetration and literacy. Political
leadership and a shared vision will be critical to its success. I am confident that we will
succeed in this grand undertaking to transform our nation into a knowledge‐based
society and call upon all stakeholders to actively participate.
…………………………………………………………..
Hon. Rashid Seif Suleiman
Minister for Infrastructure and Communications
VII
1.0. INTRODUCTION
1.1. Background
Information and Communication Technology (ICT) advances since the beginning of 20th
century, and gains the momentum which continues up to the moment. The ICT capacity
has been raising and at lowering cost as predicted by the Moore’s Law1, making the
technology to swim in the public knowledge pond.
It has been established that information is a key factor for any development process. In
light of the catalytic role that information plays in national development, the
Government intends to set up a policy framework that ensures optimum utilization of
this resource towards socio‐economic development. For the Government to implement
the long term national development programs like the Vision 2020, MKUZA II, and
others, timely and relevant information must be available at all levels of
implementation.
The Zanzibar Vision 2020 envisage on the following areas; enhance social and macro‐
economic management, promote diversification and transformation of the economy to
competitive one, promote sustainable tourism, fishing and industrial sector, strengthen
trade sector, promote human resources development, encourage information and
information technology, encourage environmental protection and the promotion of
good governance, capacity building and peace and stability. It is also noteworthy that
Vision 2020 explicitly includes ICT by noting the promotion of telecommunication and
encouraging information and information technology.
Moreover, MKUZA II acknowledges the importance of integrating ICT especially in the
aspect of information dissemination to stakeholders informing the status of the
implementation; and particularly in the implementation schedules presented in clusters’
1
Moore’s law states that: “the number of transistors (hence the processing power) that can be squeezed onto
a silicon chip of a given size will double every 18 months and at a reducing cost”.
1
section; two core cluster strategies focused exclusively to ICT development and
application.
The Revolutionary Government of Zanzibar has recognized the fundamental importance
of ICT for stimulation of national development, in particular, modernization and
globalization of the economy, and creating the conditions for the fullest participation by
all sections of the population. Zanzibar achieved notable progress in deploying ICT; the
private sector has actively contributed to these achievements by investing inter‐alia
support facilities, training centers and sales outlets. These efforts have enabled
Government departments, institutions of learning, Non‐Governmental Organizations
(NGOs), as well as other entrepreneurs; to acquire ICT solutions that address their
individual problems. The overall status of ICT in the country is briefly captured in the
subsequent section of this document.
The lack of an overall policy and poor harmonization of ICT initiatives in Zanzibar, have
led to random adoption of different ICT systems and standards, unnecessary duplication
of effort and waste of scarce resources.
In this context, the Government has initiated the process of developing a
comprehensive Zanzibar ICT Policy. The Policy will guide ICT development, accessibility
and its utilization on a national scale to meet the challenges of the information age and
lay the foundation for the development of national ICT Strategic Plan. It is essential that
a high level priority and commitment is given by the Government and Private Sector of
Zanzibar to fast‐track implementation of this ICT Policy so that its objectives are
achieved.
analog to digital technology is among the actions taken by the Government to improve
access to information.
Situation analysis focusing on individual issues is briefly captured in the subsequent
section. The priority areas were selected based on the experience collected from other
countries’ ICT policy and the model proposed by the “ICT Policy Formulation and e‐
Strategy Development – A Comprehensive Guidebook” guidelines prepared by UNDP.
1.2.1. Government
The Revolutionary Government of Zanzibar made several initiatives in development of
ICT to improve service delivery to the public. In such endeavor, the Government through
respective ministries established unit/department to foresee ICT development within
the pertinent ministry. The Ministry related to finance matters adopted the Integrated
Financial Management System (IFMS) for effective financial administration of the public
finance. Moreover, Government through Parastatal institutions adopted relevant
information systems to support their business processes; these includes drivers’ license
registration, motor vehicle registration, national identification registration, electoral
registration and processing, billing systems, social security administration to mention a
few.
Furthermore, the Government enacted the Public Service Act that established a
dedicated department, e‐Government Department, responsible to oversee ICT
deployment and usage within the public services. Above all; the Government
established a dedicated Department of Communications under the Ministry of
Infrastructure and Communications which among other things is responsible to
monitoring of Government‐owned optic fiber and related infrastructures.
However, most of the public organizations have no specific unit dealing with ICT issues.
Poor ICT infrastructure within the Government institutions and low level of ICT literacy
among the employees are the factors leading to perform duties in manual manner.
Generally, there is no common framework within the Government that defines ICT
Governance, common standards and procedures.
3
Currently, there is significant use of ICT in teaching and learning in tertiary education
institutions and some of the private‐owned training institutions. Moreover the Ministry
through its e‐learning division is responsible to prepare local e‐learning visual and audio
contents. Nonetheless, with liberalization of economy, the national policy encourages
and promotes private institutions to offer education to the public; some educational
institutions provide access to international training programs under affiliation
arrangements.
However, there is inadequate use of ICT in teaching and learning at all level of education
and mostly in primary and secondary levels resulting from insufficient availability of ICT
resources, shortage of e‐learning materials, awareness (teachers and students), poor
conditions or access of supporting infrastructure.
In addition to implementation of DHIS at HMIS unit, there are other ICT initiatives
through critical disease control program such as ZAC, ZACP, ZMCP etc. but eventually
the information are sent to HMIS for integration.
However, the rising demand of access to health services could not be served with the
existing health provision setup; and in rural areas accessibility of other specialized
service is still difficulty. Moreover, there is neither database system to maintain general
4
patients’ information that covers wide spectrum of personal medical records, nor
electronic system for central medical management.
Community has access to various contents in all forms i.e. textually, imagery and sound
and through different communication channels such as websites, medias, films, books,
live concerts etc.; however most of these are not locally developed and so they neither
meet local needs nor do they portray local culture, taboos and values.
However, there are no local manufacturers of ICT products; all local dealers or agents
import these products. There are no standards guiding the imports of both hardware
and software; coupling to that there is no e‐waste management framework under
practice. Local software development is on the lower side and focusing to particular
customers. Most of the software used by both public and private sectors are imported.
2
Audience Survey Report ‐ 2008
5
In general, Zanzibar has a small emerging skilled capacity to support the ICT industry in
terms of developing, selling or supporting hardware and software.
However ICT literacy is not forming part of the qualification criteria in almost all of the
non‐ICT professional or non‐professional cadres. Moreover, there are no documented
plans or strategies for developing ICT literacy skills of the existing manpower in both
public and private sectors. As for the ICT professional cadres; there is no dedicated
scheme of services; however, if so decided to establish one, there is a great potential of
inheriting common features of not considering professional certification as part of the
qualification entries as in other cadres.
In general, there is a shortage of well‐qualified professionals of ICT in Zanzibar; however
there are recognized Zanzibaris ICT experts working in different organizations scattered
around the world. Though, existing ICT professionals are underutilized in comparison
with their potentials. There are also no well‐established ICT professional profiles, and
lack of a standardized process of evaluation for certification of different courses offered
by various training centers.
6
Following Liberalization of broadcasting sector in Zanzibar and enactment of the
Zanzibar Broadcasting Commission Act No. 7 of 1997, broadcasting operators spread
over a vast area nationally and even regionally while others cover a local geographical
area. Zanzibar Broadcasting Corporation (ZBC) remains the main Public broadcaster
providing terrestrial television and radio services in Zanzibar. There are two privately
owned television companies operating in Zanzibar using cable, one is in Unguja town
area and the other in Chake Chake Pemba. Also, there is one Digital Terrestrial
Television company offering services in Unguja area.
However, the existing ICT infrastructure development is characterized by unreliable
networks, limited coverage in some areas, proprietary (incompatibility of some ICT
components across different service providers), and use of obsolete technologies.
Moreover, unreliable power supply compromises the affordability and accessibility of
quality ICT services.
Zanzibar Penal Act No. 6 of 2004; Part XXXIII: outlines penalties on computer
related offences and provide definitions for words related to Document,
computers, data, and interception.
Zanzibar Criminal Procedures Act No.7 of 2004: outlines procedures for related
computer crimes; searching and seizures. Section 135(1) provides for the
procedures of searching and seizure of the computer data. Also section
136(1)provides that if any kind of assistance needed as to searching the person
who is the possessor or controller of the computer data storage media or
computer system, may provide assistance by obtaining a copy of computer data,
using equipment to make copies and obtain an intelligible output from computer
system in a plain text format that can be read by a person
The Employment Act No.11 of 2005, Sec. 20: establishes confidentiality to
information by the employee in discharge of his/her duties.
7
Public Service Acts, No. 2 of 2011 Part IX &X, Sec. 95, 96 & 97: outline issues
about Records and Information Management and Public Service Management
Information Systems.
Prevention of Terrorism Act (URT) of 2002, Sec.4 (3) (g): specifically talks on
terrorism act by conducting disruption (interference) in computer system,
communication infrastructure and banking services.
Copy Right Act, No. 14 of 2003, Sec. 3: mentions computer program as one
among the works to be protected under copyright.
The Registration of News Agents, Newspapers and Books (Amendments) Act
No.8 of 1997; Sec. 35: talks about offences related with unlawful publication.
PART VIII Sec. 53 up to 62 talks about defamation and its punishment.
However, the existing laws do not cater for the whole spectrum of ICT application in
business, innovation and other socio‐economic aspects. Also there are no
comprehensive and relevant acts which recognize legal acceptance of e‐information.
8
2.2. Vision
“Zanzibar to become global competitive information based society.”
2.3. Mission
“To realize information based society by effective integration of quality ICT
throughout all sectors of the economy.”
9
3.0. POLICY
3.1. Government
3.1.1. Objective
3.1.1.1. To improve services delivery and information accessibility to the public in an
efficient and cost‐effective manner.
3.1.1.2. To enable public services to contribute meaningfully in achieving poverty
reduction targets.
3.1.1.3. To improve and broaden public participation in civic and Government affairs;
and encourage information sharing, transparency and accountability in all
Government processes.
3.1.2. Issues
3.1.2.1. Lack of common ICT Governance framework adopted among government
institutions.
3.1.2.2. Low level of ICT literacy among civil servants.
3.1.2.3. Poor ICT infrastructure in most of the government institutions.
3.1.2.4. Lack of common standards and procedures to guide ICT adoption within the
Government.
3.1.2.5. Lack of holistic approach in adoption of ICT system within the government
institutions.
3.1.2.6. Inadequate accessibility to public information and services.
3.1.4. Strategies
3.1.4.1. Establish common ICT Governance framework that considers international
best practices to ensure high‐level ICT leadership at the national level.
3.1.4.2. Provide relevant training to all Government employees on the use of
respective ICTs in discharging of their duties.
3.1.4.3. Extend access to ICT networks at all levels of the administration.
3.1.4.4. Provide ICT equipment to Government institutions.
3.1.4.5. Set up common standards and procedures to guide ICT adoption within the
10
Government.
3.1.4.6. Integrate ICT plans for individual Government institutions to ensure high
degree of integration, optimum use of resources and provide for central
management.
3.1.4.7. Identify the information needs of the public and implement electronic
initiatives to deliver them in user‐friendly formats.
3.1.4.8. Establish national data center and develop online Government services for
the collection and dissemination of Government data.
3.1.4.9. Establish Top Level Domain in order to enable the successful introduction of
Government initiatives of e‐Government, e‐Services and e‐Commerce.
3.1.4.10. Encourage Internet access within the Government.
3.1.4.11. Define authority levels and ensure secured access to Government information
systems and services.
3.1.4.12. Establish national portal that will act as a single point to online access of other
government’s institutions websites.
3.1.4.13. Initiate a move toward securing country dialing code in order to capture
potential revenue from telecommunication industry.
3.2.1. Objective
3.2.1.1. Enabling people to make use of the huge potential of ICT for teaching,
learning and self‐empowerment.
3.2.1.2. Broaden access to education and training opportunities.
3.2.1.3. Having curricula which require usage of ICT in teaching and learning process.
3.2.2. Issues
3.2.2.1. Use of outdated pedagogical methods.
3.2.2.2. Low computer‐to‐student ratio and most of them are not connected to global
ICT networks.
3.2.2.3. Limited access to education and training opportunities.
3.2.2.4. Lack of sharing framework for teaching and learning resources.
3.2.2.5. Most of educational resources are not in electronic form.
3.2.2.6. Lack of Central e‐learning information resources.
11
3.2.4. Strategies
3.2.4.1. Provide sufficient materials and literacy to support the teaching and learning
process, both for teachers and students.
3.2.4.2. Provide reliable and affordable access to ICT resources for all schools,
universities and research institutions.
3.2.4.3. Establish e‐learning and virtual centers in higher education and professional
training institutions.
3.2.4.4. Improve and maintain ICT infrastructure to enable e‐learning and promote
distance learning.
3.2.4.5. Establish educational sharing framework to harmonize initiatives, approaches
and standards in the educational uses of ICT.
3.2.4.6. Facilitate educational exchange between local and international educational
institutions for promotion of ICT usage in teaching and learning.
3.2.4.7. Develop local e‐learning resources to address the educational needs of
primary, secondary and tertiary institutions.
3.2.4.8. Encourage the use of ICT in all research and development institutions,
libraries, archives, museums, and community centers.
3.2.4.9. Establish central e‐learning information resources.
3.2.4.10. Facilitate Public ‐ Private Partnerships to mobilize resources in order to
support e‐learning initiatives.
3.3.1. Objectives
3.3.1.1. To provide an equitable access to health services, and strengthening of health
institutions in order to ensure efficient and cost‐effective service delivery.
3.3.1.2. To provide an efficient and cost effective means for capturing and distributing
health and disease‐prevention information to the public.
3.3.2. Issues
3.3.2.1. Increasing demand of access to specialized health services among the public.
12
3.3.2.2. Poor accessibility of quality health services especially in rural areas.
3.3.2.3. Inefficient way for capturing, dissemination and maintenance of health
related information that will promote healthy life style.
3.3.2.4. Lack of specialization in healthy informatics.
3.3.2.5. Lack of central information repository for medical and personal health
records.
3.3.4. Strategies
3.3.4.1. Facilitate local access of international health services through the usage of
ICT.
3.3.4.2. Establish telemedicine center to enable accessibility of quality health services
in all areas of the country and especially in rural areas.
3.3.4.3. Introduce courses in health informatics within ICT curriculum in tertiary
education.
3.3.4.4. Provide ICT equipment and extend access to ICT networks at costs‐effective
manner to all health care centers.
3.3.4.5. Deploy HMIS in all health care centers to improve management and
administration of health services.
3.3.4.6. Create an electronic information system for health practitioners that are
accessible throughout the country.
3.3.4.7. Use ICT to educate public on the nature of both non‐communicable and
communicable diseases, with the best method of preventing them.
3.3.4.8. Establish and maintain electronic system for medical management to
modernize administration of Central Medical Store.
3.4.1. Objectives
3.4.1.1. Empower community with access to quality and secured ICT services at
affordable costs considering gender and other social groups.
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3.4.2. Issues
3.4.2.1. High cost of ICT equipment and services.
3.4.2.2. Shortage of relevant local content.
3.4.2.3. Cultural abuse through misuse of ICT.
3.4.2.4. Inadequate use of information to support socio‐economic activities.
3.4.2.5. Lack of ICT awareness and education among the majorities.
3.4.2.6. High digital gap between social groups.
3.4.4. Strategies
3.4.4.1. Incorporate tax incentives to ICT products and services.
3.4.4.2. Establish ICT public access points (telecenters) in places such as schools,
libraries, local government offices and others.
3.4.4.3. Ensure availability of free‐to‐air public service TV and radio channels to all
parts of the country.
3.4.4.4. Endorse competition in the ICT sector so as to increase customer choice,
quality and affordability of services.
3.4.4.5. Engage indigenous in the development of local contents.
3.4.4.6. Establish community centers to provide platform for local theatre
performances as well as video, films and other audio‐visual shows.
3.4.4.7. Establish and enforce rules and regulations to control use of ICT.
3.4.4.8. Conduct awareness program among all stakeholders and the general public
about the role of ICT in socio‐economic activities.
3.4.4.9. Establish specialized telecenters to provide equitable access to ICT services to
marginalized groups.
3.4.4.10. Support existing community media and provide incentives for the
establishment of new ones.
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3.5.1. Objectives
3.5.1.1. To modernize trade through effective utilization of ICT as a tool in business
conducts.
3.5.1.2. To facilitate the growth of ICT entrepreneurs in order to broaden access to
local ICT products and services.
3.5.1.3. To make Zanzibar a competitive developer of ICT products and services in the
region.
3.5.2. Issues
3.5.2.1. Lack of competition and diversity of products/services in businesses providing
ICT solutions to the public.
3.5.2.2. Low technical capacity and low consumer’s awareness on the importance of
‘after‐sales’ routine maintenance of ICT services and equipment.
3.5.2.3. Lack of innovation and incubation centers to promote local ICT
entrepreneurship.
3.5.2.4. Lack of local production, development, assembly, and customization of ICT
products and services.
3.5.2.5. Low level ICT utilization in the business conducts resulting from inadequate
awareness of the ICT potential.
3.5.2.6. High cost of deploying ICT into business.
3.5.2.7. Low interventions in ICT research and development.
3.5.2.8. Lack of adoption to common ICT technical and quality standards.
3.5.2.9. Reckless disposal of e‐waste which is prone to environmental and health risk
to the population.
3.5.4. Strategies
3.5.4.1. Develop appropriate regulations to ensure fair and equitable competition
amongst service providers to improve quality and promote growth of new
services and applications.
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3.5.4.2. Encourage public private partnerships in the development and provision of
ICT services.
3.5.4.3. Provide incentives for local innovations in software, hardware and ICT
systems development.
3.5.4.4. Establish ICT incubation centers to promote a culture of innovation,
entrepreneurship and technological sophistication.
3.5.4.5. Create conducive environment enabling ICT resources sharing to reduce
deployment cost of ICT into business.
3.5.4.6. Increase awareness among the public and private sector of the opportunities
offered by different ICT services and products.
3.5.4.7. Use ICT to modernize business; especially tourism, agriculture, fisheries,
manufacturing, offshore financial services industries; and to support small and
medium enterprises.
3.5.4.8. Encourage research and development in ICT Industry.
3.5.4.9. Promote participation of local ICT organizations in international ICT forums
order to gain international recognition.
3.5.4.10. Encourage deployment and usage of ICT hardware and software to support
cost savings and increased productivity in service delivery, purchasing and
communication.
3.5.4.11. Set applicable technical and quality standards in compliance with global best
practices for ICT products and services in consultation with
suppliers/providers and consumers.
3.5.4.12. Establish and enforce e‐waste management framework.
3.5.4.13. Ensure that applicants of licenses for setting up ICT facilities must
demonstrate their readiness to minimize the environmental effects and
protect population from harmful emissions.
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3.6. Human Resources Development
3.6.1. Objectives
3.6.1.1. To have sustainable Human Resource development program focusing on
short, medium and long term ICT needs.
3.6.1.2. To increase ICT literacy in all sectors; and to build and retain ICT human
resources capacity.
3.6.1.3. To have better working environment that supports usage of ICT.
3.6.2. Issues
3.6.2.1. Inadequate number of qualified ICT professionals.
3.6.2.2. Low ICT literacy among many people.
3.6.2.3. Ineffective mechanism to attract and retain ICT personnel.
3.6.2.4. Lack of automated test centers.
3.6.2.5. Inability to cope with frequent ICT technological advancement.
3.6.4. Strategies
3.6.4.1. Support the development of qualified personnel in ICT in a sustainable
manner to meet labor market needs.
3.6.4.2. Introduce ICT competitions and coordinate national ICT exhibitions for young
scientists.
3.6.4.3. Increase opportunities for continuing trainings in the area of ICTs and ensure
that the materials delivered are relevant with international acceptable
standards.
3.6.4.4. Encourage and support local training institutions to offer both academic and
professional ICT related courses and adhere to internationally acceptable
standards.
3.6.4.5. Harmonize ICT curricula for respective levels at both national and
international scales.
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3.6.4.6. Put in place motivation mechanisms and create conducive working
environments to attract and retain skilled ICT professionals in the national
economy.
3.6.4.7. Establish ICT incubation and innovation centers.
3.6.4.8. Facilitate short term trainings to ICT personnel in order to cope with rapid ICT
technological advancement.
3.6.4.9. Recognize technical professionals in the ICT sector.
3.6.4.10. Encourage public and private sector apprenticeship programs, internships, co‐
opts, and work‐study programs.
3.7.1. Objectives
3.7.1.1. Having ICT infrastructure that is universally accessible, affordable, sustainable,
secured and convergent to enhance service delivery to the public.
3.7.1.2. Improve and maintain the country’s position regionally in deployment of ICT
infrastructure.
3.7.2. Issues
3.7.2.1. Unreliable power supply leading to unsustainable ICT access.
3.7.2.2. Unreliable networks and lack of countrywide coverage of ICT Infrastructure.
3.7.2.3. Lack of ICT infrastructure sharing framework.
3.7.2.4. Inability to cope with rapid technological advancements.
3.7.2.5. Inadequate collaboration among stakeholders in ICT infrastructure
development.
3.7.2.6. Lack of ICT infrastructure that support implementation of public access to
national integrated Geographic Information System (GIS).
3.7.4. Strategies
3.7.4.1. Ensure reliable and affordable power supply at all times to allow any time
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access of services hosted by the deployed infrastructure.
3.7.4.2. Deploy countrywide ICT infrastructure which is reliable, efficient, affordable,
and adaptive to the needs of the country.
3.7.4.3. Deploy backup mechanism to ensure full time accessibility of ICT
infrastructure.
3.7.4.4. Ensure deployment of ICT infrastructure necessary to allow e‐commerce and
secure transactions to take place.
3.7.4.5. Establish sharing framework to encourage sharing and co‐locating of ICT
infrastructure and facilities.
3.7.4.6. Conduct research and development about new emerging ICT infrastructure
technologies.
3.7.4.7. Undertake continued upgrades and investments on new ICT infrastructure
technologies.
3.7.4.8. Encourage the private sector to continue their role as an integral part of the
development of ICT infrastructure through creation of favorable investment
environment.
3.7.4.9. Ensure integrated approach to the development and deployment of ICTs by
involving stakeholders from other supporting infrastructure such as road and
electricity network.
3.7.4.10. Deploy ICT infrastructure that supports implementation and utilization of
national integrated GIS enabling public access to services such as electronic
navigation, urban and rural planning, environmental conservation, early
warning system etc.
3.8.1. Objectives
3.8.1.1. Having a transparent regulatory environment that provides for open
processes, access to information, addresses ethical aspects of the digital
culture and offers incentives for investment and innovation in the ICT sector.
3.8.2. Issues
3.8.2.1. Lack of Legal framework to provide enabling environment for development
and provision of e‐services.
3.8.2.2. Increase of cyber‐crime around the world.
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3.8.2.3. Limited number of legal professional practitioners dealing with ICT matters.
3.8.2.4. Inefficient way of information management and sharing between judicial
peers and obsolete manual mechanism in the judicial proceedings.
3.8.4. Strategies
3.8.4.1. Establish legal framework that addresses issues catering for computer and
computer related crime, consumer protection, child’s protection, data
protection, privacy protection, intellectual property rights, dispute resolution
and security from the organizational to an individual level.
3.8.4.2. Review the existing legislations, taking consideration of international best
practices, to foster a clear and supportive legal framework that promotes and
supports the long term development of the ICT sector.
3.8.4.3. Provide training for the existing legal practitioners on ICT regulatory issues,
including law enforcement agencies.
3.8.4.4. Promote and support the development of qualified legal ICT professionals in a
sustainable manner to meet national and regional needs.
3.8.4.5. Encourage local training institutions to provide courses related to ICT legal
matters.
3.8.4.6. Set up an arbitration mechanism for resolving conflicts between operators
and regulators.
3.8.4.7. Establish and operationalize e‐justice to enhance judicial systems and cater
for efficient and effective cases management and others day to day activities.
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The Ministry responsible for communication (“The Ministry”) is the owner of this Policy.
However, due to multi facet nature of ICT, the Ministry shall strengthen the institutional
capacity of the Department of Communication. The contribution of Non‐Governmental
Organizations (NGOs) and Public Private Partnerships (PPPs) in the implementation of
this Policy is also recognized. Furthermore; on long term basis, the Government shall
create an institution mandated to coordinate ICT as recommended in MKUZA II.
4.2. Role of Stakeholders
It is recognized that different stakeholders are to be involved in the implementation of
this Policy. Based on their missions they are expected to make contributions that will
lead in a fresh momentum for the development of the country in ICT. The following will
play important roles in the development of the ICT sector:
i. Government
ii. Department/Institution
iii. Civil society
iv. Development partners
v. Investors and Operators
vi. Consumers/users.
vii. Training institutions
viii. Media
iv. Monitor the implementation of ICT Policy through regular review of progress
reports.
v. Provide appropriate incentives and support for ICT investors by putting in place
necessary infrastructure.
The role of the Civil Society will be to inform the policy making process by making
relevant contributions in regard to ICT development and applications.
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i. Prepare and air ICT related awareness programs
ii. Publish periodic magazines with issues related to ICT development, effective use
and associated risks both at national, regional and global scope.
iii. Working close with local ICT experts to translate awareness programs from other
part of the word that are yet relevant to our environment.
iv. Promote live programs in relation to ICT issues and promote question and answer
questions.
The Government, through the Ministry responsible for communication shall define a
comprehensive mechanism to monitor ICT development and measure their impacts in
socio‐economic development.
The fact that ICT is one of the most dynamic sectors, necessary mechanisms will have to
be put in place by the Ministry to ensure that this Policy is reviewed from time to time in
consultation with all stakeholders.
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